IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000001 TI[Renal puncture biopsy in the aged subject: apropos of 119 cases] ABWe reviewed 119 renal biopsies performed between 1964 and 1982 on adults aged 60 or more. The two main indications wer: renal failure (35/119) and nephrotic syndrome (35/119). Histology showed: primary glomerular diseases (76/119), systemic diseases with renal involvement (31/119), arteriosclerosis only (5/19), tubulo-interstitial nephritis only (5/119). No obvious lesion was seen in 2 cases. Additional arteriosclerosis was observed in 21 cases and additional tubulo-interstitial nephritis in 6 cases. Primary glomerular diseases consisted mainly in diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (18/76). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (7/31) and amyloidosis (6/31) represented most of the systemic diseases with renal involvement. The usefulness of renal biopsy in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a wide variety of renal diseases in elderly adults is demonstrated. AUMbakop A; Chatelanat F TT[Ponctions-biopsies renales chez le sujet age:a propos de 119 cas.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p101-5 MJAging; Kidney Diseases MNAged; Amyloidosis /PA; Arteriosclerosis /PA; Biopsy, Needle; Glomerulonephritis /PA; Kidney /PA; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic /PA; Middle Age; Nephritis, Interstitial /PA; Nephrotic Syndrome /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN0 (factor VIII related antigen) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000002 TI[Intravascular bronchiolo-alveolar tumor. Study of a form with angiosarcomatous tendency] ABIntravascular bronchiolo-alveolar tumor (IVBAT) is a rare pulmonary neoplasm of assumed endothelial nature. We report a new case of peculiar interest because of the association of a diffuse pulmonary involvement with multiple visceral localisations, which has scarcely been proved during life. We found out a striking endothelial differentiation on microscopic examination. The presence of F VIII RAg in many tumor cells as well as the ultramicroscopic findings support the endothelial differentiation. Thus, we regard our case of IVBAT as an aggressive form of the disease behaving as a real angiosarcoma. AUClary C; Jacob C; Blaive B; Kermarec J TT[Tumeur bronchiolo-alveolaire intra-vasculaire I.V.B.A.T. Etude d'une forme a tendance angiosarcomateuse.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p107-14 MJHemangiosarcoma; Lung Neoplasms MNAdult; Antigens /AN; Bronchi /BS /PA; Endothelium /PA; Factor VIII /AN /IM; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Pulmonary Alveoli /BS /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0242-6498 LAEnglish JCAAZ SBM UI86000003 TIPulmonary carcinosarcoma and carcinoma: report of a case studied by electron microscopy, with critical review of the literature. ABAbout 50 cases of pulmonary carcinosarcoma have been reported in the French and English literature. They have rarely coexisted with non-pulmonary neoplasms, never with other primary lung tumors. This report describes a 68 year old male smoker with a carcinosarcoma developing in the right upper lobe, one and a half years after a left upper lobectomy for a scar adenocarcinoma. By light microscopy, there was an admixture of adenocarcinomatous, chondrosarcomatous, and malignant spindle cell and giant cell areas. Electron microscopy showed well and poorly differentiated epithelial, smooth muscle and cartilaginous elements. This case is of interest because of its occurrence with another lung primary tumor; the specific diagnosis was made by transthoracic needle aspiration; and of the ultrastructural features. In the literature, carcinosarcomas have been divided into an endobronchial type, in which the carcinomatous component is squamous in 91% of cases, and a peripheral type, in which it is glandular in 50% of cases; the sarcomatous component shows no such correlation with type. The theories for the histogenesis of these tumors revolve around the concept that the carcinoma is the principal element, and the sarcomatous or stromal change secondary. Therefore, on the basis of this case, and of our literature review dealing with the pathology, clinical features and histogenesis of these tumors, we suggest that carcinosarcomas share important features with lung carcinomas. AUCohen-Salmon D; Michel RP; Wang NS; Eddy D; Hanson R EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p115-24 MJAdenocarcinoma; Carcinosarcoma /PA; Lung Neoplasms /PA; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary MNAged; Biopsy, Needle; Carcinosarcoma /DI /RA /TH; Cartilage /PA; Lung Neoplasms /DI /RA /TH; Lung /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age; Muscle, Smooth /PA; Prognosis MCReview MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RNEC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000004 TI[Papillary ╥endometrial╙ adenocarcinoma of the bladder neck. Light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry] ABA case of papillary adenocarcinoma, developed on the urinary bladder neck is reported. This tumor is histologically identical to so called endometrial carcinoma of the prostate. Immunohistochemistry showed acid phosphatases and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) positive cells. Electron microscopy disclosed secretory vacuoles consistent with a prostatic origin. The histogenesis of endometrial carcinoma is briefly discussed likewise the precise site of origin of the reported case. AUHoang C; Wassef M; Cortesse A; D'Agay MF; Le Duc A TT[Adenocarcinome papillaire ╥endometrioide╙ du col vesical. Microscopie optique et electronique et immunohistochimie.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p125-9 MJAdenocarcinoma, Papillary /PA; Bladder Neoplasms /PA MNAcid Phosphatase /AN; Adenocarcinoma, Papillary /AN; Aged; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN; Bladder Neoplasms /AN; Cytoplasm /PA; Histocytochemistry; Immunologic Technics; Microscopy, Electron; Prostate /IM; Prostatic Neoplasms /PA; Vacuoles /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Comparative Study; Human; Male IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000005 TI[Benign sub-periosteal osteoblastoma of the nasal cavity. histological and ultrastructural study of a case] ABA case of periosteal benign osteoblastoma arising in the left nasal cavity is presented. The tumor develops on the surface of the middle turbinate without evidence of bone destruction. It has been locally excised and has not recurred in 3 1/2 years. The histological aspect is identical to that of the other cases of genuine osteoblastoma. The ultrastructure (the first of a periosteal osteoblastoma) is described. The osteoblasts resemble normal osteoblasts with a few exceptions: irregular nuclei, abundance of well-developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and numerous fine filaments. The osteocytes and osteoclasts basically resemble their normal counterparts. The final diagnosis of benign osteoblastoma rests at the light microscopy level. The differential diagnosis are reviewed. Distinguishing histologic and ultrastructural characteristics between this tumor and other benign osteoblastic tumors are discussed. AUDucastelle T; Dehesdin D; Hemet J; Andrieu-Guitrancourt J TT[Osteoblastome benin sous-perioste de la cavite nasale. Etude histologique et ultrastructurale d'une observation.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p131-6 MJNose Neoplasms; Osteoma, Osteoid MNCell Nucleus /PA; Child; Cytoskeleton /PA; Endoplasmic Reticulum /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Nasal Cavity; Osteoclasts /PA; Osteocytes /PA; Periosteum MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human RN0 (viral N protein) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000006 TI[Viral type particles in the germinal centers during a lymphadenopathic syndrome related to AIDS] ABThe identification of virus-like particles in the germinal centers of an AIDS-related lymph node with histological findings of group IA is reported. A 23 year-old man, intravenous drug user, presents an inversion of T helper/T suppressor cell ratio and a peripheral generalized lymphadenopathy, suggesting a diagnosis of ARC. Lymph node biopsy shows follicular hyperplasia and features consistent with group IA of AIDS-related lymphadenopathy. Immunohistochemical study reveals an increase of intrafollicular T8+ lymphocytes. Electronmicroscopic examination of follicles demonstrates the presence of particles showing features of viral nucleocapsids; these particles are seen between the cytoplasmic processes of follicular dendritic cells. Pathologic findings associated with lymphoid follicular hyperplasia in AIDS prodromal period are examined. The importance of lymph node biopsy with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies, in patients at high risk for AIDS, is demonstrated. The detection of type D viral particles suggestive of retrovirus is in accordance with results of virologic studies which indicate the involvement of a retrovirus (called LAV or HTLV III) in the etiology of the disease. AULe Tourneau A; Audouin J; Aubert JP; Denis J; Baufine-Ducrocq H; Duterque M; Diebold J TT[Mise en evidence de particules de type viral dans les centres germinatifs au cours d'une syndrome lymphadenopathique relie au SIDA.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p137-42 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Capsid; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Diseases /MI; Viral Core Proteins MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /ET /IM; Adult; Helper Cells /PA; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia; Lymph Nodes /PA; Lymphatic Diseases /ET /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Substance Abuse /CO; Suppressor Cells /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000007 TI[The fibroblast] ABThe fibroblast, major cell of connective tissue, secretes the various elements of interstitium: collagens, proelastin, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. It maintains the turnover of these structures and intervenes, also, in the cholesterol LDL metabolism. These various properties explains its different morphological aspects. In young patients, it is an active secretory cell. Its voluminous cytoplasm contains a well developed endoplasmic reticulum and others organelles. It is always in close connection with collagen fibers. The cytoskeleton consists of a fine network visible throughout the cytoplasm and near of secretory areas. In adult patients, the fibroblast keeps the same characteristics, but the endoplasmic reticulum is poorer than in young subjects. In old patients (physiologic or pathologic ageing) it becomes a quiescent cell. It is a flattened cell; its cytoplasm contains a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and numerous dense bodies. Its cytoskeleton is characterized by voluminous fascicles or bundles of microfilaments into large cytoplasmic areas. This modified fibroblast has not direct contact with collagen. In all cases, various stimuli can: activate the fibroblast. Then this cell becomes a large cell with very abundant reticulum endoplasmic, ribosomes, polysomes, and numerous secretory vesicles. It is an active secreting cell; becomes fibroblast and; change into myofibroblast by presence of myofilaments in its cytoplasm. AUPieraggi MT; Bouissou H; Angelier C; Uhart D; Magnol JP; Kokolo J TT[Le fibroblaste.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p65-76 MJFibroblasts MNAging; Capillaries /CY; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Collagen /ME; Cytoplasmic Granules /UL; Cytoplasm /UL; Cytoskeleton /UL; Elastin /ME; Endoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Fibroblasts /UL; Fibronectins /PH; Glycoproteins /ME; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /CY; Laminin /PH; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol /ME; Lysosomes /EN; Mesoderm /CY; Microfilaments /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Proteoglycans /ME; Skin /CY MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0242-6498 LAFrench JCAAZ SBM UI86000009 TI[Immunodetection of gastrin-like peptides in routine electron microscopy by the ╥immunogold╙ method] ABThe present immunoelectron microscopic study was carried out in order to evaluate the influence of several technical parameters of the immunogold staining procedure on the labelling intensity of gastrin-storing cells in normal and pathological states. Ultra-thin sections of double-fixed Epon embedded human pyloric mucosa were immunolabelled using a C-terminal directed antigastrin serum, followed by colloidal gold linked immunoglobulins. When the labelling density occurring over the endocrine secretory granules was quantitatively evaluated, the following conclusions could be drawn: the density increased dramatically when particles of decreasing diameter (40 nm, 20 nm, 10 nm) were comparatively used, the dilution of the primary antiserum had to be adjusted in order to obtain an intense specific labelling together with a negligible background (non specific) labelling. However, a long incubation time of the primary antiserum, as well as the use of etching procedures, resulted in an increase of the labelling density when a highly diluted antiserum was applied. Subsequent attempts to immunolabel ultrathin sections of gastrin-secreting malignant tumours showed that the goal could be achieved on tissues routinely processed for electron microscopy, provide the previous parameters were carefully selected according to the control G cell model. AUBerger G; Berger F; Chayvialle JA; Feroldi J TT[Immunodetection des peptides de type gastrine en microscopie electronique de routine par la methode ╥immunogold╙.] EM8601 SOAnn Pathol (France), 1985, 5(2) p85-93 MJGastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gold MNCytoplasmic Granules /AN /UL; Gastric Mucosa /UL; Histocytochemistry; Immunologic Technics; Pyloric Antrum /AN /UL; Stomach Neoplasms /AN /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000011 TIPre-hospital tracheal intubation versus esophageal gastric tube airway use: a prospective study. ABA prospective study compared the respiratory effectiveness of the endotracheal tube (ET) with that of the esophageal gastric tube airway (EGTA) for victims of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in the pre-hospital setting. Arterial blood gases were obtained within 3 minutes of hospital arrival, and survival (defined as discharge from the hospital) was determined. During EGTA ventilation, mean pH was 7.12 +/- 0.2, mean P02 was 77 +/- 92 mm Hg, and mean PC02 was 78.2 +/- 42.9 mm Hg; the survival rate was 4.5%. During ET ventilation, mean pH was 7.34 +/- 0.2, mean P02 was 265 +/- 151 mm Hg, mean PC02 was 35 +/- 20.5 mm Hg; the survival rate was 7%. The authors conclude that endotracheal intubation remains the procedure of choice for airway management in the victim of cardiopulmonary arrest. AUGeehr EC; Bogetz MS; Auerbach PS EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p381-5 MJEsophagus; Heart Arrest /TH; Intubation, Intratracheal; Intubation; Resuscitation MNAdult; Aged; Allied Health Personnel; Blood; California; Carbon Dioxide /BL; Emergency Medical Services; Heart Arrest /MO; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Middle Age; Oxygen /BL; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial /MT MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000012 TITheophylline overdose: acute single ingestion versus chronic repeated overmedication. ABCurrently available guidelines for managing theophylline intoxication do not distinguish between acute single ingestion and chronic repeated overmedication and do not reliably predict which patients should undergo hemoperfusion. Although hemoperfusion is widely recommended when serum concentrations exceed 40-60 mg/l, many patients with acute overdose tolerate much higher levels without serious toxicity. Because manifestations of toxicity might be dependent on the chronicity of the overdose, the authors retrospectively compared the clinical features of 15 patients with chronic repeated overmedication with those of 27 patients suffering acute single overdose. Patients suffering chronic repeated overmedication developed seizures (7/15) and serious arrhythmias (4/15) with serum levels of 28-70 mg/l. By contrast, only one of 19 patients suffering acute single overdose with peak levels less than 100 mg/l had seizures, and only two of 19 with levels less than 100 mg/l had serious arrhythmias. However, of the eight single-overdose patients with levels over 100 mg/l, seven had seizures and three had serious arrhythmias. Single-overdose patients were easily recognized by the presence of hypotension, hypokalemia, and low serum bicarbonate, features not present in chronic-type patients. Thus, while patients with theophylline overdose caused by chronic repeated overmedication frequently develop seizures and arrhythmias with serum levels of 40-70 mg/l, those with acute single ingestion are highly unlikely to suffer serious complications unless serum levels exceed 100 mg/l. Management of the intoxication, especially selection of patients for hemoperfusion, should be based on whether the overdose is caused by an acute single ingestion or chronic repeated overmedication. AUOlson KR; Benowitz NL; Woo OF; Pond SM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p386-94 MJTheophylline /PO MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Chronic Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Hemoperfusion; Hypokalemia /CI; Hypotension /CI; Infant; Middle Age; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Seizures /CI; Tachycardia /CI; Theophylline /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-55-8 (Atropine) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000013 TITreatment of presumed asystole during pre-hospital cardiac arrest: superiority of electrical countershock. ABStandard drug therapy for asystole during cardiac arrest includes epinephrine, atropine, and calcium chloride (CaCl). Recent studies have shown that ventricular fibrillation (VF) can appear to be asystole when recorded from the chest surface. To determine the efficacy of these drugs and electrical countershock for asystole, a group of 83 adult nontraumatic cardiac arrest victims (55 men, 28 women, mean age of 64 +/- 14 years) were studied. Asystole appeared at some time during arrest in 44 patients (53%) and was the initial rhythm in 24 (29%). The rate of survival to hospital discharge was significantly higher in patients whose initial rhythm was VF (46%) than in patients whose initial rhythm was asystole (0%). Epinephrine, CaCl and atropine infrequently changed the rhythm from asystole. Electrical countershock infrequently altered the rhythm from asystole when it appeared as the initial rhythm. However, countershock was significantly more effective than epinephrine (P less than 0.003), atropine (P less than 0.04), or CaCl (P less than 0.03) in altering the rhythm from asystole, which appeared later in resuscitation. Ventricular fibrillation was the most common rhythm appearing after countershock for asystole. Countershock appears to be superior to epinephrine, CaCl, and atropine for treating asystole during the course of resuscitation, suggesting that the rhythm diagnosed as asystole may actually be VF in many cases. AUOrnato JP; Gonzales ER; Morkunas AR; Coyne MR; Beck CL EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p395-9 MJArrhythmia; Asystole /TH; Atropine /TU; Calcium Chloride /TU; Electric Countershock; Epinephrine /TU; Heart Arrest; Resuscitation MNAged; Asystole /DI; Atropine /PD; Calcium Chloride /PD; Diagnosis, Differential; Epinephrine /PD; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Ventricular Fibrillation /DI /PP /TH MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000014 TIRecognition of psychological and cognitive impairments in the emergency department. ABNinety-six patients presenting to a university hospital emergency department were screened before triage for psychological symptoms or cognitive impairment using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Mini-Mental State examination (MMS). Charts were reviewed for demographic information and emergency physicians' recognition of psychological symptoms or cognitive dysfunction. Of the patients studied, 38% had positive results on the GHQ, and 18% had positive results on the MMS. Psychological symptoms or cognitive impairments were recognized by the emergency physicians in only 8% of those with positive GHQ results and 6% of those with positive MMS results. The usefulness of screening measures for psychological symptoms and cognitive impairment of emergency department patients is discussed. AULitovitz GL; Hedberg M; Wise TN; White JD; Mann LS EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p400-2 MJCognition Disorders; Emergency Service, Hospital; Mental Disorders MNCognition Disorders /OC; District of Columbia; Hospitals, University; Hospitals, Urban; Mental Disorders /OC; Mental Status Schedule; Psychological Tests MTFemale; Human; Male RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000015 TIPediatric catheter flow rates. ABThe flow rates of the 18- to 24-gauge catheters most commonly used in pediatrics were studied to determine which catheters and infusion techniques allowed for rapid volume replacement in infants and children. As expected, short, large-diameter catheters were found to have a higher flow rate, and flows under pressure in the largest catheters tested were up to 17 times greater than in a longer, smaller diameter catheter. Catheters designed for peripheral venous insertion in children showed an 18 to 164% increase in flow rate when compared with the same gauge catheters designed for central venous use. Thus, intravenous access via a central vein does not guarantee more rapid fluid infusion unless the use of the central vein permits the insertion of a catheter larger in diameter than any that could be placed peripherally. Knowledge of the flow rates determined for the various catheters in this study will assist the physician in optimizing fluid resuscitation of the critically ill or injured child. AUHodge D 3d; Fleisher G EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p403-7 MJBlood Transfusion; Fluid Therapy; Pediatrics MNBlood Transfusion /MT; Catheterization /IS; Child, Preschool; Fluid Therapy /MT; Infant; Models, Theoretical; Physics; Rheology; Shock /TH; Sodium Chloride /AD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human RN58-55-9 (Theophylline); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000016 TIHypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and acidosis after intentional theophylline overdose. ABThree cases of intentional theophylline overdose in adult patients are described. Among these, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and acidosis were found, and markedly elevated initial serum theophylline concentrations (106, 76.2, and 41.4 micrograms/ml) were measured. All patients recovered completely with conservative management. The observed biochemical abnormalities rapidly resolved during maintenance fluid therapy and modest potassium supplementation. In addition, seizures, ventricular arrhythmias, and other serious toxic effects were notably absent. AUSawyer WT; Caravati EM; Ellison MJ; Krueger KA EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p408-11 MJAcidosis; Hyperglycemia; Hypokalemia; Suicide, Attempted; Theophylline /PO MNAcidosis /TH; Adult; Fluid Therapy; Hyperglycemia /TH; Hypokalemia /TH; Potassium Chloride /TU; Theophylline /BL MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN1310-73-2 (Sodium Hydroxide) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000017 TIOven-cleaner pads: new risk for corrosive injury. ABOver a six-month period, the New Jersey Poison Information System received 61 calls related to exposures to alkaline corrosives. Seven of these calls related to a new oven-cleaner product, oven-cleaner pads. These pads are sealed in a protective plastic wrap and contain lye in excess of 5%. Use of these products requires careful opening of the seal and caution in application. Five of the callers sustained injuries from their exposure, and three of these sustained burns, one in the oral cavity and one in the eye. None suffered permanent sequelae, but the potential for such is considerable. The method of application, concentration of base, and prolonged exposure to a widely covered area may make this product particularly hazardous. AUVilogi J; Whitehead B; Marcus SM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p412-4 MJCaustics; Household Products; Lye; Sodium Hydroxide MNAdult; Burns, Chemical /ET /TH; Child, Preschool; Eye Injuries /CI /TH; Infant; Irrigation; Mouth /IN; New Jersey; Poison Control Centers; Skin /IN; Telephone MTFemale; Human; Male RN57-92-1 (Streptomycin) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000018 TITularemia: emergency department presentation of an infrequently recognized disease. ABTularemia is an uncommon, highly communicable disease occurring with seasonal regularity in endemic parts of the United States. The varied signs and symptoms may confound the unwary physician. Two cases are reported illustrating the ulceroglandular and ingestion forms of the disease. Septic (typhoidal), oculoglandular, pleuropulmonary, glandular, and oropharyngeal forms also are described. Knowledge of the epidemiology and a high index of suspicion should lead the examining physician to ask revealing questions. The diagnosis is presumed upon clinical grounds and confirmed by serological testing. According to published reports delayed diagnosis can result in an overall mortality rate of 7% of cases; however, early diagnosis will lead to uncomplicated recovery in most cases. AUHarrell RE Jr; Whitaker GR EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p415-8 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Tularemia MNAdult; Arachnid Vectors; Bites and Stings /CO; Lymph Nodes /PA; Middle Age; Skin Ulcer /ET; Streptomycin /TU; Ticks; Tularemia /DI /DT /PA /TM; United States MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000019 TIPsychiatric screening in the emergency department: validation of the General Health Questionnaire. ABBoth a 28-item psychiatric scale, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) were administered to 25 emergency department patients to determine the validity of the GHQ as a screening instrument for psychopathology in the emergency department setting. There was a significant association (P = 0.0343) between GHQ scores and DIS assessment. The sensitivity of the GHQ in this series was 55.6% and the specificity was 87.5% when compared with the DIS. This suggests that the GHQ may prove to be a valuable screening tool for patients with somatic complaints to detect unsuspected psychiatric illness in the emergency department. AUGold I; Haughey L; Baraff LJ EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p419-22 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Mental Disorders; Psychological Tests MNAdult; Aged; False Positive Reactions; Interview, Psychological; Middle Age; Psychometrics MTFemale; Human; Male IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000020 TI1984 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers National Data Collection System. AULitovitz T; Veltri JC EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p423-50 MJData Collection; Poison Control Centers; Poisoning; Societies MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Analgesics /PO; Annual Reports; Antidepressive Agents /PO; Child, Preschool; Child; Hypnotics and Sedatives /PO; Infant; Mortality; Plant Poisoning /ET; Poisoning /ET /OC /TH; Telephone; Time Factors; United States MTFemale; Human; Male RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000021 TISeizures in psychiatric patients. AUShesser R; Smith M EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p451-5 MJPsychotic Disorders; Seizures; Water Intoxication MNAdult; Brain /PP; Hyponatremia /ET /PP /TH; Polyuria /ET; Saline Solution, Hypertonic /AD; Seizures /PX; Sodium Chloride /AD; Water Intoxication /PX; Water-Electrolyte Balance MTCase Report; Female; Human RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 76-99-3 (Methadone) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000022 TINarcotic withdrawal in the emergency department. ABPatients in narcotic withdrawal can be very disruptive in an emergency department. An understanding of the dynamics of narcotic addiction and withdrawal is useful for the emergency physician. Narcotics are used for the euphoria they provide; however, chronic use results in physiological and psychological changes. Research into the endorphin system has provided a model of narcotic addiction and withdrawal. Effective therapies now exist for use in the emergency department. AUFreitas PM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p456-60 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome MNClonidine /AE /PD /TU; Endorphins /PH; Methadone /TU; Narcotic Dependence /PX; Nervous System Diseases /CI; Outpatients; Phenothiazines /AE /TU; Psychotropic Drugs /TU; Vomiting /CI /DT MCReview MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000023 TIFallacious arguments against resuscitation research. AUBabbs CF EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p461-6 MJPhilosophy, Medical; Research; Resuscitation MNHeart Arrest /PC; Informed Consent; Quality of Life; Resuscitation /MT; Risk; Terminal Care MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000024 TIMethods of randomization in controlled clinical trials. ABIn this second article of a series that explores design and analysis issues in controlled clinical trials in emergency medicine, we have discussed the case for randomization, reviewed the methods involved in simple randomization, highlighted some of the practical problems involved with randomization, and presented some modified randomization schemes intended to remedy these problems. AUMoeschberger ML; Williams JA; Brown CG EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p467-73 MJClinical Trials; Emergency Medicine; Random Allocation; Research Design MNEthics, Medical; Methods; Sampling Studies; Statistics MTHuman RN58-55-9 (Theophylline) IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000025 TITheophylline poisoning [editorial] AUKlein-Schwartz W EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p475-6 MJTheophylline /PO MNAcute Disease; Chronic Disease; Hemoperfusion; Theophylline /BL MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000026 TIUse of psychiatric screening instruments in the ED [editorial] AUPeterson LG; Cohen LM EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p476-8 MJEmergency Service, Hospital; Mental Disorders; Psychological Tests MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000027 TIRetention of CPR skills [letter] AUKiskaddon RT; Sternbach GL EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p479 MJMedical Staff; Memory; Resuscitation; Retention (Psychology) MNResuscitation /ED MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000028 TICalcium blockers in neurological recovery after cardiac arrest [letter] AUBaraff LJ EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p480-1 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Anoxia; Heart Arrest MNCerebral Anoxia /ET; Philosophy, Medical MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000029 TISalicylate-induced pulmonary edema [letter] AUWald P; Wortzman D; Notterman D EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p481-2 MJPulmonary Edema; Salicylates MNChild; Fluid Therapy /AE; Pulmonary Edema /ET; Retrospective Studies MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000030 TIAirway management in resuscitation [letter] AUBrown CG; Werman HA; Ashton J; Rund D EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p482-4 MJEsophagus; Intubation, Intratracheal; Intubation; Resuscitation /MT MNEmergency Medical Services; Intubation, Intratracheal /AE; Intubation /AE; Mortality; Nervous System Diseases /OC; Resuscitation /AE MTComparative Study; Human IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000031 TIHigh i.v. infusion flow rates [letter] AUFried SJ; Satiani B; Zeeb P EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p484 MJBlood Transfusion; Fluid Therapy MNHeat; Shock /TH MTHuman IS0735-6757 LAEnglish JCAA2 SBM UI86000032 TICardiopulmonary resuscitation and sudden cardiac death: an annotated bibliography of the 1984 literature. AUCummins RO EM8601 SOAm J Emerg Med (United States), Sep 1985, 3(5) p485-93 MJBibliography; Heart Arrest; Resuscitation MTHuman IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000034 TIRecent trends in cesarean delivery rates in California. AUPetitti DB EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p25-8 MJCesarean Section; Delivery MNCalifornia; Infant; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000035 TIImagery and symbolism in the birth practices of traditional cultures. AUBates B; Turner AN EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p29-35 MJCeremonial; Labor; Medicine, Traditional; Symbolism (Psychology) MNCross-Cultural Comparison; Delivery; Imagination; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Sex MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000036 TIReconsidering the ╥market model╙ in obstetrics. Part II. AUSheps CG; Chez RA; McCord G; McKay S EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p37-41 MJMarketing of Health Services; Maternal Health Services; Obstetrics MNPregnancy; Private Practice /EC; United States MTFemale; Human IS0730-7659 LAEnglish JCABD UI86000037 TIAntenatal preparation and labor support in relation to birth outcomes. AUBennett A; Hewson D; Booker E; Holliday S EM8601 SOBirth (United States), Spring 1985, 12(1) p9-16 MJAttitude to Health; Delivery; Labor; Prenatal Care MNConsumer Satisfaction; Infant, Newborn; Interviews; Parents /ED; Pregnancy; Questionnaires MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000083 TI[Breast-feeding during the process of transculturation (editorial)] AUVega-Franco L TT[Alimentacion al seno en el proceso de transulturacion.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p407-8 MJBreast Feeding MNAdult; Cultural Evolution; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Mexico; Pregnancy; Urban Population MTFemale; Human IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000084 TI[Secondary sex characteristics among Mexican boys 9 to 16 years of age. Horizontal study] AUGuizar-Vazquez JJ ; Rosales-Lopez A ; Ortiz-Jalomo R; Nava-Delgado SE; Salamanca-Gomez F TT[Caracteres sexuales secundarios en ninos mexicanos de 9 a 16 anos. Estudio transversal.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p409-14 MJSex Characteristics MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Body Height; Child; Mexico; Reference Values; Sex Maturation MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male RN138-81-8 (2,3-diphosphoglycerate); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000085 TI[Effect of blood transfusion on the values of erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and P50 in septic infants] AUVeliz-Pintos R ; Olvera-Hidalgo C; Garza-Ramirez H ; Ortiz VM; Gaxiola-Logan MA TT[Efecto de la transfusion sanguinea sobre los valores del 2,3-DPG del eritrocito y la P50 en lactantes septicos.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p415-23 MJBlood Transfusion; Diphosphoglyceric Acids; Erythrocytes; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /TH; Septicemia /CO MNBlood Preservation; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /BL /ET; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Lactates /BL; Oxygen /BL; Partial Pressure; Septicemia /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000086 TI[Biological features of solutions available for oral hydration in Mexico] AUVelasquez-Jones L ; Llausas-Magana E ; Mota-Hernandez F ; Ruiz-Bedolla E TT[Caracteristicas bioquimicas de las soluciones disponibles para hidratacion oral en Mexico.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p424-9 MJDiarrhea; Fluid Therapy; Food, Formulated MNChild; Chlorides /AN; Food, Formulated /ST; Glucose /AN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium /AN; Sodium /AN; Water /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human RN1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B); 65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000087 TI[Systemic candidiasis] AUVargas-Origel A; Rodriguez-Camara A ; Aldana-Valenzuela C; Manjarrez-Gutierrez G ; Abdo-Bassol F TT[Candidiasis sistemica.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p430-4 MJCandidiasis /TH MNAmphotericin B /TU; Candidiasis /DI; Combined Modality Therapy; Gestational Age; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases /DI /TH; Infant; Ketoconazole /TU; Parenteral Feeding; Respiration, Artificial MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN434-07-1 (Oxymetholone) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000088 TI[Fanconi's anemia] AUBernaldez-Rios R ; Benitez-Aranda H ; Castaneda-Tobin E ; Esparza-Flores MA; Alvarez-Amaya C; Farfan-Canto JM TT[Anemia de Fanconi.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p435-9 MJAnemia, Aplastic; Fanconi's Anemia /DT MNAbnormalities, Multiple; Bone Marrow /PA; Child; Fanconi's Anemia /BL /PA; Hemoglobins /AN; Hemorrhage /ET; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Mental Retardation /ET; Oxymetholone /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN635-65-4 (Bilirubin) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000089 TI[Familial hereditary spherocytosis in the pediatric patient] AUGuemez-Sandoval JC ; Sierra-Cedillo JC; de Leon-Medina NM ; Cardoza-Macias R ; Cardoza-Macias F TT[La esferocitosis familiar hereditaria en el paciente pediatrico.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p440-4 MJSpherocytosis, Hereditary /PA MNAdolescence; Bilirubin /BL; Child, Preschool; Child; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins /AN; Infant; Palliative Treatment; Reticulocytes; Socioeconomic Factors; Spherocytosis, Hereditary /BL /SU; Splenectomy MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000090 TI[An urticaria, vasculitis and hypocomplementemia syndrome. Presentation of a case] AUOjeda-Duran SA ; Ramos-Contreras P; Lopez-Uriarte A ; Reynoso M; Morales M; Vargas-Rosendo R TT[Sindrome de urticaria, vasculitis e hipocomplementemia. Presentacion de un caso.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p445-9 MJComplement; Infection; Urticaria; Vasculitis MNChild, Preschool; Collagen Diseases /CL; Disease Susceptibility; Kidney Diseases /ET /PA; Skin /PA; Syndrome MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000091 TI[Congenital malaria] AUGamboa-Marrufo JD; Rivera-Hernandez F ; Campos-Margalli P; Bello-Gonzalez A TT[Paludismo congenito.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p450-3 MJMalaria MNAnemia /DI; Diagnosis, Differential; Infant; Jaundice, Neonatal /DI; Malaria /DI; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Plasmodium Vivax; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious /TM; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000092 TI[Ultrasonic diagnosis of an intestinal polyp in a child] AULopez-Marure EN ; Ibanez C ; Guzman-Garcia R TT[Diagnostico por ultrasonido de polipo intestinal en el nino.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p454-6 MJIntestinal Polyps /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNChild; Colonoscopy; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal /ET; Intestinal Polyps /CO; Rectal Neoplasms /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0539-6115 LASpanish JCAG0 UI86000093 TI[Drowning in children] AURoa-Bernal JA TT[Inmersion en ninos.] EM8601 SOBol Med Hosp Infant Mex (Mexico), Jul 1985, 42(7) p457-61 MJDrowning MNAccidents; Adolescence; Brain Diseases /ET; Child, Preschool; Child; Colombia; Dogs; Drowning /MO /PP /TH; First Aid; Heart Diseases /ET; Hemodynamics; Infant; Respiration Disorders /ET; Retrospective Studies; United States MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine); 658-48-0 (alpha-methyl-4-tyrosine) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000094 TICatecholamine regulation of neocortical spindling in DBA/2 mice. ABThe waking EEG of DBA/2 mice is punctuated by conspicuous bursts of high-amplitude, 6-7-cps spindles. Catecholamine depletion by 2.0 mg/kg, i.p., reserpine or 120 mg/kg, i.p., alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine increased the occurrence and duration of these brief spindle episodes (BSEs). This effect may reflect noradrenergic depletion because the beta-noradrenergic antagonist propranolol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) powerfully promoted BSE occurrence and increased BSE duration in freely-moving and midpontine-transected mice, whereas the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) neither increased nor decreased BSE occurrence. The alpha-noradrenergic agonist clonidine (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.), which is known to inhibit noradrenergic neuronal firing as well as act at postsynaptic alpha receptors, also promoted BSE occurrence in transected mice. In addition, the dopamine agonist apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) increased BSE occurrence in freely-moving mice once the behavioral activation it produced subsided. These effects were blocked by 2.0 mg/kg haloperidol, i.p. The convulsant drug pentylenetetrazol, which is known to promote BSE occurrence at subconvulsant doses in DBA/2 mice, may activate BSEs, in part, by activating dopamine neurons: 2.0 mg/kg haloperidol, i.p., partially blocked the facilitation of BSEs by 20 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol, i.p., in midpontine DBA/2 mice. Thus, noradrenergic neurons may block spindle occurrence in DBA/2 mice whereas dopamine neurons may be one of several systems that can promote spindle occurrence. AURyan LJ EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p103-15 MJCatecholamines; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography MNApomorphine /PD; Blood Pressure; Clonidine /PD; Haloperidol /PD; Methyltyrosines /PD; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Neural Transmission; Propranolol /PD; Reserpine /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000095 TIElectrophysiological characteristics of amygdaloid central nucleus neurons during Pavlovian fear conditioning in the rabbit. ABRecent evidence suggests that the amygdaloid central nucleus (ACE) may contribute importantly to cardiovascular adjustments in response to the presentation of conditioned emotional stimuli, possibly via direct ACE projections to cardiovascular regulatory nuclei in the medulla. The present experiment was conducted to obtain additional data relevant to this suggestion. Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from 85 histologically-verified ACE neurons during Pavlovian differentially conditioned heart-rate responding in rabbits. Conditioning involved pairing one tone (CS+), but not a second tone (CS-), with paraorbital shock. Those ACE neurons which project to the lower brainstem were identified by their antidromic responses to stimulation of a mesencephalic region through which descending ACE projections course. Under these conditions it was possible to classify ACE neurons as conforming to one of 6 general categories based on their spontaneous activity and conditioned response characteristics. In addition, it was determined that: (1) the electrophysiological characteristics of many ACE neurons were differentially altered in response to presentations of the CS+ versus the CS-; (2) the responses of many ACE neurons to presentations of the CS+ were correlated with the magnitudes of concomitant conditioned alterations in heart rate; and (3) the activity of antidromically-identified ACE neurons which project to the lower brainstem was decreased in response to presentations of each CS. These data provide additional support for the notion that the ACE contributes to cardiovascular regulation during the presentation of emotionally-arousing stimuli. AUPascoe JP; Kapp BS EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p117-33 MJAmygdaloid Body /PH; Conditioning, Classical; Fear; Heart Rate MNAction Potentials; Amygdaloid Body /CY; Brain Mapping; Electroshock; Rabbits; Reaction Time /PH; Sound MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000096 TIThe hippocampus and thalamus: their roles in short- and long-term memory and the effects of interference. ABRats with dorsal hippocampal, dorsomedial thalamic, and operated control lesions were administered a delayed alternation (DA) task in which recall was assessed over intervals ranging between 0 and 80 s, and a passive avoidance (PA) task, involving training-test delays of between 1 h and 21 days. On both tasks, hippocampal groups performed normally at relatively short intervals, but showed significant memory loss at longer intervals. Thalamic groups were generally impaired on the DA task, but performed as well as operated control groups at all intervals in the PA task. The data also indicated an exaggerated susceptibility to interference in the hippocampal groups and a loss of episodic and reference memory following hippocampal or thalamic lesions. Similarities between the performance of rats with hippocampal or thalamic lesions and comparably brain-damaged human amnesics were noted. In line with current hypotheses, it was concluded that memory loss following thalamic damage is related to a deficit in the early stages of new learning, whereas hippocampal amnesia results from impairment at a later, integrative stage in which long-term memories are formed and durably stored. AUWinocur G EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p135-52 MJHippocampus; Memory; Thalamic Nuclei MNBrain Mapping; Learning /PH; Memory, Short-Term /PH; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000097 TIVisual analysis of body movements by neurones in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey: a preliminary report. ABMovement provides biologically important information about the nature (and intent) of animate objects. We have studied cells in the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey which seem to process such visual information. We found that the majority of cells in this brain region were selective for type of movement and for stimulus form, most cells responding only to particular movements of the body or some part of it. A variety of cell types emerged, including cells sensitive to: translation of bodies in view, movements into view (appearance) or out of view (disappearance) and the articulation and rotation of the body/head. Directional selectivity for cells sensitive to translation tended to lie along one of 3 orthogonal Cartesian axes centred on the monkey (towards/away, left/right and up/down). One type of rotation sensitive cell was tuned to rotation about one or more of these axes, a second type was sensitive to different head rotations which brought the face to confront the monkey or turned the face away. Reconstructions of cell positions indicated that cells of the same type were clumped anatomically both across the surface of the cortex and perpendicular to the surface. AUPerrett DI; Smith PA; Mistlin AJ; Chitty AJ; Head AS; Potter DD; Broennimann R; Milner AD; Jeeves MA EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p153-70 MJTemporal Lobe /PH; Visual Perception MNFixation, Ocular; Form Perception /PH; Macaca mulatta; Macaca; Motion Perception /PH; Rotation; Temporal Lobe /AH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15574-96-6 (Pizotyline); 50-37-3 (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide); 74050-98-9 (ketanserin); 75444-65-4 (pirenperone) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000098 TIAntagonism of the LSD cue by putative serotonin antagonists: relationship to inhibition of in vivo [3H]spiroperidol binding. ABIn two groups of rats trained to discriminate 0.08 or 0.16 mg/kg of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) from saline, pirenperone and ketanserin completely blocked the stimulus effect of LSD. Pizotifen (BC-105) blocked the LSD cue when the training dose was 0.08 mg/kg, but had variable effects in the 0.16 mg/kg of LSD-trained group. The antagonism of the 0.08 mg/kg cue occurred at doses of the antagonists which blocked [3H]spiroperidol labeled 5-HT2 receptors in the frontal cortex in vivo; binding in the striatum was unaffected by the LSD antagonists. However, in doses which produce the LSD cue, neither LSD nor the 5-HT agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, which substitutes for LSD, inhibited the binding in either the cortex or the striatum. The results are discussed in relation to the possible neuropharmacological basis for the LSD cue. AUNielsen EB; Ginn SR; Cunningham KA; Appel JB EM8601 ID9R01DA02543 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p171-6 MJLysergic Acid Diethylamide; Receptors, Serotonin /DE MNCerebellum /DE; Corpus Striatum /DE; Frontal Lobe /DE; Piperidines /PD; Pizotyline /PD; Radioligand Assay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Serotonin /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000099 TICerebellar lesion effects on vocalization of the squirrel monkey. ABHigh-frequency coagulations were made in the cerebellar nuclei of 3 adult squirrel monkeys to test their role in the production of vocalization. Complete bilateral destruction of all 3 nuclei in one animal or destruction of their rostral or caudal halves in the other two had no effect on the acoustic structure of electrically elicited species-specific calls. AUKirzinger A EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p177-81 MJCerebellar Nuclei; Vocalization, Animal MNBrain Mapping; Saimiri MTAnimal IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000100 TIRespiration and olfactory bulb unit activity in the unrestrained rat: statements and reappraisals. ABThe activity of 26 olfactory bulb units, including 19 mitral, 5 granular and 2 external plexiform cells, was recorded in unrestrained rats associating food odor stimuli/isoamyl acetate to a food reward/no reward. The respiratory activity was transduced from the intranasal air pressure and used as a time-base to analyze the unit discharge. The patterning of neuron activity was presented in histograms built from sequences of 30 successive cycles each resolved into 5 equal bins. 64 sequences were defined by the low or high respiratory frequency and by olfactory stimulation. In resting conditions, 15 (13 mitral) units displayed significant respiratory patterning, mainly characterized by the absolute and relative phases of the maximal and minimal activity in the cycle. Six typical groups of units could be defined accordingly. Increased respiratory frequency erased patterning, except in the 2 most typical units. The histograms from adjacent mitral cells showed that the various types were distributed as in a neuronal network with lateral recurrent inhibition, where noise was introduced at each inspiration. The data verified that the spatial and temporal distribution of the input activity elicited by the olfactory stimuli created local interferences, modifying the patterning of mitral activity. The odor-induced changes (R1 responses) were as consistent as the typology itself; they were selective and habituated rapidly. The transient R1 activity could also give rise to an R2 firing, atypical, regular and lasting, mainly when food odor elicited food intake. Possible functional interpretations of these phenomena are presented. AUPager J EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p81-94 MJOlfactory Bulb; Respiration; Smell MNAction Potentials; Brain Mapping; Periodicity; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000101 TIDeficits in non-spatial conditional associative learning after periarcuate lesions in the monkey. ABMonkeys with lesions of the periarcuate region of the frontal cortex were severely impaired in learning a nonspatial conditional associative task. In this task, either one of two non-spatial responses (open the lit or the unlit box) was correct if emitted in the presence of the appropriate stimulus. In contrast, the periarcuate monkeys were able to learn, at a normal rate, the control tasks in which only one of the two responses was correct (e.g., go to the lit box), the animal's task being to emit this response when the cue to do so was given. These findings support the hypothesis that the periarcuate cortex is critically involved in conditional associative learning. AUPetrides M EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 16(2-3) p95-101 MJAssociation Learning; Conditioning, Operant; Frontal Lobe; Learning MNDiscrimination Learning /PH; Macaca mulatta; Reversal Learning /PH; Visual Perception /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000102 TINo cross-tolerance between the stimulatory and depressant actions of benzodiazepines in mice. ABDoses of the benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide and diazepam were selected that elevate, or that depress, exploratory and locomotor behaviour in the holeboard in mice, and the development of tolerance to these effects was investigated. Tolerance did not develop to the stimulant effects of low doses of these compounds after 10 or 20 days pretreatment with either a low (stimulant) dose or a high (depressant) dose of each. When animals were pretreated with a high (depressant) dose of the benzodiazepines, tolerance developed to the depressant effects of a high test dose, and in fact, after 20 days a stimulatory effect on head-dipping had developed with this dose. In contrast, however, after pretreatment with a high (depressant) dose, there was no tolerance to the stimulatory effects of a low test dose of the benzodiazepines, even after 20 days. The ability of current theories is concluded that behavioural theories of tolerance, such as an instrumental conditioning model, may be the most appropriate to explain the present results. AUFile SE; Pellow S EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p1-7 MJChlordiazepoxide /PD; Diazepam /PD MNChlordiazepoxide /AD; Depression, Chemical; Diazepam /AD; Drug Tolerance; Exploratory Behavior /DE; Mice; Motor Activity /DE; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000103 TIBehavioural and neurochemical effects of chronic intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor in adult rats with fimbria lesions. ABRats received bilateral lesions of the fimbria. These lesions impaired their ability to learn a radial maze. Rats given repeated intraventricular injections of nerve growth factor (NGF, 10 micrograms twice weekly during 4 weeks after the lesion) learned the maze problem more rapidly than rats with the same injury but treated with a control protein (cytochrome c). When retested after a period of 6 weeks without NGF treatment, the performance of NGF-treated and cytochrome c-treated rats with fimbria lesions did not differ. Whereas our previous study showed an increase in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the septum and the hippocampus 4 days after the last NGF injection, the present study found that after the retest period (i.e. 10 weeks after the last NGF injection) ChAT activity was increased in the septum but not in the hippocampus. The relationship between the NGF-induced changes in ChAT activity and behaviour is discussed. AUWill B; Hefti F EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p17-24 MJCholine Acetyltransferase; Hippocampus /IN; Learning Disorders; Nerve Growth Factors; Septum Pellucidum /IN MNCholinergic Fibers /DE; Hippocampus /EN; Neural Pathways /IN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Septum Pellucidum /EN MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000104 TIEarlier is not always better: behavioral dysfunction and abnormal cerebral morphogenesis following neonatal cortical lesions in the rat. ABRats with lesions of the medial frontal, ventral frontal or posterior parietal cortex in adulthood were compared behaviorally and neuroanatomically in adulthood with rats with similar removals at 7 days of age. The neonatal lesions altered cortical morphogenesis, especially in the ventral frontal and parietal groups, in which there was a marked thinning of remaining cortex distal to the lesion site. Behavior was assessed on an extensive battery of sensorimotor and maze-learning tests. Although there was sparing of function on some tests, the overall result was very little sparing on sensorimotor tests and only partial sparing on tests of maze learning in the frontal groups. The parietal neonates showed sparing on only one sensorimotor task and, in addition, showed unexpected deficits on sensorimotor and maze-learning tasks that were not observed in the adult operates. The results suggest that there may be more localization of function in the infant cortex than is generally believed and that early cortical damage may produce different behavioral effects than similar damage in adulthood. AUKolb B; Whishaw IQ EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p25-43 MJCerebral Cortex MNAge Factors; Feeding Behavior /PH; Frontal Lobe /IN; Grooming /PH; Learning /PH; Morphogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity; Parietal Lobe /IN; Psychomotor Performance /PH; Rats; Swimming MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000105 TIOn the ability of rats to discriminate between microstimulations of the olfactory bulb in different locations. ABAn investigation was made into the ability of rats to discriminate between electrical stimulations applied to the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb in different locations. Water-deprived rats implanted with permanent electrodes were trained to use single- or multi-site microstimulations as discriminative stimuli for selecting a palatable solution without tasting it in a two-choice test. Spontaneous reactions of the animals to stimulation with sinusoidal currents higher than 3 microA per electrode resembled sensory arousal. All rats were found to discriminate between the effects of concurrent microstimulations applied to bulbar sites separated by 500 micron. Changing the current intensity in the range 4-20 microA had no detectable effect on the discrimination. Discrimination was still possible, with a few exceptions, when electrodes were separated by 250 micron and even when they were closely adjacent. Spatial resolution of discrimination seemed not to vary in different regions along the rostrocaudal axis of the bulb. The discrimination of patterns of simultaneous stimulation at several sites was also investigated. Different multi-site patterns were easily distinguished, even when their respective components were closely adjacent or when some components occupied the same area. The findings are discussed with reference to the concept of spatial coding of odours in the olfactory bulb. AUMouly AM; Vigouroux M; Holley A EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p45-58 MJDiscrimination Learning; Olfactory Bulb; Smell MNElectric Stimulation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000106 TIEffects of nicotine on exploratory behavior in rats: correlation with regional brain monoamine levels. ABThe results of a dose-response study of the effects of nicotine on exploratory behavior in male rats is reported. Nicotine at 0.5 mg/kg elevated locomotor activity without significantly changing other parameters of exploration. Low-dose nicotine (0.2 mg/kg) did not produce any effect on exploration measures, while high-dose nicotine (0.8 mg/kg) produced a state of ataxia in animals and decreased most exploration measures in general. Additional, nicotine at high doses seems to reduce the animal's state of fear/anxiety, while at low dose the drug seems to increase the animal's level of curiosity in a novel environment. Biochemically, nicotine has been found to accelerate dopamine synthesis and norepinephrine turnover, and to decrease serotonin turnover. More importantly, the amino acid precursors tyrosine and tryptophan were found to be the neurochemical measures most related to the behavioral changes produced by nicotine. AULee EH EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p59-66 MJBiogenic Amines; Brain Chemistry; Exploratory Behavior; Neuroregulators; Nicotine MNCaudate Nucleus /AN; Dopamine /AN; Hippocampus /AN; Hypothalamus /AN; Norepinephrine /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine); 74196-93-3 (LY 141865) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000107 TIDifferential effects of intrafrontocortical microinjections of dopamine agonists and antagonists on circling behavior of rats. ABAsymmetric posturing and circling behavior resulting from acute unilateral manipulation of central dopamine have been used to assess this neurotransmitter's contribution to motor control. Although providing extensive evidence for the involvement of mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine in motor activity, this approach has not been used to study the mesocortical system. We now report circling behaviour following acute manipulation of frontal cortical dopamine. Unilateral microinjections of the agonists, (+)-amphetamine (12 and 25 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) and LY 141865 (12 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) resulted in contraversive circling. Conversely, unilateral intrafrontocortical microinjections of the antagonist, metoclopramide (25 and 100 micrograms in 1.0 microliter) resulted in ipsiversive circling in amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreated rats. Lower central doses of each drug and vehicle injections had no significant effect. These results provide evidence for an excitatory influence of mesocortical dopamine on motor control. This finding may implicate frontal cortical dopamine in the extrapyramidal motoric side effects of chronic neuroleptic treatment which previously have been attributed to dopamine function in subcortical areas. AUStewart RJ; Morency MA; Beninger RJ EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p67-72 MJDopamine; Frontal Lobe /PH; Motor Activity /PH MNBrain Mapping; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Ergolines /PD; Frontal Lobe /DE; Metoclopramide /PD; Motor Activity /DE; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000108 TIDRL responding under uncertain reinforcement in rats after medial frontal cortical lesions. ABRats were studied for their performance on DRL 10-s schedule with a 50% probability of reinforcement of a correct response with a food pellet. It was found that the performance of a group of 8 rats with medial frontal decortication by aspiration was deficient compared to a group of 7 sham-operated control rats. The deficit manifested in the form of an increase in very short interresponse times (IRTs). This signifies an influence of medial frontal cortex on the control of responding by time-correlated stimuli probably arising from collateral behaviours. AUNalwa V; Rao PS EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p73-6 MJConditioning, Operant; Frontal Lobe; Reinforcement Schedule MNBrain Mapping; Rats; Time Perception /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000109 TIRed nucleus lesions impair acquisition of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response but not eye-to-eye savings or unconditioned response amplitude. ABFollowing a single electrocoagulating RF lesion aimed at left red nucleus, rabbits received classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane (NM) response. A tone was the conditioned stimulus (CS) and electrostimulation of the eye was the unconditioned stimulus (US). The US was applied to the right eye during the initial phase of training. It was then switched to the left eye to assess transfer of learning and ultimately switched back to the right eye. NM responses were recorded simultaneously from both eyes during each phase of training. Consistent with reports implicating a cerebellar-rubro circuit in this behavior, RN lesions disrupted acquisition of CRs in the eye contralateral to the lesion. Animals with disrupted NM CRs of the right eye resembled controls in showing transfer of conditioning to the left eye. CR-disrupting lesions did not affect UR amplitude. AURosenfield ME; Moore JW EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p77-81 MJConditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Eyelid; Red Nucleus MNBrain Mapping; Electroshock; Nictitating Membrane; Rabbits; Sound; Transfer (Psychology) MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine) IS0166-4328 LAEnglish JCAG3 SBM UI86000110 TISpatial learning and memory, maze running strategies and cholinergic mechanisms in two inbred strains of mice. ABThe acquisition process of the radial maze task was studied in two inbred strains of mice, C57BL/6 and DBA/2. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of performance was performed and the pretest level of activity was measured. The results showed a significant correlation between activity and performance since the highly active C57BL/6 mice exhibited better performance of the radial maze task than the less active DBA/2 mice. Moreover, for correct trials, strain-dependent maze-running strategies were observed: while both strains displayed about the same percentage of clockwise and spatial strategies, it was observed that among the spatial strategies C57BL/6 used a larger number of different correct solutions. Subsequently, the effect of scopolamine administration on working memory processes was assessed in sequential and discrete trials. A different reactivity of each strain to anti-cholinergic treatment was found in discrete trials since only DBA/2 mice were impaired. The effect of scopolamine is discussed in relation to the different models of information processing involved in learning and memorizing the experimental rule. AUAmmassari-Teule M; Caprioli A EM8601 SOBehav Brain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 17(1) p9-16 MJBrain; Learning; Memory /PH; Spatial Behavior MNCholinergic Fibers /PH; Memory /DE; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Scopolamine /PD; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000111 TIGrooming reflexes and Brown-Sequard epilepsy in cats with pontile lesions. ABThe literature on the relation between the scratch reflex and Brown-Sequard epilepsy in the guinea pig indicates that the scratch reflex is a stimulus-induced myoclonus that is the first component of a complete seizure. Cats with pontile lesions and cats with frontal neocortical lesions exhibit the scratch reflex and other grooming reflexes. The grooming reflexes in cats with pontile lesions develop over a period of a year or more into complete seizures that are similar to Brown-Sequard epilepsy as described for the guinea pig by Brown-Sequard and others. Cinematographic analyses revealed that the scratch reflex in cats with pontile lesions and in cats with frontal neocortical lesions has the same frequency and the same complex spatial and temporal pattern as normal scratching behavior. In addition, the myoclonus of the complete seizures is identified as the scratch reflex, representing a very vigorous and long-lasting afterdischarge. Reconstruction of the pontile lesions indicate that the lateral and rostral portions of the paralemniscal tegmental fields were destroyed along with portions of the pontile gray and pyramidal tract. AURandall W; Randall S; Johnson RF EM8601 IDMH-15402-07; MH-15773 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p109-21 MJEpilepsy; Frontal Lobe; Grooming; Pons; Reflex, Abnormal MNBrain Diseases /PP; Brain Mapping; Cats; Epilepsy, Myoclonus /PP MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000112 TIInfluence of stress on morphine-induced hyperthermia: relevance to drug conditioning and tolerance development. ABControversy exists regarding (a) whether rats become tolerant, or sensitized, to morphine-induced hyperthermia and (b) the directionality of the conditioned pyretic effects of morphine. In these studies, stress produced by temperature-assessment procedures affected rats' pyretic response to morphine. Under conditions of high stress, rats first showed diminished, and then enhanced, hyperthermic responding across repeated morphine dosing (5 or 35 mg/kg). The diminished hyperthermia can be attributed to habituation to high levels of assessment stress. Repeated morphine doses delivered under conditions of low stress produced only enhanced hyperthermic responding, which indicates that rats become sensitized to morphine's hyperthermic effects. There was little evidence that morphine supported conditioning of pyretic responses. Finally, the temperature-assessment stress that produced hyperthermia was mediated by opiate peptides, was blocked by naloxone, and enhanced the agonist effects of morphine. The relevance of these findings to theories of drug conditioning and tolerance is discussed. AUZelman DC; Tiffany ST; Baker TB EM8601 ID1-R01-DA02729-01 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p122-44 MJConditioning, Classical; Hypothermia, Induced; Morphine; Stress MNDrug Tolerance; Handling (Psychology); Naloxone /DU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 65-29-2 (Gallamine Triethiodide); 7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7447-41-8 (lithium chloride) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000113 TIThe painlike effect of gallamine and naloxone differs from sickness induced by lithium chloride. ABIn rats, the conditioned place and taste aversions produced by 31.8 mg/kg lithium chloride were compared with those produced by 10 mg/kg gallamine in Experiment 1 and 20 mg/kg or 2.5 mg/kg naloxone in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Lithium produced stronger taste aversions than gallamine or the two doses of naloxone, but gallamine and naloxone each produced stronger place aversions than lithium. These findings support the distinction between two kinds of drug-induced aversive effects, having different associative properties. One effect, called sickness, is more associable with taste than with place cues; the second effect is, like pain, more associable with place than with taste. AULett BT EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p145-50 MJChlorides; Gallamine Triethiodide; Lithium; Naloxone; Nausea; Pain MNAssociation; Avoidance Learning; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spatial Behavior; Taste MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000114 TIEffects of paced coital stimulation on estrus duration in intact cycling rats and ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats. ABFeminine sexual behavior was examined in intact cycling rats and ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized hormone-primed rats with the use of a partitioned test cage in which the female controlled the timing of sexual contacts with males. Females received 9 or 10 intromissions in the partitioned test cage (paced) or with the partition removed (nonpaced) or received solitary exposure to the test cage or to mounts without intromission with the use of vaginal masks. Intact cycling (Experiment 1) and gonadectomized hormone-primed (Experiment 2) rats displayed similar patterns of contact with males: Exists from and latencies to return to the male compartment increased as the intensity of the antecedent coital stimulation increased (ejaculations greater than intromissions greater than mounts). Cycling females given experience with paced or nonpaced mating on the evening of proestrus did not exhibit differences in pacing behavior on a second test 17-24 days later. Those receiving paced coital stimulation showed a shorter duration of estrus than did those receiving nonpaced stimulation. Ovariectomized and ovariectomized-adrenalectomized paced rats given three successive doses of estradiol benzoate in combination with progesterone did not show shorter periods of estrus than nonpaced or mounts-only rats. These results suggest that ovarian output in response to paced cervical-vaginal stimulation may contribute to the termination of estrus in the rat. AUErskine MS EM8601 IDHD16746 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p151-61 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Copulation; Estrus; Sex Hormones MNAdrenalectomy; Estradiol /PD; Ovariectomy; Progesterone /PH; Rats; Stanolone /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000115 TIIngestive responses to homeostatic challenges in rats with ablations of the anterolateral neocortex. ABBecause rats with either anterolateral neocortical or lateral hypothalamic (LH) damage initially display similar feeding and drinking deficits and recovery patterns, the possibility that anterolateral neocortical ablations would also produce similar chronic ingestive impairments to glucoprivic and hydrational challenges was examined. In general, rats with anterolateral neocortical ablations exhibited normal feeding responses to food deprivation and glucoprivation induced by insulin or moderate doses of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), but their response to a high dose (500 mg/kg) of 2-DG was impaired. These animals also drank normally in response to hypertonic saline injections and following water deprivation, but only if food was available during the test session, results indicating that they drank prandially. Results indicate that although the anterolateral neocortex and LH are anatomically related, these brain regions appear to be functionally dissimilar in terms of the regulation of ingestion. AUGrijalva CV; Kiefer SW; Gunion MW; Cooper PH; Novin D EM8601 IDNS-07687; NS-11618 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p162-74 MJCerebral Cortex; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Homeostasis MNBody Weight; Brain Mapping; Food Deprivation /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Water-Electrolyte Balance MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000116 TIAmphetamine tolerance and body weight set point: a dose-response analysis. ABThe theory that amphetamine anorexia and tolerance reflect the lowering of a set point for body weight regulation was evaluated. In the first experiment, rats given either 2 or 4 mg/kg d-amphetamine and access to milk ultimately achieved comparable levels of tolerance and maintained their weight at 94%-96% of control levels. Thus, the level of maintained body weight was not dose-dependent. In the second experiment, increasing the doses resulted in renewed anorexia and weight loss, and the appearance of behavioral stereotypies. Whereas mean intake then recovered, body weight remained at 79%-82% of control levels. However, milk intake for individual rats was extremely variable. Such variability is inconsistent with the notion that body weight was actively regulated by caloric intake. Drug withdrawal had little further effect on intake, and it led to weight ╥rebound╙ in only one group. When subsequently retested with the original doses, both groups were again anorexic and showed more intense stereotypy. This finding suggests that drug withdrawal caused a general increase in sensitivity to amphetamine, rather than a set-point-related change in feeding. Taken together, the data do not support the set point theory of amphetamine tolerance. AUWolgin DL; Salisbury JJ EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p175-85 MJDextroamphetamine MNBody Weight; Drug Tolerance; Individuality; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000117 TIMedial temporal lesions in monkeys impair memory on a variety of tasks sensitive to human amnesia. ABMonkeys with conjoint bilateral lesions of the hippocampus and amygdala were impaired on four different tests of memory (delayed retention of object discriminations, concurrent discrimination, delayed response, and delayed nonmatching to sample). Because tests involving delays and distractions are known to be especially sensitive to human amnesia, in three of the tasks relatively long delay intervals between training and test trials were used, and in two tasks distraction was introduced during the delay intervals. The severity of the impairment increased with the length of the delay, and distraction markedly increased the memory impairment. For one task given on two occasions (delayed nonmatching to sample), the severity of the impairment was unchanged over a period of 1.5 years. Taken together with previous findings that skill learning is unimpaired in the same operated monkeys, the results of the present study strengthen the conclusion that monkeys with medial temporal lesions constitute an animal model of human amnesia. In addition, the four tasks used here appear to constitute a sensitive and appropriate battery that could be used in other studies of the neuroanatomy of memory functions in the monkey. AUZola-Morgan S; Squire LR EM8601 IDNS19063; MH24600 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p22-34 MJAmygdaloid Body; Hippocampus; Memory MNAmnesia; Brain Diseases; Brain Mapping; Disease Models, Animal; Macaca fascicularis; Retention (Psychology) /PH; Temporal Lobe MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000118 TIMemory of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with lesions in prefrontal cortex. ABIt is controversial whether damage to prefrontal cortex causes an impairment of memory. In this experiment, the tissue in sulcus principalis was removed in rhesus monkeys, and they were given 25 spatial locations to remember. They were poor at the task from the first. The same animals were able to indicate which of two locations they had touched if there was no delay before they were allowed to make their report. One possibility is that frontal mechanisms operate on information in working memory. AUPassingham RE EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p3-21 MJFrontal Lobe; Memory MNBrain Diseases /CO; Brain Mapping; Learning /PH; Macaca mulatta; Memory Disorders /ET; Space Perception /PH; Spatial Behavior /PH MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000119 TIHippocampectomy disrupts the topography of conditioned nictitating membrane responses during reversal learning. ABThe effects of bilateral hippocampectomy on the topography, or shape, of conditioned nictitating membrane (NM) responses were examined during four learning tasks: one-tone delay conditioning, unpaired extinction, two-tone discrimination, and reversal of two-tone discrimination. Results showed that hippocampal ablation altered conditioned NM response topography only during reversal learning and not during the other training paradigms. In addition, the shapes of learning curves for hippocampectomized animals were different from those of control animals during reversal conditioning but not during the other paradigms. The implications of these findings with respect to unit-recording studies of hippocampal cellular activity during classical conditioning of the NM response are discussed. AUOrr WB; Berger TW EM8601 IDMH 00343 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p35-45 MJConditioning, Eyelid; Hippocampus; Reversal Learning MNBrain Mapping; Conditioning, Classical /PH; Discrimination Learning /PH; Extinction (Psychology) /PH; Nictitating Membrane; Parietal Lobe /PH; Pitch Discrimination /PH; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000120 TISparing of patterned alternation but not partial reinforcement effect after infant and adult hippocampal lesions in the rat. ABThe effect of hippocampal lesions was assessed in patterned (single) alternation (PA) and the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE), the two reward-schedule effects that appear earliest in ontogeny. Three groups of rat pups, with appropriate controls, were tested for each effect: lesion as infant/test as infant, lesion as infant/test as adult, and lesion as adult/test as adult. Hippocampal lesions had no effect on PA in any of the three conditions except for a suggestion that the effect was mildly attenuated in the animals given lesions as infants and tested as adults: The pups were able to discriminate rewarded from nonrewarded trials and to inhibit responding on nonrewarded trials. On the other hand, the PREE was eliminated under all conditions of testing, in each case because of an increase in persistence following continuously reinforced acquisition. The results are discussed in terms of the functional maturation of the hippocampus and a possible dissociation of mechanisms that mediate response suppression in PA and in the PREE in infant rats. AULobaugh NJ; Bootin M; Amsel A EM8601 IDMH30778; HD18520 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p46-59 MJExtinction (Psychology); Hippocampus /PH; Learning; Reinforcement Schedule MNAge Factors; Animals, Newborn; Brain Mapping; Hippocampus /GD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000121 TIProactive behavioral effects of theta-driving septal stimulation on conditioned suppression and punishment in the rat. ABIn two experiments, a treatment phase of septal stimulation preceded the acquisition of free operant lever pressing on a random-interval 64-s reinforcement schedule. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, chronically implanted with a bilateral septal stimulating electrode and a unilateral bipolar hippocampal recording electrode, received (a) low-frequency (7.7-Hz) stimulation, which drove the hippocampal theta rhythm, or (b) random-pulse stimulation (average frequency = 7.7 Hz), which produced only nonregular waveforms in the hippocampus. Control animals were implanted but not stimulated. After 12 days of lever-press acquisition, animals were presented while lever pressing with an auditory signal associated with a particular schedule of shock delivery: In Experiment 1, shocks occurred despite the subject's response strategy; in Experiment 2, shocks were delivered only if the rat pressed the lever. In both experiments, lever pressing was suppressed by the auditory stimulus. Theta-driving but not random-pulse septal stimulation proactively increased behavioral tolerance to the effects of electric shock. These results reinforce the idea that proactive behavioral effects of septal stimulation are a consequence of the production of the hippocampal theta rhythm. AUHolt L; Gray JA EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p60-74 MJConditioning, Operant; Punishment; Septum Pellucidum MNBrain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Fear /PH; Frustration; Hippocampus /PH; Neural Pathways /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Theta Rhythm MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine) IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000122 TIIntraseptal scopolamine has differential effects on Pavlovian eye blink and heart rate conditioning. ABThe effects of intraseptal scopolamine hydrobromide injections on Pavlovian (classical) conditioning were evaluated, with tones used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and a periorbital electric shock train as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Eye blink (EB) and heart rate (HR) conditioned responses were concomitantly recorded. Although injections of scopolamine into the medial septum impaired the acquisition of the Pavlovian conditioned eyelid reflex, these injections enhanced the magnitude of accompanying Pavlovian conditioned HR decelerations. However, scopolamine applied to the lateral septal area had no effect on EB conditioning, relative to the vehicle, but, like medial injections, enhanced the magnitude of the accompanying HR decelerations. These results are compatible with those of previous investigations: Medial septal dysfunction impairs somatomotor conditioning but leaves autonomic conditioning intact, and septal dysfunction produces a parasympathetic bias of the cardiovascular system. AUPowell DA; Hernandez L ; Buchanan SL EM8601 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p75-87 MJConditioning, Classical /PH; Hippocampus; Scopolamine; Septum Pellucidum /PH MNBrain Mapping; Conditioning, Classical /DE; Conditioning, Eyelid /PH; Heart Rate; Rabbits; Septum Pellucidum /DE MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000123 TIAge-related disruption of trace but not delay classical conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response. ABYoung (6 months of age) and old (36-60 months) New Zealand albino rabbits underwent classical conditioning of the nictitating membrane response in either a delay conditioning (Experiment 1) or a trace conditioning (Experiment 2) paradigm. There was no difference between old and young animals in acquisition of the conditioned response in the delay paradigm, nor were there any age-related differences in generalization to the tone conditioned stimulus (CS) or in sensitivity to the tone CS or eye shock unconditioned stimulus. In the trace conditioning paradigm, however, old animals acquired the conditioned response significantly more slowly than young rabbits. Because the same stimulus parameters and the same response were used in both experiments, it is unlikely that age-related differences in trace conditioning were due to stimulus sensitivity, motivation, or fatigue. The results are discussed in terms of how brain changes that accompany aging could differentially affect these two types of classical conditioning. AUGraves CA; Solomon PR EM8601 IDMH36539-01 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p88-96 MJAging; Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Eyelid; Memory MNCholinergic Fibers /PH; Electroshock; Generalization, Stimulus /PH; Models, Biological; Nictitating Membrane; Rabbits; Sound MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0735-7044 LAEnglish JCAG4 SBM UI86000124 TIFixation of spinal reflex alterations in spinal rats by sensory nerve stimulation. ABTwo preparations in which sensory nerve stimulation was used to obtain peripherally induced spinal fixation in spinal rats are described. In the first preparation, proportionally greater amounts of persisting poststimulation flexor muscle contraction, as measured by a force displacement transducer, were produced as stimulation time was increased from 10 min to 40 min. In the second preparation, sensory nerve stimulation was delivered, and evoked whole-nerve responses were recorded from a flexor motor nerve. Results indicated that 30 min or more of sensory nerve stimulation produced increases in response amplitude and area that persisted for at least 30 min after stimulation. AUSteinmetz JE; Patterson MM EM8601 IDNS10647; NS14545 SOBehav Neurosci (United States), Feb 1985, 99(1) p97-108 MJReflex; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerves MNElectric Stimulation; Models, Neurological; Muscle Contraction; Neural Transmission; Neurons, Afferent /PH; Rats; Reaction Time /PH; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0177-3593 LAGerman JCAHC SBM UI86000125 TI[Gunther Weitzel, 10 May 1915-29 June 1984. His life, his personality and his work] AUSchneider F PSWeitzel G TT[Gunther Weitzel, 10. Mai 1915-29. Juni 1984. Leben, Personlichkeit und Werk.] EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p609-16 MNBibliography; Biochemistry /HI; Germany; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Philosophy; Physiology /HI MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.24.- (Thermolysin); 0 (amyloid fibril protein EPS); 27933-36-4 (BNPS-skatole); 83-34-1 (Skatole) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000126 TIThe amino-acid sequence of the variable region of a carbohydrate-containing amyloid fibril protein EPS (immunoglobulin light chain, type lambda). ABThe amino-acid sequence of the variable region of a carbohydrate-containing amyloid fibril protein EPS of immunoglobulin lambda light chain origin has been elucidated. The protein was isolated from the liver of a patient (EPS) with an immunocyte dyscrasia of the IgM type. The molecular mass of this protein was found to be about 20 kDa including an oligosaccharide chain linked to it. The amino-acid sequence determination involved automatic Edman degradation of polypeptides obtained after cleaving the protein with BNPS-skatole, trypsin and thermolysin. The proposed sequence of the variable region of the protein showed that it may be assigned to the V lambda I subgroup. A tryptic and a thermolysinolytic peptide both containing the carbohydrate were isolated and characterized, and the localization of an oligosaccharide chain linked to asparagine was established. AUToft KG; Sletten K; Husby G EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p617-25 MJAmyloid; Carbohydrates; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Immunoglobulins, Lambda Chain; Immunoglobulins, Light Chain MNAmino Acid Sequence; Skatole /AA /PD; Thermolysin /PD; Trypsin /PD MTHuman RN0 (lipophilin); 506-68-3 (Cyanogen Bromide) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000127 TIAmino-acid sequence of human and bovine brain myelin proteolipid protein (lipophilin) is completely conserved. ABProteolipid protein (PLP) was isolated from white matter of human brain by chloroform/methanol extraction and further purified by chromatography. Performic acid oxidation yielded a product homogeneous in NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide electrophoresis with a molecular mass of 30 kDa. The carboxymethylated PLP was chemically cleaved with cyanogen bromide into four fragments: CNBr I 22-24 kDa, CNBr II 5 kDa, CNBr III 1.4 kDa and CNBr IV 0.7 kDa. HBr/dimethylsulfoxide cleavage at tryptophan residues released four fragments: Trp I 14-16 kDa, Trp II 2.0 kDa, Trp III 5 kDa and Trp IV 7 kDa. Hydrophilic fragments were enriched in 50% formic acid (CNBr II, III, IV and Trp II and III), whereas hydrophobic peptides precipitated from this solvent were CNBr I, Trp I and IV. The fragments were separated by gel filtration with 90% formic acid as solvent and finally purified by gel permeation HPLC (Si 60 and Si 100) for automated liquid and solid-phase Edman degradation. Large fragments were further cleaved with different proteinases (trypsin, V8-proteinase, endoproteinase Lys-C and thermolysin). We used an improved strategy in the sequencing of the human proteolipid protein compared with our approach to the structural elucidation of bovine brain PLP. The amino-acid sequence of human PLP contains 276 residues, the same as found in bovine proteolipid protein. The two sequences proved to be identical. The possible importance of the conservative structure of this integral membrane protein is discussed. AUStoffel W; Giersiefen H; Hillen H; Schroeder W; Tunggal B EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p627-35 MJBrain Chemistry; Myelin Proteins; Proteolipids MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Cyanogen Bromide /PD; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.10.3.- (juglone hydroxylase); EC 1.14. (Hydroxylases); 481-39-0 (juglone); 53-84-9 (NAD) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000128 TIPurification and some properties of two isofunctional juglone hydroxylases from Pseudomonas putida J1. ABJuglone-induced cells of Pseudomonas putida J 1 were shown to contain two isofunctional juglone hydroxylases. Both enzymes were purified about 125-fold to homogeneity in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular masses of the native enzymes, as determined by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration were 59 000 Da for enzyme 1 and 56 000 Da for enzyme 2. The molecular masses of the subunits were determined by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as 25 000 Da (enzyme 1) and 23 500 Da (enzyme 2). Both enzymes hydroxylated juglone, naphthazarin, 1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, but they were completely inactive against naphtholes. The activity of both hydroxylases was not affected by chelating agents, thiol reagents, however, were found to be strong inhibitors. No external cofactors such as Fe2, NADH, NADPH, FAD, FMN were required for activity. Concomitant with the hydroxylation of juglone the consumption of oxygen in a molar ratio 2: 1 (juglone: oxygen) was observed but none of the enzymes incorporated 18O2 into the substrate juglone. By activity staining enzyme 1 was found to be present in induced and non-induced cells of P. putida J 1, enzyme 2, however, only in juglone-induced cells. AURettenmaier H; Lingens F EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p637-46 MJNaphthoquinones; Oxidoreductases; Pseudomonas MNEnzyme Induction; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxylases /AI; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; NAD /PD; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Substrate Specificity MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.3.1.- (NADH 5 alpha-reductase); 53-59-8 (NADP); 53-84-9 (NAD) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000129 TIProperties and biochemical characterization of NADH 5 alpha-reductase from rat liver microsomes. ABNADH 5 alpha-reductase is present in microsomes of various rat organs: heart and skeletal muscle, liver, adrenal glands, kidney, testes and prostate. The enzyme from rat liver microsomes utilizes B-hydrogen from the coenzyme NADH for steroid reduction. After solubilization of the enzyme with the nonionic detergent lubrol, phosphatidylcholine is necessary to restore the activity. This reactivation of the enzyme activity is paralleled by a corresponding increase of Vmax for testosterone (17 beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one). Km and Vmax for testosterone change, Km and Vmax for the coenzyme NADH remain constant with an alteration of phosphate concentration in the incubation medium. The NADH 5 alpha-reductase is inhibited by numerous substances: amytal, phenobarbital, mepacrin, thenoyltrifluoracetone, gallic acid propyl ester, dicoumarol, pentachlorophenol, NADP and antibodies against rat liver NADPH ferrihemoprotein reductase. Antibodies against rat liver cytochrome-b5 reductase cause an activation of NADH 5 alpha-reductase. AUGolf SW; Graef V; Rempeters G; Mersdorf S EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p647-53 MJMicrosomes, Liver; NAD; Oxidoreductases /AN MNAntibodies /IM; Kinetics; NADP /ME; Oxidoreductases /AI; Phosphates /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female RNEC 3.4.- (Cathepsins); EC 3.4.21.20 (cathepsin G) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000130 TIInteraction of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with human leukocyte cathepsin G. ABInteraction of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) with human leukocyte cathepsin G was assessed by proteinase inhibitory capacity assays and electrophoretic analyses. Only a part of purified alpha 1-PI formed a 1 : 1 complex (Mr = 74 000) with leukocyte cathepsin G. The formation of this complex was accompanied by the appearance of a great amount of a free, proteolytically modified form of alpha 1-PI (Mr = 50 000) which had lost its inhibitory capacity. The complex was unstable with time and the only dead end product observed was a modified, inactive form of alpha 1-PI. During the breakdown of the complex, no release of active enzyme could be measured by spectrophotometric assays. In spite of the fact that the equimolarity of the complex was convincingly demonstrated, studies of the alpha 1-PI-cathepsin G reaction showed that total inhibition of this proteinase needed a large molar excess of alpha 1-PI. Nevertheless, alpha 1-PI acts as an efficient ╥suicide inhibitor╙ since no cathepsin G recovery was ever found. AUVercaigne-Marko D; Davril M; Laine A; Hayem A EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p655-61 MJAlpha 1-Antitrypsin /PD; Cathepsins; Leukocytes MNAlpha 1-Antitrypsin /BL; Cathepsins /BL; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Spectrophotometry MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000131 TIStability and self-assembly of the S-layer protein of the cell wall of Bacillus stearothermophilus. ABThe surface layer of the cell envelope of Bacillus stearothermophilus consists of a regular array of protein subunits. As shown by dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation, the fully solubilized S-layer protein represents a homogeneous entity with a subunit molecular mass of 115 +/- 5 kDa. Solubilization of the protein may be accomplished at acid pH, or using high concentrations of urea or guanidine X HCl. It is accompanied by (partial) denaturation, thus interfering with the characterization of the protein in its unperturbed native state. Removal of the solubilizing agent by dialysis or dilution allows the S-layer to be reassembled into two-dimensional crystalline lattices identical to those observed in intact cells. To determine the kinetics of association, optimum conditions are found to be rapid mixing with 0.1 M sodium phosphate pH 7.0, 20 degrees C, final protein concentration greater than 10 micrograms/ml. If the time course of the self-assembly is monitored by light scattering, as well as by chemical cross-linking with glutardialdehyde, multiphasic kinetics with a rapid initial phase and slow consecutive processes of higher than second-order are observed. The rapid phase may be attributed to the formation of oligomeric precursors (Mr greater than 10(6) ). Concentration-dependent light scattering measurements give evidence for a ╥critical concentration╙ of association, suggesting that patches of 12-16 protein subunits fuse and recrystallize into the final (native) S-layer structure. Recrystallization tends to be complete. AUJaenicke R; Welsch R; Sara M ; Sleytr UB EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p663-70 MJBacillus stearothermophilus; Bacterial Proteins MNCell Wall /AN; Kinetics; Light; Scattering, Radiation; Temperature MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000132 TIControl of oxygen uptake, microcirculation and glucose release by circulating noradrenaline in perfused rat liver. ABThe effect of noradrenaline on oxygen uptake, on periportal and perivenous oxygen tension at surface acini, on microcirculation and on glucose output were studied in isolated rat livers perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit-hydrogen carbonate buffer containing 5mM glucose and 2mM lactate. Noradrenaline at 1 microM concentration caused a decrease in oxygen uptake, while at 0.1 microM it led to an increase. Both high and low doses of noradrenaline decreased the tissue surface oxygen tension in periportal and - after a transient rise - in perivenous areas. Noradrenaline at an overall constant flow caused an increase of portal pressure and an alteration of the intrahepatic distribution of the perfusate: at the surface of the liver and in cross sections infused trypan blue led to only a slightly heterogeneous staining after a low dose of noradrenaline but to a clearly heterogeneous staining after a high dose. Both high and low doses of noradrenaline stimulated glucose release. All effects could be inhibited by the alpha-blocking agent phentolamine. In conclusion, control of hepatic oxygen consumption by circulating noradrenaline is a complex result of opposing hemodynamic and metabolic components: the microcirculatory changes inhibit oxygen uptake; they dominate after high catecholamine doses. The metabolic effects include a stimulation of oxygen utilization; they prevail at low catecholamine levels. The noradrenergic control of glucose release is also very complex, involving direct, metabolic and indirect, hemodynamic components. AUBeckh K; Otto R; Ji S; Jungermann K EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p671-8 MJGlucose; Liver Circulation; Liver /ME; Norepinephrine; Oxygen Consumption MNBlood Pressure /DE; Liver /DE; Microcirculation /DE; Perfusion; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000133 TIMole rat hemoglobin: primary structure and evolutionary aspects in a second karyotype of Spalax ehrenbergi, Rodentia, (2n = 52). ABThe hemoglobins of the four karyotypes of Spalax ehrenbergi (2n = 52, 54, 58, 60) did not show any differences in their electrophoretic pattern and in high performance liquid chromatography. The complete amino-acid sequence of mole rat hemoglobin (Spalax ehrenbergi), chromosome species 2n = 52, is presented. It was elucidated by automatic Edman degradation of the chains, the tryptic peptides, and the C-terminal peptide obtained by acid hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond in beta-chains. The alpha- and beta-chains are identical with those of the chromosome species 2n = 60. A comparison of the hemoglobins of mole rat, mouse, and other rodents shows homology but no indication of adaptation to subterranean life. In all probability alpha 11(A9)Arg and alpha 120(H3)Gly, unique in mole rat among all mammalian hemoglobins, are not involved in high oxygen affinity. The construction of a phylogenetic tree by the maximum parsimony method, based on hemoglobin sequences, made it possible to show that Rodentia originated as a monophyletic clade, and to find the phylogenetic relationship of Spalacidae to other Rodentia (Mus, Rattus, Ondatra, Mesocricetus, Citellus, and Cavia). Among all rodents the slowest rate of nucleotide replacements occurred in the lineage to Spalax (20%) and the fastest in the lineage to Cavia (59%). AUKleinschmidt T; Nevo E; Goodman M; Braunitzer G EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p679-85 MJEvolution; Hemoglobins; Rodentia MNAmino Acid Sequence; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Karyotyping MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000134 TIStudies on cytochrome c oxidase, XII. Isolation and primary structure of polypeptide VIb from bovine heart. ABThe isolation and complete sequence analysis of the cytoplasmically synthesized polypeptide VIb from bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase is described. The protein is a stoichiometric constituent of the respiratory complex IV. Its primary structure is deduced from N-terminal sequencing and overlapping peptides obtained from tryptic cleavage and specific cleavage at arginyl and tryptophyl peptide bonds. The polypeptide chain consists of 84 amino acids from which a Mr of 9419 is derived. It has a relatively high content of histidine and proline and contains a single cysteine. A hydrophobic sequence of 20 amino acids points to a membrane-penetrating structure similar to that found in polypeptides I, II, III, IV and VIIIa, VIIIb, VIIIc of the bovine oxidase. The sequence of VIb is tissue-specific, it contributes to the formation of nuclear coded isoenzymes of cytochrome c oxidase. The protein thus may be involved in a tissue-specific regulation of cellular respiration. AUMeinecke L; Buse G EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p687-94 MJCytochrome Oxidase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Cytochrome Oxidase /IP; Molecular Weight; Myocardium /EN; Peptides /IP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9036-19-5 (Nonidet P-40) IS0177-3593 LAEnglish JCAHC SBM UI86000135 TIInsulin receptor protein rendered visible in triton X-114 membranes. ABInsulin receptor protein has been visualized by electron microscopy. This was rendered possible after the molecules had been extensively purified and had been reinserted into Triton X-114 membranes in a situation similar to that found in biological membranes. Freeze fracturing then revealed the insulin receptor molecules as particles randomly distributed in the fracture plane of the artificial membranes. The sizes of the particles are in the range expected from biochemical data. AUKopp F; Meyer HE; Reinauer H EM8601 SOBiol Chem Hoppe Seyler (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 366(7) p695-8 MJPolyethylene Glycols; Receptors, Insulin MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Freeze Fracturing; Microscopy, Electron; Swine MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (complement 3b receptor); 0 (lipocortins); 14769-73-4 (Levamisole); 15826-37-6 (Disodium Cromoglycate); 37341-29-0 (IgE); 51-45-6 (Histamine); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 53678-77-6 (Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000136 TIImmunomodulators and allergy. ABThe role played by immunomodulation in allergy is critically reviewed. The prospective mechanisms of immunomodulation, specifically including those showing relation with allergic phenomena, are taken into consideration, examining the main interfering factors. Type I, IgE-mediated immunoreaction, in its two aspects, IgE synthesis and mediator's release, is analyzed, bearing in mind some agents involved or affecting these processes, mimicking immunomodulation. Other agents, such as Corynebacterium granulosum derivatives and glucocorticoids have been also appraised, to highlight their action in this connection. AUValcurone G; Tassi GC EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p175-94 MJHypersensitivity; Immune System MNAcetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine /IM; Antibody Specificity; Antigenic Determinants /IM; Calcium Channel Blockers /PD; Calmodulin /AI; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte /DE; Cimetidine /PD; Circadian Rhythm; Corynebacterium /IM; Disodium Cromoglycate /PD; Drug Administration Schedule; Glycoproteins /IM; HLA Antigens /IM; Histamine /IM; IgE /IM; Immunoglobulins, Fc /IM; Immunotherapy; Interferons /TU; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Leukotrienes B /PD; Levamisole /TU; Macrophages /IM; Prostaglandins /PD; Ranitidine /PD; Receptors, Complement /ME; Steroids /IM; T Lymphocytes /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0021-2547 LAItalian JCAKG SBM UI86000137 TI[Comparative evaluation of the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of third generation tests by the detection of hepatitis B virus markers in the serum. I. HBsAg] ABThe authors have evaluated comparatively the diagnostic reliability of the most recent RIA and ELISA mono-polyclonal techniques for the determination of HBsAg in serum by means of in vivo and in vitro tests. Statistically, no difference has been found as regards the various methods. AUCorridori S; Gorini P; Trespi G; Baldini E; Campisi D TT[Valutazione comparativa sulla specificita e sensibilita diagnostica di alcuni tests di terza generazione per il depistage dei markers di virus epatite B nel siero. I. HBsAg.] EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p195-200 MJHepatitis B Surface Antigens; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic MNEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hepatitis B Antibodies /AN; Radioimmunoassay MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000138 TICirculating acid-labile interferon in chronic versus acute, HBV-related liver disease. A marker of immune-mediated hepatocellular damage? ABAn acid-labile Interferon was detected in the circulation of 76.1% of patients with chronic active type B hepatitis, in 30% of patients with acute type B hepatitis, studied within 15 days from starting of symptoms, and in 25% of patients with acute type B hepatitis studied 4 to 6 weeks after the admission. Patients in the third group showing evidence of circulating Interferon had also a delayed recovery and tardive HBsAg clearance. Circulating immune complexes were detected in 85.7% of patients of the first group, in 63.3% of patients of the second group, and in 25% of patients of the third group. We suggest that an acid-labile circulating Interferon could be related to immune-mediated hepatocellular damage (evidenced by circulating immune complexes) in hepatitis B virus infection, gradually disappearing during recovery from acute hepatitis or persisting indefinitely in chronic active hepatitis. AUBiglino A; Cariti G; Gioannini P EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p201-6 MJHepatitis B; Interferons; Liver MNAcute Disease; Adult; Antigen-Antibody Complex /AN; Chronic Disease; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens /AN; Hepatitis B /IM; Hepatitis, Chronic Active /BL /IM; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (Thy-1 antigen); 11028-71-0 (Concanavalin A); 446-86-6 (Azathioprine); 78922-62-0 (Thymic Factor, Circulating) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000139 TIPR8 influenza virus infection impairs serum thymic activity levels and thymus-derived immune functions in mice. ABThe levels of serum thymic activity (STA), the Thy-1.2 positivity of spleen ╥spontaneous╙ rosette-forming cells (SSRFCs) (measured in terms of Az sensitivity), as well as the blastogenic response to specific mitogens for T-lymphocytes, were studied in Balb/C mice after intranasal infection with A/PR/8/34 (HON1) influenza virus. As early as 12 hours, and more drastically, 24 hours the levels of STA were profoundly decreased after virus infection. Spleen Az sensitivity and blastogenic response of thymocytes and splenocytes to stimulation with Concanavalin A and Phytohemagglutinin, respectively, were depressed only later (day 2 or 3). These changes remain evident for about 1 week and later revert to normal values. All of the effects described are dose-dependent and appear to be virus related. Thence the PR8 virus infection initially induces a decrease of STA levels and secondly a impairment of thymus-derived immune functions. AUDel Gobbo V; Calio-Villani N ; Garaci E; Calio R EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p207-15 MJOrthomyxovirus Infections; T Lymphocytes; Thymic Factor, Circulating; Thymus Hormones MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Azathioprine /PD; Cell Division; Concanavalin A /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Orthomyxoviruses Type A; Phytohemagglutinins /PD; Rosette Formation; Spleen /DE; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000140 TIIn vitro cellular immune response in mice and rabbits immunized with Trichinella spiralis antigen. ABThe possibility of using cell mediated immune response as a diagnostic tool has been investigated with T. spiralis laboratory/model. The feasibility of a in vitro microculture method to measure blast cell activity of lymphoblasts in mice experimentally infected with T. spiralis muscle larvae or immunized with soluble crude antigen and the lymphoproliferative response in immunized rabbits was demonstrated. The obtained results suggest that the cell mediated immune response from blood lymphocytes may be very useful to diagnose early parasite infections. AUPalmas C; Conchedda M; Bortoletti G; Gabriele F EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p216-21 MJAntigens, Helminth; Trichinella; Trichinosis MNImmunity, Cellular; Immunization; Lymph Nodes /CY; Lymphocyte Transformation; Mice, Inbred C57BL /PS; Mice; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000141 TIMixed Schistosoma infection in an asymptomatic patient. ABWe report a case of a male, 26 years old Egyptian patient, who was investigated for a long-lasting hepatomegaly and altered transaminase levels. No symptom was reported. Liver biopsy and intestinal biopsy were positive for S. mansoni ova. Urine test initially showed negativity for S. haematobium ova, which only appeared with subsequent investigation, in spite of lack of urinary symptomatology. AUMorelli R; Vigano P ; Perna MC; Borzio M; Mariscotti C; Galli M; Cargnel A EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p222-5 MJLiver; Schistosomiasis Haematobia; Schistosomiasis Mansoni MNAdult; Biopsy; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma mansoni MTCase Report; Human; Male RN18683-91-5 (Ambroxol); 3572-43-8 (Bromhexine) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000144 TIEffect of ambroxol on human phagocytic cell function. ABThe in vitro effects of ambroxol on phagocytic and microbicidal activities of human neutrophils and monocytes have been studied. Preincubation of neutrophils with ambroxol (10 to 100 ng/ml) had no effect on their phagocytic or microbicidal capacities. On the other hand, when monocytes were preincubated for 24 hours with ambroxol a significant increase of their microbicidal activity was observed, without effect on the phagocytic properties. AUCapsoni F; Ongari AM; Minonzio F; Lazzarin A; Zavattini G EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p236-9 MJAmbroxol; Bromhexine MNCandida Albicans; Neutrophils /DE /IM; Phagocytosis /DE; Time Factors MTHuman; In Vitro IS0021-2547 LAItalian JCAKG SBM UI86000145 TI[Sero-epidemiological results in subjects receiving a renal transplant] ABIn this study a sero-epidemiological investigation on 127 renal allograft recipients was examined. In these patients, treated with Cyclosporine A or conventional drugs, antibody response to various antigens (Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, Varicellae/Zoster and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) was examined. The data were compared to the healthy population and dialyzed subjects. AURivanera D; Lorino G; Dessy P; Mancini C; Filadoro F; Pretagostini R; Alfani D TT[Indagine sieroepidemiologica in soggetti sottoposti a trapianto renale.] EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p240-3 MJKidney; Transplantation Immunology MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Antibody Formation; Cyclosporins /TU; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Hemodialysis; Herpesvirus Hominis /IM; Middle Age; Mycoplasma Pneumoniae /IM; Varicella-Zoster Virus /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0021-2547 LAItalian JCAKG SBM UI86000146 TI[Description of a case of type E botulism in Italy] ABThe authors report the first documented italian case of type E botulism. The initial symptoms were typical permitting prompt diagnosis; the symptoms became severe and the patient had to be moved to intensive care. Biological tests on guinea-pigs showed the presence of type E botulin toxin in the tuna (stored in oil) which the patient had eaten 24 hours prior to admission. This tuna had been caught near the mediterranean coast of Spain several months earlier and canned at home. The authors emphasize that, even though this fish was imported, there is a danger that this intoxication could, in the future, be more widely observed. AUMongiardo N; De Rienzo B; Zanchetta G; Pellegrino F; Barbieri GC; Nannetti A; Squadrini F TT[Descrizione di un caso di botulismo di tipo E in Italia.] EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p244-6 MJBotulism MNAdult; Biological Assay; Botulinum Toxins /AN; Fish Products; Food Contamination; Guinea Pigs; Tuna MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human RNEC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase) IS0021-2547 LAEnglish JCAKG SBM UI86000147 TIEpidemiological value of the gamma-glutamyltransferase test in Salmonella typhimurium. ABThe simple and rapid method of Giammanco et al. (1980) has been used for the detection of the gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) by means of a chromogenic substrate in 803 endemic and epidemic strains of Salmonella typhimurium from Southern Italy. About 20% of the strains have been proved gamma-GT negative. Both in endemic and epidemic isolates, negative and positive strains were respectively belonging to different phage types. The reported data suggest that the presence or absence of the gamma-GT in S. typhimurium is an epidemiological marker quickly and easily detectable by the described chromogenic test. AUNastasi A; Massenti MF; Pignato S EM8601 SOBoll Ist Sieroter Milan (Italy), 1985, 64(3) p247-8 MJGamma-Glutamyltransferase; Salmonella Typhimurium MNChromogenic Compounds; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiologic Methods; Salmonella Food Poisoning /DI MTHuman RN64211-45-6 (oxiconazole) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000148 TI[Treatment of vaginal candidiasis with a new imidazole derivative, oxiconazole] AUCetera C TT[Trattamento della candidiasi vaginale con un nuovo derivato imidazolico, l'oxiconazolo.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p13S-20S MJAntifungal Agents; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal; Imidazoles MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000149 TI[Characterization of plant extracts of pharmaceutical importance] AUPifferi G TT[Caratterizzazione degli estratti vegetali di interesse farmaceutico.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p157-70 MJPlant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal MCEnglish Abstract IS0006-6648 LAEnglish JCAK0 UI86000150 TIMicrobiological assay methods of some cephalosporins. AUCoppi G; Alberti D EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p171-7 MJBacteria; Cephalosporins MNMicrobial Sensitivity Tests RN73931-96-1 (denzimol) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000151 TI[HPLC method for the determination of plasma and tissue levels of denzimol hydrochloride] AUAbbiati GA; Restelli G; Graziani G; Testa R TT[Metodo in cromatografia liquida ad alta risoluzione per la determinazione dei livelli plasmatici e tissutali di denzimolo cloridrato.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p178-85 MJImidazoles MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Imidazoles /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 303-98-0 (coenzyme Q10) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000152 TI[Ubidecarenone (coenzyme Q10) in the therapy of chronic cor pulmonale] AUGini M; Schiavi M; Mazzola C TT[L'ubidecarenone (Coenzima Q10) nella terapia del cuore polmonare cronico.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p21S-28S MJPulmonary Heart Disease; Ubiquinone MNAdult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Middle Age; Ubiquinone /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 303-98-0 (coenzyme Q10) IS0006-6648 LAItalian JCAK0 UI86000153 TI[Comparison of the relative bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 in two tablet preparations. The use of coenzyme Q10 in geriatric gynecologic surgery] AUMazzari MG TT[Confronto sulla biodisponibilita relativa del Co-Q10 in due preparazioni in compresse. L'impiego del Coenzima Q10 in chirurgia ginecologica geriatrica.] EM8601 SOBoll Chim Farm (Italy), Apr 1985, 124(4) p29S-36S MJGenital Diseases, Female; Ubiquinone MNAged; Biological Availability; Middle Age; Tablets; Ubiquinone /ME /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN9007-49-2 (DNA); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000154 TI[Chromosome mapping by in situ hybridization of cloned human DNA sequences] AUPatracchini P; Calzolari E; Aiello V; Contiero MR; Del Senno L; Gambari R; Marchetti G; Bernardi F TT[Localizzazione cromosomica mediante ibridazione ╥in situ╙ di sequenze di DNA umano clonate.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p475-82 MJChromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human; Cloning, Molecular; DNA MNBase Sequence; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Thyroglobulin /GE MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000155 TI[Ultrastructural aspects of gonadotrophic cells of the rat after stimulation with acupuncture] AUBaratta L; Baratta B; Marchi F; Carretti F TT[Aspetti ultrastrutturali delle cellule gonadotrope del ratto dopo stimolazione con agopuntura.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p483-90 MJAcupuncture; Gonadotropins; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /UL MNPituitary Gland, Anterior /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN1135-24-6 (ferulic acid) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000156 TIFluorescent protein bodies in Cercis siliquastrum L. endosperm. AURiggio Bevilacqua L; Gastaldo P; Profumo P; Martinucci R EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p491-7 MJPlant Proteins; Trees MNCoumaric Acids /AN; Microscopy, Fluorescence MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN37270-94-3 (Platelet Factor 4) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000157 TIPF,VIII/vWF,B-TG and PF4 in diabetic subjects, both type 1 and 2, with and without retinopathy. AUGuastamacchia E; Di Paolo S; Santoro G; Damato A; Nardelli GM; Giorgino R EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p499-505 MJBeta Globulins; Beta-Thromboglobulin; Diabetic Retinopathy; Factor VIII; Platelet Factor 4; Von Willebrand Factor MNDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent /BL; Middle Age MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15676-16-1 (Sulpiride); 24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 24526-64-5 (Nomifensine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000159 TI[Radio-hormonal study (radioimmunoassay) in young women with functional hyperprolactinemia. 1) Analysis in basal states] AUMelloni GF; Catenazzo G; Torri A; Fiorenza AM; Melloni R; Scarazatti E TT[Studio radioormonale (R.I.A.) in giovani donne con iperprolattinemia funzionale. 1) Analisi in condizioni basali.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p515-22 MJHyperprolactinemia MNAdult; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /DU; LH /BL; Nomifensine /DU; Prolactin /BL; Radioimmunoassay; Sulpiride /DU; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone /DU; Thyrotropin /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000161 TI[Plasma variations in prolactin half-way through treatment with H2-antagonists] AUCataldo MG; Salvia A; Campisi D; Bivona A; Militello A; Rotolo G; Paterna S TT[Variazioni plasmatiche della prolattina durante trattamento a medio termine con H2-antagonisti.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p531-8 MJCimetidine; Duodenal Ulcer; Prolactin; Ranitidine MNAdult; Duodenal Ulcer /DT; Middle Age; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (digitalis receptor) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000162 TI[Radiometric analysis of digitalis receptors in intact human red cells] AUScaglianti G; Pelizzola D; Giovannini G; Valier G; Bernardoni R; Soffritti E; Piffanelli A TT[Dosaggio radiometrico dei recettori della digitale sui globuli rossi umani interi.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p539-45 MJErythrocytes; Receptors, Drug MNRadiometry MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 492-18-2 (Mersalyl) IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000163 TI[Changes induced by sulfhydryl reagents in the membrane potential of rat liver mitochondria] AUMarzulli D; Lofrumento NE TT[Modificazioni indotte dai reagenti sulfidrilici sul potenziale di membrana dei mitocondri di fegato di ratto.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p547-54 MJDiuretics, Mercurial; Ethylmaleimide; Mersalyl; Mitochondria, Liver /UL MNBiological Transport; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Phosphates /ME; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000164 TIShort term stimulation of lipogenesis by triiodothyronine in rat hepatocyte cultures. AUCocco T; Petragallo VA; Gnoni GV EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p555-62 MJLipids; Liver /ME; Triiodothyronine MNCells, Cultured; Cholesterol /BI; Fatty Acids /BI; Hypothyroidism /ME; Liver /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000165 TI[Reactivity to somatic stimuli of callosal single fibers in the awake cat] AUFranchi G; Guandalini P; Spidalieri G TT[Reattivita' a stimoli somatici di singole fibre callosali nel gatto sveglio.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p563-9 MJCorpus Callosum; Nerve Fibers; Physical Stimulation; Wakefulness MNCats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0037-8771 LAItalian JCALS UI86000166 TI[Analysis of conduction in somatosensory pathways in man] AUManca M; Cristofori MC; Tugnoli V; Bottoni M; Eleopra R; Serra G TT[Analisi della conduzione della via somatosensoriale nell'uomo.] EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p571-6 MJNeural Conduction MNAdult; Ankle /IR; Body Height; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Tibial Nerve /PH MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000167 TIA model of writing performance: evidence from a dysgraphic patient with an ╥allographic╙ writing disorder. AUDe Bastiani P; Barry C; Monetti VC; Di Palma G EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p577-82 MJHandwriting MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000168 TIA model of spelling production: evidence from phonological dysgraphia in Italian. AUDe Bastiani P; Barry C; Granieri E; Luongo L EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p583-9 MJLanguage Disorders; Phonetics MNHandwriting MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000169 TIA model of oral reading: evidence from an Italian acquired phonological dyslexic patient. AUDe Bastiani P; Barry C; Granieri E; Luongo L EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p591-8 MJDyslexia; Phonetics; Reading MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000170 TIEffect of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on brain fatty acid composition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). AUPagliarani A; Pirini M; Trigari G; Ventrella V EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p599-606 MJBrain Chemistry; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids MNFishes MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000171 TIDietary oils and oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. AUSolaini G; Maranesi M; Biagi PL EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p607-13 MJDietary Fats; Mitochondria, Liver /ME; Oils; Oxidative Phosphorylation MNAdenosine Diphosphate /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Fatty Acids /AN; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN0 (1,7-diethylguanosine); 118-00-3 (Guanosine); 759-73-9 (Ethylnitrosourea); 9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000172 TIChemical carcinogenesis. III. Ring-cleaved derivatives of 1,7-diethylguanosine in tRNA ethylated in vivo and in vitro with ethylnitrosourea. AUKanduc D; Casalino E; Liuzzi MG; Gentile VM EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p615-8 MJEthylnitrosourea; Guanosine; RNA, Transfer MNAlkylation; Guanosine /PD; Rats; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (hemoglobin Torino) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000173 TIFunctional properties of the unstable Hb-Torino: alpha 43 (CD-1) Phe-Val. AURicco G; Scaroina F; Burzio P; Bertello PD; Vietti-Ramus G; Gallione S; Gurioli L; Montinaro E EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p619-26 MJAnemia, Hemolytic; Hemoglobins, Abnormal MNAnemia, Hemolytic /FG; Heterozygote; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxyhemoglobins /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0037-8771 LAEnglish JCALS UI86000174 TIAge and/or sex differences of blood glucose and urea in school children. AUSapigni T; Castagnetti L; Franceschetti M; Artucci G; Panigada C EM8601 SOBoll Soc Ital Biol Sper (Italy), Apr 30 1985, 61(4) p627-32 MJBlood Glucose; Urea MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child; Reference Values; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000176 TIEtiopathogenic theory of ileocecocolic intussusception. ABRight hemicolectomy was done in a three and a half month old infant presenting irreductible acute intestinal intussusception. Analysis of the anatomical specimen allowed confirmation of the authors' histological theory on the genesis of infantile intussusception. Histological study demonstrated the key elements of this theory: thickness of the cecal musculosa clearly less than that of the right colon, thereby accounting for the lesser resistance of the former; contribution to the outer longitudinal muscle fibers of the ileum and colon to the constitution of the ileocecal valve commissures. These longitudinal muscle fibers did not span across the base of the ileocecal valve. AUScheye T ; Dechelotte P; Vanneuville G EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p103-6 MJIleocecal Valve; Intussusception MNColon /PA; Ileal Diseases /PA; Ileum /PA; Infant MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000177 TIUltrasonographic anatomy and physiology of the fetal kidney. ABThe aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of ultrasonography in utero to gain a better understanding of the anatomy, growth, anatomical variations and function of the fetal kidney and urinary tract. Three main topics are discussed in this paper based on the authors' personal experience and data from the literature: 1) the technique of ultrasonography in utero, including the main difficulties encountered and limitations of this technique; 2) ultrasonographic study of the morphology, growth and anatomical variations of the fetal kidney. The length of the fetal kidney was found to be the most significant parameter for assessment of its growth. At term, the kidney measures slightly more than 4 cm in length, while the renal pelvis is usually no more than 10 mm thick; 3) current knowledge of the physiology of the fetal urinary apparatus especially the kidney. Excretory function of the kidney begins in the third month of gestation and its main role involves the regulation of the amniotic fluid. AUDuval JM; Milon J; Langella B; Blouet JM; Coadou Y; Le Marec B; Vialard J EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p107-23 MJKidney /EM; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNFetal Development; Kidney /AB /AH; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Urinary Tract /AH /EM MTFemale; Human RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000178 TITubular colonic duplications. A case report and literature review. ABTubular colonic duplication is a rare abnormality. The authors report here on a patient with rather nonspecific symptoms, whose abnormality was only discovered at operation. The good results obtained by a simple operative treatment of such forms contrast with the difficulties arising in clinical and radiological diagnosis. The characteristics of tubular colonic duplication are pointed out, which set it apart from all other types of duplication. AUEspalieu P; Balique JG; Cuilleret J EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p125-30 MJColon MNBarium Sulfate /DU; Colon /RA; Enema; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000179 TIA gliding space between the femoral artery and inguinal ligament: mechanism of formation of false aneurysm. ABFalse aneurysms preferentially arise in the inguinal region subsequent to aorto-femoral bypass. This finding suggests that the position of the inguinal ligament against the anterior surface of the prosthesis may be an etiological factor. Description of the inguinal region, forming a borderline between the trunk and thigh and specific to the erect posture, has been the subject of many anatomical studies. These papers describe mainly the relations between the vascular sheath of the femoral artery, the fascia transversalis and inguinal ligament. Based on a series of anatomical dissections we have found a gliding space between the femoral artery and inguinal ligament. This finding has led us to propose section of the fibrous portion of the inguinal ligament and the insertion of free omentum between the arch of the ligament and prosthesis in order to prevent false aneurysm. Preliminary results obtained with this technique are satisfactory. AUFerdani M; Delpero JR; Courbier R EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p131-5 MJAneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Femoral Artery; Inguinal Canal; Ligaments MNAorta /SU; Femoral Artery /SU MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000180 TIRotation and forward displacement of the right kidney in hepatomegaly. ABIn a dissecting room cadaver, with an enormously enlarged liver, the right kidney was found rotated and displaced forward and downward. The anterior (inferior) pole of this kidney appeared bulging under the inferior border of the liver, reaching the anterior abdominal wall. An explanation for the changes which occurred during the development of the hepatomegaly and resulted in the displacement of the kidney are analyzed. The practical clinical implications that such a variation may have, either diagnostic or surgical, are stressed. The findings in the left kidney or an aberrant inferior polar artery, arching around and compressing the renal vein, are also described and analyzed. AUNathan H; Zerbino V EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p137-41 MJHepatomegaly; Kidney MNCadaver; Renal Artery /AH MTHuman; Male IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000181 TIA new ligament: the ╥gastro-pancreatic╙. ABThe authors wish to draw attention to the gastro-pancreatic ligament (gastropancreaticus), no description of which is to be found in the usual anatomy text-books or in literature. The presence of this anatomic element can suggest new interpretations of the embryological development of the pancreas. AUErenbourg L; Reggiani P EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p143-4 MJLigaments; Pancreas; Stomach MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000182 TIAnatomy in Britain 1985 [editorial] AUCoupland RE EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p73-4 MJAnatomy; Education, Medical MNEngland MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000183 TIClinical anatomy in France is twenty years late: a chance to be seized [editorial] AUHureau J EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p75-6 MJAnatomy; Education, Medical MNFrance MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000184 TIAnatomical study of digital compression of the vertebral artery at its origin and at the suboccipital triangle. ABManual compression of the vertebral artery is used in routine clinical practice for diagnosis of positional hemodynamic vertebro-basilar insufficiency (VBI). The supraclavicular and suboccipital areas were carefully dissected in 20 cadavers. Anatomical variations observed on dissection were compared to angiographic data from 150 patients and data from the literature. Objective results of manual compression of the vertebral artery can be obtained by sonography. In patients with VBI, such compression induces signs of reversible cerebellar or brain stem ischemia, whereas no signs are observed in patients without VBI. AUVitte E; Feron JM; Guerin-Surville H ; Koskas F EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p77-82 MJVertebral Artery; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency MNCadaver; Constriction MTHuman IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000185 TILymphaticovenous communications. Role of the lymph nodes. ABThere is a physiological necessity for the existence of lymphaticovenous communications in points other than the terminal entry of the lymphatic trunks into the superior caval system. These communications are frequently seen, as well in clinical practice as in experimentation, when there is an obstacle to the downstream lymphatic flow, but their exact nature cannot be determined. We have been able to demonstrate on the rat that such communications are established within the lymph nodes. We shall discuss the physiological importance of our findings together with a review of the literature and consider their clinical and therapeutic consequences. AUHidden G; Menard P; Zorn JY EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p83-91 MJLymph Nodes; Lymphatic System; Veins MNLymph Nodes /BS; Rats MTAnimal IS0343-6098 LAEnglish JCANC SBM UI86000186 TIRadiological anatomy of the bile ducts based on intraoperative investigation in 250 cases. ABIntraoperative cholangiograms were studied in 250 patients. Analysis of the data obtained led to the establishment of a protocol for intraoperative cholangiography aimed at identification of anatomical anomalies and variations. Diagnosis of the latter must be achieved in order to avoid possible intraoperative complications. The common hepatic duct was formed by the junction of the right and left hepatic ducts in 52% of the cases studied. Absence of convergence of the posterior and anterior rami of the right hepatic duct was found in 30% of cases. Anatomical variations of the right sectorial duct system were seen in 12% of cases. Conversely, variations of the left sectorial duct system were rarely seen (2% of cases). Careful examination of the intraoperative cholangiograms led us to suspect certain anatomical variations in close to 1% of cases. These variations included abnormal hepatocystic duct, which if undiagnosed could lead to choleperitoneum or inadvertent ligation of the right hepatic duct. An abnormal hepatocystic duct terminating on the gall bladder was found in one patient. Study of the origin of the common bile duct allowed us to define the mode of termination of the cystic duct (on the right margin of the common hepatic duct in 80% of cases) and to identify a short choledochus in 2% of cases. Finally, variations of the duodenal termination of the common bile duct were studied and reflux into the pancreatic duct was seen in 27% of cases. However, the pathological significance of such reflux was rarely found. AUHeloury Y; Leborgne J; Rogez JM; Robert R; Lehur PA; Pannier M; Barbin JY EM8601 SOAnat Clin (Germany, West), 1985, 7(2) p93-102 MJBile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Bile Ducts MNCholangiography; Common Bile Duct /AH; Hepatic Duct, Common /AH; Intraoperative Care; Pancreatic Ducts /AH MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 8002-80-0 (Gluten) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000196 TIIsolation and physicochemical and functional properties of a calcium binding gluten fraction. ABEach milligram gluten protein isolated from bread contains 0.03-0.06 mumol calcium. On theoretical grounds we have concluded that this calcium quantity is bound to the free carboxyl groups not participating in peptide bonds of dicarbonic aminoacids, especially glutaminic acid, making up a large proportion within the aminoacids of gluten. After treatment with EGTA, a well-known calcium complex forming compound, two gluten fractions can be distinguished: water-soluble gluten-ES, and gluten-EP soluble in acetic acid. The aminoacid composition of gluten-ES is similar to that of unfractionated gluten. It is rich in aminodicarbonic acid (glu), aminodicarbonic acid amide (gln) and proline. Further properties of gluten-ES are: immunological similarity to gluten; a molecular mass of 36 000 dalton; an absorption maximum at 275.6 nm; a Ca2+-binding capacity of 0.72 mumol Ca2+/mg protein as measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and by Ca2+ ion selective electrode; inhibitory effect of a small quantity (25-30 micrograms) of the compound on the Ca2+-Mg2+ dependent ATPase and Ca2+-uptake of fragmented sarcoplasmatic reticulum. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that gluten-ES has an influence on other calcium ion mediated systems like actomyosin superprecipitation. We put forward the hypothesis that by its Ca2+-binding capacity, gluten-ES is capable of influencing the level of free calcium and may thus play a part in the pathomechanism of coeliac disease. AUSzabolcs M; Nagy Z; Jeney F; Csorba S EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p101-12 MJCalcium; Gluten MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /ME; Amino Acids /ME; Bread; EGTA /PD; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gluten /ME; Rabbits; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /ME; Solubility MTAnimal RN3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000197 TIExperience based on 800,000 newborn screening tests of the Budapest Phenylketonuria Centre. AB800 000 newborns were screened for hyperphenylalaninaemia by the Guthrie-test in the Budapest PKU Centre in the 10 and a half years since 1 May, 1973. The blood samples were taken from mature newborns on the fifth and from premature babies on the fourteenth day of life. All infants exhibiting a level equal to or exceeding 12 mg/dl were telegraphically invited to the Centre and those having a level of 15 mg/dl or higher were put on an appropriate diet. The patients were classified according to the result of the phenylalanine tolerance 73 were found to have classical phenylketonuria and 15 had atypical phenylketonuria. The total incidence of phenylketonuria was thus 1: 9091. The mean age at introduction of diet was 30 +/- 15 days during the first period, while 21 +/- 11 days during the second period. Infants having an initial value of 4-12 mg/dl were kept under continuous control; among them 69 were found to have benign hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA). The PKU/HPA ratio amounted to 1.28. Both screening and care were carried out by the Centre, and the practice of care is described in detail. A preliminary evaluation of the therapeutical results with a view of the patients' social class is offered. Phenylalanine levels during the diet were greatly influenced by the familial background and the sociocultural environment. AUSzabo L ; Somogyi C; Mate M EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p113-25 MJChild Health Services; Mass Screening; Phenylketonuria /OC MNHungary; Infant, Newborn; Phenylalanine /BL; Phenylketonuria /DH MTHuman RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000198 TIInfluence of beta-receptor stimulation on catecholamine and phospholipid concentrations in lungs of fetal rabbits. ABIt was studied whether the beta-receptor stimulating fenoterol had any influence on endogenous catecholamines in the lung tissue of fetuses. On the 23rd, 27th and 31st days of pregnancy, concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in the lung homogenate of mature and immature rabbit fetuses were determined by fluorometry, and the basic surfactant components total phospholipids and lecithin by colorimetry, in a group receiving beta-mimetic treatment and in a control group receiving physiological salt solution. The concentration of noradrenaline decreased with the progression of pregnancy but the concentration of dopamine did not change significantly. Application of fenoterol caused an increase in total phospholipids and lecithin in the lungs of 23 and 27 day old rabbit fetuses and decreased the concentration of catecholamines, especially of noradrenaline. The drug had no such effect in mature (31 day) fetuses. AUUrban J; Dzienis K EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p127-32 MJDopamine; Fenoterol; Lung; Norepinephrine; Phospholipids; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNFetal Organ Maturity /DE; Lung /ME; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Pregnancy; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000199 TIBronchial hyperreactivity after infantile obstructive bronchitis. ABA follow-up study was performed on 406 patients treated for infantile obstructive bronchitis during the period between 1964 and 1973. Their mean age was 12.6 years at the time of the study. The male: female ratio was 1.7. Forty-three patients (11%) became asthmatic within 10 years after onset of the wheezy episode of infancy. In one-third of the 363 non-asthmatic children, bronchial hyperreactivity was shown by acetylcholine and histamine provocation. There was a significant correlation between the number of recurrent obstructive episodes and the length of the period of recurrent wheezing on the one hand and bronchial hyperreactivity on the other hand. AUPoder G ; Mezei G; Romhanyi I ; Veress G; Somogyvari P EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p133-8 MJAsthma; Bronchitis; Bronchi MNAdolescence; Asthma /PP; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Respiratory Sounds /ET /PP; Risk; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000200 TIEffect of oral and intravenous calcium load on glucose-induced insulin secretion in obese children. ABThe effect of intravenous (IV) (10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate) and oral (3 g calcium) calcium on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and blood glucose levels was investigated during intravenous (0.5 g/kg bwt. glucose) and oral (1.75 g/kg bwt. glucose) glucose tolerance test in 21 control (body fat 14.0 +/- 0.5%) and 34 obese (body fat 36.1 +/- 0.7%) children. Calcium given before IV glucose tolerance test and IV or oral calcium by itself did not alter blood glucose and plasma IRI concentrations in either group. Oral calcium load significantly increased the glucose-induced IRI response and decreased the blood glucose levels in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance (n = 7) compared to the levels without calcium. Since IV calcium did not alter the plasma IRI concentration, it has been assumed that oral calcium exerts its effect by influencing the secretion of an insulin secretogogue gastrointestinal factor (gastric inhibitory polypeptide ?). This effect, however, was observed only in obese children with impaired glucose tolerance. AUMolnar D ; Dober H EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p139-45 MJCalcium; Insulin /SE; Obesity MNBlood Glucose /AN; Calcium /PH; Child; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin /BL MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000201 TIChromatographic screening of 70,328 neonates for inborn errors of amino acid metabolism. ABBetween the years 1974 and 1984, amino acid chromatography was performed from dried blood spots and partly from urine of 70 328 neonates. Six cases of phenylketonuria, one histidinaemia, one hyperglycinaemia and three cystinurias were found. Since all these could have been detected by other methods, the regional screening was discontinued in agreement with international recommendations. AUMehes K ; Juhasz E ; Ruszinko V EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p147-9 MJAmino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mass Screening MNChromatography, Thin Layer; Hungary; Infant, Newborn MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000202 TICoincidence of paternal 13pYq translocation and maternal increased 13p NOR activity in a child with arthrogryposis and other malformations. ABCytogenetic examination of a boy with congenital multiple arthrogryposis, VSD and dysmorphic facies revealed a probable t(Y; 13)(q?; p1) translocation and three NOR-positive dots on one of the chromosomes 13. The latter variant could be followed in the family of the mother, the 13/Y translocation was found in the relatives of the father. Since all the family members affected by one or the other cytogenetic anomaly were healthy, the abnormal phenotype of the propositus was interpreted as coincidence by chance. AUBajnoczky K ; Meggyessy V EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p151-6 MJArthrogryposis; Chromosomes, Human, 13-15; Facial Bones; Nucleolus Organizer Region; Translocation (Genetics); Y Chromosome MNAdult; Chromosome Banding; Infant; Karyotyping; Pedigree; Phenotype; Variation (Genetics) MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000203 TIRing chromosome 4: Wolf syndrome and unspecific developmental anomalies. ABA new case of ring chromosome 4 in a 18-month-old girl is described. The patient presented extreme growth failure, psychomotor retardation, and some features of 4p deletion or Wolf syndrome. No significant loss of genetic material could be seen by G-banding technique (breakpoints p16q35). The ring was found to be unstable both in lymphocyte and fibroblast culture and a substantial proportion of aneuploid cells containing derivatives of the ring could be observed. An increased cell death-rate could be detected by cell viability determination with trypan blue in the first subculture of skin fibroblasts. It is suggested that this finding is a consequence of behavioural instability of the ring at mitosis existing probably in vivo as well. The clinical and cytogenetic findings in this patient were compared with those in the other 16 cases with ring 4 published so far. It is suggested that the phenotype in patients with this chromosomal anomaly is a mixture of phenotypic abnormalities generated by both the chromosomal deletion prior to ring formation (features of Wolf syndrome) and the behavioural instability of the ring at mitosis (unspecific developmental anomalies). AUKosztolanyi G EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p157-65 MJChromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, 4-5; Growth Disorders; Psychomotor Disorders; Ring Chromosomes MNCell Survival; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Deletion; Fibroblasts /UL; Infant; Lymphocytes /UL; Mitosis; Phenotype; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); EC 2.7.4.3 (Adenylate Kinase); EC 2.7.5.1 (Phosphoglucomutase); EC 3.1.- (esterase D); EC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase); EC 3.5.4.4 (Adenosine Deaminase); EC 4.4.1.5 (Lactoyl Glutathione Lyase) IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000204 TIErythrocyte enzyme allotypes in the X-linked recessive disorders, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and haemophilia-A hemizygotes and heterozygotes. ABThe erythrocyte enzyme-systems acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, adenosine desaminase, adenylate kinase, glyoxase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and esterase-D-isoenzyme phenotypes were studied for their percentile distribution and were compared with their incidence in the diseases with X-linked recessive heredity, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and haemophilia-A, in hemizygous male children and heterozygous mothers. Considering the frequency distribution of the above mentioned isoenzyme phenotypes of the enzyme-systems in DMD, the phenotypes proved to be homogeneous, only the X transmitted 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) isoenzyme types were found to be genetic markers in DMD hemizygotes and heterozygotes. In these genotypes the 6-PGD A phenotype showed a decrease while the phenotypes 6-PGD AB and B were significantly increased. The adenylate kinase (AK) 2-1 isoenzyme phenotype was increased to 25% against the population frequency of 6.34%, while the AK 1-1 phenotype occurred in 75% against its population frequency of 93.59%, showing a significantly decreasing tendency in haemophilia-A hemizygotes and heterozygotes. AULaszlo A ; Kosa F ; Zimanyi I ; Egyed A EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p87-96 MJEnzymes; Erythrocytes; Genes, Recessive; Hemophilia /FG; Isoenzymes; Muscular Dystrophy /FG; X Chromosome MNAcid Phosphatase /GE; Adenosine Deaminase /GE; Adenylate Kinase /GE; Alanine Aminotransferase /GE; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases /GE; Gene Frequency; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase /GE; Hemophilia /EN; Heterozygote; Lactoyl Glutathione Lyase /GE; Linkage (Genetics); Muscular Dystrophy /EN; Phenotype; Phosphoglucomutase /GE MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-6527 LAEnglish JCAPH SBM UI86000205 TISubacute sclerosing panencephalitis in twins. ABDevelopment of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after measles has been observed in twins although the disease seems to be quite exceptional in members of the same family, and no report has been found on its occurrence in twins. AUMichalowicz R; Karkowska B; Ignatowicz R; Michalkiewicz J; Wyszkowski J EM8601 SOActa Paediatr Hung (Hungary), 1985, 26(2) p97-9 MJDiseases in Twins; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis /FG MNChild; Measles /CO; Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis /ET; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000206 TI[Afferent projections to the motor cortex--a hodological review] AUMizuno N EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p529-43 MJMotor Cortex; Pyramidal Tracts MNAction Potentials; Afferent Pathways /PH; Cerebellar Nuclei /PH; Electric Stimulation; Motor Neurons /PH; Neurons, Afferent /PH; Thalamic Nuclei /PH MCReview MTAnimal IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000207 TI[Long-term follow-up study of selective VIM-thalamotomy] ABTo evaluate the effect of the physiologically defined selective Vim-thalamotomy on tremor type Parkinson's disease (PA, 26 cases) and essential tremor (ESS-T, 16 cases), a long-term follow-up study was conducted. The follow-up time extended from 4 months to 7 years (mean: 3.6 years). On 42 cases a total of 49 operations (4 bilateral surgery and 3 reoperations) were carried out. After identifying kinesthetic neuron, the coagulative lesion was made by using Leksell's apparatus between two needles of 4 mm effective tip length located with 3 mm interval including the recording point. One coagulation (unit lesion) destroyed about 20 mm3 brain tissue taking account of the mechanical damage by the needles themselves. The unit lesion was added around an imaginary cylinder of 3 mm radius, until the tremor was abolished completely. On the basis of number of unit lesion and its extent within an imaginary cylinder, these 49 operations were divided into the following group. Group I (minimal lesion group): coagulative lesion of 1 to 3 units within a quadrant of the imaginary cylinder. Group II: 3 to 5 units within 1/2 to one cylinder. The early (14 days after operation) and the late results on the tremor were evaluated clinically and electromyographically by 4 different categories: complete abolition, slight residual, residual, and recurrence in a strict sense. The late results in 13 PA cases of group I (similar to the early results) were: 10 complete abolition, 2 slight residual and one recurred, this case was reoperated 3 months after first operation and therefore categolized in group II. The late results in 11 ESS-T cases of group I were: 6 complete arrest, 4 slight residual, and one recurred case, which had been reoperated 2 years after operation. Therefore in a total of 24 minimal lesioned cases with PA and ESS-T complete abolition in 16, slight residual in 6, and 2 reoperated cases. In these successful 22 cases with minimal lesion, the tremor was abolished without noticeable long-lasting side effect. In other 20 cases with PA and ESS-T of group II, the tremor was almost completely relieved and maintained. In conclusion, by radiographically and physiologically controlled selective Vim thalamotomy for Parkinsonian and essential tremor, it was shown that the effect of minimal lesion was valid and well maintained on the long-term follow-up base. AUNagaseki Y; Shibazaki T; Hirai T; Kawashima Y; Hirato M; Wada H; Miyazaki M; Ohye C EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p545-54 MJParkinson Disease; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus MNAdult; Aged; Electrocoagulation; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Postoperative Period; Time Factors; Tremor /SU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 378-44-9 (Betamethasone); 87-78-5 (Mannitol) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000208 TI[Protective effect of radical scavengers on cerebral infarction--experimental study utilizing the spin trapping method of ESR] ABTo evaluate the scavenging effect of mannitol, vitamin E and betamethasone in cerebral ischemia, spin trapping technique was applied to the detection of the free radicals generated in ischemic brain homogenate. Thirty Wistar rats were used for this study. In the control group, the brain homogenate prepared immediately after decapitation was preserved at 37 degrees C under N2 gas. Before the preservation and at 30 min, 60 min and 120 min from the start of the preservation, two reaction mixtures containing of spin trapping reagent phenyl-t-butyl nitrone (PBN), NADPH, Fe-EDTA and brain homogenate was prepared from each brain sample--one to be incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees C in air and one to be incubated in nitrogen gas under similar condition. Then the free radical adducts of PBN were measured by electron spin resonance (ESR). In pre-treated group, mannitol, vitamin E and betamethasone were administered intravenously 30 min prior to the decapitation and spin adducts of PBN were detected by same procedures as in control group. The ESR spectra, which hyperfine coupling constants were AN = 16.0-16.6 G and AH beta = 3.0-3.8 G, were obtained from the reaction mixtures in each group. Analyses of their relative intensity in control group revealed that the formation of free radical adducts of PBN was increased dependent on the preservation period under aerobic incubation, and increased gradually for 60 min of preservation time followed by a decrease under anaerobic incubation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUTomonaga T; Imaizumi S; Yoshimoto T; Suzuki J; Fujita Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p555-60 MJBetamethasone /AN; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Infarction; Mannitol /AN; Vitamin E /AN MNBetamethasone /AD; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electron Spin Resonance; Mannitol /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vitamin E /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000209 TI[Study of adult cases of moyamoya disease] ABFifty-one adult patients with moyamoya disease were studied. Among these, thirteen cases, which had the history of cerebral ischemic attack during childhood, are classified as the cases of juvenile onset. The other thirty-eight cases were classified as those of adult onset. In most of the cases of juvenile onset, occlusive lesions also affected cortical arteries. For these cases, it is important to perform STA-MCA double anastomoses and encephalo-myo-synangiosis. Those of adult onset resembled the pathophysiology of internal carotid artery occlusion, or that of middle cerebral artery occlusion, since few cortical artery occlusion was noted, and leptomeningeal anastomosis was well developed. STA-MCA anastomosis was considered to be the treatment of choice in those of adult onset. AUMiyamoto S; Kikuchi H; Karasawa J; Nagata I EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p561-6 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Moyamoya Disease /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Cerebral Hemorrhage /ET; Cerebral Ischemia /ET; Cerebral Revascularization; Middle Age; Moyamoya Disease /CO /SU; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vertebral Artery /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN42399-41-7 (Diltiazem) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000210 TI[Effect of intravenous administration of diltiazem on cerebral blood flow and brain function] ABThe effect of intravenous administration of diltiazem on cerebral circulation and brain function were studied in animals. Diltiazem, at a dose of 150 micrograms/kg BW, was administered intravenously over a period of 5 minutes beginning 30 minutes after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery in 9 cats in order to investigate its effects in the acute stage of cerebral ischemia. In 5 animals, mean arterial blood pressure was recorded and blood flow in the basilar artery was measured transdurally by use of an ultrasonic Doppler flow-meter. Mean arterial blood pressure began to elevate immediately after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery, but the degree of elevation was minimal. It began to fall during diltiazem injection and returned to the preadministration value 30 minutes after injection. Basilar artery flow decreased slightly during injection of diltiazem, but began to increase after completion of injection. The increase relative to the preadministration value was 62 +/- 31% 10 minutes after injection, 88 +/- 38% 20 minutes after, and 24 +/- 53% 30 minutes after. The short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (short latency SEP) recorded in the other 2 animals showed no noticeable change either in amplitude or latency during the same procedures. In 1 of 2 animals in which brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were monitored, the latency of peak IV increased after ligation of the right brachiocephalic artery, and decreased 20 minutes after injection of diltiazem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKonishi T; Handa H; Moritake K; Suwa H; Takaya M; Takebe Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p567-73 MJBenzazepines; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diltiazem /PD; Evoked Potentials, Auditory MNBlood Pressure /DE; Blood Volume /DE; Cats; Diltiazem /AD; Dogs; Injections, Intravenous MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000211 TI[A sudden-death in a case of Arnold-Chiari malformation (type I) with sleep apnea] ABWe presented a sudden-death case of Arnold-Chiari malformation (type 1) accompanied with spina bifida and closed meningomyelocele. Polysomnography revealed the increase of both central and mixed type apneas to compare with the findings of typical Pickwikian syndrome. The case: 30-year-old female without obese or obstruction of upper air way. Spina bifida and closed meningomyelocele at sacral portion were found at her birth. She had no treatment and had not been able to walk because of paralysis at low extremities. Since she was 25-year-old, she had had insomnia which accompanied by choked feelings, palpitations, clumsiness of hands and anxiety. Snoring was light, and she had neither respiratory disturbances nor hypersomnia during awake. She was admitted to our hospital for treatment of decubitus. 2nd June, 1977, she was found acrocyanosis during sleep and immediately she was resurrected. Physical examinations revealed there was no accounting for sudden respiratory arrest: the cardio-pulmonary system was normal during awake and laboratory findings also failed to disclose the episode. But she had slight dysfunctions of lower cranial nerves: fine nystagmus according to the head-position, decreased gag reflex, and paresis in the recurrence nerve of N.XII and etc. Angiography showed communicating hydrocephalus. Though ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation was performed at 8th June, sleep apnea could not be improved. Therefore we examined in order to clarify her sleep apnea. She was not obese, we could not find any obstructions of upper air way. Nocturnal polygraphy was performed at 8th July. The results were summarized as follows: (1) Total sleep time was 293 minutes and numbers of sleep apnea were 134 times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUIwabuchi K; Miyauchi T; Kyuuma Y; Hosaka H; Kunimi Y; Yagishita S EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p575-81 MJArnold-Chiari Deformity; Death, Sudden; Sleep Apnea Syndromes MNAdult; Arnold-Chiari Deformity /PA; Brain /PA; Death, Sudden /PA; Meningomyelocele /CO; Sleep Apnea Syndromes /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000212 TI[Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging in a case of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis] ABA 59-year-old female of facial myokymia with multiple sclerosis was reported. In this case, facial myokymia appeared at the same time as the first attack of multiple sclerosis, in association with paroxysmal pain and desesthesia of the neck, painful tonic seizures of the right upper and lower extremities and cervical transverse myelopathy. The facial myokymia consisted of grossly visible, continuous, fine and worm-like movement, which often began in the area of the left orbicularis oculi and spread to the other facial muscles on one side. Electromyographic studies revealed grouping of motor units and continuous spontaneous rhythmic discharges in the left orbicularis oris suggesting facial myokymia, but there were no abnormalities on voluntary contraction. Sometimes doublet or multiplet patterns occurred while at other times the bursts were of single motor potential. The respective frequencies were 3-4/sec and 40-50/sec. There was no evidence of fibrillation. The facial myokymia disappeared after 4-8 weeks of administration of prednisolone and did not recur. In the remission stage after disappearance of the facial myokymia, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging by the inversion recovery method demonstrated low intensity demyelinated plaque in the left lateral tegmentum of the inferior pons, which was responsible for the facial myokymia, but X-ray computed tomography revealed no pathological findings. The demyelinated plaque demonstrated by NMR imaging seemed to be located in the infranuclear area of the facial nerve nucleus and to involve the intramedurally root.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKojima S; Yagishita T; Kita K; Hirayama K; Ikehira H; Fukuda N; Tateno Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p583-8 MJFacial Nerve Diseases; Fasciculation; Multiple Sclerosis; Neurologic Manifestations; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MNAction Potentials; Electromyography; Facial Nerve Diseases /DI /PP; Fasciculation /DI /PP; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Female; Human RN81-81-2 (Warfarin); 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000213 TI[Cerebral venous thrombosis with familial antithrombin III deficiency] ABA case of cerebral venous thrombosis with familial antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency was reported and we discussed the anticoagulant therapy of cerebral venous thrombosis from the viewpoint of AT III. The patient, a 17-year-old boy, was admitted to our clinic with severe bifrontal headache, generalized convulsions and progressive disturbance of consciousness. He developed deep vein thrombosis in his right leg and pulmonary emboli two years earlier when he was placed on heparin and so forth, followed by warfarin sodium. Warfarin was terminated 9 months prior to his recent illness. On neurological examination on admission, he was semicomatous with blurred disc margins, roving eye movements with right abducens nerve palsy, nuchal stiffness and right flaccid hemiplegia. Left carotid angiogram and CT scan revealed extensive superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, complicated with hemorrhagic infarcts in bilateral frontal lobes. When examined for coagulation studies, the patient and his father had decrease in AT III activity and antigen levels. He was treated successfully with antiedematous agents and anticonvulsants during acute phase of illness. He was thereafter placed on warfarin 5-6 mg/day with no further clinical thromboembolic event for 2 years 9 months. There was no neurological abnormality when he was last examined, although he was treated with valproic acid 1,200 mg/day and phenytoin 250 mg/day to control occasional adversive seizures. A coagulation study following infusion of 5,000 units of AT III was carried out. Warfarin was discontinued the day before the study. 0.64 U/kg of AT III administration resulted in a 1% increase in AT III level after the infusion. The biological half life of AT III was 14.4 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKomiyama A; Kawamura M; Hirayama K; Kitano K; Oh H EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p589-94 MJAntithrombin III; Sinus Thrombosis /ET MNAdolescence; Antithrombin III /TU; Sinus Thrombosis /DT /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Warfarin /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000214 TI[A case of male prolactinoma presenting extremely high serum prolactin levels and biphasic response to CB-154 suppression test] ABA 33-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Fukui Medical School with a complaint of headache. There were no neurological deficits on admission. Craniogram demonstrated a so-called ╥phantom sella╙. A computed tomography revealed a high density mass lesion and the mass was enhanced well, that mainly extended from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. The left carotid angiogram revealed an avascular mass lesion extending from the sella to the left middle cranial fossa. Pituitary function tests revealed an extremely high serum prolactin (PRL) levels (70, 100 ng/ml). PRL response to TRH was delayed in peak and the high level continued. Serum PRL levels elevated to 90, 800 ng/ml at 180 min after injection of TRH. A biphasic response was demonstrated in response to CB-154 suppression test to PRL secretion, that is, CB-154 stimulated PRL release initially (up to 90 min) and suppressed thereafter. Serum PRL levels (178, 400 ng/ml) reached to peak about 90 min after CB-154 administration. Response of growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to insulin were also impaired. Craniotomy was performed. The tumor was partially removed and was diagnosed as a prolactinoma histologically. Tumor tissue removed was subjected to the monolayer culture and electron microscopic study. Their observations demonstrated hyperactive PRL secretion of the individual cells. A total dose of 5,000 rads was irradiated postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKabuto M; Hayashi M; Kawano H; Handa Y; Kobayashi H; Ishii H; Shirasaki N EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p595-602 MJAdenoma /SE; Bromocriptine; Pituitary Neoplasms /SE; Prolactin /SE MNAdenoma /DI /RA; Adult; Pituitary Neoplasms /DI /RA; Prolactin /BL; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000215 TI[An autopsy case of hereditary ataxia (hereditary spastic ataxia)] ABAn autopsy case of hereditary spastic ataxia is reported. There are four family members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old man developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following dysarthria, scanning speech, pyramidal signs, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, nystagmus and mild sensory disturbance. The clinical course was steadily progressive and terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts, spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of hereditary spastic ataxia according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary spastic ataxia is very rare disease and only four cases have well been documented in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of nystagmus and superficial sensory disturbance, and sparing of the posterior column of the spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUYagishita S; Nakano T; Iwabuchi K; Sakai H EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p603-9 MJCerebellar Ataxia; Spinal Cord MNAdult; Brain /PA; Cerebellar Ataxia /PA; Cerebellum /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-8969 LAJapanese JCAR5 SBM UI86000216 TI[Intravascular treatment of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas] AUTaki W; Handa H; Yonekawa Y; Gen J; Suzuki M; Ikada Y EM8601 SONo To Shinkei (Japan), Jun 1985, 37(6) p612-5 MJArteriovenous Fistula /TH; Carotid Arteries; Cavernous Sinus; Embolization, Therapeutic MNAdult; Aneurysm /CO; Arteriovenous Fistula /ET /RA; Carotid Arteries /RA; Cavernous Sinus /RA; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000217 TI'Destructive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents and young adults' [letter] AUManson JD EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p36 MJPeriodontitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Periodontosis /ET MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000218 TITeething troubles [letter] AUSimmons G EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p38 MJTooth Eruption MNInfant MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000219 TIIs orthodontic screening of 9-year-old school children cost effective? AUHiles AM EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p41-5 MJMalocclusion /PC; Mass Screening; Orthodontics, Interceptive MNAdolescence; Child; Cost Benefit Analysis; Malocclusion /DI; Orthodontics, Preventive /EC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000220 TIAdvice on producing an accurate impression and working cast for construction of partial dentures. AUFaigenblum MJ EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p45-6 MJDental Impression Technic; Dental Models; Denture, Partial MNAlginates; Dental Prosthesis Design MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000221 TIA current view on patterns of extraction therapy in British health service orthodontics. AUBradbury AJ EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p47-50 MJSerial Extraction; State Medicine MNAdolescence; Adult; Bicuspid /SU; Child, Preschool; Child; Cuspid /SU; Great Britain; Patient Care Planning; Tooth, Deciduous /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000222 TIThe teaching of orthodontics to Bristol undergraduates. End of the beginning or beginning of the end? AUStephens CD EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Jul 20 1985, 159(2) p51-4 MJEducation, Dental; Orthodontics MNCurriculum; Education, Dental /TD; England; Forecasting; Orthodontics, Corrective; Time Factors MTHuman RN60-29-7 (Ether, Ethyl); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000223 TI'Negotiation of obstructed canals and bleaching of teeth' [letter] AUFerguson MM EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p102 MJEther, Ethyl; Ethyl Ethers; Hydrogen Peroxide; Tooth Bleaching MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000224 TI'Is antibiotic prophylaxis required for dental patients with joint replacements?' [letter] AUField EA; Martin MV EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p102-3 MJAntibiotics; Dental Care; Joint Prosthesis MNSepticemia /PC MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000225 TIAcquired immune deficiency syndrome presenting as recalcitrant Candida. AUBabajews A; Poswillo DE; Griffin GE EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p106-8 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /DI; Candidiasis, Oral; Gingivitis MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /CO; Adult; Candidiasis, Oral /ET; Diagnosis, Differential; Gingivitis /ET; Mouth Diseases /DI /ET; Recurrence; Ulcer /DI /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 59-46-1 (Procaine) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000226 TILocal anaesthesia in dental practice. II. A laboratory investigation of a self-aspirating system. AUMeechan JG; Blair GS; McCabe JF EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p109-13 MJAnesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local; Suction; Syringes MNLidocaine /AD; Procaine /AD; Stress, Mechanical; Suction /MT MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000227 TIDark-field microscopy of dental plaque. A clinical and laboratory evaluation. AUWilson RF; Woods A; Ashley FP EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p114-20 MJBacteria /IP; Dental Plaque MNAdult; Bacteria /CY; Microscopy /MT; Middle Age; Periodontal Diseases /MI; Spirochaetales /IP; Stains and Staining MTComparative Study; Human RN12597-68-1 (Stainless Steel) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000228 TIAcid-etching and the fracture of rubber dam clamps. AUJedynakiewicz NM; Cunningham J; Williams DF EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p121-3 MJAcid Etching, Dental; Bonding, Dental; Dentistry, Operative; Phosphoric Acids MNCorrosion; Equipment Failure; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Stainless Steel; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000229 TINicola Boissard Research Fund. First British research chair in oral biochemistry. AUHancocks SA PSBoissard N EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Aug 24 1985, 159(4) p127-8 MJBiochemistry; Dentistry; Hospitals, Teaching; Surgery, Oral MNBiochemistry /ED /HI; Education, Dental /HI; England; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; Research Support; Research MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000230 TI'Corticosteroid therapy and the dental patient' [letter] AUBanks P EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p138-9 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones /TU; Dental Care for Handicapped MNAdrenal Cortex Hormones /BL; Mouth /SU MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000231 TI'Some Asian communities in the UK and their culture' [letter] AUWilliams SA; Fairpo CG; Rowell V; Duckworth C; Ahmed I EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p139 MJAttitude to Health; Dental Care; Ethnic Groups MNAsia, Western /EH; Child, Preschool; Child; Great Britain; Infant MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000232 TI'A comparison of fibreoptic transillumination with bitewing radiographs' [letter] AURattan R EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p139-40 MJRadiography, Dental; Transillumination /MT MNFiber Optics; Transillumination /AE MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000233 TIClinical assessment of cases of tooth surface loss. AUWatson IB; Tulloch EN EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p144-8 MJTooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion MNMedical History Taking; Patient Care Planning; Physical Examination; Tooth Abrasion /TH; Tooth Erosion /TH; Vertical Dimension MTHuman RN439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000234 TIThe effectiveness of oral diazepam in anxious child dental patients. AULindsay SJ; Yates JA EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p149-53 MJAnxiety; Dental Care; Diazepam; Preanesthetic Medication MNAdministration, Oral; Adolescence; Anesthesia, Dental; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Child; Placebos MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN7681-52-9 (Sodium Hypochlorite); 77-92-9 (citric acid); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000235 TIPeriodontally involved cementum: some aspects of its management old and new. AURawlinson A EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p153-6 MJDental Cementum /PA; Periodontal Diseases /TH MNBacteria /ME; Citrates /PD; Collagen /ME; Dental Cementum /DE /MI /SU; Endotoxins /ME; Periodontal Diseases /MI /PA /PP; Scaling, Dental; Sodium Hypochlorite /PD; Tooth Root /SU MTHuman IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000236 TIAdult attitudes to dentistry among dental attenders in South Wales. AUGreen RM; Green A EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p157-60 MJAnxiety; Attitude to Health; Dental Care MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Dental Care /PX; Middle Age; Pain /PX; Sex Factors; Wales MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000237 TIComputers in the dental surgery: the patients' views. AULamey PJ; Webster G EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p161-2 MJAttitude; Computers; Practice Management, Dental MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Confidentiality; Dental Records; General Practice, Dental; Middle Age; Specialties, Dental MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0610 LAEnglish JCASW UI86000238 TIMemoirs of James Heesom (1839-1925). AUHeesom D; Heesom T PSHeesom J EM8601 SOBr Dent J (England), Sep 7 1985, 159(5) p163-4 MNDentistry; England; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin); 71-63-6 (Digitoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000239 TIDigitalis: where are we now? [editorial] AUChamberlain DA EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p227-33 MJDigitalis MNDigitalis Glycosides /AE /PD /TU; Digitoxin /BL; Digoxin /BL; Drug Interactions; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MTHuman IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000240 TIDrug treatment of heart failure. AUDollery CT; Corr L EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p234-42 MJHeart Failure, Congestive MNCardiotonic Agents /TU; Exertion; Heart Failure, Congestive /PC; Hemodynamics; Prognosis; Vasodilator Agents /TU MCReview MTHuman RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000241 TIChanging digoxin potency and cardiac mortality in England and Wales 1968-76. ABData on monthly totals of cardiac deaths in England and Wales were examined in different ways to see whether there were any unexplained fluctuations in rates both at the time of an unplanned increase in the bioavailability and therefore the potency of the Lanoxin brand of digoxin in May 1972 and also when there was a coordinated increase in the bioavailability of other brands in October 1975. Despite advice to prescribers, dosages were not proportionately reduced in the 600 000 patients who were on treatment. Monthly totals of deaths from cardiac causes were high through the summer of 1972 but not at the end of 1975 and the excess in 1972 seems to be related to a cold summer. There was no evidence of a consistent or specific effect of changes in digoxin potency, either beneficial or harmful, on deaths from all cardiac causes or in specific subgroups in which digoxin treatment was likely to be most common. Although major changes in digoxin potency in England and Wales did not seem to produce a repeatable effect on death rates, data from other countries should also be examined for evidence of such an effect. AUTunstall-Pedoe H EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p243-7 MJDigoxin; Heart Diseases /MO MNBiological Availability; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; England; Heart Diseases /DT; Seasons; Temperature; Wales MTHuman RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000242 TIRapid plasma digoxin assay in outpatients--a useful routine technique? ABIn 25 outpatients taking digoxin for chronic atrial fibrillation (established for at least six months) a prospective study identified only one case in which rapid availability of the results of a plasma digoxin assay altered the dose which had already been selected on the basis of simple clinical assessment. No patient received more than 375 micrograms digoxin per day and none showed clinical evidence of toxicity even though seven had renal impairment. Six other patients had poorly controlled ventricular rates requiring larger doses of digoxin, but even in these patients the dose could be selected on clinical grounds alone. Despite the availability of a very rapid fluorescence polarisation immunoassay for digoxin, simple but careful clinical monitoring is an adequate basis for the selection of a suitable dose in most patients taking digoxin for atrial fibrillation. AUSavill J; Mitchell M; Wood D; Krikler DM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p248-50 MJDiagnostic Tests, Routine; Digoxin MNAged; Atrial Fibrillation /BL; Fluorescence Polarization; Heart Rate; Middle Age; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Prospective Studies; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000243 TIBicentenary of An Account of the Foxglove. Historical address given at Edgbaston Parish Church, Birmingham. AUWhitfield AG PSWithering W EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p253-5 MJDigitalis MNEngland; History of Medicine, 18th Cent. MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000244 TIWithering and the foxglove: the making of a myth. AUKrikler DM PSWithering W EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p256-7 MJDigitalis MNEngland; History of Medicine, 18th Cent.; Portraits MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000245 TIPlants and cardiac glycosides. AUHollman A EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p258-61 MJCardiac Glycosides; Plants, Medicinal MNBotany; Digitalis /AN; Plants, Medicinal /AN RN20830-75-5 (Digoxin) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000246 TICultivation and breeding of Digitalis lanata in the Netherlands. ABAfter the second world war Marshall Aid funds were used to establish a cooperative organisation for growing, drying, and selling Digitalis lanata (and other medicinal, aromatic, and culinary herbs) in the Netherlands. The crop is sown in mid April and the fully mechanised harvest of the leaves takes place from September to late November. The leaves are dried for 10-12 hours at 50 degrees C maximum. The aim of breeding trials is to improve leaf production, erect leaf attitude, resistance to Septoria leaf spot and to bolting, and a higher dry matter and digoxin content. AUMastenbroek C EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p262-8 MJBreeding; Digitalis MNAgriculture /MT; Digitalis /GD /PH; Digoxin /AN; Drug Industry /EC; Netherlands; Plant Diseases; Seeds /PH IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000247 TILeft ventricular aneurysm. The Wessex experience. ABOne hundred patients with left ventricular aneurysms were operated on between February 1973 and January 1983. The principal indications for operation were left ventricular failure in 58, angina in 23, both in 17, with arrhythmia and systemic emboli accounting for one case each. Eighty five had had anterior infarction causing 82 anteroapical and three lateral aneurysms, while the remainder had had inferior infarcts resulting in 14 inferior aneurysms and one lateral aneurysm. Coronary angiography detected a single coronary lesion in 46%. Three patients had aneurysmal plication and the remainder had aneurysmectomy. Eleven mitral valve replacements were performed. Forty patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with a mean number of grafts per patients of 1.4. The early mortality was 7% with no early deaths since 1978. The actuarial five year survival was 68%, and 82% of survivors are in New York Heart Association class I or II (mean follow up three years). Left ventricular aneurysmectomy may be performed with a low operative mortality and good long term results. AUKeenan DJ; Monro JL; Ross JK; Manners JM; Conway N; Johnson AM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p269-72 MJHeart Aneurysm /SU MNAortocoronary Bypass /MO; England; Heart Aneurysm /MO; Heart Ventricle /SU; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000248 TIValvar prosthetic dysfunction. Localisation and evaluation of the dysfunction using the Doppler technique. ABThirty patients with 33 mitral or aortic prostheses or both were examined using the pulsed Doppler technique combined with cross sectional echocardiography to study the applicability of the Doppler technique in the diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of prosthetic dysfunction and to assess the ability of the mapping procedure to estimate the site and the size of the prosthetic defect. The dysfunction was valvar regurgitation in 29 instances and stenoses in eight, all of which were confirmed by invasive procedures. The severity of the dysfunction was graded on a three point scale. A control group of 73 subjects with 88 normal prostheses also underwent pulsed Doppler and cross sectional echocardiography. The pulsed Doppler study followed the usual procedure for a valvar disease including two and three dimensional mapping for regurgitation. Eight patients also underwent a continuous wave Doppler examination. The diagnostic reliability of the pulsed Doppler technique was greater than or equal to 90%. The severity of the dysfunction was accurately assessed in 86% of cases. In the case of aortic regurgitation, mapping of the jets was performed as easily for prostheses as for native regurgitant valves. In the case of mitral regurgitation, the mapping patterns depended on the cause of the dysfunction. With valvar tears, a jet was detected at the centre of the annulus, and with paravalvar leaks eccentric atrial jets were seen opposite the site of the leak. The pulsed Doppler and the surgical findings correlated well for both the site of the dysfunction (16/20 (80%) patients) and the size of the leak (13/16 (81%) patients). Thus, despite some limitations, pulsed Doppler and particularly the mapping procedure provide sufficient information to give an accurate non-invasive assessment of prosthetic valve dysfunction. AUVeyrat C; Witchitz S; Lessana A; Ameur A; Abitbol G; Kalmanson D EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p273-84 MJHeart Valve Diseases; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAortic Valve Insufficiency /PP; Aortic Valve Stenosis /PP; Aortic Valve /PP; Echocardiography; Middle Age; Mitral Valve /PP; Prosthesis Design MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000249 TIBalloon valvuloplasty and angioplasty in congenital heart disease. ABBalloon dilatation valvuloplasty was performed in 16 patients with pulmonary valve stenosis aged 10 days to 17 years. Gradients were reduced in all but two patients and were less than or equal to 20 mm Hg after the procedure in all but these two and one other. Unsatisfactory initial results in these three patients were attributed to the use of too small a balloon in one patient (gradient subsequently abolished at repeat valvuloplasty), to a dysplastic valve in a neonate, and to the fact that there had been a previous surgical valvotomy with scar tissue formation in one patient. The good result was retained in six of seven patients followed up at three to six months. In one the gradient, having been reduced from 60 to 18 mm Hg, had risen to 35 mm Hg. Repeat valvuloplasty was technically impossible in this patient, but in two others residual gradients of 24 and 22 mm Hg were reduced to 4 and 8 mm Hg respectively by repeat valvuloplasty. Balloon dilatation angioplasty was successful in dilating a severe stenosis at the lower limb of an atrial baffle (previous correction of complete transposition) and in dilating supravalvar stenosis of the pulmonary artery resulting from previous banding and debanding. Thus balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty, though still a new technique, appears to be the treatment of choice in patients with typical pulmonary stenosis and thin mobile valves. Patients with dysplastic valves may be less suitable candidates for the procedure. Balloon angioplasty is likely to have other applications, including the treatment of postoperative stenotic lesions. AUMiller GA EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p285-9 MJAngioplasty, Transluminal; Heart Defects, Congenital MNAdolescence; Angiography; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis /CN /TH MTFemale; Human; Male RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 742-20-1 (Cyclopenthiazide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 77-36-1 (Chlorthalidone) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000250 TIArrhythmogenic potential of diuretic induced hypokalaemia in patients with mild hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. ABIn view of evidence suggesting an association of mild hypokalaemia with cardiac arrhythmia, the arrhythmogenic potentials of potassium losing and potassium sparing diuretic treatments were compared in a controlled prospective crossover study of 10 patients with mild hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. Mean (SEM) plasma potassium was 4.3(0.06) mmol/l and 3.3(0.07) mmol/l after potassium sparing and potassium losing treatments respectively. Blood pressure and volume depletion as assessed by weight change, plasma renin activity, and noradrenaline concentrations did not differ significantly in the two treatment periods. The potassium losing treatment phase was associated with an increased frequency of ventricular extrasystoles, a higher Lown grading during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, prolonged duration and decreased phase 0 velocity of the monophasic action potential, a prolonged ventricular effective refractory period, and increased myocardial electrical instability as assessed by programmed ventricular stimulation. It is concluded that minor changes in plasma potassium concentration are associated with increased ventricular electrical instability in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Mild hypokalaemia in such patients may predispose to life threatening arrhythmias and should be avoided. AUStewart DE; Ikram H; Espiner EA; Nicholls MG EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p290-7 MJArrhythmia; Coronary Disease /DT; Diuretics; Hypertension /DT; Hypokalemia MNAmiloride /AE; Chlorthalidone /AE; Coronary Disease /BL; Cyclopenthiazide /AE; Hormones /BL; Hypertension /BL; Middle Age; Potassium /BL; Spironolactone /AE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000251 TIUsefulness of plasma renin activity in predicting haemodynamic and clinical responses and survival during long term converting enzyme inhibition in severe chronic heart failure. Experience in 100 consecutive patients. ABThe relation between plasma renin activity before treatment and the haemodynamic and clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibition was determined in 100 consecutive patients with severe chronic heart failure who were treated with captopril or enalapril. Initial doses of captopril produced significant increases in cardiac index and decreases in left ventricular filling pressure, mean arterial pressure, mean right atrial pressure, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance that varied linearly with the pretreatment value for plasma renin activity. In contrast, there was no relation between the pretreatment activity and the magnitude of haemodynamic improvement after 1-3 months of treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitors, and, consequently, a similar proportion of patients with a high (greater than 6 ng/ml/h; greater than 4.62 mmol/l/h), intermediate (2-6 ng/ml/h; 1.54-4.62 mmol/l/h), and low (less than 2 ng/ml/h; less than 1.54 mmol/l/h) pretreatment value improved clinically during long term treatment (64%, 60%, and 64% respectively). Long term survival after one, two, and three years was similar in the three groups. Estimating the degree of activation of the renin-angiotensin system by measuring pretreatment plasma renin activity fails to predict the long term haemodynamic or clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with severe chronic heart failure, and thus appears to be of limited value in selecting those patients likely to benefit from treatment with these drugs. AUPacker M; Medina N; Yushak M; Lee WH EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p298-304 MJHeart Failure, Congestive /DT; Hemodynamics; Kininase II; Renin MNAdult; Aged; Captopril /TU; Enalapril /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL /PP; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000252 TIEffects of enalapril in heart failure: a double blind study of effects on exercise performance, renal function, hormones, and metabolic state. ABSeveral studies have shown symptomatic and haemodynamic improvement after the introduction of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with heart failure treated with diuretics. The concomitant long term effects of the new orally effective long acting angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, enalapril, on symptoms, exercise performance, cardiac function, arrhythmias, hormones, electrolytes, body composition, and renal function have been further assessed in a placebo controlled double blind cross over trial with treatment periods of eight weeks. Twenty patients with New York Heart Association functional class II to IV heart failure who were clinically stable on digoxin and diuretic therapy were studied. Apart from the introduction of enalapril, regular treatment was not changed over the study period; no order or period effects were noted. Enalapril treatment significantly improved functional class, symptom score for breathlessness, and exercise tolerance. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower on enalapril treatment. Echocardiographic assessment indicated a reduction in left ventricular dimensions and an improvement in systolic time intervals. In response to enalapril, the plasma concentration of angiotensin II was reduced and that of active renin rose; plasma concentrations of aldosterone, vasopressin, and noradrenaline fell. There were significant increases in serum potassium and serum magnesium on enalapril. Glomerular filtration rate measured both by isotopic techniques and by creatinine clearance declined on enalapril while serum urea and creatinine rose and effective renal plasma flow increased. Body weight and total body sodium were unchanged indicating that there was no overall diuresis. There was a statistically insignificant rise in total body potassium, though the increase was related directly to pretreatment plasma renin (r = 0.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUCleland JG; Dargie HJ; Ball SG; Gillen G; Hodsman GP; Morton JJ; East BW; Robertson I; Ford I; Robertson JI EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p305-12 MJEnalapril /TU; Heart Failure, Congestive; Kininase II MNAngiotensin II /BL; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Electrolytes /BL; Enalapril /AE; Exertion /DE; Potassium /ME; Renin /BL MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-61-6 (Dopamine); 86197-47-9 (dopexamine) IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000253 TIAcute haemodynamic and metabolic effects of dopexamine, a new dopaminergic receptor agonist, in patients with chronic heart failure. ABDopexamine, a new compound with postjunctional dopamine receptor activating and beta adrenoceptor agonist properties, was given to 10 patients with chronic heart failure at diagnostic cardiac catheterisation to investigate its acute haemodynamic and metabolic effects. The drug was administered by intravenous infusion in three incremental doses and produced significant dose related increases in cardiac index, stroke volume index, and heart rate and falls in systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular end diastolic pressure; aortic and pulmonary artery pressures were unchanged. Isovolumic phase (max dP/dt and KVmax) and ejection phase (peak aortic blood velocity, maximum acceleration of blood, and maximum rate of change of power with time during ejection) indices of myocardial contractility were all increased by dopexamine but these changes were hard to interpret in the presence of an increase in heart rate. Myocardial efficiency and ejection fraction were both increased and left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic volumes fell. These largely beneficial changes were achieved without a statistically significant increase in myocardial oxygen consumption or disturbance of myocardial metabolic function. Dopexamine was well tolerated but tremor was reported by two patients at the intermediate dose and mild chest pain by two patients at the high dose. AUDawson JR; Thompson DS; Signy M; Juul SM; Turnbull P; Jenkins BS; Webb-Peploe MM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p313-20 MJDopamine; Heart Failure, Congestive; Hemodynamics MNAdult; Aged; Blood Flow Velocity /DE; Chemistry; Dopamine /AD /ME /TU; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate /DE; Middle Age; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Stroke Volume /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000254 TIRespiratory gas exchange in the assessment of patients with impaired ventricular function. ABRespiratory gas exchange on exercise was evaluated as a non-invasive method of assessing patients with heart failure. Twenty four men (age 28-72) with symptomatic chronic stable heart failure (New York Heart Association class II-III) and ten controls aged 36-70 were studied. During treadmill exercise oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured continuously by analysis of mixed expired gas with a computerised mass spectrometer. The anaerobic threshold was defined as the oxygen consumption at which carbon dioxide production increased disproportionately in relation to oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption was stable at rest and increased on exercise, reaching a steady state within three minutes of any change in workload. The measurements of maximum oxygen consumption at the end of exercise and of anaerobic threshold were reproducible (retest reliability coefficients 90% and 91% respectively). There were significant differences in maximum oxygen consumption between functional classes. Similarly, there were significant differences in anaerobic threshold between classes, though there was considerable overlap. Measurement of oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold provides an objective noninvasive assessment of patients with heart failure. AULipkin DP; Perrins J; Poole-Wilson PA EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p321-8 MJHeart Failure, Congestive; Pulmonary Gas Exchange MNAdult; Aged; Exertion; Heart Ventricle /PP; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption; Spectrum Analysis, Mass MTHuman; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000255 TIHypertrophic cardiomyopathy simulating an infiltrative myocardial disease. ABCongestive heart failure developed in a patient with low electrocardiographic QRS voltages, diffuse thickening of the septum and free cardiac wall, and a reduction in left ventricular internal diameter, which suggested an infiltrative heart muscle disease. Histological examination at necropsy showed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy. Myocardial disarray of type 1A disorganisation was extensive and equally distributed in the ventricular septum and the left anterior and left posterior ventricular free walls. Severe fibrosis (40%) was also present and may have been a possible cause of the electrocardiographic abnormalities as well as of the lack of ventricular dilatation. AUFrustaci A; Loperfido F; Pennestri F EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p329-32 MJCardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Myocardial Diseases MNAged; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic /PA; Diagnosis, Differential; Echocardiography MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000256 TIManagement of aortic left ventricular tunnel. ABA 22 year old man had a diagnosis of left ventricular aortic tunnel established during infancy. Surgical repair was deferred at that time because his severe aortic root deformity would also have required aortic valve replacement. His current lack of symptoms together with a normal exercise capacity could be used as an argument against routine early surgical repair of the tunnel, particularly when the possible need for additional aortic valve replacement is considered. AURibeiro P; Bun-Tan LB; Oakley CM EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p333-6 MJAortic Valve; Heart Defects, Congenital /TH MNAdult; Echocardiography; Heart Defects, Congenital /PP MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000257 TIRight atrial spleen. ABA large cardiac tumour occupying most of the right atrium and the right ventricle and causing inflow obstruction to the right heart was confirmed by cross sectional echocardiography in a 41 year old man. After surgical resection histological examination showed that the atrial tumour had the characteristics of splenic tissue. Possible mechanisms for the development of such a tumour include an origin analogous to that of an accessory spleen or the implantation and subsequent growth of lymphoid tissue in a pre-existing superior vena caval or high right atrial angioma. AUKuijer P; Dion R; van Merrienboer F EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p337-9 MJChoristoma; Heart Neoplasms; Spleen MNAdult; Echocardiography; Heart Atrium /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-0769 LAEnglish JCATS SBA; M UI86000258 TIEarly prenatal detection of double outlet right ventricle by echocardiography. ABA double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and right sided hypoplastic aorta was diagnosed in a 22 week fetus of a mother with diabetes mellitus. Elective termination of pregnancy was carried out and the echocardiographic findings were confirmed. Early prenatal detection of congenital heart disease may allow elective termination of pregnancy when the fetus has severe defects. AUStewart PA; Wladimiroff JW; Becker AE EM8601 SOBr Heart J (England), Sep 1985, 54(3) p340-2 MJEchocardiography; Fetal Diseases; Heart Defects, Congenital; Prenatal Diagnosis MNAdult; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular /DI; Heart Ventricle; Pregnancy in Diabetes; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000261 TIComparison of the vasoactivity of amide and ester local anaesthetics. An intradermal study. ABThe vascular effects and duration of action of two ester-linked local anaesthetics, procaine and amethocaine, and four amide-linked local anaesthetics, cinchocaine, lignocaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine, were investigated in 10 volunteers by intradermal injection using a double-blind technique. Procaine and amethocaine produced marked vasodilatation; weal formation was observed at 80% of the amethocaine injection sites. Mepivacaine had a marked vasoconstrictor effect; the other three agents produced more variable vasoactivity. Duration of action was concentration-dependent for all six drugs, the slopes of the log dose--duration plots reflecting the observed vasoactivity. AUWillatts DG; Reynolds F EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1006-11 MJAnesthetics, Local; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation MNAdult; Amides; Double-Blind Method; Esters; Intradermal Tests; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 60645-00-3 (lofentanil); 71195-58-9 (alfentanyl) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000262 TIpH-dependent accumulation of fentanyl, lofentanil and alfentanil by beating guinea pig atria. ABThe influence of the pH of the incubation medium on the cellular accumulation of tritiated fentanyl, lofentanil, and alfentanil was investigated in isolated guinea pig atria. Fentanyl and lofentanil accumulated in atrial tissue up to about 30- and 50-fold, respectively. The amount of drug bound when equilibrium was attained was found to be dependent upon the pH of the medium. By plotting binding equilibria v. pH of the bath, curves were obtained which resembled titration curves. Half-maximal binding was attained at pH values close to the pKa values of fentanyl and lofentanil. Alfentanil was found to accumulate less. The uptake by the tissue was strongly proportional to the extracellular concentration. Atria equilibrated with fentanyl at pH 8.5 released the compound rapidly when exposed to a pH of 7.0, even in the continuous presence of fentanyl in the bath. The consequences of the findings for in vivo conditions are discussed with respect to a possible augmentation of the actions of fentanyl by respiratory acidosis. AULullmann H ; Martins BS; Peters T EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1012-7 MJAnalgesics, Addictive; Fentanyl; Myocardium MNGuinea Pigs; Heart Atrium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Myocardial Contraction; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro RN26675-46-7 (Isoflurane); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000263 TIInteractions between diltiazem and isoflurane. An in vitro investigation in isolated guinea pig atria. ABMaximum force of contraction of paced, isolated guinea pig atria was measured in three groups. Atria from animals in group 1 were exposed to isoflurane for 10 min. In group 2, atria were exposed to diltiazem 35 nmol litre-1 alone and in group 3 atria were pre-treated with diltiazem 35 nmol litre-1 before exposure to isoflurane. Maximum depression of contraction was significantly greater in tissue exposed to the combination of diltiazem and isoflurane (group 3) compared with that exposed to isoflurane alone (group 1). Tissue exposed to diltiazem and isoflurane remained significantly more depressed from 15 to 30 min after the administration of isoflurane compared with the depression produced by the volatile agent alone. The results suggest that the calcium antagonist, diltiazem, may modify the effects of isoflurane on myocardial function. AUBroadbent MP; Swan PC; Jones RM EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1018-21 MJBenzazepines; Diltiazem; Heart; Isoflurane; Methyl Ethers MNDrug Synergism; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atrium; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTAnimal; Male RN6740-88-1 (Ketamine); 76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000264 TIHaemorrhage decreases the anaesthetic requirement for ketamine and thiopentone in the pig. ABThe anaesthetic requirements of ketamine and thiopentone were studied in eight pig littermates during normovolaemia and after haemorrhage (30% blood loss). Four animals received ketamine and four thiopentone, and the minimal anaesthetic doses of both drugs were determined. Moderate hypovolaemia decreased the anaesthetic requirements significantly and similarly: thiopentone 33 +/- 5%; ketamine 40 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM). AUWeiskopf RB; Bogetz MS EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1022-5 MJAnesthesia, Intravenous; Hemorrhage; Ketamine; Thiopental MNBlood Volume; Swine MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000265 TIParanasal sinusitis: a complication of nasotracheal intubation. Two case reports. ABReports are presented on two patients who developed severe paranasal sinusitis in association with prolonged nasotracheal intubation. The likely predisposing factors are discussed. AUWillatts SM; Cochrane DF EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1026-8 MJIntubation, Intratracheal; Sinusitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Nose; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN13838-16-9 (Enflurane) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000266 TIParoxysmal electroencephalographic discharges during enflurane anaesthesia in patients with a history of cerebral convulsions. ABThe electroencephalogram (EEG) was monitored through all phases of enflurane anaesthesia in dental outpatients with a history of cerebral convulsions which had been well controlled with anticonvulsant drugs. Abnormal EEG activity which differed from the background activity was observed in three patients. Their case reports are presented. AUYamashiro M; Sumitomo M; Furuya H EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1029-37 MJAnesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Convulsions; Enflurane MNAnticonvulsants /TU; Child; Convulsions /PP; Electroencephalography; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000267 TILaboratory diagnosis of malignant hyperpyrexia susceptibility (MHS). European MH Group [letter] EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1038 MJMalignant Hyperthermia MNCaffeine /DU; Disease Susceptibility; Halothane /DU MTHuman IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000268 TIDuration of fast before elective surgery [letter] AUSosis M; Goldberg M EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1038-9 MJFasting; Surgery, Operative MNGastrointestinal Contents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MTHuman RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000269 TIParacetamol kinetics and gastric emptying [letter] AUFinnegan BA; Jyn CA EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1039-40 MJAcetaminophen; Gastric Emptying; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000270 TIOral ranitidine in labour [letter] AUMacnab MS; Milne MK; Allison RH EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1040-1 MJLabor; Ranitidine MNGastrointestinal Contents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000271 TISafe anaesthetic for laparoscopy with spontaneous respiration [letter] AUBeilin B; Vatashsky E EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1041-2 MJAnesthesia, Local; Peritoneoscopy; Respiration MNSafety MTHuman RN846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000272 TIExcretion of lorazepam into breast milk [letter] AUSummerfield RJ; Nielsen MS EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1042-3 MJLorazepam; Milk, Human; Preanesthetic Medication MNInfant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Puerperium MTFemale; Human IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000273 TIFixation of extradural catheters [letter] AUCampailla A EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1043 MJCatheterization; Catheters, Indwelling MNEpidural Space MTHuman RN51-55-8 (Atropine); 57-95-4 (Tubocurarine); 59-99-4 (Neostigmine); 596-51-0 (Glycopyrrolate) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000274 TIAntagonism of neuromuscular blockade [letter] AUMillar SW; Lamb CJ; Liban JB EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1043-4 MJAtropine; Glycopyrrolate; Neostigmine; Pyrrolidines; Tubocurarine MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age MTHuman RN306-40-1 (Succinylcholine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000275 TISide effects induced by suxamethonium on the skeletal muscle and their prevention [letter] AUPlotz J ; Schreiber W EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1044-5 MJMuscles; Succinylcholine MTHuman RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 52485-79-7 (Buprenorphine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000276 TINaloxone--a strong analgesic in combination with high-dose buprenorphine [letter] AUPedersen JE; Chraemmer-Jorgensen B; Schnidt JF; Risbo A EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p1045-6 MJBuprenorphine; Morphinans; Naloxone; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Drug Interactions MTFemale; Human RN437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 52485-79-7 (Buprenorphine); 60645-00-3 (lofentanil) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000278 TIEfficacy of the extradural administration of lofentanil, buprenorphine or saline in the management of postoperative pain. A double-blind study. ABSixty postoperative orthopaedic patients were randomly assigned to three equal groups to study, in a double-blind fashion, the analgesic effects, durations of action and side effects of the extradural administration of lofentanil 5 micrograms, buprenorphine 0.3 mg or physiological saline. No systemic analgesics were given before, during or after surgery, and all the patients had operations on the lower extremities under extradural analgesia (lignocaine and bupivacaine). Eleven millilitre of the test drug was injected at T12-L1 as soon as pain occurred in the postoperative period. We observed a long duration of action and a marked analgesic effect with lofentanil, a shorter duration of action and less pain suppression with buprenorphine and a rather marked placebo effect after saline. The only side effect noticed in this study was drowsiness in three patients in the lofentanil group and in two patients in the buprenorphine group. AUBilsback P; Rolly G; Tampubolon O EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p943-8 MJAnalgesics, Addictive; Buprenorphine /TU; Fentanyl; Morphinans; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Aged; Buprenorphine /AD; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Epidural Space; Fentanyl /AD /TU; Injections; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000279 TIPostoperative analgesia with Duromorph. ABThe analgesic effects and bioavailability of a slow-release preparation of morphine (Duromorph) were studied in 12 patients with acute postoperative pain. Duromorph produced significant analgesia within 1-2 h of administration i.m., and there was a progressive decrease in the mean pain score for at least 8 h. None of the patients requested or received additional analgesia within 12 h, and the incidence of side-effects was similar to that associated with i.m. morphine. During the 8-h study, plasma concentrations of morphine slowly increased for 3 h, and then gradually declined. After 3 h, concentrations were invariably greater than those produced by conventional doses of morphine sulphate i.m. The study confirmed that Duromorph was an effective analgesic with a prolonged duration of action, which was suitable for the management of postoperative pain. AUCharway CL; Calvey TN; Williams NE; Murray GR EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p949-53 MJMorphine /TU; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Injections, Intramuscular; Middle Age; Morphine /AD /ME; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 1134-47-0 (Baclofen); 437-38-7 (Fentanyl) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000280 TIBaclofen prolongs the analgesic effect of fentanyl in man. ABPretreatment with baclofen prolonged the duration of fentanyl-induced analgesia from 18 to 30 min in patients undergoing neurosurgical anaesthesia (fentanyl plus nitrous oxide in oxygen). This observation is consistent with a potentiating effect of GABA on opioid analgesia. AUPanerai AE; Massei R; de Silva E; Sacerdote P; Monza G; Mantegazza P EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p954-5 MJAnesthesia, General; Baclofen /PD; Fentanyl MNAdult; Baclofen /AD; Drug Synergism; Hypophysectomy; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Middle Age; Nitrous Oxide; Preanesthetic Medication MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN51-55-8 (Atropine); 59-99-4 (Neostigmine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000281 TIEvaluation of the combined effects of atropine and neostigmine on the lower oesophageal sphincter. ABThe effects, on the lower oesophageal sphincter, of the simultaneous administration of atropine and neostigmine were studied in 10 healthy patients undergoing gynaecological surgery. Atropine 1.2 mg and neostigmine 2.5 mg were given to antagonize neuromuscular blockade at the termination of surgery. For the succeeding 15-20 min, frequent measurements of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) were made whilst anaesthesia was maintained. It was demonstrated that this drug combination resulted in a significant decrease in LOSP initially, but that this potentially deleterious effect was transient in nature. AUTurner DA; Smith G EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p956-9 MJAtropine; Esophagogastric Junction; Neostigmine MNDrug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Pressure; Time Factors MTFemale; Human RN2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 94-24-6 (Tetracaine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000282 TIA double-blind study of motor blockade in the lower limbs. Studies during spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric and glucose-free 0.5% bupivacaine. ABSensory and motor blockade were studied double-blind during spinal anaesthesia in 20 urology patients who received 0.5% bupivacaine solution 4 ml with or without glucose. Using a new method for determining muscle strength, motor blockade during anaesthesia was recorded quantitatively for flexion of the hip, extension of the knee and plantar flexion of the big toe. Movements of the lower part of the thoracic cage were recorded at the same time. Complete motor blockade of longer duration was observed for all three movements following the administration of the glucose-free solution compared with the solution containing glucose. During the regression phase, the muscle strength returned significantly later (knee extension and hip flexion) when glucose-free bupivacaine solution was given. There was no significant difference between the two anaesthetic solutions regarding plantar flexion of the big toe during this phase. For hip flexion (L1-L3) there was no noteworthy difference between the levels of analgesia and the motor blockade, whereas for plantar flexion of the big toe (L5-S2) the level of analgesia was 2-3 segments higher than the level of motor blockade. Thoracic movements (maximal inspiration to normal expiration) did not appear to be notably influenced by the level of analgesia. Complete regression of motor blockade was not observed for any of the movements at grade O of a modified Bromage scale. Not until 1.5-2 h after the attainment of this grade was the muscle strength of all movements restored (90% of control value). AUAxelsson KH; Widman GB; Sundberg AE; Hallgren S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p960-70 MJAnesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Nerve Block MNAged; Biomechanics; Bupivacaine /AD /PD; Double-Blind Method; Glucose; Middle Age; Motor Neurons /DE; Muscles /PH; Neurons, Afferent /DE; Specific Gravity; Tetracaine /PD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 94-24-6 (Tetracaine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000283 TISpinal anaesthesia with 0.75% bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine in 5% glucose. ABThree millititre of 0.75% plain bupivacaine and 0.5% amethocaine 3 ml in 5% glucose were used for spinal anaesthesia and compared in a double-blind study of 20 patients undergoing urological surgery. The onset time to maximum cephalad spread of sensory analgesia was approximately 45 min for bupivacaine and approximately 30 min in the amethocaine group (ns). The mean maximum spread of sensory analgesia was similar for both agents: T6-7 180 min after injection, although the cephalad spread of sensory analgesia with bupivacaine persisted for longer at a significantly higher level than that of amethocaine. Duration of sensory analgesia was significantly longer in the bupivacaine group from S3 to S5 and from T12 to L2 levels. Onset time to complete motor blockade of the lower limbs was similar for both agents. Nine of 10 bupivacaine patients and seven of the 10 patients receiving amethocaine had complete motor blockade of the lower limbs. Duration of motor blockade was significantly longer for all degrees in the bupivacaine group. AUMarstrand T; Sorensen M; Andersen S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p971-5 MJAnesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Tetracaine MNAged; Bupivacaine /PD; Glucose /PD; Hemodynamics /DE; Motor Neurons /DE; Nerve Block; Tetracaine /PD; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN511-12-6 (Dihydroergotamine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000284 TIDihydroergotamine in the prevention of hypotension associated with extradural anaesthesia. ABThe efficacy of a single dose of dihydroergotamine (DHE) 0.5 mg i.v. in preventing the decrease in arterial pressure resulting from extradural anaesthesia was studied in 47 patients; 24 received DHE and 23 a placebo, in a randomized double-blind manner. Although the decrease in systolic arterial pressure was more pronounced in the placebo group than in the DHE group, the difference was not significant. Diastolic and mean arterial pressures were both significantly lower in the placebo group than in the DHE group during the initial phase of extradural anaesthesia. Administration of DHE did not cause any significant changes in heart rate. In both groups the heart rate decreased significantly during the 5-h period following the induction of extradural anaesthesia. The patients in the placebo group needed additional medication to increase unacceptably low arterial pressures or heart rate more frequently than the patients in the DHE group. AUMattila M; Hannonen P; Puttonen E; Lappalainen S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p976-82 MJAnesthesia, Epidural; Dihydroergotamine; Hypotension MNAdolescence; Adult; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Intraoperative Complications /PC; Middle Age; Preanesthetic Medication MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000285 TIThermoregulatory responses to cooling in patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia. ABThe influence of 1 h of surface cooling on body temperature, variables which contribute to thermoregulation and selected hormones and metabolites has been investigated in seven patients susceptible to malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) and in seven matched control subjects. Cooling was achieved using a liquid conditioned coverall worn next to the skin. Skin temperature decreased similarly in both groups of subjects. Heat production increased in both groups, with a slightly higher heat production being seen in the MH group. Core temperature increased in both groups of subjects at the start of the cooling period, with a significantly greater increase occurring in the MH group (control: + 0.13 +/- 0.13; MH: + 0.28 +/- 0.10 degrees C, P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma lactate, or pyruvate concentrations. Plasma glucose concentrations were lower in the control group; after 30 min of cooling plasma glucose was 4.25 +/- 0.37 mmol litre-1 in the control group and 5.34 +/- 0.21 mmol litre-1 in the MH group (P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in plasma thyroxine or adrenaline concentrations. Plasma noradrenaline increased in both groups of subjects. The increase in plasma noradrenaline of the MH patients was greater than in most of the control subjects. AUAyling JH; Ellis FR; Halsall PJ; Currie S EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p983-90 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Cold; Malignant Hyperthermia /PP MNAdolescence; Adult; Body Temperature; Disease Susceptibility; Malignant Hyperthermia /BL; Skin Temperature MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000286 TIMicrocalorimetric studies in malignant hyperpyrexia susceptible individuals. ABIn an attempt to develop a diagnostic test for malignant hyperpyrexia (MH) without the need for open muscle biopsy, we have investigated the change in heat production brought about when platelets and muscle are exposed to halothane and caffeine. Halothane 3% caused platelet aggregation, which was itself associated with heat production. Caffeine 4 mmol litre-1 decreased heat production in platelets from both MH susceptible and non-susceptible individuals. Muscle exposed to 4% halothane showed an increase in heat production in both types of tissue. There were no significant differences in heat production between MH-susceptible and non-susceptible tissue in any of the tests. AURanklev E; Monti M; Fletcher R EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p991-3 MJCalorimetry; Malignant Hyperthermia MNBlood Platelets /DE; Body Temperature Regulation /DE; Caffeine /DU; Disease Susceptibility; Halothane /DU; Muscles /DE MTHuman; In Vitro RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem); 58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000287 TIDiltiazem inhibits halothane-induced contractions in malignant hyperthermia-susceptible muscles in vitro. ABThe ability of diltiazem to suppress halothane and halothane-caffeine induced contractures in malignant hyperthermia (MH) susceptible pig muscle, was tested in vitro. Muscle specimens were divided into two groups and tested with a modified halothane-caffeine contracture test. One group acted as the control; the other group was pretreated with diltiazem 20 mumol litre-1. The control muscles developed contractures attributable to halothane and halothane-caffeine, whereas the diltiazem-treated specimens did not. Increases in muscle twitch tension as a result of halothane or halothane-caffeine exposure occurred in treated and untreated specimens, but were significantly delayed in the presence of diltiazem. Muscle exhaustion observed after halothane and halothane-caffeine exposure in the control specimens did not occur in the diltiazem treated muscles. AUIlias WK; Williams CH; Fulfer RT; Dozier SE EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p994-6 MJBenzazepines; Diltiazem; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscle Contraction MNCaffeine /PD; Depression, Chemical; Disease Susceptibility; Halothane /PD; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro RN0 (EMLA); 137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 721-50-6 (Prilocaine) IS0007-0912 LAEnglish JCAUO SBM UI86000288 TIDermal effects of compositions based on the eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine (EMLA). Studies in volunteers. ABThe effects of the cutaneous application of EMLA cream (a eutectic mixture of lignocaine and prilocaine in their base form) were studied in volunteers. When tested by pin-prick, EMLA cream 2.5% and 5% produced analgesia of the area tested, the cream being most effective if left in contact with the skin for 60 min. The pain produced by the insertion of an i.v. cannula was successfully blocked by the application of this formulation, especially if applied to the antecubital area. Temporary blanching of the skin areas was frequently observed on removal of the occlusive tape bandages, but prolonged, or repeated, application of 5% EMLA cream did not produce local skin reactions. Tests for delayed hypersensitivity reactions were negative. Plasma concentrations of lignocaine and prilocaine were low after a standard application. AUEvers H; von Dardel O; Juhlin L; Ohlsen L ; Vinnars E EM8601 SOBr J Anaesth (England), Oct 1985, 57(10) p997-1005 MJAnesthetics, Local; Lidocaine /PD; Prilocaine /PD; Skin MNAdministration, Topical; Adult; Drug Combinations /AD /AE /PD; Lidocaine /AD /AE /BL; Prilocaine /AD /AE /BL; Time Factors; Viscosity MTFemale; Human; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000311 TIVerapamil pharmacokinetics and apparent hepatic and renal blood flow. ABThe effect of acute and continued administration of verapamil on pharmacokinetics and regional blood flow has been studied in eight normotensive subjects. Continued administration resulted in a significant decrease in verapamil clearance, compared to that following acute dosing, as assessed by increases in both terminal elimination half-life (from a mean +/- s.d. of 5.2 +/- 2.3 h to 6.7 +/- 2.0 h) and AUC (from a mean +/- s.d. of 800 +/- 353 ng ml-1 h to 1455 +/- 244 ng ml-1 h). The relative clearance of norverapamil was not changed. Acute administration of verapamil resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.005) in apparent liver blood flow which with continued administration fell significantly (P less than 0.01) towards placebo values. Effective renal plasma flow similarly increased with acute verapamil administration (P less than 0.05) and with chronic administration reduced again to be not significantly different from placebo. Acute and chronic verapamil administration did not significantly alter glomerular filtration rates. These results suggest that there may be a relationship between the acute increase in liver blood flow and the relatively increased clearance of verapamil following acute dosing. AUMeredith PA; Elliott HL; Pasanisi F; Kelman AW; Sumner DJ; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p101-6 MJLiver Circulation; Renal Circulation; Verapamil /PD MNAdult; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Verapamil /ME MTHuman; Male RN1088-11-5 (Demethyldiazepam); 439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000313 TIResponsiveness to oral diazepam in the elderly: relationship to total and free plasma concentrations. ABThe immediate and residual response to single doses of oral diazepam 10 mg was measured in 11 young and 12 elderly healthy volunteers using postural sway, digit symbol substitution scores and subjective ratings. The effect on postural sway was markedly accentuated in the older volunteers, but the difference between groups in the effect on the other measures used did not achieve significance. The corresponding plasma total diazepam concentrations were lower in the older subjects beyond 0.5 h post dose and the concentrations of plasma desmethyldiazepam did not differ between the groups. Diazepam plasma protein binding was significantly reduced in the elderly subjects, but the plasma free (unbound) diazepam concentrations did not exceed those in the young group. There was poor correlation between the responses measured and the concentrations of either total diazepam, desmethyldiazepam or free diazepam. The results suggest the occurrence of a non-uniform effect of age on different aspects of benzodiazepine response, and that where an accentuated effect occurs the mechanisms are substantially pharmacodynamic. AUSwift CG; Ewen JM; Clarke P; Stevenson IH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p111-8 MJDiazepam /PD MNAdult; Aged; Aging; Demethyldiazepam /BL; Diazepam /AD /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Posture /DE; Protein Binding; Psychomotor Performance /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN61197-73-7 (triazulenone) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000314 TISingle dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral loprazolam in the elderly. ABThe pharmacokinetics of the benzodiazepine hypnotic, loprazolam (1.0 mg orally), and the pharmacodynamic response to single oral doses (0.5 mg and 1.0 mg) have been compared in young and elderly healthy volunteers. No difference between the groups in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) or in the time to peak (tmax) was found, but the elimination half-life t1/2,z and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were significantly greater in the elderly group. The immediate effects of loprazolam on all three performance tests used (postural sway, critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) and choice reaction time (CRT] and on subjective sedation tended to be more pronounced in the elderly subjects, though intersubject variability in response was high in both groups. The corresponding plasma concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. The higher (1.0 mg) dosage was associated with significant residual (11 h) impairment of standing steadiness in the elderly subjects. No other hangover effects were observed. The results are compatible with previous evidence of increased 'sensitivity' to benzodiazepines in the elderly and suggest that a lower (0.5 mg) starting dose of loprazolam would be appropriate for older recipients. Further investigation would be necessary to establish whether clinically relevant accumulation of loprazolam occurs in the elderly following repeated dosage. AUSwift CG; Swift MR; Ankier SI; Pidgen A; Robinson J EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p119-28 MJBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers; Benzodiazepinones MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aging; Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers /PD; Benzodiazepinones /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flicker Fusion /DE; Half-Life; Kinetics; Posture /DE; Reaction Time /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 60-80-0 (Antipyrine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000315 TIAnticonvulsant therapy and cortisol elimination. ABThe effect of anticonvulsant therapy on early morning concentration of cortisol in saliva and plasma was assessed in a group of epileptic patients receiving regular phenytoin medication and the results compared with those obtained from a group of normal subjects not receiving drug therapy. Values of cortisol in matched samples of plasma (331 +/- 23 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 6) and saliva (11.4 +/- 0.9 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 9) provided by epileptics did not differ significantly from those in the plasma (334 +/- 41 nmol l-1, mean +/- s.e. mean) and saliva (12.0 +/- 2.0 nmol-1, mean +/- s.e. mean) of healthy volunteers (n = 12). Six anticonvulsant-treated epileptics, together with six age and sex matched normal volunteers, each received intravenous dexamethasone (1 mg h-1) to determine the half-life of cortisol in plasma and saliva. In the anticonvulsant-treated group, the half-life of cortisol in plasma (73 +/- 5 min, mean +/- s.e. mean) and saliva (83 +/- 5 min, mean +/- s.e. mean) was reduced significantly (P less than 0.01 plasma, P less than 0.05 saliva) from that observed in healthy volunteers. In patients, the half life of cortisol and antipyrine showed a significant correlation (r2 = 0.75, P less than 0.05 plasma, r2 = 0.71, P less than 0.05 saliva). The antipyrine half-life in saliva was reduced significantly (P less than 0.02) and the antipyrine clearance rate, increased significantly (P less than 0.005) in the treated epileptic group, reflecting drug-induced microsomal enzyme production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUEvans PJ; Walker RF; Peters JR; Dyas J; Riad-Fahmy D; Thomas JP; Rimmer E; Tsanaclis L; Scanlon MF EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p129-32 MJAnticonvulsants; Hydrocortisone /ME; Saliva MNAdult; Antipyrine /ME; Dexamethasone /DU; Hydrocortisone /BL; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Age; Phenytoin /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RN5534-95-2 (Pentagastrin); 78442-39-4 (L 643441) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000316 TIL-643.441: an H2-receptor antagonist with potent and long-lasting effects in man. ABSubmaximal dose pentagastrin tests conducted in normal male volunteers with L-643.441, a novel histamine H2-receptor antagonist, indicate that it is a potent and long-acting inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. The effect appears dose-dependent and single doses of 50 mg are sufficient to reduce secretory potential by at least 50% when examined 24 h after drug administration. No adverse effects attributable to treatment were observed. AUHenry DA; Somerville KW; Kitchingman GK; Holmes IB; Tobert JA; Langman MJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p133-6 MJGastric Acid; Histamine H2 Receptor Blockaders; Thiadiazoles MNAdult; Chemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Pentagastrin /AI; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RNEC 3.4.23.1 (Pepsin); 73590-58-6 (omeprazole) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000317 TIAntisecretory effect and oral pharmacokinetics following low dose omeprazole in man. ABThe effects of single and repeated doses of omeprazole 10 mg on gastric secretion were studied in a group of six healthy subjects. Single doses had no significant effect on basal or stimulated acid output. After 7 days of treatment, there was a 93.1% reduction in basal acid output (P less than 0.02) and a 66.5% reduction in stimulated output (P less than 0.01). Pepsin output was not affected. Systemic availability of omeprazole, as reflected in the AUC, increased significantly (P less than 0.05) with repeated dosing. Low doses of omeprazole can produce substantial reductions in acid output after repeated dosing. AUHowden CW; Forrest JA; Meredith PA; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p137-9 MJBenzimidazoles /PD; Gastric Acid MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Benzimidazoles /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Kinetics; Pepsin /SE MTHuman; Male RN60560-33-0 (pinacidil) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000318 TIThe effects of long-acting pinacidil on intra-arterial blood pressure. ABWe have tested the efficacy of a new long-acting preparation of pinacidil, an arterial vasodilator, using continuous intra-arterial ambulatory blood pressure recording. An acute dose produced a measurable effect lasting for 12 h. The duration of this effect was less during chronic twice daily drug administration. Side effects were common, causing two out of nine patients to withdraw from the study. Tilt testing produced no postural hypotension and there was no evidence of rebound hypertension on the withdrawal day. AUCaruana MP; Al-Khawaja I; Royston P; Raftery EB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p140-3 MJAntihypertensive Agents /PD; Blood Pressure; Guanidines /PD MNAntihypertensive Agents /AD /AE; Delayed-Action Preparations; Guanidines /AD /AE; Hypertension /PP; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000319 TIEffects of long-acting propranolol on blood pressure and heart rate in hypertensive Chinese. ABIn a double-blind, balanced and randomised study we used treadmill exercise to assess the effects of long-acting propranolol (LA propranolol) 160 or 320 mg or placebo, given once daily for 4 weeks, on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in 15 Chinese subjects with mild primary hypertension (PHT). We used 24 h ECG monitoring to assess drug effects on HR. Another 18 patients were similarly assessed without exercise. Steady-state plasma propranolol concentrations after LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg were comparable to those after ordinary propranolol 80 and 160 mg daily measured in 11 and 12 separate patients. LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg reduced HR and BP before and during vigorous exercise. LA propranolol 160 and 320 mg reduced HR for 17.6 and 21.4 h of the day, and 320 mg significantly reduced the mean 24 h HR, and the mean maximum HR. The drug effects on BP and HR, and the average plasma propranolol levels after LA propranolol were similar to those reported in European subjects. AUOh VM; Chia BL; Taylor EA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p144-7 MJBlood Pressure; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Propranolol /TU MNAdult; China /EH; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Exercise Test; Middle Age; Propranolol /AD; Random Allocation MTFemale; Human; Male RN147-84-2 (Diethyldithiocarbamate); 299-11-6 (Methylphenazonium Methosulfate); 5011-34-7 (Trimetazidine); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000320 TIEffect of trimetazidine on membrane damage induced by oxygen free radicals in human red cells. ABThe effect of trimetazidine, 1-(2, 3, 4 trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine di-hydrochloride, on membrane damage induced by oxygen free radicals in red cells was studied in seven healthy volunteers after oral administration. Red cells collected prior to and after a 7 day treatment period with trimetazidine were incubated in the presence of phenazine methosulphate (an intracellular oxygen free radical generator) and diethyldithiocarbamate (a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase inhibitor). The loss of intracellular K+ induced by oxygen free radicals and the membrane content of peroxidated lipids were significantly reduced in red cells collected after the period of treatment. These results indicate a potent antioxidant activity of trimetazidine which could explain its cardioprotective role during ischaemic and reperfusion phases in which oxygen free radicals are generated and probably implicated in the genesis of cardiac cell injury. AUMaridonneau-Parini I; Harpey C EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p148-51 MJErythrocyte Membrane; Oxygen; Piperazines; Trimetazidine MNAdult; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Diethyldithiocarbamate /PD; Free Radicals; Malondialdehyde /DU; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate /PD; Potassium /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 39562-70-4 (nitrendipine); 63675-72-9 (nisoldipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000321 TIEx vivo effects of nifedipine, nisoldipine and nitrendipine on filterability of red blood cells from healthy volunteers. ABIn a balanced, randomised and double-blind trial, the effects of single oral dose of nifedipine, nitrendipine and nisoldipine were compared with placebo in eight healthy volunteers. Red cell filterability, measured with a gravity driven filtration technique, was not significantly altered by any of the three calcium antagonists compared with placebo, when RBCs were filtered within 2 h of venepuncture. Storage of RBCs for 24 h at 25 degrees C, however, significantly reduced RBC filterability compared with 2 h (P less than 0.05), but the reduction after nifedipine and nitrendipine was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than after placebo. The above results demonstrate an effect of calcium antagonists on filterability of stored RBCs. AUSowemimo-Coker SO; Debbas NM; Kovacs IB; Turner P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p152-4 MJErythrocyte Deformability; Nifedipine MNAdult; Double-Blind Method; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000322 TIHaemodialysis does not affect the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine. ABTo establish dosage recommendations in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic haemodialysis, nifedipine kinetics were studied between and during haemodialysis sessions. In eight patients, during the interdialytic period, peak plasma concentrations of nifedipine (29-332 ng/ml) were reached 0.5-1.0 h after administration of a single 10 mg oral dose. Elimination half-life and oral plasma clearance were respectively 2.6 +/- 0.5 h and 1 176 +/- 412 ml/min. Nifedipine plasma protein binding was decreased in uraemic patients (88.8 +/- 0.3% vs 94.4 +/- 0.1%) but not affected by haemodialysis. Removal by haemodialysis was low: the dialyser extraction ratio and the dialysis clearance were respectively 2.3 +/- 0.8% and 2.8 +/- 0.9 ml/min. AUMartre H; Sari R; Taburet AM; Jacobs C; Singlas E EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p155-8 MJHemodialysis; Nifedipine MNAdult; Aged; Blood Proteins /ME; Kinetics; Mathematics; Middle Age; Models, Biological; Protein Binding MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000323 TIPrednisolone protein binding in renal transplant patients. ABPrednisolone pharmacokinetics and protein binding characteristics were studied in 10 renal transplant patients with various degrees of renal function (serum creatinine: 80-380 mumol/l) who received their usual oral maintenance dose of prednisolone (0.18 +/- 0.04 mg/kg). Plasma was assayed for prednisolone and hydrocortisone by h.p.l.c. and free prednisolone concentrations were determined in each sample by a rapid ultrafiltration technique. Free prednisolone area under curve (AUCu) ranged from 101 to 436 ng ml-1 h and was 6.3 to 15.0% of total prednisolone AUC. The fraction AUCu/AUC was closely related to serum albumin and creatinine concentrations determined at the time of study (multilinear regression correlation coefficient r2 = 0.830, P less than 0.0001); elevated serum creatinine and low albumin concentrations were associated with a higher % free. These results suggest that much of the variability in prednisolone protein binding could be attributed to inter-patient variability in serum albumin and creatinine concentrations. Total prednisolone concentrations would be potentially misleading in any comparisons made between patient groups with different renal function. AUReece PA; Disney AP; Stafford I; Shastry JC EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p159-62 MJBlood Proteins; Kidney; Prednisolone /BL MNAdult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatinine /BL; Hydrocortisone /BL; Middle Age; Prednisolone /AD; Protein Binding; Serum Albumin /AN; Ultrafiltration MTFemale; Human; Male RN16960-16-0 (Cosyntropin); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000324 TIEffects of single and multiple doses of ketoconazole on adrenal function in normal subjects. ABThe plasma cortisol response to 0.25 mg tetracosactrin given by intramuscular injection was suppressed by nine oral doses of 200 mg ketoconazole given 12 hourly to nine normal female subjects. No effect was noted following a single 200 mg oral dose of ketoconazole. This suppressive effect was reversible within at least 5 days of discontinuation of ketoconazole. AUBradbrook ID; Gillies HC; Morrison PJ; Robinson J; Rogers HJ; Spector RG EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p163-5 MJAdrenal Cortex; Ketoconazole MNAdrenal Cortex Function Tests; Adult; Cosyntropin /DU; Hydrocortisone /BL; Ketoconazole /PD; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000325 TIPharmacokinetics of ranitidine in quadriplegics. ABIn a previous study we observed that quadriplegic patients were unresponsive to ranitidine given in high dose (600 mg day-1 intravenously) for prophylaxis of stress ulceration. The pharmacokinetics of 100 mg of intravenous ranitidine have therefore been studied in six male quadriplegic patients. Plasma drug concentrations declined in a biexponential fashion. The mean (+/- s.e. mean) distribution half-life was 9.42 (+/- 1.04) min. The terminal plasma elimination half-life 1.79 (+/- 0.12) h, the volume of distribution 103 (+/- 17) litres and total body clearance 663 (+/- 86) ml/min. These values are similar to those described in two published studies performed in normal male volunteers. This suggests that there is no pharmacokinetic reason for the quadriplegics to be resistant to ranitidine and the defect is likely to be related to vagal control of acid secretion. AUMore DG; Watson CJ; Boutagy JS; Shenfield GM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p166-9 MJQuadriplegia; Ranitidine; Stomach Ulcer MNAdult; Kinetics; Middle Age; Models, Biological; Quadriplegia /CO; Ranitidine /TU; Stress /CO MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000326 TIThe effect of ranitidine on the disposition of lignocaine. ABThe effect of pretreatment with ranitidine (150 mg twice daily for 5 days) on the disposition of lignocaine was examined in 10 healthy volunteers (five male, five female). Each subject received separate oral (250 mg) and intravenous (1.5 mg/kg) doses of lignocaine hydrochloride before and after ranitidine. Lignocaine systemic clearance was reduced by 9% (1.11 to 0.99 1 h-1 kg-1; P less than 0.01) following ranitidine pretreatment. The volume of distribution at steady-state was reduced by 15% (3.34 to 2.85 1 kg-1; P less than 0.005). Lignocaine oral clearance, elimination half-life and oral bioavailability were unchanged after ranitidine pretreatment. There was no sex difference in the effects of ranitidine pretreatment on lignocaine disposition. These results are consistent with small reductions in blood flow to the splanchnic and other vascular beds due to ranitidine. AURobson RA; Wing LM; Miners JO; Lillywhite KJ; Birkett DJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p170-3 MJLidocaine; Ranitidine MNAdolescence; Adult; Biological Availability /DE; Drug Interactions; Metabolic Clearance Rate /DE MTFemale; Human; Male RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000327 TIEffect of short surgical procedures on salivary paracetamol elimination. ABThe effect of short surgical procedures on paracetamol elimination was studied in seven male patients undergoing surgery with epidural anaesthesia. Five healthy volunteers who did not undergo surgery served as a control group. Paracetamol concentration was measured in saliva at various intervals 1 day before and after surgery. Paracetamol half-life (t1/2,z) decreased and metabolic clearance rate (CL) increased after surgery as compared to preoperative values. The results suggest that surgical stress may enhance the hepatic metabolism of paracetamol. AURay K; Adithan C; Bapna JS; Kangle PR; Ray K; Ramakrishnan S EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p174-6 MJAcetaminophen; Saliva; Surgery, Operative MNAdult; Hernia, Inguinal /SU; Hydrocele /SU; Kinetics; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN81-81-2 (Warfarin) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000328 TIA model which predicts maintenance warfarin dosage requirements from the response to a single dose [letter] AUPeterson GM; McLean S; Jupe DM; Griffith RL; Roberts JR EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p177-8 MJWarfarin MNAdult; Aged; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Middle Age; Models, Biological MTFemale; Human; Male RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000330 TIConsequences of inflammatory processes on lignocaine protein binding during anaesthesia in fibreoptic bronchoscopy [letter] AUBruguerolle B; Philip-Joet F; Arnaud C; Arnaud A EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p180-1 MJAnesthesia, Local; Bronchoscopy; Inflammation; Lidocaine MNMiddle Age; Protein Binding MTHuman RN51-06-9 (Procainamide); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000331 TIRanitidine and procainamide absorption [letter] AUSomogyi A; Bochner F EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p182-3 MJIntestinal Absorption; Procainamide; Ranitidine MNDrug Interactions MTHuman RN42200-33-9 (nadolol) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000332 TINadolol in essential hypertension: effect on ambulatory blood pressure, renal haemodynamics and cardiac function. ABChronic administration of nadolol has been reported to reduce blood pressure either without or with a concomitant fall of renal blood flow. We therefore studied the effects of nadolol 80 mg once daily on ambulatory blood pressure, renal and systemic haemodynamics in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Ten patients took part in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, each phase of which lasted 4 weeks. Nadolol significantly reduced ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate, but had no effect on blood pressure variability. Cardiac output was significantly reduced by nadolol and total peripheral resistance increased but without reaching statistical significance. Despite the fall in blood pressure and cardiac output, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged. The fraction of cardiac output reaching the kidneys rose significantly and renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced. Body weight, urinary sodium excretion and urine flow rate remained unchanged. We conclude that nadolol 80 mg once daily lowers ambulatory blood pressure in patients with mild to moderate hypertension without impairment of renal blood flow, indicating a redistribution of cardiac output to the kidneys. The mechanism of the renal vasodilator effect of nadolol remains to be determined. AUDupont AG; Vanderniepen P; Bossuyt AM; Jonckheer MH; Six RO EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 20(2) p93-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Blood Pressure; Hemodynamics; Hypertension; Propanolamines; Renal Circulation MNDouble-Blind Method; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age; Random Allocation MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenases); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 480-22-8 (Anthralin); 59985-28-3 (12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000333 TILipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid in human inflamed skin. ABMonohydroxy acids (HETEs) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) metabolites of arachidonic acid were measured in skin of healthy volunteers after ultraviolet B irradiation, and in the uninvolved skin of psoriatics after topical dithranol application. Exudate was collected from suction bullae on control and inflamed abdominal skin, and analysed for 12-HETE and PGE2 by GC-MS and LTB4 by bioassay. 12-HETE and PGE2 were raised at 24 h but not at 72 h after u.v.B irradiation: control and 24 h values were 13.7 and 41.5 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.05, n = 6) for 12-HETE respectively, and 4.5 and 30.2 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.01, n = 6) for PGE2. Dithranol application raised PGE2 levels from 23.1 ng ml-1 in control exudate to 62 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.01, n = 6) at 24 h before declining to base levels at 72 h. However, 12-HETE was raised at 72 h (200 ng ml-1, P less than 0.01, n = 5) but not at 24 h (104 ng ml-1) compared to control levels (50 ng ml-1, n = 5). The levels of the LTB4 were low (less than 100 pg ml-1), and no significant increases were observed. Arachidonic acid in inflamed skin can be metabolised by the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathway. It is probable that the lipoxygenase product 12-HETE is involved in these inflammatory reactions. AUBlack AK; Barr RM; Wong E; Brain S; Greaves MW; Dickinson R; Shroot B; Hensby CN EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p185-90 MJArachidonic Acids; Inflammation /ME; Lipoxygenases; Skin /ME MNAdult; Anthralin /PD; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids /ME; Inflammation /EN /ET; Leukotrienes B /ME; Prostaglandins E /ME; Psoriasis /EN /ME; Radiation Injuries /EN /ME; Skin /EN; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays MTHuman; Male RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 63675-72-9 (nisoldipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000334 TIEffects of verapamil and nisoldipine on human platelets: in vivo and in vitro studies. ABInhibition of platelet aggregation was observed after 4 days of oral dosing with the calcium antagonists, verapamil (160 mg) or nisoldipine (20 mg) but not following acute dosing. These effects were observed at plasma concentrations that had no effect on platelet aggregation when investigated in vitro. Verapamil added in vitro inhibited adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation at relatively low concentrations (IC50 16 microM) but only inhibited aggregation to adenosine diphosphate at very high concentrations (IC50 700 microM). Nisoldipine, a dihydropyridine, added in vitro had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate but inhibited by 67%, the secondary phase of platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline. Verapamil but not nisoldipine displaced [3H]-yohimbine from the specific binding sites on human platelets, suggesting an interaction with alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Inhibition of adrenaline-induced aggregation by verapamil in vitro may be a result of antagonism of alpha 2-adrenoceptors but long term treatment with both verapamil and nisoldipine also inhibits platelet aggregation mechanisms other than by alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade. AUJones CR; Pasanisi F; Elliott HL; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p191-6 MJBlood Platelets; Calcium Channel Blockers; Nifedipine; Verapamil MNAdult; Blood Platelets /ME; Nifedipine /PD; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /ME; Yohimbine /ME MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.8 (Kallikrein); 29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 86880-51-5 (ICI 141,292) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000335 TIIntrinsic sympathomimetic activity of cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blockers and effects on renal function. ABThe effects of a 21 infusion of isotonic sodium chloride on renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion were measured in nine normotensive volunteers. Changes in these responses to volume expansion induced by cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blockade by drugs with (epanolol) and without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (atenolol) were examined. Renal plasma flow was significantly lower before, during and after sodium chloride infusion whilst on treatment with atenolol compared with epanolol. Urinary sodium excretion was lower on atenolol than epanolol. Glomerular filtration rate was unchanged by either drug. Basal urinary kallikrein excretion was diminished by atenolol and both epanolol and atenolol inhibited the rise in urinary kallikrein excretion after sodium chloride infusion. Although some of these findings may be due to a more potent hypotensive effect of atenolol, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity may contribute to the apparent protective effects of epanolol on renal function. AUMackay IG; Macnicol AM; Smith HJ; Cumming AD; Watson ML EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p197-203 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Heart; Kidney; Sympathomimetics MNAdult; Atenolol /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Double-Blind Method; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Kallikrein /UR; Propanolamines /PD; Renal Circulation /DE; Sodium /UR MTFemale; Human; Male RN13523-86-9 (Pindolol); 23031-25-6 (Terbutaline); 37350-58-6 (Metoprolol) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000336 TIVentilatory effects of long-term treatment with pindolol and metoprolol in hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. ABEffects of long-term treatment with pindolol (10 mg twice daily) and metoprolol (100 mg twice daily) on lung function and blood pressure were investigated in eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and hypertension. After a placebo period, both beta-adrenoceptor blockers were administered double-blind and cross-over for 4 weeks. By assessing parameters of expiratory flow an attempt was made to distinguish between large and small airways function. Diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly during both pindolol and metoprolol (P less than 0.01). Except for a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) during metoprolol treatment, there was no other change in expiratory flow parameters after placebo or both beta-adrenoceptor blockers. Inhalation of terbutaline induced a small improvement in large airways function after placebo and metoprolol, but not after pindolol; there was no effect of terbutaline on parameters of small airways function. If a beta-adrenoceptor blocker is necessary in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, a beta 1-adrenoceptor selective blocker is preferred in combination with bronchodilator agents. AULammers JW; Folgering HT; van Herwaarden CL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p205-10 MJHypertension /DT; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /DT; Metoprolol; Pindolol; Respiration MNAdult; Forced Expiratory Volume; Hypertension /CO /PP; Lung Diseases, Obstructive /CO /PP; Middle Age; Terbutaline /TU MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II); EC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine); 75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000337 TIThe effect of enalapril on baroreceptor mediated reflex function in normotensive subjects. ABThe effects of enalapril, 20 mg orally, on the responses to baroreflex activation and deactivation by respectively phenylephrine and nitroglycerin were investigated in normotensive subjects on a normal sodium diet, with simultaneous measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA), converting enzyme activity (PCEA), aldosterone and catecholamines. Enalapril, 4 h after administration, lowered artificial blood pressure without modifying heart rate and plasma catecholamines. PCEA was abolished, PRA increased and plasma aldosterone decreased. Enalapril (a) displaced to the left the baroreflex set-point, (b) did not affect baroreflex sensitivity since the slopes of the RR-interval/systolic blood pressure regression lines remained unchanged during both activation and deactivation and (c) did not modify baroreflex efficacy since the maximal RR-interval responses as well as the overall RR-interval-time products to identical blood pressure variations were not modified. Thus, enalapril induced a resetting of the baroreflex, which probably accounts for the lack of reflex tachycardia observed during the drug-induced fall in blood pressure. AUGiudicelli JF; Berdeaux A; Edouard A; Richer C; Jacolot D EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p211-8 MJEnalapril; Pressoreceptors; Reflex MNAdult; Aldosterone /BL; Catecholamines /BL; Glyceryl Trinitrate /PD; Hemodynamics /DE; Kininase II /BL; Middle Age; Phenylephrine /PD; Renin /BL MTHuman; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000338 TISelectivity and dose-dependency of the inhibitory effect of propranolol on theophylline metabolism in man. ABThe effects of separate 5 day pretreatments of propranolol 120 mg day-1 and 720 mg day-1 on theophylline clearance and metabolism at steady-state were determined in seven healthy males. Propranolol 120 mg day-1 decreased theophylline plasma clearance (CL) by 30%. Clearance of theophylline to each metabolite was reduced by this treatment, clearances to the two demethylated products by 42-43% and clearance to the 8-hydroxylation product by 27%. Propranolol 720 mg day-1 decreased theophylline CL by 52%. Again, clearance of theophylline to each metabolite was reduced by this treatment, clearances to the two demethylation products by 73-77% and clearance to the 8-hydroxylation product by 44%. These data are consistent with a dose-dependent and selective inhibitory effect of propranolol on the separate forms of cytochrome P-450 involved in theophylline demethylation and 8-hydroxylation. AUMiners JO; Wing LM; Lillywhite KJ; Robson RA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p219-23 MJPropranolol; Theophylline /ME MNAdult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 /AI; Dealkylation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hydroxylation; Kinetics; Theophylline /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN22494-42-4 (Diflunisal); 604-75-1 (Oxazepam); 6801-81-6 (oxazepam glucuronide) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000339 TIThe influence of diflunisal on the pharmacokinetics of oxazepam. ABSingle dose pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, 30 mg, have been studied in six healthy male volunteers in the absence of diflunisal and during continuous treatment with diflunisal 500 mg twice daily. During diflunisal treatment, peak plasma concentration of oxazepam significantly decreased from 387 +/- 18 ng ml-1 (mean +/- s.e. mean) to 241 +/- 10 ng ml-1 and total area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) significantly decreased from 5536 +/- 819 ng ml-1 h to 4643 +/- 562 ng ml-1 h. The AUC of oxazepam glucuronide significantly increased from 4771 +/- 227 ng ml-1 h to 8116 +/- 644 ng ml-1 h and its elimination half-life increased from 10.0 +/- 0.6 h to 13.0 +/- 1.0 h. Renal clearance for oxazepam glucuronide was significantly reduced from 74 +/- 2 ml min-1 to 46 +/- 3 ml min-1. In vitro, diflunisal, at concentrations of 125 to 1000 micrograms ml-1, significantly displaced oxazepam from its plasma protein binding, the free fraction of oxazepam increasing by 28 to 56%. The free fraction of oxazepam glucuronide, ex vivo, increased by 49 +/- 5% (n = 3) during concomitant diflunisal treatment. These data suggest that the observed interaction between oxazepam and diflunisal results from a presystemic displacement of oxazepam from its plasma protein binding sites by diflunisal and from an inhibition of the tubular secretion of oxazepam glucuronide by the glucuronides of diflunisal. AUvan Hecken AM; Tjandramaga TB; Verbesselt R; de Schepper PJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p225-34 MJDiflunisal; Oxazepam /ME; Salicylic Acids MNAdult; Blood Proteins /ME; Kinetics; Oxazepam /AA; Protein Binding MTHuman; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 63675-72-9 (nisoldipine) IS0306-5251 LAEnglish JCAU9 SBM UI86000340 TIThe effect of nisoldipine on apparent liver blood flow and effective renal plasma flow. ABThe effects of the acute and continued administration of the calcium antagonist nisoldipine on hepatic and renal blood flow and on renal function were studied in nine normotensive volunteers. There were no significant changes in supine blood pressure or heart rate but acute administration significantly increased both apparent liver blood flow and effective renal plasma flow. With continued administration these increases were attenuated and were not significantly different from placebo after 4 days treatment. Acute nisoldipine administration was also associated with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and urinary sodium excretion. AUMeredith PA; Pasanisi F; Elliott HL; Reid JL EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pharmacol (England), Sep 1985, 20(3) p235-7 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Liver Circulation; Nifedipine; Renal Circulation MNAdult; Glomerular Filtration Rate /DE; Nifedipine /PD; Time Factors MTHuman; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000342 TIThe share of the elderly men and women in the commonest causes of death. AUHaleem MA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p215-8 MJMortality MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; England; Infant; Middle Age; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN56-54-2 (Quinidine); 747-45-5 (kinidin-duretter) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000343 TISupraventricular arrhythmias--digoxin and quinidine revisited. AUOng ML; Jackson G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p219, 234 MJAnti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Quinidine MNAged; Middle Age MTHuman IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000344 TIThe surgical treatment of thyroid disease in a district general hospital. AUDawson PM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p220-4 MJThyroid Diseases MNAdult; Aged; Hyperthyroidism /SU; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000345 TIHome-monitoring of blood glucose--patient preference for 'BM-Test Glycemie 20-800' strips or 'Glucometer'. AUGermer S; Campbell IW EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p225-7 MJBlood Glucose; Consumer Satisfaction; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Indicators and Reagents; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Reagent Strips MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Self Care MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN480-22-8 (Anthralin) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000346 TIA comparison of Antraderm stick 1% and 2% with dithranol paste 0.25% and 0.5% respectively in the treatment of psoriasis. AUEilard U; Edin L EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p232-4 MJAnthracenes; Anthralin; Psoriasis MNAdult; Aged; Anthralin /TU; Consumer Satisfaction; Middle Age; Ointments MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000347 TIEfficacy and acceptability of sustained release glyceryl trinitrate (Sustac) tablets at high dosage in patients with severe angina pectoris. AUSterndorff B EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p235-7 MJAngina Pectoris; Glyceryl Trinitrate MNAdult; Aged; Delayed-Action Preparations; Glyceryl Trinitrate /TU; Middle Age; Patient Compliance MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN299-42-3 (Ephedrine); 486-12-4 (Triprolidine); 58-73-1 (Diphenhydramine); 8054-27-1 (actifed) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000348 TIBenylin expectorant versus actifed expectorant in the treatment of acute cough. AUJaffe GV; Grimshaw JJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p238-42 MJCough; Diphenhydramine; Ephedrine; Expectorants; Pyridines; Triprolidine MNAdult; Consumer Satisfaction; Drug Combinations /TU; Middle Age; Patient Compliance MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000349 TISpastic paraparesis with cirrhosis of liver. AURab SM; Hussain SM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p244-6 MJLiver Cirrhosis; Paraplegia MNAdult; Liver Cirrhosis /SU; Middle Age; Muscle Spasticity; Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; Postoperative Complications MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000350 TIAvascular necrosis of the coccyx: a cause of coccydynia? Case report and histological findings in 16 patients. AULourie J; Young S EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p247-8 MJCoccyx /PP; Osteonecrosis; Pain MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Coccyx /PA; Middle Age; Osteonecrosis /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN64952-97-2 (Moxalactam) IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000351 TIFatal retroperitoneal bleeding following Latamoxef (Moxalactam) use. AUAl-Fallouji MA; Al-Quisi NK EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p249 MJHemorrhage; Moxalactam MNAged; Retroperitoneal Space MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000352 TIMalabsorption and polymyositis in a case of congenital methaemoglobinaemia. AUPacke GE; Kubik MM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Jun 1985, 39(6) p250-1 MJMalabsorption Syndromes; Methemoglobinemia; Myositis MNMethemoglobinemia /CO; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000353 TIInfertility management in the 'eighties. AUPhilipp E EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p303-6 MJInfertility, Female; Infertility, Male MNInfertility, Female /ET /TH; Infertility, Male /ET /TH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000354 TIComplications of non-absorbable ligatures in thyroid surgery. AUHall CN; Jamison MH; MacLennan I EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p307-9 MJAbscess; Surgical Wound Infection; Sutures; Thyroidectomy MNAbsorption; Adult; Ligation; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /ET MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000355 TISeat belts and breast disease. AUDerodra JD; Perry PM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p310 MJFibrocystic Disease of Breast; Mastectomy; Pain; Seat Belts MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Postoperative Period MTFemale; Human IS0007-0947 LAEnglish JCAVK UI86000356 TIA comparative trial of urinary incontinence aids. AUSmith BM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract (England), Aug 1985, 39(8) p311-24 MJBedding and Linens; Urinary Incontinence MNBedding and Linens /EC; Costs and Cost Analysis; England; Evaluation Studies MTComparative Study; Human IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000357 TISenile dementia and stroke--therapeutic possibilities. Proceedings of a symposium. Amsterdam, 6 December 1984. EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p1-49, I-XXVIII MJCerebrovascular Disorders; Dementia, Senile MNAged MTHuman RN11032-41-0 (Dihydroergotoxine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000358 TIThe effects of Hydergine on neurotransmitters. AUErmini M EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p11-5 MJDihydroergotoxine; Neuroregulators MNAlzheimer's Disease /DT /ME; Brain /DE /ME; Dementia, Senile /DT /ME; Dihydroergotoxine /TU; Models, Biological; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN11032-41-0 (Dihydroergotoxine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000359 TIThe clinical pharmacology of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (Hydergine). AUJames IM EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p21-4 MJDihydroergotoxine MNCentral Nervous System /DE; Hemodynamics /DE; Kinetics MCReview MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000360 TICerebral blood flow and other physiological variables measured by positron emission tomography. AULegg NJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p25-7 MJCerebrovascular Circulation MNBrain /RI; Dementia, Senile /RI; Tomography, Emission Computed MCReview MTHuman RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000361 TIThe ageing brain and dementia--a review. AUDavison AN EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p3-6 MJDementia, Senile /ME MNAlzheimer's Disease /CO; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Cholinergic Fibers /ME; Dementia, Senile /CO; Glutamates /ME; Neuroregulators /ME MCReview MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000362 TIPre-stroke and immediate post-stroke hypertension: neuroepidemiological data. AUSchulte BP; Leyten AC; Herman B EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p31-3 MJCerebrovascular Disorders; Hypertension MNAged; Cerebrovascular Disorders /OC; Netherlands MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000363 TIAspects of stroke trials. AUClifford Rose F EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p34-9 MJCerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials MTHuman RN11032-41-0 (Dihydroergotoxine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000364 TIEvent related evoked potentials in dementia. AUBreeze RW EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p43-4 MJDementia, Senile /PP; Evoked Potentials, Auditory MNClinical Trials; Dementia, Senile /DT; Dihydroergotoxine /TU; Double-Blind Method; Evoked Potentials, Auditory /DE MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000365 TIThe early detection of dementia with particular reference to the memory clinic. AUExton-Smtih AN EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p45-8 MJDementia, Senile /DI; Memory Disorders /ET MNAged; Dementia, Senile /CO; Memory Disorders /DI MTHuman IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000366 TIThe vasopressin containing neurons in the human brain; changes during ageing and senile dementia. AUSwaab DF; Fliers E; Fisser B EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 39 p7-10 MJAging; Brain; Dementia, Senile; Vasopressins MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Neurons /ME MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000367 TICeliprolol--new therapeutic horizons in beta blockade. Proceedings of a workshop. Tarrytown, New York, 16 January 1985. EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p1-100 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Propanolamines /TU MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000368 TICeliprolol: pharmacokinetics and duration of pharmacodynamic activity. AUCaruso FS; Doshan HD; Hernandez PH; Costello R; Applin W; Neiss ES EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p12-6 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNKinetics; Time Factors MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000369 TIControlled clinical evaluations of celiprolol: an overview. AUNeiss ES EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p17-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNDrug Evaluation MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000370 TICeliprolol, clinical dosage, efficacy and safety in asthmatic and elderly patients. AUHitzenberger G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p25-32 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Propanolamines MNAdult; Aged; Drug Evaluation; Hypertension /DT; Middle Age; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing MTHuman RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000371 TIThe cardiopulmonary effects of celiprolol and propranolol in asymptomatic bronchial asthmatics. AUMatthys H; Pohl M; Braig H; Ruhle KH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p33 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNHemodynamics /DE; Respiration /DE MTComparative Study; Human RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000372 TICeliprolol: an investigation of a new beta 1-, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist in asthmatic patients. AURosenthal RR; Doshan HD; Applin WJ; Caruso FS EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p34-6 MJAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Propanolamines MNAdult; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age; Respiratory Function Tests MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol); 77-36-1 (Chlorthalidone) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000373 TIA comparative study of celiprolol and chlorthalidone in hypertensive patients with reversible airways obstruction. AUCapone P; Mayol R; Mathieu M EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p37-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Asthma; Chlorthalidone; Hypertension; Propanolamines MNDrug Evaluation; Respiration /DE MTComparative Study; Human RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000374 TICeliprolol: a haemodynamic appraisal in comparison with propranolol. AUSolomon T; Gensini G; Dator C; Caruso F EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p43-4 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hemodynamics; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNCoronary Disease /PP; Drug Evaluation; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000375 TIComparative effects of celiprolol and metoprolol on left ventricular volume in coronary artery disease. AUSilke B; Verma SP; Frais MA; Reynolds G; Taylor SH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p45 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Coronary Disease; Metoprolol; Propanolamines; Stroke Volume MTComparative Study; Human RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000376 TIThe cardiovascular effects of celiprolol in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease. AUHitzenberger G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p46-51 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Coronary Disease; Hemodynamics; Propanolamines MNExertion MTHuman; Male RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000377 TICeliprolol--pharmacological profile of an unconventional beta-blocker. AUWolf PS; Smith RD; Khandwala A; Van Inwegen RG; Gordon RJ; Mann WS; Romano DV; Pruss TP EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p5-11 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Propanolamines MNBronchi /DE; Cats; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Radioligand Assay MTAnimal RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000378 TIA double blind placebo controlled study of celiprolol in the treatment of angina pectoris. AUHarston WE; Eff J; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p55-8 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Angina Pectoris; Propanolamines MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Exercise Test MTHuman RN56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000379 TIA comparative study of celiprolol and placebo in the treatment of hypertension. AUCapone P; Mayol R EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p65-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Propanolamines /TU MNClinical Trials; Middle Age; Propanolamines /AE MTFemale; Human; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000380 TIA comparison of celiprolol and propranolol in the treatment of hypertension in one hundred and seventy-nine subjects. AULeary P; Mayol R; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p70-2 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method MTComparative Study; Human RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000381 TIA comparison of celiprolol and atenolol in the treatment of hypertension: a placebo controlled double blind study. AUStumpe K; Kolloch R; Mathieu M; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p73-5 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Atenolol; Hypertension; Propanolamines MNClinical Trials; Double-Blind Method MTComparative Study; Human RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000382 TIA comparison of celiprolol and atenolol in the treatment of hypertension. AURosenthal F; Silke B; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p76-7 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Atenolol; Hypertension; Propanolamines MNDrug Evaluation MTComparative Study; Human RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000383 TIA comparison of celiprolol and propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. AUTaylor S; Beattie A; Capone P EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p78-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypertension; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNDrug Evaluation MTComparative Study; Human RN37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000384 TIThe effects of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, celiprolol, on blood lipids. AUHitzenberger G EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p85-7 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hyperlipidemia; Propanolamines MNLipoproteins /BL; Metoprolol /TU MTHuman RN525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000385 TIThe effect of celiprolol on peripheral circulation in healthy volunteers. AUEhringer H; Konecny U; Rasser W EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 40 p91-9 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Leg; Propanolamines MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Propranolol /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE MTComparative Study; Human; Male IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000386 TIOverview: the use of diuretics in heart failure [editorial] AUTaylor SH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p1-3 MJDiuretics; Heart Failure, Congestive MNHeart Failure, Congestive /MO /PP MTHuman RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000387 TIUrinary electrolyte excretion after frusemide, amiloride and Frumil: single dose studies. AUHamdy RC EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p13-6 MJAmiloride; Furosemide; Potassium; Sodium MNAged; Drug Combinations; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MTFemale; Human; Male RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000388 TIUrinary electrolyte excretion after frusemide and Frumil: multiple dose study. AUHamdy RC EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p17-21 MJAmiloride; Furosemide; Potassium; Sodium MNDrug Combinations; Heart Failure, Congestive /DT MTHuman RN73-48-3 (Bendroflumethiazide) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000389 TIReview: ventricular extrasystoles and thiazide treatment. AURaftery EB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p22-3 MJBendroflumethiazide; Extrasystole MNClinical Trials; Hypertension /DT MTHuman RN7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000390 TIPotassium therapy when treating heart failure with thiazide or loop diuretics. AUPoole-Wilson PA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p24-9 MJDiuretics, Thiazide; Heart Failure, Congestive; Potassium MNHypokalemia /PC MTHuman RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 54-31-9 (Furosemide) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000391 TIThe short and long term effects of a frusemide/amiloride combination tablet (Frumil) on plasma electrolytes. AUNorris RJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 41 p4-12 MJAmiloride; Electrolytes; Furosemide MNAged; Drug Combinations; Heart Failure, Congestive /BL /DT; Time Factors MTHuman RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000392 TISustained release verapamil workshop. Tarrytown, New York, 17 January 1985. EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p1-55 MJVerapamil MNDelayed-Action Preparations MTAnimal; Human RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000393 TIOnce-daily verapamil--an objective evaluation in stable angina pectoris using treadmill exercise testing. AURaftery EB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p17-23 MJAngina Pectoris; Verapamil /TU MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Administration Schedule; Exercise Test; Middle Age; Verapamil /AD MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.4.15.1 (Kininase II) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000394 TIThe drug treatment of hypertension--the place of calcium antagonists. AULouis WJ; McNeil JJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p27-33 MJCalcium Channel Blockers; Hypertension MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /TU; Adult; Diuretics, Thiazide /TU; Kininase II /AI; Middle Age MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000395 TIVerapamil in angina pectoris. AUPoole-Wilson PA EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p3-8 MJAngina Pectoris; Verapamil MNExertion; Myocardial Infarction /DT MTHuman RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000396 TIThe efficacy of a slow-release formulation of verapamil. AUTaylor SH EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p34 MJHypertension; Verapamil /TU MNDelayed-Action Preparations; Verapamil /AD MTHuman RN29122-68-7 (Atenolol); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 56980-93-9 (celiprolol); 60-40-2 (Mecamylamine) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000397 TIThe haemodynamic and myocardial contractile effects of celiprolol, atenolol and propranolol in mecamylamine-verapamil pretreated, anaesthetised dogs. AUSmith RD; Barrett JA; Wolf PS; Pruss TP EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p35-43 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Atenolol; Myocardial Contraction; Propanolamines; Propranolol MNBlood Circulation /DE; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Heart Rate /DE; Mecamylamine /PD; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000398 TIVerapamil and beta-blockers in hypertension: a beneficial drug interaction? AUDargie HJ EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p44-7 MJHypertension; Propranolol; Verapamil MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0262-8768 LAEnglish JCAVL UI86000399 TIThe bioavailability of a slow-release verapamil formulation. AUNorris RJ; Muirhead DC; Christie RB; Devane JG; Bottini PB EM8601 SOBr J Clin Pract [Symp Suppl] (England), Jun 1985, 42 p9-16 MJVerapamil /ME MNAdolescence; Adult; Biological Availability; Delayed-Action Preparations; Verapamil /AD MTHuman; Male RN0 (anthracycline antibiotics); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 302-79-4 (Tretinoin) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000400 TIThe 1985 Walter Hubert lecture. Malignant cell differentiation as a potential therapeutic approach. ABMost drugs available for cancer chemotherapy exert their effects through cytodestruction. Although significant advances have been attained with these cytotoxic agents in several malignant diseases, response is often accompanied by significant morbidity and many common malignant tumours respond poorly to existing cytotoxic therapy. Development of chemotherapeutic agents with non-cytodestructive actions appears desirable. Considerable evidence exists which indicates that (a) the malignant state is not irreversible and represents a disease of altered maturation, and (b) some experimental tumour systems can be induced by chemical agents to differentiate to mature end-stage cells with no proliferative potential. Thus, it is conceivable that therapeutic agents can be developed which convert cancer cells to benign forms. To study the phenomenon of blocked maturation, squamous carcinoma SqCC/Y1 cells were employed in culture. Using this system it was possible to demonstrate that physiological levels of retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor were capable of preventing the differentiation of these malignant keratinocytes into a mature tissue-like structure. The terminal differentiation caused by certain antineoplastic agents was investigated in HL-60 promyelocytic leukaemia cells to provide information on the mechanism by which chemotherapeutic agents induce cells to by-pass a maturation block. The anthracyclines aclacinomycin A and marcellomycin were potent inhibitors of N-glycosidically linked glycoprotein biosynthesis and transferrin receptor activity, and active inducers of maturation; temporal studies suggested that the biochemical effects were associated with the differentiation process. 6-Thioguanine produced cytotoxicity in parental cells by forming analog nucleotide. In hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase negative HL-60 cells the 6-thiopurine initiated maturation; this action was due to the free base (and possibly the deoxyribonucleoside), a finding which separated termination of proliferation due to cytotoxicity from that caused by maturation. AUSartorelli AC EM8601 IDCA-02817; CA-28852; CA-08341 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p293-302 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic MNCarcinoma, Squamous Cell /PA; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Leukemia, Myelocytic /ME /PA; Models, Biological; Naphthacenes /PD; Thioguanine /PD; Tretinoin /PD MCReview MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 50-89-5 (Thymidine); 9012-36-6 (Sepharose) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000401 TISoft agarose culture human tumour colony forming assay for drug sensitivity testing: [3H]-thymidine incorporation vs colony counting. ABIn vitro drug sensitivity testing, both by optical colony counting and by a [3H]-TdR incorporation assay, was performed on human tumour cells proliferating in soft agar cultures. Cells from two different human tumour cell lines, 5 different human tumour xenografts, and 94 different primary human tumour specimens of various histologic types were studied. Regression analysis comparing the results of the colony counting assay and the [3H]-TdR assay revealed good to excellent correlations between the two assay endpoints for quantitating the effect of in vitro anticancer drug exposure for a large number of different agents. The presence of pre-existing tumour cell aggregates complicates the performance of the optical colony counting assay. The [3H]-TdR incorporation assay is more sensitive and reproducible than the colony counting assay when performed on samples containing a large number of initially seeded tumour cell aggregates. AUJones CA; Tsukamoto T; O'Brien PC; Uhl CB; Alley MC; Lieber MM EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p303-10 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Thymidine; Tumor Stem Cell Assay MNCell Count; Cell Line; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms /ME; Sepharose; Transplantation, Heterologous; Tritium /DU MTFemale; Human IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000402 TINon-linearity of colony formation by human tumour cells from biopsy samples. ABThe relationship between colony numbers and concentration of cells plated is an important parameter of clonogenic assay systems. The cloning efficiency for an ideal sample should be independent of cell concentration, thus giving a straight line through the origin when colony numbers are plotted against cell concentration. A simple statistical method has been developed to test if this is the case for individual tumour samples. Colony data from 51 freshly obtained tumour samples, which had sufficient cells to plate 3 or more dilutions and gave at least 20 colonies per plate at one or more of the dilutions, were tested. The results indicated that colony formation was linear for 27 (53%) of the samples. The remaining 24 samples could be classified into 2 groups: type I, in which cloning efficiencies increased with increasing cell concentration and type II, which had reduced cloning efficiencies at high cell concentrations. Fifteen (29%) of the samples had type I non-linearity and 9 (18%) exhibited non-linearity of type II. These findings indicate that the relationship between colonies and cells plated should be examined for each biopsy sample particularly in each experiment where the effects of cytotoxic drugs are tested. AUEliason JF; Aapro MS; Decrey D; Brink-Petersen M EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p311-8 MJColony-Forming Units Assay; Neoplasms; Tumor Stem Cell Assay; Tumor Stem Cells MNBreast Neoplasms /PA; Cell Count; Cell Survival; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Models, Biological; Ovarian Neoplasms /PA; Probability; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000403 TIRadiation dose and second breast cancer. ABAmongst 14,000 women with breast cancer treated between 1946 and 1982, 194 developed a second primary tumour in the contralateral breast more than one year after diagnosis of the first primary. The radiation dose to the contralateral breast was calculated for each member of this group and also for members of a control group matched for age, year of diagnosis and survival time. Comparison of the groups provides no evidence for radiation induced carcinogenesis on the contralateral breast in these patients. AUBasco VE; Coldman AJ; Elwood JM; Young ME EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p319-25 MJBreast Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Radiotherapy MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Breast Neoplasms /PA /RT; Middle Age; Radiotherapy Dosage; Time Factors MTFemale; Human RN33419-42-0 (Etoposide); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000404 TIThree months treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for small cell lung cancer. ABFifty-five patients with inoperable but limited stage small cell carcinoma of the bronchus and a further 15 patients with contra lateral neck nodes, pleural effusions and marrow involvement were entered into the study and treated. The 3 month treatment regimen comprised 3 courses of etoposide with cyclophosphamide at 2.5 gm-2 followed by methotrexate and radiotherapy, no maintenance treatment was given. The complete response rate in the total patient group was 54% and the partial response rate 21%. The median survival was 11 months for the 70 patients, 15 months for the complete responders, and those patients with a bronchoscopically confirmed complete response survived significantly longer. There was no significant difference between the patients with strictly limited stage disease and those in the broader category. Eight patients are tumour free and alive one year or more after the end of treatment. The median followup is 17 months. Twenty-four patients were delayed 1-2 weeks during treatment because of chemotherapy induced toxicity. Six patients died probably of infection associated with leucopaenia. The majority of the patients' Karnofsky performance improved with the treatment as did their breathlessness assessed on a respiratory score. The short intensive chemotherapy regimen of 3 months produced similar results to those following more prolonged treatment regimens. AUThatcher N; Stout R; Smith DB; Grotte G ; Winson M; Bassett H; Carroll KB EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p327-32 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /TH; Lung Neoplasms /TH MNAdult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /DT /MO /RT; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Etoposide /AD; Lung Neoplasms /DT /MO /RT; Methotrexate /AD; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 4.2.1.11 (Phosphopyruvate Hydratase) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000405 TIEvaluation of a radioimmunoassay for neuron specific enolase in small cell lung cancer. ABA radioimmunoassay for neuron specific enolase (NSE), a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, has been evaluated in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In untreated patients 25/38 (68%) with localized SCLC had raised blood levels of NSE (greater than 13 ng ml-1), in extensive disease 34/39 (87%) patients had raised NSE levels. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the serum levels were raised in 16/94 (17%). In extensive tumours of non-pulmonary origin NSE levels were increased in 24/116 (20%) patients. Longitudinal studies indicated a good correlation between the response to chemotherapy and fall of NSE levels. Tumour progression was accompanied by a rising NSE in 25/29 patients, with doubling times of 7-90 days. In patients with progression with a normal NSE the recurrence was a NSCLC. Cerebral metastases occurring as the only recurrence during clinical complete remission were not accompanied by a rise of NSE. Serum NSE levels provides a valuable monitor for SCLC during and after chemotherapy. AUCooper EH; Splinter TA; Brown DA; Muers MF; Peake MD; Pearson SL EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p333-8 MJCarcinoma, Oat Cell /EN; Lung Neoplasms /EN; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase MNCarcinoma, Oat Cell /DT; England; Longitudinal Studies; Lung Neoplasms /DT; Radioimmunoassay MTHuman IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000406 TILung cancer 1978-1981 in the black peoples of South Africa. ABMortality data on lung cancer among the black populations of South Africa, newly available from the first ever nation-wide enumerations, are analysed for age-specific rates and significant geographical and intertribal variations. This study finds a higher incidence at younger ages than among whites, an urban excess similar to other population groups in South Africa and a higher incidence among the Xhosa than Zulu. It is suggested that an anti-smoking campaign is urgently required among blacks in South Africa. AUMcGlashan ND; Harington JS EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p339-46 MJBlacks; Lung Neoplasms MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Middle Age; Rural Population; Sex Factors; South Africa; Urban Population MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (epithelial membrane glycoprotein) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000407 TIProduction of monoclonal antibodies against human epithelial membrane antigen for use in diagnostic immunocytochemistry. ABTwo monoclonal murine antibodies have been raised against a delipidated extract of human cream. These antibodies were detected by immunohistological screening of hybridoma culture supernatants on sections of human breast tissue. One of those antibodies (E29) was subsequently screened against a range of normal and neoplastic human tissues and shown to react with a wide variety of human epithelia and with mesothelial cells. Antibody E29 was unreactive with other cell types, with the exception of occasional plasma cells. Antibody E29 is suitable for use on paraffin embedded tissue and represents a valuable reagent for the identification of tumours of epithelial origin. AUCordell J; Richardson TC; Pulford KA; Ghosh AK; Gatter KC; Heyderman E; Mason DY EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p347-54 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigens, Neoplasm; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /BI /IM; Epithelium /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Milk /IM; Neoplasms /IM MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (epithelial membrane glycoprotein) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000408 TIA new monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)-E29. A comparison of its immunocytochemical reactivity with polyclonal anti-EMA antibodies and with another monoclonal antibody, HMFG-2. ABTwo polyclonal rabbit antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), two mouse monoclonal antibodies (E29 and HMFG-2), and a ╥cocktail╙ of these two monoclonals have been compared using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Sections from 25 tissues (17 malignant and 8 benign), were examined. The distribution of staining with each of these reagents was similar, but the polyclonal antibodies produced stronger staining in colorectal carcinomas and lactating breast, whereas staining with the monoclonal antibodies was stronger in non-neoplastic pleural mesothelium and in pulmonary alveolar cells. When the two monoclonals were mixed there was no increase in staining intensity. E29 gave a ╥cleaner╙ result than HMFG-2, with better discrimination between cells and stroma, and is highly suitable for routine diagnostic histopathology. AUHeyderman E; Strudley I; Powell G; Richardson TC; Cordell JL; Mason DY EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p355-61 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Neoplasm; Membrane Proteins; Neoplasms /IM MNAntibodies /IM; Breast Neoplasms /IM; Breast /IM; Colonic Neoplasms /IM; Epithelium /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Neoplasms /DI MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN33419-42-0 (Etoposide); 518-28-5 (Podophyllotoxin) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000409 TIThe effect of food and concurrent chemotherapy on the bioavailability of oral etoposide. ABThere is no information on the effect of food or concurrent drug administration on the bioavailability of oral etoposide, despite the fact that treatment is frequently administered over several days and most often in combination with other cytotoxic agents. The influence of these factors has been studied in 11 patients, receiving combination cytotoxic therapy for extensive small cell lung carcinoma. Neither food nor concurrent oral or intravenous chemotherapy had a significant effect on the mean plasma concentrations of etoposide, achieved following oral administration. Wide variation in peak plasma concentrations and in area under the concentration time curve (AUC) occurred both between and within patients. It appears unnecessary for patients receiving etoposide (at 100 mg) to fast prior to drug administration. Furthermore, oral etoposide (at 100 mg and at 400 mg) may be given in combination with other cytotoxic agents without compromising its bioavailability. AUHarvey VJ; Slevin ML; Joel SP; Johnston A; Wrigley PF EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p363-7 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Carcinoma, Oat Cell; Etoposide /ME; Food; Lung Neoplasms; Podophyllotoxin MNAdministration, Oral; Biological Availability; Drug Interactions; Etoposide /AD; Kinetics MTHuman RN53643-48-4 (Vindesine); 54350-48-0 (Etretinate) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000410 TICytotoxicity of etretinate and vindesine. ABThe effects of an aromatic retinoid, etretinate and a vinca alkaloid, vindesine were investigated by culture of malignant melanoma cells in vitro with these two agents; either separately or in combination. Etretinate inhibited growth of a murine melanoma but only minimal effects were recorded with two human melanomas. Vindesine however, was inhibitory for all of the cell lines and this effect was enhanced in the presence of the retinoid. Entry of 3H labelled vindesine or etretinate into drug free cells was followed in the absence or presence of unlabelled drug. It was found that etretinate enhanced cellular uptake of vindesine in two of the cell lines and this may be responsible for the enhanced toxicity of vindesine in the presence of etretinate. The human melanoma which did not exhibit retinoid stimulated vindesine uptake, appeared to be intrinsically sensitive to the vinca alkaloid. No effect on cellular retinoid uptake by vindesine was recorded in any of the melanomas. The results indicate that the intracellular concentrations combined with the intrinsic sensitivities of each cell line to etretinate and vindesine determines the toxic response. AUGaukroger JM; Wilson L; MacKie R EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p369-75 MJCell Survival; Etretinate /PD; Melanoma /PA; Vindesine /PD MNCell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Etretinate /ME; Melanoma /ME; Mice; Vindesine /ME MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13010-47-4 (Lomustine); 18883-66-4 (Streptozotocin); 54749-90-5 (chlorozotocin); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000411 TIDNA repeat length in chromatin from murine bone marrow and L1210 leukaemia cells. ABPrevious studies have suggested that 1-(4-amino-2-methylpyrimidine-5-yl)-methyl-3-(2-chloroethyl) -3-nitrosoureahydrochloride (ACNU) and 1,(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) bind specifically to the nucleosomal DNA of murine bone marrow and L1210 leukaemia cells whereas the glucose nitrosoureas, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, (chlorozotocin, CLZ) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(-D-glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), bind preferentially to the linker DNA of bone marrow but not tumour cell chromatin. In order to provide an explanation for this differential, the DNA repeat and linker lengths in murine bone marrow and L1210 leukaemia cells were measured using electrophoresis of micrococcal nuclease-digested DNA. The linker length of bone marrow chromatin was approximately 22% longer than that in L1210 leukaemia cells from mouse ascites. The linker length of L1210 cells maintained in suspension culture was 27% less than in those from ascites fluid. The tissue-specific toxicity of sugar nitrosoureas and the differential binding of these drugs to chromatin does not appear to correlate quantitatively with differences in DNA linker length. AUDean SW; Tew KD; Clark AE; Schein PS EM8601 IDCA17583 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p377-82 MJBone Marrow; Chromatin; DNA; Leukemia L1210; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MNCells, Cultured; DNA, Neoplasm /ME; DNA /ME; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Lomustine /ME; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Streptozotocin /AA /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN540-73-8 (1,2-dimethylhydrazine) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000412 TIAdrenergic factors regulating cell division in the colonic crypt epithelium during carcinogenesis and in colonic adenoma and adenocarcinoma. ABEvidence exists implicating adrenergic factors in the control of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in both normal and diseased states. In this report, attention is focussed on changes in the amine requirements of proliferating cells during the chemical induction of tumours in the colon of mouse. Cell proliferation rates were measured stathmokinetically. Tumours were induced by s.c. injection of dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Results with a series of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists suggest that there is an alpha 2-adrenoceptor mediated excitatory effect in normal colon but an alpha 2 adrenoceptor mediated inhibitory effect in adenoma and carcinoma. Alpha 1 adrenoceptors, on the other hand, have an inhibitory effect in normal crypts and in adenomas, and an excitatory effect in carcinomas. Beta adrenoceptors have an inhibitory effect in the normal and DMH-treated crypt, and in adenomas, but not in carcinomas. In the crypt epithelium of DMH-treated mice, two regions on cell proliferation, with differing regulatory factors, could be identified. In the upper region of the carcinogen-exposed crypt is a zone where cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 2 adrenergic mechanism, thus resembling the basal region of the normal crypt. By contrast, in the basal region of these crypts, cell proliferation is stimulated by an alpha 1 mechanism, thus resembling a malignant tumour. AUKennedy MF; Tutton PJ; Barkla DH EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p383-90 MJAdenocarcinoma /PA; Adenoma /PA; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Colon /PA; Sympatholytics; Sympathomimetics MNAdenocarcinoma /CI; Adenoma /CI; Cell Division /DE; Colonic Neoplasms /CI; Colon /DE; Dimethylhydrazines; Mice; Sympathectomy, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000414 TIDietary fibre consumption in Britain: new estimates and their relation to large bowel cancer mortality. AUBingham SA; Williams DR; Cummings JH EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p399-402 MJColonic Neoplasms; Dietary Fiber; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdult; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fiber /AN; Food Analysis /MT; Great Britain; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000415 TIResistance of human T-CFUcs to activated cyclophosphamide: a feature common with critical marrow stem cells? AUByfield JE; Calabro-Jones PM EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p403-5 MJCyclophosphamide; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; T Lymphocytes MNCell Survival /DE; Clone Cells /DE; Drug Resistance; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Lymphoma /PA MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000416 TIOn the clonality of tumours [letter] AUWoodruff MF; Ansell JD EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p407 MJNeoplasms; Tumor Stem Cells MTAnimal; Human IS0007-0920 LAEnglish JCAV4 SBM; X UI86000417 TITwenty-sixth annual general meeting of the British Association for Cancer Research (in conjunction with the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer--Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Group and the Drug Metabolism Group). March 24-27, 1985, Birmingham, U.K. EM8601 SOBr J Cancer (England), Sep 1985, 52(3) p409-67 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms MTAnimal; Human IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000418 TIInvestigation of infection in immunocompromised patients [editorial] AURogers TR EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p195-201 MJBacterial Infections; Immune Tolerance MNBone Marrow /TR; Diarrhea /ET; Fever /ET; Leukemia /DT; Mycoses /DI; Neutropenia /CO; Pneumonia /ET; Postoperative Complications /ET MTHuman RN6835-00-3 (Reticulin) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000419 TIBone marrow biopsy findings in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. ABBone marrow biopsies from 13 cases of lymph-node-biopsy-proven angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD) were studied. Eight cases (62%) showed a characteristic 'granulomatoid' lymphoreticular infiltrate composed of a mixture of lymphocytes, epithelioid histiocytes, immunoblasts, plasma cells and eosinophils in varying proportions. Proliferation of blood vessels, although much less prominent than that described in lymph nodes, and a marked degree of reticulin fibrosis were also noted. The pattern of involvement was mainly focal and rarely diffuse. The foci were either single or multiple, and were distributed throughout the marrow but were only rarely paratrabecular. The associated haematopoietic marrow findings were nonspecific regardless of degree of bone marrow involvement. The histopathology of involved bone marrows in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is such that in some cases it should strongly suggest the diagnosis even in the absence of a prior definitive lymph node biopsy. Differentiating features from other disorders that might be confused with AILD are discussed. Survival rate was adversely affected by bone marrow involvement. AUGhani AM; Krause JR EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p203-13 MJBone Marrow; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy MNAged; Biopsy; Eosinophils /PA; Extracellular Space; Fibroblasts /PA; Histiocytes /PA; Lymphocytes /PA; Middle Age; Plasma Cells /PA; Reticulin MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 2.7.1.21 (Thymidine Kinase) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000420 TIEvaluation of serum deoxythymidine kinase as a marker in multiple myeloma. ABA recently developed deoxythymidine kinase assay utilizing 125I-iododeoxyuridine as substrate was used in an investigation of sera from 122 untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Most patients had slightly elevated or normal serum deoxythymidine kinase activity (S-TK), although in some patients values increased by more than forty-fold were found. S-TK correlated with the haemoglobin level but did not correlate with sex, age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, nor with the serum concentrations of creatinine, beta 2-micro-globulin, Ca or M-component. The distribution of S-TK values in IgG, IgA and pure Bence-Jones myeloma did not differ significantly. Patients with IgG and IgA myeloma excreting light-chain immunoglobulin in the urine had significantly higher S-TK than non-excreters. There was a significant correlation between S-TK values and tumour cell mass as determined by clinical staging. A high pretreatment S-TK (greater than 5.1 units) also distinguished a group of patients with a significantly shorter survival time. Patients with no response to initial therapy had significantly higher S-TK values than those who did respond. In longitudinal studies of 11 patients, S-TK was found to increase when the disease became more aggressive. The possibility of diagnosing disease progression at an early stage by an elevation of S-TK is discussed. AUSimonsson B; Kallander CF ; Brenning G; Killander A; Ahre A; Gronowitz JS EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p215-24 MJEnzyme Tests; Multiple Myeloma /DI; Thymidine Kinase MNAdult; Aged; Evaluation Studies; Immunoglobulins /AN; Middle Age; Multiple Myeloma /BL /TH; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000421 TIExtramedullary presentation of the blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia. ABWe report the clinical histories and a multiparameter pathological study of the extramedullary lesions of seven patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in whom the initial clinical presentation of blast crisis (BC) was in an extramedullary site (lymph nodes in six, mandibular mass in one). Bone marrow BC was demonstrated simultaneously or within a few months in four patients. Three patients received chemotherapy only, four underwent bone marrow transplant. Six patients died within 1 year from diagnosis of extramedullary BC, one is alive without disease. The longest survivals (12+, 12, 11 months) were those of patients who never developed bone marrow BC and were recipients of bone marrow transplant. Studies of extramedullary disease included: histology; histochemistry for chloracetate esterase (CAE) and lysozyme; assays for TdT; electron microscopy; immunofluorescence for Fc-receptors, immunoglobulins and lymphoid and myeloid antigens by a panel of monoclonal antibodies; and cytogenetics. Three cases were classified as myeloid BC based on histochemistry and/or ultrastructure and immunology (OKM1+, MCS2+, IG10+); two as lymphoid BC (CAE-, lysozyme-, TdT+), one of them expressing a T-cell phenotype. Cytogenetic analysis of extramedullary lesions and simultaneous or subsequent bone marrows demonstrated identical karyotypes in three patients and significantly different karyotypes in one. AUJacknow G; Frizzera G; Gajl-Peczalska K; Banks PM; Arthur DC; McGlave PB; Hurd DD EM8601 IDCA 16450-09; CA 17034 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p225-36 MJBone Marrow; Leukemia, Myelocytic /PA; Lymph Nodes MNAdult; Histocytochemistry; Karyotyping; Leukemia, Myelocytic /FG /IM; Mandible /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigens) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000422 TILineage specific classification of leukaemia: results of the analysis of sixty cases of childhood leukaemia. ABIn addition to conventional morphological, histochemical and immunological marker studies, cells from 60 children with leukaemia were further analysed using the Southern blot hybridization technique to look at differences in the organization of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Of the 60 patients studied by conventional means, 47 were diagnosed as acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and 13 as non-lymphocytic leukaemia. Seven patients were initially classified as T ALL and 40 as non-T, non-B ALL. Further subclassification of the 40 patients with non-T, non-B ALL indicated three pre-B ALL and 29 patients diagnosed as common ALL, expressing Ia and CALLA antigens. All 29 patients with common ALL demonstrated C mu gene rearrangements with or without light chain (kappa and lambda) genes rearrangement. Based on the developmental hierarchy of Ig gene rearrangement, it was possible to further subclassify the patients with common ALL into different stages of B cell development. Eight (of the 40) patients with non-T, non-B ALL were identified as CALLA- but further analysis indicated T-lineage origin in two patients and three patients were reclassified as acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL). C mu gene rearrangements were detected in two patients with T ALL, two patients with AUL and one patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). In contrast to the patients with common ALL, Ig gene rearrangement observed in these non-B-lineage cells was restricted to a single C mu gene while retaining germ-line configuration of the other allele of the C mu gene and both light chain genes. AUHa K; Hozumi N; Hrincu A; Gelfand EW EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p237-49 MJImmunoglobulins; Leukemia MNAdolescence; Antigens, Immune Response /AN; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN; B Lymphocytes /IM; Child, Preschool; Child; Genes; Infant; Leukemia /FG /IM; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000423 TIMultimarker phenotypic characterization of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an Italian multicentre study. ABA multicentre phenotypic study was carried out in Italy combining conventional immunological techniques with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) analysis in 190 cases of adult and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in an attempt to define better the lineage relationship of the neoplastic cells. Of the 140 children evaluated, 79.3% expressed the common ALL (cALL) antigen (all analyses performed by MoAb), 11.4% were T-ALL and 9.3% were non-T, non-B, non-common ('null') ALL. The proportion of adult cALL cases was slightly lower (64% of the 50 cases studied) than that of childhood ALL, whilst the incidence of T-ALL was significantly higher in adults than in children (26% v. 11.4%, P less than 0.05). Because of the high proportion of cALL cases, the incidence of 'null' ALL in adult patients was similar (10%) to that of children, and lower than previously reported. The recognition of early pre-T-ALL cases (T1+, RFT2+, T10+, T6-, T11-, E-) contributed to the overall low proportion of 'null' ALL; prior to the use of MoAb, such cases would probably have been classified as undifferentiated acute leukaemia or 'null' ALL. The search for B-cell-related markers showed that the incidence of pre-B-ALL cases (cytoplasmic immunoglobulin positive cases) was similar in adults and in children (25.6% and 32%, respectively). Furthermore, the great majority of cases studied expressed the BA-1 antigen (92.8% of adults and 79% of children), whilst the BA-2 antigen was found in 53% of cases (tested only in children), confirming a hierarchy in the expression of B-cell related markers in cALL: BA-1, BA-2, CyIg. Several of the 'null' cases also expressed the BA-1 antigen on a variable proportion of cells, pointing to a possible B-cell origin of the blasts. This multicentre study shows that both in adult and in childhood ALL the combined use of conventional immunological markers and of a panel of MoAb allows identification of the cell lineage of the great majority of cases, thus reducing the number of 'null' ALL. Furthermore, these findings suggest that practically all cases of ALL belong either to the T or to the B cell compartment and that the neoplastic cells appear blocked at different levels along the lymphoid differentiation pathway. AUFoa R ; Baldini L; Cattoretti G; Foa P; Gobbi M; Lauria F; Madon E; Masera G; Miniero R; Paolucci P; et al EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p251-9 MJLeukemia, Lymphoblastic MNAcute Disease; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antigens, Neoplasm /AN /GE; B Lymphocytes /IM; Child; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic /IM; Lymphocytes, Null /IM; Phenotype; T Lymphocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 154-42-7 (Thioguanine); 20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000424 TIDaunomycin administered by continuous intravenous infusion is effective in the treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia. ABAnthracyclines given by continuous infusion, as opposed to bolus administration, are associated with a reduced incidence of cardiac and gastrointestinal toxicity. Our study was developed to test the antileukaemic effect of anthracyclines given as a continuous infusion. Nineteen sequential patients admitted for treatment of acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL) were managed with a regimen utilizing a 3 d continuous intravenous infusion of daunomycin (DNM), and the complete response rate was similar to this institution's past experience with antileukaemic regimens employing 3 d bolus DNM. In our studies, infusion DNM was at least as myelotoxic and antileukaemic as bolus DNM; thus this method of administration should be explored further in remission-induction regimens for ANLL. AULewis JP; Meyers FJ; Tanaka L EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p261-5 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Daunorubicin; Leukemia MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Cytarabine /AD; Drug Administration Schedule; Infusions, Parenteral; Middle Age; Thioguanine /AD; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000425 TICyclosporin A in the treatment of severe acute aplastic anaemia. ABTwelve consecutive adults with severe acute aplastic anaemia, not having a bone marrow transplantation option, were prospectively randomized to receive either cyclosporin A alone or an equivalent amount of this immunosuppressive agent in combination with antilymphocyte serum. The minimum follow-up is 36 months, with half the patients developing nephrotoxicity, which was easily reversible in all but one. No response could be attributed to either regimen. Cyclosporin A does not appear to have a place as primary form of treatment for adults with severe acute aplastic anaemia, either on its own or in combination with antilymphocyte serum. AUJacobs P; Wood L; Martell RW EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p267-72 MJAnemia, Aplastic; Cyclosporins MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Antilymphocyte Serum /TU; Child; Drug Therapy, Combination; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000426 TIRegulation of erythropoiesis during rapid growth. ABHigh levels of plasma erythropoiesis stimulating factor(s) (ESF) have been found in neonatal WLO-mice during the period of rapid growth. If the high ESF activity is due to the concomitant physiological anaemia of infancy alone, it should be possible to block erythropoiesis by hypertransfusion. Mice were hypertransfused starting on day 14, and killed on day 20. Although hypertransfusion reduced the ESF levels by approximately 55% (P less than 0.001), ESF levels were still detectable in the cell culture assay used (P less than 0.001). Moreover, hypertransfused mice showed active erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, and none had a reticulocyte count below 2%. No correlation was found between PCV and ESF in the hypertransfused animals (r = 0.07, P greater than 0.5), nor was there any difference in weight gain between control and hypertransfused mice (P greater than 0.5). These results show that hypertransfusion did not totally supress erythropoiesis in neonatal WLO-mice, which is different from hypertransfused adult mice. The data indicate that the high plasma ESF found in neonatal WLO-mice during the growth period are not due to the anaemia alone. These findings support studies indicating that regulation of erythropoiesis in the neonate differs from the adult. Factors related to growth per se could be responsible for this difference. AUSanengen T; Halvorsen S EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p273-9 MJAnimals, Newborn; Erythropoiesis MNBlood Transfusion; Erythrocyte Count; Hematocrit; Mice; Reticulocytes MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000427 TIHuman mononuclear phagocyte differentiation: a study of the U-937 cell line by ultrastructural cytochemistry and surface antigen analysis. ABU-937 represents a well-established permanent human haematopoietic cell line, which exhibits characteristics of the monocyte/macrophage series. U-937 cells were investigated by peroxidase ultrastructural cytochemistry in order to determine the normal developmental stage to which they correspond. This study was performed in non- and TPA-stimulated cells, in conjunction with surface analysis by monoclonal antibodies. It is concluded: (1) peroxidase-positive U-937 cells are monoblasts and promonocytes involved in myeloperoxidase synthesis; (2) TPA-stimulation caricatures transformation of these cells into monocytes but not into resident macrophages, as far as peroxidase cytochemistry is concerned; (3) the reactivity of myeloperoxidase present in the endoplasmic reticulum of synthesizing cells is inhibited by glutaraldehyde fixation. AUGourdin MF; Vasconcelos AW; Tabilio A; Divine M; Farcet JP; Reyes F EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p281-91 MJHematopoietic Stem Cells /UL; Macrophages; Monocytes MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /EN /IM; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Peroxidases /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11096-26-7 (Erythropoietin) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000428 TIIn vitro erythropoietin assay based on erythroid colony formation in fetal mouse liver cell culture. ABCritical studies were made on erythroid colony formation from cultured fetal mouse liver cells in an attempt to develop a simple and sensitive erythropoietin (Epo) assay procedure. The maximum colony formation was observed 24 h after plating of the cells when an evident dose-response relation was found for Epo added. The colony forming ability decreased steadily as the gestational age of the fetus advanced and was gradually lost by postnatal days 10-11. By morphological and cytochemical criteria almost all the colonies were found to be erythroid. 59Fe-labelling experiments revealed a fairly good correlation between the colony number and 59Fe incorporation into both cells and haem. Dose-response curves for plasma were parallel to the Epo standard curve. Based on these findings we developed a procedure which could measure as little as 0.4 mU of Epo without requiring 59Fe. Using this method, plasma Epo titres were determined in 16 normal and 69 anaemic subjects. AUSakata S; Enoki Y; Tomita S; Kohzuki H EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p293-302 MJColony-Forming Units Assay; Erythropoietin; Liver MNBiological Assay /MT; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Erythropoietin /PD; Gestational Age; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000429 TIEndogenous origin of microbiologically-inactive cobalamins (cobalamin analogues) in the human fetus. ABThe cobalamin content of placenta, maternal and fetal sera was assayed by methods which measure microbiologically-active and microbiologically-inactive cobalamins. Only microbiologically-active cobalamins were present in the placenta but both types were present in both maternal and fetal circulations. We conclude that only microbiologically-active cobalamins cross the placenta and that the microbiologically inactive cobalamins in the fetus must arise by metabolism in situ. AUMuir M; Landon M EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p303-6 MJFetal Blood; Placenta; Vitamin B 12 MNBlood Chemical Analysis /MT; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12 /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (factor VIII clotting antigen) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000430 TIProfound alterations of the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor in a patient with malignant lymphoma. ABLaboratory investigation of an acquired haemorrhagic diathesis in a 63-year-old man with malignant lymphoma revealed the classical haemostatic defects found in von Willebrand's disease (vWD). In addition, SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis demonstrated alterations of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimeric structure. A profound defect of large and intermediate size multimers was observed which was different from those seen in variants of congenital vWD. In vitro, weak inhibitory activity against factor VIII procoagulant activity and ristocetin cofactor activity was present in the patient's plasma. When patient's plasma was incubated with normal plasma, followed by centrifugation, vWF antigen (vWF:Ag) was precipitated. In vivo, after transfusion of cryoprecipitate, there was rapid plasma clearance of vWF:Ag and ristocetin cofactor and of FVIII coagulant activities. AUTran-Thang C; Mannucci PM; Schneider P; Federici A; Bachmann F EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p307-14 MJLymphoma; Von Willebrand Factor MNFactor VIII /AN; Lymphoma /CO; Macromolecular Systems; Middle Age; Von Willebrand's Disease /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.4.3 (Phospholipase C); 55-91-4 (Isoflurophate); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 9001-25-6 (Factor VII) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000431 TIA novel form of factor VII in plasma from men at risk for cardiovascular disease. ABIn the Northwick Park Heart Study high activity of the coagulation factor VII was associated with cardiovascular deaths. We confirm here that men at high risk for such disease have increased levels of factor VII activity and demonstrate for the first time that this is due to a phospholipid-factor VII complex in their plasma. This complex increases the specific activity of its factor VII significantly. It is not inhibited by a neutralizing antiserum to thromboplastin and thus does not represent a factor VII-thromboplastin complex. Gel filtration data suggest an apparent Mr of 66-72 000 for the complex. Factor VII in this phospholipid complex is more sensitive than native factor VII to the serine protease inhibitor diisopropyl-fluorophosphate, consistent with a more accessible active site conformation (and a higher specific activity) for factor VII in the complex. The level of phospholipid-factor VII complex showed a significant positive correlation with plasma triglycerides and correlation of borderline significance with cholesterol. AUDalaker K; Hjermann I; Prydz H EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p315-22 MJCardiovascular Diseases; Factor VII; Phospholipids MNAdult; Cholesterol /AN; Chromatography, Gel; Isoflurophate /PD; Phospholipase C /DU; Risk MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (factor VIII clotting antigen) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000432 TIFactor VIII antibody in a patient with mild haemophilia. ABWe present the rare occurrence of an inhibitor of factor VIII procoagulant arising in a patient with mild haemophilia A and rheumatoid arthritis. The inhibitor was transient and behaved like a low titre, type II factor VIII procoagulant inhibitor similar to previously reported cases (Biggs et al, 1972b). In vitro studies confirmed the type II-like interaction of this inhibitor with the factor VIII procoagulant molecule. Factor VIII procoagulant antigen level was equal to the factor VIII procoagulant activity, which excluded dysproteinaemia as the cause. This patient's HLA type has no known association with abnormal immune responsiveness or autoimmune disease, and his clinical course as well as in vitro studies were similar to the eight previously reported cases of factor VIII procoagulant inhibitors arising in mild haemophilia A. AUBovill EG; Burns SL; Golden EA EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p323-8 MJAntibodies; Factor VIII; Hemophilia /IM MNAged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /CO; Hemophilia /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male RN9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000433 TICharacterization of an occult inhibitor to factor IX in a haemophilia B patient. ABSix haemophilia B patients were studied while undergoing infusion with factor IX concentrate. All were negative for factor IX antigen (IX:AG) and inhibitor to factor IX coagulant activity (IX:C). One patient showed an atypical response pattern, with prolonged survival of IX:C and IX:Ag. This patient remained under prophylactic treatment and more than 1 year later developed an inhibitor to IX:C of clinical significance. Retrospective study revealed that this patient had significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes than other haemophilia B patients and in vivo formation of immune complexes containing IX:Ag prior to detection of his inhibitor in conventional clotting assays, suggesting long-term persistence of an occult inhibitor. The inhibitor was shown to be an IgG antibody with both kappa and lambda light chains. AUMiller CH; Orstavik KH; Hilgartner MW EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p329-38 MJAntibodies; Christmas Disease; Factor IX MNAdult; Antigen-Antibody Complex /AN; Antigens /AN; Christmas Disease /IM /TH; Factor IX /IM /TU; IgG; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000434 TIIdiopathic combined immunocytopenia. ABFour patients with combined immunocytopenia of unknown origin were investigated. Two patients with pancytopenia had allo- and autoantibodies against erythrocytes, granulocytes and thrombocytes. Two other patients with granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia showed allo- and autoantibodies against granulocytes and thrombocytes. All patients went into a transient or persistent remission under immunosuppressive therapy. The normalization of peripheral blood correlated with the disappearance of antibodies suggesting that the cytopenia was caused by an antibody mediated autoimmune mechanism. AUWiesneth M; Pflieger H; Frickhofen N; Heimpel H EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p339-48 MJAgranulocytosis /IM; Autoimmune Diseases /IM; Pancytopenia /IM; Thrombocytopenia /IM MNAdult; Agranulocytosis /DT; Autoantibodies /AN; Autoimmune Diseases /DT; Immunosuppressive Agents /TU; Middle Age; Pancytopenia /DT; Thrombocytopenia /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000435 TIAutoimmune disease in hairy-cell leukaemia: clinical syndromes and treatment. ABThirty-seven patients with hairy-cell leukaemia were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of autoimmune disease. Ten definite and two probable cases were identified; these patients had positive serologies (immune complexes, antinuclear antibodies or rheumatoid factor) or biopsy-proven vasculitis. Clinically, two distinct syndromes were recognized. Six patients had joint symptoms, usually associated with nodular skin lesions; all responded promptly to therapy. Four additional cases had a more severe disease consisting of fevers, malaise, weight loss, skin rash, and variable visceral involvement; there was one death in this group. There appeared to be no relationship between presence of vasculitis and the severity or progression of the underlying malignant disease. We conclude that autoimmune disease is much more frequent in hairy-cell leukaemia than has previously been recognized, and that the outcome in these syndromes is usually good. Although the autoimmune syndrome generally responds promptly to splenectomy, corticosteroids, or cytotoxic therapy, failure to recognize this complication may lead to increased morbidity and occasional mortality. AUWestbrook CA; Golde DW EM8601 IDCA327-37 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p349-56 MJAutoimmune Diseases; Leukemia, Hairy Cell MNGranuloma /ET; Joint Diseases /ET; Liver Diseases /ET; Lung Diseases /ET; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies; Syndrome; Vasculitis /ET MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000436 TIClassification of anaemia on the basis of ferrokinetic parameters. ABQuantitative information on abnormalities of erythropoiesis and mechanisms of anaemia has been obtained in 136 anaemic patients by means of ferrokinetic studies. To derive a functional classification of anaemia based on ferrokinetic parameters, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and principal coordinate analysis were utilized as techniques for unsupervised classification. Two main clusters were found and named anaemia with low potential erythropoiesis and with high potential erythropoiesis, since the most discriminant parameter between them was total erythroid iron turnover, a measure of total erythropoietic activity. A value of total erythropoiesis equal to 4 times the normal was found to discriminate these two types of anaemia in 94% of cases. Within the group with low potential erythropoiesis, three clusters showing different qualitative disturbances of erythropoiesis were singled out. Among patients with high potential erythropoiesis, two clusters were found. A value of effective erythropoiesis equal to 2.5 times the normal was shown to have a high discriminant power between these clusters. This threshold level distinguished between patients having ineffective erythropoiesis or peripheral haemolysis as the major mechanism of anaemia. The present functional classification of anaemia provides a complete picture of the different pathogenetic mechanisms and may represent the basis for a more rational diagnostic approach to erythroid disorders. AUBarosi G; Cazzola M; Berzuini C; Quaglini S; Stefanelli M EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p357-70 MJAnemia /CL MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Anemia /BL; Child; Erythrocyte Aging; Erythrocytes /ME; Erythropoiesis; Iron /BL; Kinetics; Middle Age; Statistics MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000437 TIT-lymphocyte marker analysis in chronic neutropenia. AUvan der Veen JP; von dem Borne AE EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p371-4 MJAgranulocytosis; Neutropenia; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Chronic Disease; Lymphocytosis /IM; Middle Age; Syndrome MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1048 LAEnglish JCAXC SBM; X UI86000438 TIFurther observation on post-transfusion purpura (PTP) [letter] AUvon dem Borne AE; van der Plas-van Dalen CM EM8601 SOBr J Haematol (England), Oct 1985, 61(2) p374-5 MJBlood Transfusion; Purpura MNBlood Platelets /IM; Isoantibodies /AN MTFemale; Human IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000439 TIHealth assessment of applicants for nurse training [editorial] AULunn JA EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p649-50 MJEducation, Nursing; Occupational Health Services MNGreat Britain; State Medicine MTHuman RN7440-43-9 (Cadmium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000440 TICancer mortality of cadmium workers. ABSeveral epidemiological studies of workers exposed to cadmium indicate an increased risk of lung and prostatic cancer. The increase is statistically significant in some of the studies but the SMR is greater than 100 in almost all. A cohort study of the mortality among 522 Swedish workers exposed to cadmium for at least one year in a nickel-cadmium battery plant support the earlier findings. The SMR for lung and prostatic cancer increased with increasing dose and latency but did not obtain statistical significance. A combination of all the available data from the most recent follow up of causes of death among cadmium workers in six different cohorts shows 28 cases of prostatic cancer (SMR = 162) and 195 cases of lung cancer (SMR = 121). This new analysis suggests that long term, high level exposure to cadmium is associated with an increased risk of cancer. The role of concomitant exposure to nickel needs further study. AUElinder CG; Kjellstrom T ; Hogstedt C; Andersson K; Spang G EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p651-5 MJCadmium; Neoplasms /MO; Occupational Diseases /MO MNLung Neoplasms /CI /MO; Neoplasms /CI; Occupational Diseases /CI; Prostatic Neoplasms /CI /MO; Sweden; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000441 TIJob load and hazard analysis: a method for the analysis of workplace conditions for occupational health care. ABOne requirement for successful occupational health care is reliable information on occupational hazards. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, standardised method for workplace investigations for use in occupational health care. The theoretical framework of the method comprises the stress-strain model, the hazard-danger model, and risk behaviour theory. The new method, termed job load and hazard analysis, includes four stages: identification of hazards, their evaluation, conclusions and proposals, and follow up. Different methods are available for hazard identification. The identification starts with a rough analysis of five factors, chemical hazards, physical hazards, physical load, mental stress, and accident risk. Hazards and stress factors are assessed with an ordinal scale. Specialised methods are used if all hazards cannot otherwise be identified. The analytical procedure comprises: detection of hazards through observations and interviews at the workplace and with a questionnaire; assessment of findings as teamwork; and evaluation of the results of these assessments to yield conclusions and proposals made by occupational health care personnel. A data processing system has been developed for data storage and future use. The method has functioned in practice, improving the contents of the occupational health care programme and generating preventive measures. The method offers many new possibilities for controlling occupational hazards and studying relations between working conditions and workers' health. AUMattila MK EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p656-66 MJEnvironmental Monitoring; Occupational Health Services MNAccidents, Occupational; Environmental Exposure; Risk; Stress, Psychological; Work Schedule Tolerance MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000443 TIA study of white finger in the gas industry. ABMen engaged in breaking or reinstating road surfaces are exposed to vibration from mechanical tools. In view of the lack of epidemiological information on vibration white finger in such a population, a survey was carried out to identify the prevalence of symptoms of white finger in a sample of men using these tools in the gas industry and to compare the prevalence with that found in a control group not occupationally exposed to vibration. Altogether 905 men (97%) in the gas industry and 552 men (92%) in the control group were interviewed, using a questionnaire from which the presence or absence of white finger symptoms from all causes was noted. The prevalence of white finger was 9.6% in the group exposed to vibration at work compared with 9.5% in the control group. The prevalence in the former group when adjusted for age differences between the survey and control populations was 12.2%, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In case the approach of comparing prevalences of white finger from all causes might have obscured any contributory effect of vibration, the prevalence of white finger was examined in relation to the number of years vibrating tools had been used, this being the only measure of exposure to vibration available. No direct association was found between the prevalence of symptoms and number of years vibrating tools had been used. In view of this and the absence of a significant excess of white finger symptoms in the group using vibratory tools, the authors conclude that vibration white finger is not a special problem in the gas industry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWalker DD; Jones B; Ogston S; Tasker EG; Robinson AJ EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p672-7 MJOccupational Diseases; Raynaud's Disease; Vibration MNAdult; Equipment and Supplies; Fingers /BS; Fossil Fuels; Great Britain; Industry; Ischemia /ET; Middle Age; Raynaud's Disease /OC MTHuman; Male RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000444 TIInfluence of local vibration on plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. ABThis study was designed to obtain basic information about the mechanism of the occurrence of muscular disorders after exposure to vibration. The hind legs of rats were exposed to acute and chronic local vibration at frequencies of 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 Hz with a constant acceleration of 50 m/sec2. The exposure time was four hours for acute, and four hours a day for two weeks continuously for chronic exposure. Blood was collected after exposure to measure plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity. In both exposure groups the activity of plasma CPK was significantly higher at 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 Hz compared with the control group and was especially high at 30 Hz; there was no significant change at 960 Hz. As a result of an analysis of the CPK isoenzymes, the increase in plasma CPK activity was shown to be due to the activity of the plasma CPK-MM fraction, originating in the skeletal muscle. Plasma CPK activity showed a tendency to decrease gradually with the increase in vibration frequency during acute exposure but showed no such tendency during chronic exposure. There was no remarkable pathohistological change in muscle preparations from the hind legs, hence it was presumed that the increase in plasma CPK activity was caused not by the morphological changes of muscle but by other mechanisms, such as an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane. AUOkada A; Okuda H; Inaba R; Ariizumi M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p678-81 MJCreatine Kinase; Vibration MNMuscles /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RN24952-65-6 (diethyllead); 7439-92-1 (Lead); 78-00-2 (Tetraethyl Lead) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000445 TIDiethyllead as a specific indicator of occupational exposure to tetraethyllead. ABIn a group of 26 workers exposed to tetraethyllead a correlation was found between the concentration of tetraethyllead in the air and the concentration of diethyllead (r = 0.70) and total lead (r = 0.84) in the urine and also between the excretion of diethyllead and total lead (r = 0.68). The results obtained indicate that diethyllead may be used as a specific indicator of occupational exposure to tetraethyllead. AUTurlakiewicz Z; Chmielnicka J EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p682-5 MJGasoline; Lead; Organometallic Compounds; Petroleum; Tetraethyl Lead MNEnvironmental Exposure MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-15-6 (Ozone); 127-18-4 (Tetrachloroethylene) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000446 TIAn outbreak of illness after occupational exposure to ozone and acid chlorides. ABNew labelling processes installed without adequate ventilation control in an electric motor factory exposed production line workers to toxic gases. Symptoms of eye and respiratory tract irritation together with complaints of headache, fever, chills, dizziness, malaise, general weakness, nausea, and vomiting were widespread. Chest signs, radiographic abnormalities, reduction in ventilatory function, and blood gas abnormalities were found in some cases. Epidemiological analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of cases supported an exposure effect relationship. Investigations suggested ozone and possibly phosgene and associated trichloroacetyl chlorides as the toxic agents that were generated by an ultraviolet print curing arrangement and perchloroethylene used as a cleaning solvent. AUNg TP; Tsin TW; O'Kelly FJ EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p686-90 MJDisease Outbreaks; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Occupational Diseases /OC; Ozone MNOccupational Diseases /CI; Printing; Tetrachloroethylene /AE MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN118-96-7 (Trinitrotoluene); 60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000447 TIUrinary screening for potentially genotoxic exposures in a chemical industry. ABMutagenic activity, measured by the bacterial fluctuation assay and thioether concentration in urine from workers at a chemical plant producing pharmaceuticals and explosives, was determined before and after exposure. Of 12 groups only those exposed to trinitrotoluene (n = 14) showed a significant increase in mutagenic activity using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 without any exogenous metabolic system. The same strain responded only weakly when the S-9 mix was used; with Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA no effect of exposure was observed. Urinary thioether concentration was higher among smokers than among non-smokers, but occupational exposure had no effect. Urinary mutagenicity testing may be a useful tool for screening potentially genotoxic exposures in complex chemical environments. AUAhlborg G Jr; Bergstrom B ; Hogstedt C; Einisto P ; Sorsa M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p691-9 MJChemical Industry; Mutagens MNCreatinine /UR; Environmental Exposure; Escherichia Coli; Mutagenicity Tests; Salmonella Typhimurium; Smoking; Sulfides /UR; Trinitrotoluene /AE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); 14808-60-7 (Quartz); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000448 TIPulmonary response to agate dust in vivo and cytotoxic and haemolytic effects in vitro. ABThe pulmonary response to agate dust in vivo was investigated and also its cytotoxic action on peritoneal macrophages and sheep erythrocytes in vitro. The results were compared with quartz dust as the known fibrogenic dust and emery dust (Corundum) was used as a control dust. Agate increased the wet and dry weight of lungs and induced increased collagen formation and a non-reversible fibrotic reaction in the lungs. The tissue response and lung changes were of milder intensity than seen in rats exposed to quartz. In vitro, the extent of dye-uptake and haemolysis yielded results similar to those of the in vivo studies. Release of lactic dehydrogenase into the culture medium was similar in both the agate and emery exposed cells but significantly less when compared with quartz treated cells. AUKaw JL; Waseem M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p700-6 MJDust; Lung /PA; Silica MNCell Survival; Collagen /ME; Hemolysis; Lactate Dehydrogenase /ME; Lung /ME; Organ Weight; Quartz /AE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN12172-73-5 (amosite); 1332-21-4 (Asbestos) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000449 TIKinetics of deposition and clearance of inhaled mineral dusts during chronic exposure. ABNew inhalation studies have been carried out with rats exposed to UICC (Union International Contre le Cancer) amosite asbestos, with the main aim of further elucidating the factors the influence the accumulation of dust in the lung during prolonged chronic exposure. The results show that, for exposure times beyond a few weeks, the lung burden rises linearly and does not level off as predicted by simple models based on ideas taken from the 1966 report of the Task Group on Lung Dynamics. Furthermore, the lung burden is found to scale directly in proportion to the exposure concentration in a way that seems to contradict the overload hypothesis stated earlier. Nevertheless, the general pattern exhibited by our results for asbestos is markedly similar to that found elsewhere for rats inhaling diesel fume, leading to the suggestion that it is general (and not specific to fibrous dust); and the hypothesis that, whereas overload of clearance can take place at high lung burdens after exposure has ceased, it is cancelled by the sustained stimulus to clearance mechanisms provided by the continuous challenge of chronic exposure. The linearity of the increase in lung burden is explained in terms of a kinetic model involving sequestration of some inhaled material to parts of the lung where it is difficult to clear. The particular sequestration model favoured is one where, the longer a particle remains in the lung without being cleared, the more likely it will be sequestrated (and therefore less likely cleared). It is believed that such ideas may eventually be useful in forming exposure-dose relations for epidemiology. AUVincent JH; Johnston AM; Jones AD; Bolton RE; Addison J EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p707-15 MJAsbestos; Dust; Lung /PP MNAsbestos /AN; Dust /AE /AN; Kinetics; Lung /AN; Models, Biological; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000450 TITumour initiators, promoters, and complete carcinogens. AUBoyland E EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Oct 1985, 42(10) p716-8 MJCarcinogens MNAge Factors; Carcinogens /PD; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /DE; Free Radicals; Mice; Mutagens MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN624-83-9 (methyl isocyanate) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000451 TIDoes acute toxicity testing tell us anything useful? Methyl isocyanate as a test case [editorial] AUSalmon AG EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p577-8 MJAccidents, Occupational; Chemical Industry; Cyanates; Toxicology MNGreat Britain; Lethal Dose 50 MTAnimal; Human IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000452 TIBehavioural evaluation of workers exposed to mixtures of organic solvents. ABReports from Scandinavia have suggested behavioural impairment among long term workers exposed to solvents below regulatory standards. A cross sectional study of behavioural performance was conducted among printers and spray painters exposed to mixtures of organic solvents to replicate the Scandinavian studies and to examine dose-response relationships. Eligible subjects consisted of 640 hourly workers from four midwestern United States companies. Of these, 269 responded to requests to participate and 240 were selected for study based on restrictions for age, sex, education, and other potentially confounding variables. The subjects tested had been employed on average for six years. Each subject completed an occupational history, underwent a medical examination, and completed a battery of behavioural tests. These included the Fitts law psychomotor task, the Stroop colour-word test, the Sternberg short term memory scanning test, the short term memory span test, and the continuous recognition memory test. Solvent exposure for each subject was defined as an exposed or non-exposed category based on a plant industrial hygiene walk-through and the concentration of solvents based on an analysis of full shift personal air samples by gas chromatography. The first definition was used to maintain consistency with Scandinavian studies, but the second was considered to be more accurate. The average full shift solvent concentration was 302 ppm for the printing plant workers and 6-13 ppm for the workers at other plants. Isopropanol and hexane were the major components, compared with toluene in Scandinavian studies. Performance on behavioural tests was analysed using multiple linear regression with solvent concentration as an independent variable. Other relevant demographic variables were also considered for inclusion. No significant (p greater than 0.05) relation between solvent concentration and impairment on any of the 10 behavioural variables was observed after controlling for confounding variables. Exposed/non-exposed comparisons showed a significantly poorer digit span among those exposed, but this has not been generally reported in the Scandinavian studies. The medical examination showed no abnormalities of clinical significance. The inability to replicate the findings of the Scandinavian studies could have been due to the shortness of the duration of workers' exposure, the type of solvents in the mixtures, use of different behavioural tests, or to selection factors. AUMaizlish NA; Langolf GD; Whitehead LW; Fine LJ; Albers JW; Goldberg J; Smith P EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p579-90 MJBehavior; Occupational Diseases /PX; Solvents MNAdult; Chemical Industry; Cross Sectional Studies; Michigan; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /CI; Ohio; Paint /AE; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN107-21-1 (ethylene glycol); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 67-64-1 (Acetone); 68-12-2 (Dimethylformamide); 78-93-3 (methylethyl ketone) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000453 TIInfluence of organic solvent mixtures on biological membranes. ABA simple experimental model was used to study the influence of organic solvents and solvent mixtures on the integrity of biological membranes. Radiolabelled membranes were prepared biosynthetically by growing Escherichia coli in the presence of 14C-oleic acid; the bulk of the radioactivity was incorporated into 14C-phosphatidylethanolamine, the predominant phospholipid species in E coli membranes. The radiolabelled bacteria were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of solvent, and the mixture filtrated through a Millipore 0.45 micron filter. This filtration retained radiolabel associated with the bacteria, and only radiolabel released as a result of solvent action was allowed through the filter. The radioactivity in the filtrate was then counted and expressed as a percentage of the total radioactivity. Results showed that aliphatic alcohols released membrane constituents in relation to their hydrocarbon chain length (1-propanol greater than 2-propanol greater than ethanol greater than methanol); the effects of aliphatic alcohols were potentiated by acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, ethylene glycol, and N,N'-dimethylformamide, and the effects of ethanol were potentiated by 1-butanol, benzyl alcohol, and ethylacetate. These findings point to the possibility that certain mixtures of organic solvents are more damaging to membranes than the components of the mixture would indicate, and suggest that the experimental model used might help in showing mixtures that are particularly harmful. AUGustafson C; Tagesson C EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p591-5 MJCell Membrane; Solvents MNAcetone /PD; Alcohol, Ethyl /PD; Alcohols /PD; Butanones /PD; Dimethylformamide /PD; Drug Synergism; Escherichia Coli /DE; Ethylene Glycols /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.1.3.3 (Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase); EC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); EC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000454 TINormal serum activities of liver enzymes in Swedish paint industry workers with heavy exposure to organic solvents. ABThe serum activities of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase were examined in 47 paint industry workers and unexposed age matched referents. The workers were exposed to a mixture of industrial solvents, of which xylene was the main component in most cases. The median total exposure was about 50% of Swedish 1981 threshold limit values according to measurements of individual solvent exposure performed at the same time. No differences in enzyme activities were shown either when the whole exposed and referent groups were compared or when the five workers with outstanding solvent exposures of five times the TLV or more were compared with their referents. It is concluded that in most workers the liver seems to remain largely undamaged from inhalation exposure to a commonly used mixture of non-chlorinated solvents. In many workers this seems to hold true even for high exposures for limited periods. AULundberg I; Hakansson M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p596-600 MJChemical Industry; Liver; Paint; Solvents MNAdult; Alanine Aminotransferase /BL; Aspartate Aminotransferase /BL; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /BL; Liver Diseases /CI; Maximum Permissible Exposure Level; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /CI; Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase /BL; Sweden MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12597-69-2 (Steel) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000455 TILung function measurements over 21 days shiftwork in steelworkers from a strandcasting department. ABOn the assumption that short term changes in lung function may reflect the potential for a long term decline the evolution of lung function indices in 25 steelworkers from a strandcasting department and in 11 comparable steelworkers not exposed to dust was investigated over an almost uninterrupted 21 day working period and over three different workshifts. The mean total dust level in the strandcasting department, assessed by personal sampling, was 11.8 mg/m3. All subjects were examined at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of their first (day 1) morning shift (0600 to 1400), their last (day 14) afternoon shift (1400 to 2200), and their last (day 21) night shift (2200 to 0600). Indices measured were vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and in three seconds (FEV3), forced expiratory flow over the middle half of the forced vital capacity (FEF25-75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), the slope of the N2 plateau (delta N2) and the closing volume (CV) of the single breath oxygen test. Differences in indices between initial values (0600 on day 1) and final values (0500 on day 21) were not significant in the control group (except delta N2 which became lower); in the casting group there were significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in FEF25-75 and FEV3, but these decreases were not significantly greater than in the control group. Lung function changes were not significant in either group over the morning shift. During the afternoon there were significant decreases in spirometric indices in the casting group, with no significant decreases in the control group, but the interactions between exposure and time were generally not significant. During the night shift, however, the decreases in FEV1 and FEF25-75 observed in the strandcasting group were significantly more pronounced than in the control group. The single breath test, which many subjects failed to perform correctly on each occasion, showed no significant changes in closing volumes, and an ╥improvement╙ of delta N2 over the morning and the night shift in the control but not the exposed subjects needs to be interpreted with caution. The more pronounced decrease in spirometric indices, suggestive of slight airways obstruction, found over the night shift in the strandcasting workers is attributed to their working environment. AUNemery B; Van Leemputten R; Goemaere E; Veriter C; Brasseur L EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p601-11 MJMetallurgy; Occupational Diseases; Respiratory Function Tests MNBelgium; Dust /AE; Forced Expiratory Volume; Steel; Vital Capacity MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (cement); 1305-62-0 (Calcium Hydroxide); 1332-21-4 (Asbestos) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000456 TIVentilatory decrements in former asbestos cement workers: a four year follow up. ABA four year follow up of the ventilatory function in former asbestos cement workers has been performed to determine whether any further decrease occurred after cessation of exposure. Seventy five of 125 subjects were eligible for re-examination and were compared with local referents. None showed signs of asbestosis but 32% had pleural plaques at the renewed examination. Cumulative asbestos exposure calculated as fibre x years had been estimated individually in the original examination. After adjustment for age, height, tracheal area, and smoking category the FVC and FEV1 for all exposed subjects were on average 7% v 6% less than predicted from the referents and twice as much for the subjects with the highest exposure. The four year declines in FVC and FEV1 were larger than in the referents, significantly so for FEV1. There were no significant correlations between pleural plaque and ventilatory function after adjustment for exposure. Thus the age adjusted reduction in ventilatory function had progressed during the follow up period despite the cessation of exposure and the lack of radiological signs of asbestosis. AUOhlson CG; Bodin L; Rydman T; Hogstedt C EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p612-6 MJAsbestos; Chemical Industry; Respiratory Function Tests MNAdult; Aged; Calcium Hydroxide; Forced Expiratory Volume; Middle Age; Occupational Diseases /ET; Pleural Diseases /ET; Smoking; Sweden; Time Factors; Vital Capacity MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7782-49-2 (Selenium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000457 TIProtective effect of selenium on lung cancer in smelter workers. ABA possible protective effect of selenium against lung cancer has been indicated in recent studies. Workers in copper smelters are exposed to a combination of airborne selenium and carcinogens. In this study lung tissue concentrations of selenium, antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lanthanum, and lead from 76 dead copper smelter workers were compared with those of 15 controls from a rural area and 10 controls from an urban area. The mean exposure time for the dead workers was 31.2 years, and the mean retirement time after the end of exposure 7.2 years. Lung cancer appeared in the workers with the lowest selenium lung tissue levels (selenium median value 71 micrograms/kg wet weight), as compared with both the controls (rural group, median value 110; urban group, median value 136) and other causes of death among the workers (median value 158). The quotient between the metals and selenium was used for comparison: a high quotient indicating a low protective effect of selenium and vice versa. The median values of the quotients between antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lanthanum, lead, chromium, and cobalt versus selenium were all numerically higher among the cases of lung cancer, the first five significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in 28 of the 35 comparisons between the lung cancer group and all other groups of smelter workers and controls. The different lung metal concentrations for each person were weighted according to their carcinogenic potency (Crx4 + Asx3 + Cdx2 + Sbx1 + Cox1 + Lax1 + Pbx1) against their corresponding selenium concentrations. From these calculations the protective effect of selenium was even more pronounced. AUGerhardsson L; Brune D; Nordberg IG; Wester PO EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p617-26 MJLung Neoplasms; Metallurgy; Occupational Diseases; Selenium MNAged; Lung /AN; Metals /AN; Norway; Risk; Smoking MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000458 TIGastric cancer in coal miners: a case-control study in a coal mining area. ABIn collaboration with three pathology departments a case-control study was conducted in the southern part of the Netherlands to investigate the risk of gastric cancer in coal miners. Between 1 January 1973 and 31 December 1983, 323 male patients were diagnosed as having a malignant neoplasm of the stomach. For each case a control was selected from the same pathology department, matched on year of birth and regardless of diagnosis. The archives of the Central Coal Miners Pension Fund were searched to obtain information about whether or not a patient had ever worked for a coal mining company in the Netherlands. Twenty two per cent of the patients had been registered as an underground coal miner, compared with 20% of the control group (odds ratio of 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.33-1.73). Those with gastric cancer who had ever worked underground in a coal mine did so for an average period of 16.9 years compared with an average of 19.7 years in the control group. The study gives no indication that the underground workers of the Dutch coal mines had a raised risk of developing a malignant neoplasm of the stomach. AUSwaen GM; Aerdts CW; Sturmans F; Slangen JJ; Knipschild P EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p627-30 MJCoal Mining; Occupational Diseases; Stomach Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Netherlands; Risk; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (technetium Tc 99m pentetate); 67-43-6 (DTPA); 7440-26-8 (Technetium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000459 TIChanges in permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier in firefighters. ABThe effect on alveolar-capillary barrier permeability of chronic exposure to a smoke produced by the partial combusion of diesel oil, paraffin, and wood was examined. An index of permeability was determined from the rate of transfer from the lung into the blood of the hydrophilic, labelled chelate 99mTc diethylene triamine penta-acetate (MW 492 dalton). The results of this test were expressed as the half time clearance of the tracer from the lung into the blood (T1/2 LB). The study was carried out at the Royal Naval Firefighting School, HMS Excellent. Permeability index was measured on seven non-smoking naval firefighting instructors who had worked at the school for periods of longer than two and a half months. Tests of airway function and carbon monoxide transfer factor were performed on four of these seven instructors. The results of the permeability index showed a T1/2 LB of 26 min +/- 5 (SEM) which differed significantly from that of normal non-smokers. By contrast all other lung function tests had values within the predicted normal range. AUMinty BD; Royston D; Jones JG; Smith DJ; Searing CS; Beeley M EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p631-4 MJBurns, Inhalation; Fires; Military Personnel; Occupational Diseases MNAdult; Capillary Permeability; DTPA /DU; Great Britain; Naval Medicine; Pilot Projects; Pulmonary Alveoli /PP; Pulmonary Gas Exchange; Smoke /AN; Technetium /DU MTHuman; Male RN12001-26-2 (mica); 12168-80-8 (feldspar); 1332-58-7 (Kaolin); 14808-60-7 (Quartz); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000460 TIQuantitative mineralogical analysis of small samples of china clay using x ray diffractometry. ABThe quantitative mineralogical analysis of small samples (less than 20 mg) of china clay has been investigated using x ray diffractometry to determine kaolinite, mica, quartz, and feldspar. A method has been developed and applied to the quantitative analysis of airborne dust samples and of other small discrete samples. Determinations were made either on samples after collection on a membrane filter or on samples after deposition from aqueous suspension on to a silver substrate. Quantitative analysis was hindered by preferred orientation of the kaolinite and of the mica particles that occurs when using these methods of specimen preparation. Quartz and feldspar were determined direct from prepared calibration graphs. Preferred orientation of the mica particles leads to serious interference with the most sensitive quartz x ray diffraction peak which, if not recognised, will result in an overestimation of the quartz content. Kaolinite and mica were determined from the ratio of their most intense x ray diffraction peak areas to overcome the preferred orientation effects observed for these two minerals. During the investigation, the opportunity arose for comparative measurements of quartz contents of airborne dust samples with the Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratories of the Health and Safety Executive. The mass of specimen examined varied between 0.8 mg and 20 mg and the quartz contents varied between 0.1% and 1.2%. The comparative results were in good agreement. AUSalt PD EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p635-41 MJKaolin; X-Ray Diffraction MNAir Pollutants, Occupational /AN; Aluminum Silicates /AN; Particle Size; Potassium /AN; Quartz /AN RN1313-13-9 (manganese dioxide); 7439-96-5 (Manganese) IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000461 TIDissolution of metals by human and rabbit alveolar macrophages. ABThe ability of human and rabbit alveolar macrophages to dissolve 0.1-0.5 micron MnO2 particles in vitro was compared. The amount of Mn added and dissolved from the particles over periods of nought, one, and three days was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The amount dissolved by human and rabbit macrophages was similar; on average 43.1% and 43.9%, respectively, were dissolved within three days. But rabbit and human macrophages dissolved significantly more Mn than was dissolved in the respective culture medium without macrophages after one and three days. It is suggested that the dissolution of particles by alveolar macrophages should be one basic component in any model of alveolar clearance of inorganic particles. AULundborg M; Eklund A; Lind B; Camner P EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p642-5 MJMacrophages; Manganese; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdult; Cells, Cultured; Irrigation; Middle Age; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1072 LAEnglish JCAXS SBM UI86000462 TIRisk factors for radiogenic cancer: a comparison of factors derived from the Hanford survey with those recommended by the ICRP [letter] AUStewart AM; Kneale GW EM8601 SOBr J Ind Med (England), Sep 1985, 42(9) p647 MJNeoplasms, Radiation-Induced MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Child; Risk MTComparative Study; Human RN7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000465 TIZinc deficiency is not a cause for abortion, congenital abnormality and small-for-gestational age infant in Chinese women. ABZinc concentration in serum and hair was measured in a cross-sectional study of 437 Chinese women of whom 310 were normal controls studied at various stages of pregnancy and up to 12 months after delivery. The rest had spontaneous abortions, fetuses with a birthweight below the 10th centile for gestation or congenital abnormalities. Zinc concentration fell throughout normal pregnancy, the fall being greater in serum than in hair. There was no correlation between serum and hair levels. The infant birthweight had a positive correlation with serum level but a negative correlation with hair level. Abortion, low birthweight and congenital abnormality were not associated with low concentrations of zinc in plasma or hair. AUGhosh A; Fong LY; Wan CW; Liang ST; Woo JS; Wong V EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p886-91 MJAbnormalities; Abortion; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Pregnancy Complications; Zinc /DF MNAdult; China /EH; Hair /AN; Hong Kong; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Zinc /AN /BL MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000466 TIThe effects of oral iron supplementation on zinc and magnesium levels during pregnancy. ABSerial changes in serum zinc and magnesium concentrations have been studied before conception, throughout pregnancy and at 12 weeks postpartum in 15 normal healthy women not receiving iron supplementation, 10 women receiving iron supplementation but otherwise having healthy pregnancies and five insulin-dependent diabetics who also received oral iron. Relative to pre-pregnancy values zinc concentrations progressively decreased throughout pregnancy reaching a nadir at 36 weeks gestation followed by an increase; pre-pregnancy values were achieved by 12 weeks postpartum. Magnesium concentrations also decreased throughout pregnancy reaching a nadir at 32 weeks gestation increasing thereafter again with pre-pregnancy values achieved by 12 weeks postpartum. Iron supplementation in non-diabetic and diabetic women had no significant effect upon the changes in serum concentration of either zinc or magnesium. These results suggest that the decrease in the concentrations of both elements is a normal physiological adjustment to pregnancy and that iron supplementation does not influence these changes. AUSheldon WL; Aspillaga MO; Smith PA; Lind T EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p892-8 MJIron; Magnesium; Pregnancy; Zinc MNAdministration, Oral; Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /BL; Longitudinal Studies; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy in Diabetes /BL; Puerperium MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000467 TIRecurrent pregnancy losses and parental chromosome abnormalities: a review. ABA compilation of the cytogenetic results taken from 79 published surveys of couples with two or more pregnancy losses (comprising 8208 women and 7834 men) showed an overall prevalence of major chromosome abnormalities of 2.9%. This is five to six times higher than that of the general adult population. In every group of chromosome abnormalities in the parents a predominance of female to male affected was noted (2:1). Approximately 50% of all chromosome abnormalities detected were balanced reciprocal translocations, 24% were Robertsonian translocations, 12% were sex chromosomal mosaicisms in females, and the rest consisted of inversions and other sporadic abnormalities. Parents with two or more idiopathic pregnancy losses should be karyotyped to aid in management and counselling. When a translocation or other abnormality (e.g. X chromosomal mosaicism) predisposing to an abnormal zygote is found, prenatal diagnosis is indicated in future pregnancies. Even when parental karyotypes are normal, prenatal diagnosis should be considered in subsequent pregnancies of parents with two or more pregnancy losses because of the high incidence of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous abortions. For the same reason, if a single previous pregnancy loss is known to have been chromosomally aneuploid, parental karyotypes may have to be examined (depending upon the finding in the pregnancy loss), and prenatal diagnosis should also be considered in subsequent pregnancies. AUTharapel AT; Tharapel SA; Bannerman RM EM8601 ID417 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p899-914 MJAbortion, Habitual; Chromosome Aberrations; Fetal Death; Infant Mortality MNGenetic Counseling; Infant, Newborn; Inversion (Genetics); Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Parents; Pregnancy; Recurrence; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities /FG; Sex Factors; Translocation (Genetics) MCReview MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000468 TIFetal blood chromosome analysis: some new indications for prenatal karyotyping. ABPrenatal karyotyping using stimulated fetal blood lymphocytes was undertaken in 170 pregnancies between 16 and 36 weeks gestation for the following reasons--mosaicism or marker chromosomes found in amniotic fluid culture; a family history of X-linked mental retardation with fragile Xq28; fetal abnormalities detected ultrasonographically; late booking or amniotic fluid culture failure in patients with advanced age or balanced translocations; and twin pregnancies discordant for a chromosomal anomaly. Forty-one karyotypic abnormalities were detected (24%). These were: 45,X (7 cases), trisomy 13 (5 cases), trisomy 18 (6 cases), trisomy 21 (4 cases), twin pregnancy where one twin had trisomy 21 (1 case), supernumerary marker chromosome (3 cases, one of which occurred in a twin pregnancy), triploidy (3 cases), X-linked mental retardation with fragile site at Xq28 in males (6 cases), fetal erythroleukaemia (3 cases including 2 cases with Turner's), Fanconi's anaemia (1 case), unbalanced chromosome translocation 47,XY+der22,t(11;22) mat (1 case), mos 46,XX18p-/46,XX,-18+i(18q) (1 case), 46,XXdel(2q) (1 case), and 46,XYt(5;17) de novo (1 case). In fetuses at high risk of a chromosome aberration, a rapidly obtained karyotype is helpful and fetoscopy and fetal blood sampling are justified in the second or third trimester. AUGosden C; Rodeck CH; Nicolaides KH; Campbell S; Eason P; Sharp JC EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p915-20 MJChromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Abnormalities; Fetal Blood; Prenatal Diagnosis MNAmniotic Fluid /PH; Fetoscopy; Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000469 TIThe repetition of spontaneous preterm labour. ABThe likelihood of repetition of preterm birth after spontaneous onset of labour has been studied in 6572 reproductive careers after excluding stillbirths, multiple births, all careers in which any labour had been induced, and all careers in which the gestation length in any pregnancy was not certain. The analysis was controlled not only for pregnancy number, but for the nature of the reproductive outcomes. In most reproductive sequences there was a weak correlation between the gestation in one pregnancy and subsequent ones. The risk of preterm birth was tripled after one previous preterm birth with or without a preceding abortion, and increased six-fold after two previous preterm births. However, the attributable risk was low, and most multiparae with preterm births did not have a previous history. AUCarr-Hill RA; Hall MH EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p921-8 MJLabor, Premature MNGestational Age; Parity; Pregnancy; Recurrence; Risk MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000470 TIEfficacy of intrauterine volume, fetal abdominal area and biparietal diameter measurements with ultrasound in screening for small-for-dates babies. ABThe efficacy of total intrauterine, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements with ultrasound in screening for low birthweight (less than or equal to 10th and less than or equal to 3rd centile) was compared prospectively with fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal area measurements at 32 and 36 weeks gestation in an unselected population of 362 women. In all of them the gestation was dated by ultrasound in the first half of pregnancy. Reference values were from a separate normal population studied previously. Total intrauterine volume showed the highest sensitivity in predicting babies weighing less than or equal to 10th centile (58% at 32 weeks and 62% at 36 weeks) and those weighing less than or equal to 3rd centile (78% at 32 weeks and 83% at 36 weeks). A higher number of false-positive tests resulted in a lower predictive value of a positive test (mean 34% for babies weighing less than or equal to 10th centile) than that found for abdominal area (mean 54%). Abdominal measurements selected a smaller 'at risk' group. Biparietal diameter, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements had inferior predictive capability than total intrauterine volume and abdominal area. For screening purposes abdominal area measurements are presently more suitable than intrauterine volume. The higher sensitivity of intrauterine volume, particularly in early third trimester, is an advantage that requires further investigation with reference to intrauterine growth retardation. AUGeirsson RT; Patel NB; Christie AD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p929-35 MJInfant, Small for Gestational Age; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdult; Amnion /AH; Cephalometry; Fetus /AH; Infant, Newborn; Methods; Placenta /AH; Pregnancy; Uterus /AH MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000471 TIIntrauterine volume, fetal abdominal area and biparietal diameter measurements with ultrasound in the prediction of small-for-dates babies in a high-risk obstetric population. ABThe value of fetal biparietal diameter and abdominal area, total intrauterine, intra-amniotic and placental volume measurements for predicting small-for-dates babies in a high-risk obstetric population was investigated in 130 women. A parallel planimetric area method was used to measure volume. The commonest risk factors were suspected intrauterine growth-retardation, hypertensive complications and previous poor obstetric history. The prevalence of birthweight at and below the 10th or 3rd centiles was 30 and 16% respectively. Fetal abdominal area and total intrauterine volume measurements had the highest and comparable sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in the detection of infants with birthweights of less than or equal to 10th and less than or equal to 3rd centiles. While these measurements are of use in consolidating the clinical diagnosis of small-for-dates fetuses (growth retardation), high false positive rates (10% and 16-17% for birthweights less than or equal to 10th centile, and less than or equal to 3rd centile respectively) make further discriminatory tests necessary for part of the population. AUGeirsson RT; Patel NB; Christie AD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p936-40 MJInfant, Small for Gestational Age; Prenatal Diagnosis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdolescence; Adult; Amnion /AH; Cephalometry; Fetus /AH; Infant, Newborn; Placenta /AH; Pregnancy; Risk; Uterus /AH MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000472 TIThe assessment of persistent bradycardia in prenatal life. ABTwelve patients with persistent fetal bradycardia were referred for echocardiographic assessment; in 10 patients the fetus had complete heart block, six isolated and four with associated structural heart disease. In the remaining two patients an atrial arrhythmia was producing a fetal sinus bradycardia. Complete heart block with structural heart disease has a poor prognosis. Isolated complete heart block has a good prognosis if the pregnancy is carefully managed. A sinus bradycardia due to atrial ectopic beats is a benign arrhythmia. Echocardiographic assessment of the heart can give an accurate prognosis in fetal bradycardia and provide a basis for appropriate obstetric management. AUCrawford D; Chapman M; Allan L EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p941-4 MJBradycardia; Fetal Diseases; Prenatal Diagnosis MNArrhythmia /CO; Electrocardiography; Fetal Heart /PP; Heart Block /CO /PP; Heart Defects, Congenital /CO; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN112-80-1 (oleic acid); 25167-62-8 (docosahexenoic acid); 544-63-8 (myristic acid); 57-10-3 (palmitic acid); 57-11-4 (stearic acid); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000473 TIThe transfer of free fatty acids across the human placenta. ABThirty-three matched maternal venous and umbilical cord vein and artery plasma samples were obtained at elective caesarean section and the concentrations of the individual free fatty acids determined. The maternal levels were 1.009 (SEM 0.043) and the umbilical vein-artery difference was 0.036 (SEM 0.011) mmol/l. There was a significant correlation between the mean concentration in maternal venous blood and the vein-artery difference for myristic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids but not for oleic acid. When arachidonic acid concentration in the fetus was high, then the vein-artery difference was negative (flow to the placenta), when it was low, the difference was positive (flow to the fetus). Thus whilst there appears in general to be a flow of fatty acid to the fetus dependent on maternal free fatty acid concentrations, the transfer of arachidonic acid is largely determined by other factors. The reasons why oleic acid does not behave like the other fatty acids is not clear. AUHendrickse W; Stammers JP; Hull D EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p945-52 MJFatty Acids, Nonesterified; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta MNAdolescence; Adult; Arachidonic Acids /BL; Cesarean Section; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated /BL; Myristic Acids /BL; Oleic Acids /BL; Palmitic Acids /BL; Pregnancy; Stearic Acids /BL MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000474 TIGestation sac size in in-vitro fertilization pregnancies. ABThe gestation sac size in pregnancies resulting from in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer have been compared with those in spontaneous pregnancies. Small-for-dates gestational sac sizes were found in 36% of the IVF pregnancies. This proportion held for both singleton and multiple pregnancies. With increasing gestation beyond 8 weeks the gestation sac volume increasingly approached normal. In contrast to spontaneous conceptions, IVF pregnancies had a low rate of pregnancy loss once fetal heart movements were demonstrated, when the gestation sac size was small-for-dates. Small sac size in an IVF pregnancy may lead to the misdiagnosis of a failed pregnancy. AUde Crespigny LC; Robinson HP; Murphy A; McBain JC; Gronow M; Bayly CM; Speirs A; Johnston WI EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p953-6 MJAmnion; Fertilization in Vitro; Pregnancy MNAbortion /DI; Embryo Transfer; Pregnancy Trimester, First MTFemale; Human RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 80471-63-2 (epostane) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000475 TIMyometrial activity in first trimester human pregnancy after Epostane therapy. Effect of intravenous oxytocin. ABThe effect on myometrial activity of Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme system (3 beta-HSD) has been studied in 20 women awaiting termination of pregnancy. The women were randomly allocated by a double-blind procedure into two groups. In the Epostane-treated group there were significant falls in serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations after 3 days of treatment. The placebo-treated group showed a small but significant decline in serum progesterone concentration. Insertion of an intrauterine balloon catheter for pressure measurements produced significantly greater uterine activity in the Epostane-treated group. The oxytocin response was variable and there was no significant difference between the two groups. A small rise in the peripheral plasma concentration of a prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM) was observed in the placebo group following oxytocin injection. There was a significant inverse correlation between post treatment progesterone values and uterine activity. Epostane appears to sensitize the myometrium to endogenous oxytocics and this probably results from progesterone 'withdrawal'. This effect may prove useful in potentiating the action of exogenous myometrial stimulants, such as prostaglandins, and may have a role in the termination of early pregnancy. AUWebster MA; Pattison NS; Phipps SL; Gillmer MD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p957-62 MJ3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Androstenols; Myometrium; Oxytocin; Uterine Contraction MNAbortion, Therapeutic; Adolescence; Adult; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Estradiol /BL; Pessaries; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1. (3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 80471-63-2 (epostane) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000476 TIInterruption of first trimester human pregnancy following Epostane therapy. Effect of prostaglandin E2 pessaries. ABThe effect of Epostane, a competitive inhibitor of the 3 beta hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme system in combination with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for induction of abortion in early first trimester pregnancy has been studied in a group of 20 women awaiting termination of pregnancy. The women were consecutively assigned to four treatment groups. The first group was treated with PGE2 alone, administered vaginally as a lipid based (Witepsol) pessary. The remaining three groups received Epostane at differing doses for 5 days, and were treated with PGE2 on the fourth day. Significant falls in serum progesterone and oestradiol occurred in the Epostane-treated patients. Abortion was induced in one of the five control patients and in three of 10 patients treated with low doses (300-400 mg) of Epostane. Intrauterine pressure monitoring showed an increased reactivity to PGE2 in the treated groups. At the highest dose (600 mg) of Epostane, serum progesterone and oestradiol showed the greatest decline to 8% and 21% of the pretreatment values, a prompt and sustained pressure response occurred to PGE2 and abortion was induced in all five patients. A critical degree of progesterone suppression appears to sensitize the myometrium to exogenous prostaglandin. This combined treatment is an effective method of early pregnancy termination and may have a role in the management of mid-trimester abortion. AUWebster MA; Phipps SL; Gillmer MD EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p963-8 MJ3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Abortion, Therapeutic; Androstenols; Myometrium; Prostaglandins E; Uterine Contraction MNAdolescence; Adult; Drug Synergism; Estradiol /BL; Pessaries; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000477 TIThe outlook for women with borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary. ABSeventy-two women with borderline epithelial tumours of the ovary have been followed up for between 3 and 9 years. Patients with disease confined to one or both ovaries had a good prognosis, irrespective of histological type. When extra-ovarian spread was present at the time of diagnosis, neither the histological type nor the amount of residual tumour predicted the long-term outcome in individual patients. AUTasker M; Langley FA EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p969-73 MJOvarian Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Epithelium /PA; Middle Age; Ovarian Neoplasms /PA /SU; Pregnancy; Prognosis MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000478 TILangerhans' cells and lymphocyte subsets in the female genital tract. ABCryostat sections of healthy cervical, vaginal and vulval epithelium were examined using immunohistological labelling techniques and a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing Langerhans' cells, T- and B-lymphocytes and HLA-DR antigen. The distribution of Langerhans' cells in squamous epithelium of the cervix, vagina and vulva showed a marked variation with the highest median values in the vulva (18.7 per 100 basal squamous cells) and the lowest in the vagina (5.5 per 100 basal squamous cells). There was also a substantial variation in number and distribution of lymphocytes of each of these three areas with a distinct preponderance in the transformation zone of the cervix. In addition, intraepithelial lymphocytes, predominantly of the T-cytotoxic suppressor sub-type were present at all sites with the greatest number in the transformation zone. We conclude from this study that lymphoid tissue of the cervical transformation zone has several unique characteristics which are not observed at other sites in the lower genital tract. We suggest that this tissue be designated 'cervical lymphoid tissue' and that it forms a part of the 'mucosal associated lymphoid tissue' (MALT) as noted at other mucosal sites exposed to the external environment. AUEdwards JN; Morris HB EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p974-82 MJGenitalia, Female; Langerhans Cells; Lymphocytes MNAdult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cell Count; Cervix Uteri /CY; Epithelium /CY; Immunoenzyme Technics; Middle Age; Plasma Cells; Suppressor Cells; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Vagina /CY; Vulva /CY MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN297-76-7 (Ethynodiol Diacetate); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 57-63-6 (Ethinyl Estradiol); 8075-78-3 (SC-11800 EE) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000479 TISpironolactone in combination with an oral contraceptive: an alternative treatment for hirsutism. ABThe clinical efficacy of a combination of spironolactone and an oral contraceptive pill (Conova 30) was assessed in 23 patients presenting with hirsutism of whom 20 completed 6 months of treatment. Of the 20 patients, 16 showed improvement on objective (Ferriman & Gallwey hair score) and subjective assessment. Serum levels of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione and 17-hydroxy progesterone) were suppressed and sex hormone binding globulins were elevated. Nausea was the only significant side effect. AUChapman MG; Dowsett M; Dewhurst CJ; Jeffcoate SL EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p983-5 MJContraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Ethinyl Estradiol; Ethynodiol Diacetate; Hirsutism /DT; Spironolactone MNContraceptives, Oral, Combined /TU; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hirsutism /BL MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000480 TIEntrapment of the fetal head in a unilateral imperforate vagina in association with complete duplication of uterus and cervix. Case report. AUDavies WA; Cullimore J EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p986-8 MJCervix Uteri; Labor Complications; Uterus; Vagina MNAdult; Head /EM; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000481 TIBeware of the 'plum'--ureterocele. Case report. AUMacNab G; Osborn D EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p989-90 MJUreterocele /DI MNAdult; Ureterocele /CO /SU; Urinary Incontinence /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000482 TIPancreatic lipase and phospholipase A2 concentration in amniotic fluid and the prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. AUGebhardt DO; Brock DJ; Nanto V ; Eskola JU EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p991-2 MJAmniotic Fluid; Cystic Fibrosis; Lipase; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases; Prenatal Diagnosis MNPancreas /EN; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000483 TIObstetric aspects of Gaucher's disease [letter] AUYoung KR; Payne MJ EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p993 MJGaucher's Disease; Pregnancy Complications MNAdult; Pregnancy; Splenomegaly /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0306-5456 LAEnglish JCAZC SBA; M UI86000484 TIThe sex ratio of infants born after hormonal induction of ovulation [letter] EM8601 SOBr J Obstet Gynaecol (England), Sep 1985, 92(9) p993-6 MJOvulation Induction; Sex Ratio MNGonadotropins /TU; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000485 TIA rapid and sensitive culture test for detecting herpes simplex virus from the eye. ABA rapid and sensitive culture test has been developed for detecting herpes simplex virus (HSV) in ocular infections. The virus is cultured by inoculation and centrifugation of cell monolayers grown on coverslips and the inclusions detected by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. This rapid test takes only two days to complete. By comparison, in our hands the conventional culture test, which depends on the development of cytopathic effect, took between 1 and 20 days with a mean of 4.7 days. Of the 1638 ocular clinical specimens inoculated in parallel by the two methods a total of 188 were positive for HSV. The virus was detected from 184 (97.8%) specimens by the rapid test and from 144 (76.6%) by the conventional test (McNemar's test, U = 5.76, p less than 0.001). AUWalpita P; Darougar S; Thaker U EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p637-9 MJHerpesvirus Hominis; Keratitis, Dendritic MNEye /MI; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Time Factors; Virus Cultivation /MT MTHuman RN60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000486 TIRapid, reliable diagnosis of chlamydial ophthalmia by means of monoclonal antibodies. ABThe use of fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody (Syva, UK) provided a rapid reliable diagnostic test for Chlamydia trachomatis in conjunctival samples from 100 adults with acute follicular conjunctivitis and seven babies with suspected chlamydial ophthalmia neonatorum. Elementary bodies (EBs) were seen in smears from 11 of the adults, and culture confirmed C. trachomatis infection in nine of them. Both tests were positive with specimens from four of the neonates. No specimens from either group of patients produced a negative result in the smear test but a positive result by culture. However, the two adult patients with chlamydial ophthalmia who had negative cultures but were EB-positive had both had prior topical tetracycline therapy. AUHawkins DA; Wilson RS; Thomas BJ; Evans RT EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p640-4 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Chlamydia trachomatis; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion MNAdult; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion /DT; Infant, Newborn; Ophthalmia Neonatorum /MI; Tetracycline /TU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000487 TITreatment of experimental lens capsular tears with intense focused ultrasound. ABHigh-intensity focused ultrasound was employed to seal lens capsular tears in a rabbit model. Ultrasound therapy was applied either contiguously, thereby completely covering the tear, or in a discrete exposure pattern around the tear. Both methods prevented the formation of a generalised cataract. This was in contrast to results observed in a group of control (untreated) animals which all developed generalised lens opacities. Each control animal also developed a local lens opacity at the site of the capsular tear, as did half the animals treated with the discrete pattern. No animal treated with contiguous exposures developed any local or generalised traumatic-type cataract other than the small lens opacity immediately produced by the treatment. These treatment cataracts would not constitute a significant impediment to vision so long as they did not fall on the visual axis. AUColeman DJ; Lizzi FL; Torpey JH; Burgess SE; Driller J; Rosado A; Nguyen HT EM8601 IDEY03174; EY01480 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p645-9 MJLens Capsule, Crystalline; Lens, Crystalline; Ultrasonic Therapy MNCataract /PA /PC; Lens Capsule, Crystalline /PA; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000488 TIRetinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. ABFourteen cases of primary retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were treated by scleral buckling surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 100% of the cases. All eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 6/30 or better; in six eyes the visual acuity was 6/12 or better. We attributed our high anatomical success rate to early detection of the retinal detachment, good visibility of the retinal breaks, lack of inflammatory reaction in the vitreous body, and preoperative absence of fixed retinal folds and preretinal membranes. AUHo PC; Tolentino FI EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p650-3 MJCataract Extraction; Lenses, Intraocular; Retinal Detachment MNAged; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Retinal Detachment /SU; Scleral Buckling; Visual Acuity MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000489 TIShifting subretinal fluid in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. ABIn a consecutive series of 470 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 25 (5%) were found to have shifting subretinal fluid (SRF) at the preoperative examination. The study showed that the association between SRF and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is unusual but not rare. Shifting SRF was most often associated with aphakic and longstanding retinal detachment, and found in cases in which the retinal holes were small. AUKirkby GR; Chignell AH EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p654-5 MJRetinal Detachment /PA; Vitreous Body MNAphakia /CO; Movement; Retinal Detachment /CO; Retinal Perforations /PA; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000490 TIChanges at the periphery of a lesion in necrotising scleritis: anterior segment fluorescein angiography correlated with electron microscopy. ABAnterior segment fluorescein angiography in scleral disease reveals highly characteristic changes in the vasculature of the anterior segment associated with necrotising scleritis. The vaso-obliterative changes discovered in this investigation have been correlated with the histopathology in a patient who had to have tissue replaced. Light and electron microscopy of scleral tissue excised from sites of vascular closure detected by fluorescein angiography peripheral to the scleral defect revealed pathological changes in the absence of inflammatory cell infiltration. These changes included vascular stasis, partial vaso-obliteration, and fibroblastic transformation of scleral fibrocytes in association with intra- and extracellular degradation of the collagenous component of the matrix. AUWatson PG; Young RD EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p656-63 MJSclera MNCollagen; Corneal Ulcer /PA; Cytoplasmic Granules /UL; Fluorescein Angiography; Inflammation /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Age; Necrosis; Sclera /UL; Ulcer /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000491 TIFamily studies in glaucoma. ABTwo groups of patients with a family history of chronic open-angle glaucoma were compared with a normal population of 5919 individuals studied during the Bedford Glaucoma Survey. The mean screening intraocular pressure was significantly raised in both groups with a family history of chronic open-angle glaucoma. The prevalence rate of a raised intraocular pressure was 3.81 times that found in the normal population. This relationship was maintained when age-dependent prevalence rates were evaluated. No correlation between raised intraocular pressure and type of familial involvement could be determined. A 10- to 12-year follow-up of one group with a family history for open-angle glaucoma (101 patients) showed that 3% developed confirmed glaucoma, while an additional 5.9% were diagnosed as suspected chronic open-angle glaucoma. A letter survey of this group showed that 9 out of 63 respondents knew of additional family members who developed glaucoma over this 10-12-year period. AURosenthal AR; Perkins ES EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p664-7 MJGlaucoma, Open-Angle MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Intraocular Pressure; Middle Age; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53-86-1 (Indomethacin) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000492 TIEffects of topical indomethacin pretreatment on argon laser trabeculoplasty: a randomised, double-masked study on black South Africans. ABThis randomised, double-masked study on 45 black South Africans compares the effect of topical indomethacin pretreatment with that of placebo on the immediate postoperative increase or reduction in intraocular pressure one week and one month after argon laser trabeculoplasty. There was no significant difference in the incidence and the magnitude of the immediate postoperative intraocular pressure increase between the two groups, though they occurred significantly later in the indomethacin-treated group (p less than 0.01). Although no effect of indomethacin pretreatment on the intraocular pressure reduction was evident after one week, a significant adverse effect of the drug was demonstrated after one month (p less than 0.01). AUGelfand YA; Wolpert M EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p668-72 MJIndomethacin; Lasers; Premedication; Trabecular Meshwork MNAdministration, Topical; Aged; Clinical Trials; Glaucoma, Open-Angle /SU; Indomethacin /TU; Intraocular Pressure /DE; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications /PC; Random Allocation; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000494 TIThe ocular pulse and intraocular pressure as a screening test for carotid artery stenosis. ABThe ocular pulse and applanation tension were measured with a recording applanation tonometer in 38 patients suspected of having internal carotid artery stenosis. Abnormalities of the ocular pulse amplitude, intraocular pressure, or combinations of these two measurements were found in 23 (82%) of 28 patients who were subsequently found to have angiographic evidence of 50% or more stenosis of one or both internal carotid arteries. Of 10 patients without angiographic evidence of carotid stenosis the ocular pulse amplitude, intraocular pressure, or both were abnormal in five, but two patients had an ocular cause for abnormality and two of the remaining three had evidence of carotid disease in the form of atheromatous plaques. These results suggest that measurement of the amplitude of the ocular pulse in addition to the intraocular pressure can predict the presence of carotid artery stenosis and indicate the need for further investigation. If a tonometer capable of measuring the pulse amplitude was used routinely in ophthalmic examinations, it would provide a useful screening test for the early diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery disease and might thereby reduce the frequency of strokes. AUPerkins ES EM8601 IDEY-1151 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p676-80 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Intraocular Pressure; Pulse MNArterial Occlusive Diseases /RA; Carotid Arteries /RA; Carotid Artery Diseases /RA; Eye /BS; Tonometry MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000495 TISyndrome of ischaemic ocular inflammation: six cases and a review. ABPatients with carotid occlusive disease may develop a variety of symptoms and signs secondary to chronic ocular ischaemia. We report six cases affecting nine eyes and review the findings of teichopsia, anterior segment ischaemia, venous stasis retinopathy, and ocular neovascularisation. The assessment and surgical management of carotid obstruction are discussed. Some comments on the relevance of coexisting diabetes are made. AUJacobs NA; Ridgway AE EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p681-7 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Eye; Ischemia MNAdult; Aged; Anterior Eye Segment; Arterial Occlusive Diseases /RA; Carotid Artery Diseases /RA; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Fluorescein Angiography; Middle Age; Neovascularization; Retinal Diseases /ET; Retinal Hemorrhage /ET MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000496 TITransient monocular obscuration--?amaurosis fugax: a case report. ABA 73-year-old white man with pseudophakia experienced repeated bouts of transient visual loss associated with erythropsia and colour desaturation. A diagnosis of atheromatous carotid vascular disease was considered, prompting carotid angiography, during which time the patient experienced transient aphasia. Subsequent examination during an episode of visual loss showed that a spontaneous anterior chamber haemorrhage was the cause of the visual complaints. AUKosmorsky GS; Rosenfeld SI; Burde RM EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p688-90 MJBlindness; Hyphema MNAged; Aphasia /ET; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000497 TIBilateral macular dysplasia ('colobomata') and congenital retinal dystrophy. ABThree unrelated patients with bilateral macular dysplasia ('colobomata') with no relevant family history were found to have absent or substantially abnormal electroretinograms, implying that there was an associated retinal dystrophy. This may suggest that the macular lesions are associated with a global failure of retinal development, with a regional preponderance rather than a purely localised cause such as an intrauterine infection. It is important to distinguish between congenital infections such as toxoplasmosis and developmental macular colobomata, which have a somewhat similar ophthalmoscopic appearance as a cause of bilateral macular abnormalities seen in young children, since they have different implications for genetic advice and future ophthalmic care. AUMoore AT; Taylor DS; Harden A EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p691-9 MJColoboma; Macula Lutea; Retinal Degeneration MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Electroretinography; Fundus Oculi; Infant; Retinal Degeneration /CO; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Acuity MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000498 TIRecurrent visual loss in homozygous sickle cell disease. ABIn sickle cell retinopathy vascular involvement is most frequently recognised at the retinal periphery, but obstruction of perimacular arterioles and of major retinal vessels may also occur. This report describes a patient with homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease with recurrent occlusion of major retinal vessels associated with recurring transient impairment of visual function. AUCondon PI; Whitelocke RA; Bird AC; Talbot JF; Serjeant GR EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p700-6 MJAnemia, Sickle Cell; Blindness MNAdult; Fluorescein Angiography; Recurrence; Retinal Diseases /CO; Retinal Vessels; Visual Acuity MTCase Report; Human; Male RNEC 3.- (complement 1 q); EC 3.- (Complement Activating Enzymes); 9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000499 TISerum complement components in patients with trachoma. ABSerum C1q, C3, C4, and C5 components of complement levels were measured in 56 healthy subjects and 98 patients with trachoma. Serum C1q and C3 levels were found to be significantly low in stages II and III. There was no change in serum C4 and C5 levels in any of the stages. The levels of C1q and C3 complement components in serum in stages II and III returned to normal as the disease resolved following the medical treatment. AUSen DK; Sarin GS; Hiranandani M; Baveja UK EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p707-10 MJComplement; Trachoma MNAdult; Complement 3 /ME; Complement 4 /ME; Complement 5 /ME; Complement Activating Enzymes /ME; Middle Age; Trachoma /PA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1161 LAEnglish JCAZK SBM UI86000500 TICongenital fistulae of the lacrimal gland. ABA 15-year-old female was found on routine clinical examination to have bilateral asymptomatic congenital fistulae of the lacrimal glands. The fistulae opened into the conjunctival sac at the external canthus of both eyes. Temporary occlusion of these openings produced an immediate and significant reduction in tear secretion in both eyes. AUO'Connor MA; Archer DB; Hart PM EM8601 SOBr J Ophthalmol (England), Sep 1985, 69(9) p711-3 MJFistula; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases MNAdolescence; Conjunctival Diseases /CN /TH; Fistula /RA /TH; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases /RA /TH; Tears /SE MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000501 TIOro-facial granulomatosis: a possible allergic basis. ABFood or flavouring intolerance has been demonstrated in 14 out of 80 patients with oro-facial granulomatosis. Provoking molecules include cinnamaldehyde, carvone and piperitone, although a wide range of food or flavourings may be implicated. The nature of the reaction is not understood but does not seem to involve an IgE mediated response. At present the only reliable way of detecting specific provoking factors is by the use of an elimination diet. AUPatton DW; Ferguson MM; Forsyth A; James J EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p235-42 MJAllergens; Food Hypersensitivity; Granuloma; Mouth Diseases MNCacao /AE; Cinnamon /AE; Flavoring Agents /AE; Food Hypersensitivity /DH /DI; Patch Tests MTHuman IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000502 TISarcoidosis of the tongue--a case report. ABA case of sarcoidosis, unusual in that it was confined to the tongue, is reported in a 50 year-old female. The condition resolved after 1 year of steroid therapy and excision of fibrous tethering bands. Intra-oral sarcoidosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lingual swelling and induration. AUMacleod RI; Snow MH; Hawkesford JE EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p243-6 MJSarcoidosis /PA; Tongue Diseases /PA MNMiddle Age; Sarcoidosis /DT; Steroids /TU; Time Factors; Tongue Diseases /DT MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000503 TIPyoderma gangrenosum with involvement of the tongue. AUYusuf H; Ead RD EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p247-50 MJHand Dermatoses; Pyoderma; Skin Ulcer; Tongue Diseases MNMiddle Age; Stomatitis, Aphthous /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000504 TITopical bleomycin in the treatment of oral leukoplakia: a pilot study. ABSix patients with oral leukoplakia were treated by the daily application of a 0.5 per cent (w/v) solution of bleomycin sulphate in dimethyl sulphoxide. After 12 to 15 applications, the white patch peeled off and the resultant raw surface epithelialised over the following 14 days. Repeat biopsies showed a significant improvement in the histology, with reduced dysplasia and keratinisation. AUHammersley N; Ferguson MM; Rennie JS EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p251-8 MJBleomycins; Leukoplakia, Oral MNAdministration, Topical; Biopsy; Leukoplakia, Oral /PA; Pilot Projects; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000505 TIThe submucosal island flap in the closure of oro-antral fistula. ABA submucosal island palatal flap technique was used successfully in seven patients for closure of large oro-antral fistulae. The technique provides not only an island flap of submucosal connective tissue to close the fistula, but a flap of mucosa to cover the raw area of palatal bone. The advantages of the technique are that healing is satisfactory without denuded bone, the island flap has excellent mobility and does not produce bunching of the mucosa of the hard palate and recipient site, and dentures may be fitted early following the excellent healing of the wound. AUYamazaki Y; Yamaoka M; Hirayama M; Shimada H EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p259-63 MJOroantral Fistula /SU; Surgical Flaps MNAdult; Connective Tissue /SU; Middle Age; Mouth Mucosa /SU; Oroantral Fistula /PP; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000506 TIPalatal fistula due to an electrical burn. AUCarter JL EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p264-7 MJBurns, Electric; Fistula; Mouth Diseases; Nose Diseases; Palate MNAdult; Fistula /SU; Mouth Diseases /SU; Nose Diseases /SU; Surgical Flaps MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000507 TIDental and facial injuries following sports accidents: a study of 130 patients. ABDetails of injuries to the face and teeth have been collected over a five-year period. One hundred and thirty patients were seen with injuries resulting from 21 different sports. Estimates of the numbers of people playing various team sports in the Bradford area suggest that the incidence of facial injuries is most common in rugby, followed by soccer and cricket. Miniature motor cycling and horse-riding are the most dangerous individual sports. The ages of injured patients varied widely in different sports, but the severity of injuries sustained is less than those due to other causes. AUHill CM; Crosher RF; Mason DA EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p268-74 MJAthletic Injuries; Facial Bones; Skull Fractures; Tooth MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Great Britain; Mandibular Fractures /OC; Maxillary Fractures /OC; Middle Age; Tooth Fractures /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000508 TISubluxation of the atlanto-axial joint. ABA case of post operative atlanto-axial dislocation is presented which was diagnosed on CT scan although the clinical signs and symptoms should have suggested the diagnosis. It is recommended that all patients who present with torticollis in the early post operative period should be considered to have C1-C2 dislocation and an orthopaedic opinion should be sought. AUParker DA; Selwyn P; Bradley PJ EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p275-8 MJAtlanto-Axial Joint; Dislocations MNAdolescence; Atlanto-Axial Joint /RA; Dislocations /RA; Mandibular Neoplasms /SU; Postoperative Complications; Rhabdomyosarcoma /SU; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000509 TIFracture of the cervical spine complicating bilateral fractures of the mandible: a case report. ABA case reported of a 21-year-old male who sustained a fracture of the body of the second cervical vertebra, a bilateral fracture of the mandible and a deep laceration on the left side of his neck. The importance of excluding cervical spine fractures in cases of severe trauma to the head and neck is emphasised, and the airway management problems are discussed. AUHemmings KW EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p279-83 MJAxis; Fractures; Mandibular Fractures MNAdult; Fracture Fixation; Fractures /TH; Immobilization; Mandibular Fractures /TH; Tracheotomy MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000510 TIRhabdomyoma of the floor of the mouth: a new case and review of recently reported intra-oral rhabdomyomas. ABExtra-cardiac rhabdomyoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of skeletal muscle origin which occurs predominantly in the head and neck region, mainly in the oral cavity. This article reports a rhabdomyoma (adult type) in the floor of the mouth in a 39 year-old man. The detailed histological features are presented and recent cases from the literature are reviewed. AUReid CO; Smith CJ EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p284-91 MJMouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Rhabdomyoma MNAdult; Mouth Floor /SU; Mouth Neoplasms /SU; Rhabdomyoma /SU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000511 TIA case of branchial (lympho-epithelial) cyst, illustrating the value of ultrasound in diagnosis of cervical swellings. ABUltrasound has until recently found little application in oral and maxillofacial surgery despite wide use in other specialties. Ultrasound imaging uses the reflection of pulses of high frequency sound to display soft tissues and to differentiate between tissue types, particularly solid and cystic. A case of branchial (lymphoepithelial) cyst is presented to illustrate the use of ultrasound, and the aetiology and histogenesis of this controversial lesion is discussed. Ultrasound as a safe, painless, non-invasive technique is recommended as an additional investigation for neck swellings, particularly in view of the high incidence of malignancy claimed to occur in this region. AUEarl PD; Ward-Booth RP EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p292-7 MJBranchioma; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNBranchioma /PA; Head and Neck Neoplasms /PA; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000512 TIOccult multiple myeloma associated with amyloid of the tongue. ABA patient developed painless swellings of the tongue which proved to be due to amyloid. An initial search for multiple myeloma was negative; however, three months later Bence-Jones proteinuria developed and multiple myeloma was diagnosed. AUBabajews A EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p298-303 MJAmyloidosis; Multiple Myeloma; Tongue Diseases MNAged; Multiple Myeloma /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-117X LAEnglish JCAZR SBM UI86000513 TIA new frame for cranio-maxillary fixation. ABThis paper describes a modified frame for external fixation of fractured maxillae using supra-orbital pins. AUWallace J EM8601 SOBr J Oral Maxillofac Surg (Scotland), Aug 1985, 23(4) p304-7 MJFacial Bones; Fracture Fixation; Maxillary Fractures; Skull Fractures MNEquipment Design MTHuman RN14875-96-8 (Heme); 7004-03-7 (Valine); 7006-35-1 (Histidine); 9034-51-9 (Hemoglobin A); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000515 TIProton nuclear Overhauser effect investigation of the heme pockets in ligated hemoglobin: conformational differences between oxy and carbonmonoxy forms. ABProton nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements have been used extensively to investigate the detailed conformations of peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids in the solution state. However, much of the published work has dealth with molecules of molecular weight less than 15 000. It is generally thought that specific NOEs cannot be observed in larger molecules (due to spin diffusion), so that NOE is of little use in conformational studies of such systems. By use of truncated-driven NOE with an irradiation time of 100 ms, specific NOEs are observed in a protein of the size of human normal adult hemoglobin (Hb A, 65 000 daltons). This technique has permitted us to assign several proton proton resonances arising from heme groups and from amino acid residues situated in the vicinity of the ligand binding site (such as E7 histidine and E11 valine) of the alpha and beta chains of Hb A. In addition, two-dimensional 1H[1H] J-correlated spectroscopy (COSY) experiments as well as theoretical ring-current calculations have confirmed the spectral assignments obtained by the one-dimensional NOE experiments. These new results not only have permitted us to map the heme pockets and to investigate the conformational differences in the heme pockets between oxy and carbonmonoxy forms of Hb A but also have demonstrated that the technique of truncated-driven NOE can be used to investigate the detailed conformations of selected regions in larger macromolecules in a way heretofore thought not to be feasible. AUDalvit C; Ho C EM8601 IDHL-24525 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3398-407 MJCarboxyhemoglobin; Heme; Hemoglobins; Oxyhemoglobins MNHemoglobin A /ME; Histidine; Ligands; Macromolecular Systems; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Valine MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7732-18-5 (Water) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000516 TINMR relaxation of protein and water protons in diamagnetic hemoglobin solutions. ABWe have measured T1 and T2 of protein and water protons in hemoglobin solutions using broad-line pulse techniques; selective excitation and detection methods enabled the intrinsic protein and water relaxation rates, as well as the spin-transfer rate between them, to be obtained at 5, 10, and 20 MHz. Water and protein T1 data were also obtained at 100 and 200 MHz for hemoglobin in H2O/D2O mixtures by using commercial Fourier-transform instruments. The T1 data conform to a simple model of two well-mixed spin systems with single intrinsic relaxation times and an average spin-transfer rate, with each phase recovering from a radio-frequency excitation with a biexponential time dependence. At low frequencies, protein T1 and T2 agree reasonably with a model of dipolar relaxation of an array of fixed protons tumbling in solution, explicitly calculating methyl and methylene relaxation and using a continuum approximation for the others. Differing values in H2O and D2O are mainly ascribed to solvent viscosity. For water-proton relaxation, T1, T2, and spin transfer were measured for H2O and HDO, which enabled a separation of inter-and intramolecular contributions to relaxation. Despite such detail, few firm conclusions could be reached about hydration water. But it seems clear that few long-lived hydration sites are needed to explain T1 and T2, and the spin-transfer value mandates fewer than five sites with a lifetime longer than 10(-8) s. AUEisenstadt M EM8601 IDHL 17571 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3407-21 MJHemoglobins MNMagnetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Conformation; Solutions; Water MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.- (Streptokinase); 0 (fibrinopeptide D); 0 (fibrinopeptide E); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9001-91-6 (Plasminogen) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000518 TIEffects of human fibrinogen and its cleavage products on activation of human plasminogen by streptokinase. ABThe influence of human fibrinogen (Fg) and its terminal plasminolytic digestion products, fragment D and fragment E, on the kinetics of activation of human plasminogen (Pg) by catalytic levels of streptokinase (SK) has been investigated. Both Fg and fragment D enhanced the rates of activation of human Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg. Fragment E was refractive in this regard. In the case of Glu1-Pg, the Km for activation by SK, 0.4 microM, was not affected by the presence of Fg or fragment D. The kcat for this same reaction, 0.12 s-1, was elevated to 0.3 s-1 at saturating levels of these effector molecules. On the other hand, the Km for activation of Lys77-Pg, 0.5 microM, was decreased to 0.09 microM, whereas the kcat, 0.33 s-1, was not altered in the presence of saturating concentrations of Fg or fragment D. In the case of Val442-Pg, the Km for this same activation, 2.0 microM, was lowered to 0.4 microM and 0.25 microM in the presence of Fg and fragment D, respectively. The kcat for this process, 1.0 s-1, was unchanged in the presence of these agents. The concentrations of Fg (KFg) and fragment D (KFD) that led to half-maximal stimulation of the activation rates were determined. For Fg with Glu1-Pg, Lys77-Pg, and Val442-Pg, the KFg values were 0.08 microM, 0.14 microM, and 0.17 microM, respectively. The KFD values for these same plasminogens were 0.25 microM, 2.0 microM, and 1.7 microM, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUChibber BA; Morris JP; Castellino FJ EM8601 IDHL-13423 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3429-34 MJFibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Fibrinogen; Plasminogen; Streptokinase MNEnzyme Activation; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9013-56-3 (Factor XIII); 9067-75-8 (Factor XIIIa) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000519 TIClotting of fibrinogen. 1. Scanning calorimetric study of the effect of calcium. ABThe denaturation temperature Td and the enthalpy of thermal denaturation delta Hd of the D nodules of fibrinogen increase 12-13 degrees C and 40%, respectively, when fibrinogen is clotted by thrombin in the presence of 10(-3) M calcium ion. The rate of change of Td and delta Hd is first order in thrombin concentration. In the absence of calcium, little change in Td is observed, but the increase in delta Hd still occurs. The shift in Td as a function of logarithm of calcium concentration is sigmoid, with a half-point at 2.5 X 10(-5) M calcium for human and 6.0 X 10(-5) M calcium for bovine fibrinogens, suggesting that the shift is due to binding of calcium at the high-affinity binding sites of fibrin. The Td of the D nodule of native fibrinogen also increases, but not as much, on addition of calcium. This increase in Td is also sigmoid with log calcium, with a half-point of 1.6 X 10(-3) M calcium for human and 3.2 X 10(-3) M calcium for bovine fibrinogens, and appears to be due to binding of calcium to the low-affinity binding sites of fibrinogen. At calcium concentrations greater than 10(-4) M, traces of factor XIII in the bovine fibrinogen preparation become activated and cause cross-linking of the fibrin gel. But the changes in Td and delta Hd still occur when factor XIIIa is inactivated by iodoacetamide, and the rate of the changes is not altered by addition of large amounts of factor XIIIa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUDonovan JW; Mihalyi E EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3434-43 MJBlood Coagulation; Calcium; Fibrinogen MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cattle; EDTA /PD; Factor XIII /ME; Kinetics; Protein Denaturation; Thermodynamics; Thrombin /ME MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4.21.28 (Ancrod); EC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000520 TIClotting of fibrinogen. 2. Calorimetry of the reversal of the effect of calcium on clotting with thrombin and with ancrod. ABWhen clotting is effected by thrombin in the presence of calcium, the endotherm for the D nodules of fibrinogen broadens significantly and then becomes narrow again, while increasing in size. Clotting effected by the snake venom enzyme Ancrod, which releases only the A fibrinopeptides from the E nodule, shows only the broadening of the D endotherm. Accordingly, significant interactions of the D nodules of fibrinogen become possible only when the B fibrinopeptides of the E nodule are released on clotting. When calcium present during clotting is removed from the fibrin clot with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, the endotherm for the D nodules of fibrin shows nearly complete reversal if clotting was effected with Ancrod but appears to be divided into two endotherms if clotting was effected with thrombin. At neutral pH, new endotherms were observed for fibrinogen in the temperature range 105-140 degrees C. AUMihalyi E; Donovan JW EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3443-8 MJAncrod; Blood Coagulation; Calcium; Fibrinogen; Thrombin MNCalorimetry; Cattle; EDTA /PD; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.4. (Carboxypeptidases); EC 3.4.17.8 (Carboxypeptidase Transpeptidase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (penicillin-binding protein); 61-33-6 (Penicillin G) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000521 TIPurification and sequencing of the active site tryptic peptide from penicillin-binding protein 1b of Escherichia coli. ABThis paper reports the sequence of the active site peptide of penicillin-binding protein 1b from Escherichia coli. Purified penicillin-binding protein 1b was labeled with [14C]penicillin G, digested with trypsin, and partially purified by gel filtration. Upon further purification by high-pressure liquid chromatography, two radioactive peaks were observed, and the major peak, representing over 75% of the applied radioactivity, was submitted to amino acid analysis and sequencing. The sequence Ser-Ile-Gly-Ser-Leu-Ala-Lys was obtained. The active site nucleophile was identified by digesting the purified peptide with aminopeptidase M and separating the radioactive products on high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis confirmed that the serine residue in the middle of the sequence was covalently bonded to the [14C]penicilloyl moiety. A comparison of this sequence to active site sequences of other penicillin-binding proteins and beta-lactamases is presented. AUNicholas RA; Suzuki H; Hirota Y; Strominger JL EM8601 IDAI-09152 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3448-53 MJCarboxypeptidase Transpeptidase; Carboxypeptidases; Carrier Proteins; Escherichia Coli; Penicillins MNAmino Acids /AN; Binding Sites; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Membrane /ME; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Penicillin G /ME; Peptide Fragments /IP; Trypsin MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN2315-97-1 (10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium); 62669-70-9 (rhodamine 123); 82-76-8 (1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate); 9006-99-9 (Bence Jones Protein) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000522 TIPressure-induced conformational changes in a human Bence-Jones protein (Mcg). ABThe effect of high static pressures on the internal structure of the immunoglobulin light chain (Bence-Jones) dimer from the patient Mcg was assessed with measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence polarization and intensity. Depolarization of intrinsic fluorescence was observed at relatively low pressures (less than 2 kbar), with a standard volume change of -93 mL/mol. The significant conformational changes indicated by these observations were not attributable to major protein unfolding, since pressures exceeding 2 kbar were required to alter intrinsic fluorescence emission maxima and yields. Fluorescence intensity and polarization measurements were used to investigate pressure effects on the binding of bis(8-anilino-naphthalene-1-sulfonate) (bis-ANS), rhodamine 123, and bis(N-methylacridinium nitrate) (lucigenin). Below 1.5 kbar the Mcg dimer exhibited a small decrease in affinity for bis-ANS (standard volume change approximately 5.9 mL/mol). At 3 kbar the binding activity increased by greater than 250-fold (volume change -144 mL/mol) and remained 10-fold higher than its starting value after decompression. With rhodamine 123 the binding activity showed an initial linear increase but plateaued at pressures greater than 1.5 kbar (standard volume change -23 mL/mol). These pressure effects were completely reversible. Binding activity with lucigenin increased slightly at low pressures (standard volume change -5.5 mL/mol), but the protein was partially denatured at pressures greater than 2 kbar. Taken in concert with the results of parallel binding studies in crystals of the Mcg dimer, these observations support the concept of a large malleable binding region with broad specificity for aromatic compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHerron JN; Ely KR; Edmundson AB EM8601 IDCA 19616; GMO 8843 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3453-9 MJBence Jones Protein MNAcridines; Amyloidosis /UR; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Fluorescent Dyes; Kinetics; Pressure; Protein Conformation; Rhodamines; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-00-8 (guanidine); 57-13-6 (Urea); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000523 TIRefolding a disulfide dimer of cytochrome c. ABA covalent dimer of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1 cytochrome c is stabilized by an interchain disulfide bond involving the cysteine residue penultimate to the C-terminus. The individual chains in the dimer appear to retain the tertiary structural features characteristic for monomeric cytochrome c albeit with some perturbation. The dimer is reversibly denatured by heat, urea, or guanidine hydrochloride in a single cooperative transition whose midpoint is less than that of the monomeric protein. The kinetic profile observed for the refolding of the denatured dimer is characteristic for monomeric cytochromes except for a markedly enhanced slow-phase amplitude. AUBryant C; Strottmann JM; Stellwagen E EM8601 IDGM-22109; HL-14388 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3459-64 MJCytochrome C; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNCircular Dichroism; Disulfides /ME; Guanidines /PD; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Urea /PD MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11096-37-0 (Transferrin); 74-89-5 (methylamine); 7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000524 TIRelease of iron from the two iron-binding sites of transferrin by cultured human cells: modulation by methylamine. ABWe have investigated the effect of increasing concentrations of methylamine (5, 10, and 25 mM) on the removal of iron from the two iron-binding sites of transferrin during endocytosis by human erythroleukemia (K562) cells. The molecular forms of transferrin released from the cells were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6 M urea. Endocytosis of diferric transferrin was efficient since greater than 10% of surface-bound protein escaped endocytosis and was released in the diferric form. Although transferrin exocytosed from control cells had been depleted of 80% of its iron and contained 65-70% apotransferrin, iron-bearing species were also released (15% C-terminal monoferric; 10% N-terminal; 10% diferric). The ratio of the two monoferric species (C/N) was 1.32 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SD; n = 4), suggesting that iron in the N-terminal site was more accessible to cells. In the presence of methylamine there was a concentration-dependent increase in the proportion of diferric transferrin release (less than 80% at 25 mM) and a concomitant decrease in apotransferrin. Small amounts of the iron-depleted species, especially apotransferrin, appeared before diferric transferrin, suggesting that these were preferentially released from the cells. The discrepancy between the proportions of the monoferric transferrin species noted with control cells was enhanced at all concentrations of methylamine, most markedly at 10 mM when the C/N ratio was 2.4. The N-terminal site of transferrin loses its iron at a higher pH than the C-terminal site, and so by progressively perturbing the pH of the endocytic vesicle we have increased the difference between the two sites observed with control cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBomford A; Young SP; Williams R EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3472-8 MJIron; Methylamines; Transferrin MNBinding Sites; Cell Line; Endocytosis /DE; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Leukemia, Myelocytic; Protein Binding MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (trypsin-1-chloro-3-(carbobenzyloxyamino) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000525 TI13C NMR study of the ionizations within a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone inhibitor complex. AB13C NMR is used to detect ionizations within a trypsin-chloromethyl ketone inhibitor complex. The pKa values observed are compared with those predicted by free-energy relationships. For the denatured/autolyzed inhibitor complex, a pKa = 5.26 is observed, which is assigned to the ionization of the imidazole of histidine-57. For the intact inhibitor complex a pKa = 7.88 is determined. This pKa is assigned to the ionization of the hemiketal hydroxyl (pKa = 7.88-8.1) and provides the first direct evidence that the serine proteases are able to stabilize the oxyanion of tetrahedral adducts. Indirect evidence is adduced that the imidazole pK1 of histidine-57 is greater than or equal to 8.1. Line-broadening studies suggest that there may be extra fast exchange line broadening, which could result from rapid tautomeric exchange between neutral and zwitterionic species within the inhibitor complex. The significance of these results for the catalytic mechanism of serine proteases is discussed. AUMalthouse JP; Primrose WU; Mackenzie NE; Scott AI EM8601 IDGM32596 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3478-87 MJAmino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; Trypsin Inhibitors; Trypsin MNCattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Binding; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-48-4 (Cobalt) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000526 TIStructure of metal-nucleotide complexes bound to creatine kinase: 31P NMR measurements using Mn(II) and Co(II). ABThe structures of metal-nucleotide complexes bound to rabbit muscle creatine kinase have been studied by making measurements of paramagnetic effects of two dissimilar activating paramagnetic cations, Mn(II) and Co(II), on the spin-relaxation rates of the 31P nuclei of ATP and ADP in these complexes. The experiments were performed on enzyme-bound complexes, thereby limiting the contributions to the observed relaxation rate to two exchanging complexes (with and without the cation). Measurements were made as a function of temperature in the range 5-35 degrees C and at three 31P NMR frequencies, 81, 121.5, and 190.2 MHz, in order to determine the effect of exchange on the observed relaxation rates. The relaxation rates in E X MnADP and E X MnATP are independent of frequency, and their temperature variation yields activation energies (delta E) in the range 5-8 kcal/mol; in the transition-state analogue complex E X MnADP X NO3- X Cre (Cre is creatine), delta E is increased to 17.3 kcal/mol. These results demonstrate that the relaxation rates in the Mn(II) complexes are exchange limited and are incapable of providing structural data. It is shown further that use of line-width measurements to estimate the lifetime of the paramagnetic complex leads to incorrect results. The relaxation rates in E X CoADP and E X CoATP exhibit frequency dependence and delta E values in the range 1-3 kcal/mol; i.e., these rates depend on the Co(II)-31P distances, whereas those in the E X CoADP X NO3- X Cre complex have delta E approximately 18 kcal/mol and are significantly contributed by exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJarori GK; Ray BD; Nageswara Rao BD EM8601 IDRR01077 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3487-94 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Cobalt; Creatine Kinase; Manganese MNMathematics; Models, Biological; Muscles /EN; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Binding; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Carboxypeptidases); 0 (arsanilazocarboxypeptidase A); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine); 7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000527 TIInteraction of zinc ions with arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A. ABThe interaction between arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A ([(Azo-CPD)Zn]) and excess zinc ions has been studied by stopped-flow and spectrophotometric methods at pH 8.2 and 7.7, I = 0.5 M (NaCl), and 25 degrees C. When excess zinc ions bind to arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A, the characteristic red color, which arises from the intramolecular complex of the arsanilazotyrosine-248 residue with the active site zinc of the enzyme, changes to yellow with the inhibition of peptidase activity of the enzyme. Excess zinc ions have two binding sites for arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A, and the binding constants of the first site (3.9 X 10(5) M-1 at pH 8.2; 7.1 X 10(4) M-1 at pH 7.7) are much larger than those of the second site (1.8 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 8.2; 7 X 10(2) M-1 at pH 7.7). The binding of excess zinc ions to the first site is completely correlated with the inhibition of the enzyme peptidase activity and the color change of the enzyme. The results can be understood in terms of zinc ions reacting with only one of three conformational states of arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A [Harrison, L. W., Auld, D. S., & Vallee, B. L. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 4356].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUHirose J; Noji M; Kidani Y; Wilkins RG EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3495-502 MJCarboxypeptidases; Zinc MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Tyrosine RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.1.1 (NADP Transhydrogenase); 0 (5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 58-61-7 (Adenosine) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000528 TIMitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase: active site modification by 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine. ABMembrane-bound and purified mitochondrial energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (TH) was inhibited by incubation with 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSBA), which is an analogue of TH substrates and their competitive inhibitors, namely, 5'-, 2'-, or 3'-AMP. NAD(H) and analogues, NADP, 5'-AMP, 5'-ADP, and 2'-AMP/3'-AMP mixed isomers protected TH against inhibition by FSBA, but NADPH accelerated the inhibition rate. In the absence of protective ligands or in the presence of NADP, FSBA appeared to modify the NAD(H) binding site of TH, because, unlike unmodified TH, the enzyme modified by FSBA under these conditions did not bind to an NAD-affinity column (NAD-agarose). However, when the NAD(H) binding site of TH was protected in the presence of 5'-AMP or NAD, then FSBA modification resulted in an inhibited enzyme that did bind to NAD-agarose, suggesting FSBA modification of the NADP(H) binding site or an essential residue outside the active site. [3H]FSBA was covalently bound to TH, and complete inhibition corresponded to the binding of about 0.5 mol of [3H]FSBA/mol of TH. Since purified TH is known to be dimeric in the isolated state, this binding stoichiometry suggests half-of-the-sites reactivity. A similar binding stoichiometry was found earlier for complete inhibition of TH by [14C]DCCD [Phelps, D.C., & Hatefi, Y. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 4475-4480]. The active site directed labeling of TH by radioactive FSBA should allow isolation of appropriate peptides for sequence analysis of the NAD(H) and possibly the NADP(H) binding domains. AUPhelps DC; Hatefi Y EM8601 IDGM-24887; AM08126 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3503-7 MJAdenosine; Affinity Labels; Mitochondria, Heart; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP Transhydrogenase MNAdenosine /PD; Binding Sites; Cattle; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Substrate Specificity; Tritium MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1.43 (Lecithin Acyltransferase); 0 (apolipoprotein A-I); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 616-02-4 (citraconic anhydride); 674-82-8 (diketene) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000529 TIEffects of amino group modification in discoidal apolipoprotein A-I-egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol complexes on their reactions with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. ABDiscoidal complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I-egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol were prepared by the sodium cholate dialysis procedure and were reacted to varying extents with the amino group reagents citraconic anhydride, diketene, and formaldehyde in the presence of sodium borohydride. Modification of positive lysine residues with negative or neutral groups (citraconic anhydride and diketene, respectively) resulted, for extensively reacted complexes (90%), in structural alterations and in a marked decrease in reactivity with purified human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The structural and kinetic effects were partially reversible by removal of the modifying groups or by increased ionic strength. Similar extents of modification (84%) with retention of positive charge and introduction of two methyl groups (reductive methylation) had no effect on the structure or the reactivity of the complexes. These results, together with kinetic data at variable complex concentrations or at variable temperatures, indicate that specific lysine residues of apolipoprotein A-I are not involved in the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation process; instead, charge interactions and structural changes are responsible for the observed decrease in activating capacity. In terms of kinetic parameters, intrinsic K*m values and probably enzyme-substrate particle dissociation constants are affected, but the activation energies remain the same upon chemical modification. AUJonas A; Covinsky KE; Sweeny SA EM8601 IDHL-16059; HL-29939 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3508-13 MJApolipoproteins A; Cholesterol; Citraconic Anhydrides; Formaldehyde; Furans; Lactones; Lecithin Acyltransferase; Lipoproteins, HDL; Phosphatidylcholines MNBorohydrides /PD; Carbon Radioisotopes; Egg Yolk; Kinetics; Protein Binding MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3. (Acyltransferases); EC 2.3.1.- (palmitoyl CoA glycoprotein acyltransferase); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000530 TIEffect of ethanol on mucus glycoprotein fatty acyltransferase from gastric mucosa. ABThe enzyme activity that catalyzes the transfer of palmitic acid from palmitoyl coenzyme A to the deacylated intact or deglycosylated gastric mucus glycoprotein was demonstrated in the detergent extracts of the microsomal fraction of antral and body mucosa of the rat stomach. Both types of mucosa exhibited similar acyltransferase activities and acceptor specificities. A 10-14% decrease in the fatty acyltransferase activity was observed with the reduced and S-carboxymethylated mucus glycoprotein, but the proteolytically degraded glycoprotein showed no acceptor capacity. This indicated that the acylation of mucus glycoprotein with fatty acids occurs at its nonglycosylated polypeptide regions and that some of the fatty acids may be linked via thiol esters. Optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7.4 with the detergent Triton X-100, NaF, and dithiothreitol. The apparent Km values for the intact and deglycosylated mucus glycoproteins were 0.45 and 0.89 microM, respectively. The acyltransferase activity of the microsomal enzyme was inhibited by ethanol. With both intact and deglycosylated glycoprotein substrates, the rate of inhibition was proportional to the ethanol concentration up to 0.4 M and was of the competitive type. The K1 values were 0.80 microM for the intact mucus glycoprotein and 1.82 microM for the deglycosylated glycoprotein. Preincubation of the microsomal enzyme with low concentrations of ethanol (up to 0.5 M) did not seem to exert any additional deterrent effect on acyltransferase activity. Higher concentrations of ethanol (1.0 M and above), however, caused substantial reduction in the transferase activity due to denaturation of the enzyme. AUSlomiany BL; Liau YH; Piasek A; Slomiany A EM8601 IDAA-05858-02; AM-21684-07 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3514-21 MJAcyltransferases; Alcohol, Ethyl; Gastric Mucosa MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Glycopeptides /IP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunoelectrophoresis; Kinetics; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 6.2.1. (Coenzyme A Synthetases); EC 6.2.1.- (palmityl CoA synthetase); EC 6.2.1.3 (acyl-CoA synthetase); 0 (fatty acid-binding proteins); 57-10-3 (palmitic acid); 57-11-4 (stearic acid) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000531 TIFatty acids bound to unilamellar lipid vesicles as substrates for microsomal acyl-CoA ligase. ABPalmitate incorporated into single-layered vesicles of phosphatidylcholine was used as a substrate for palmitoyl coenzyme A ligase (palmitoyl-CoA ligase) in microsomes from rat liver. This was done in order to avoid the use of detergents for dispersal of the water-insoluble palmitate and the possibility of precipitating palmitate added to the aqueous assay as a salt suspension. The activity of the ligase measured when palmitate was added to assays as a component of phospholipid vesicles was 10-40-fold greater vs. activities reported in the literature using other methods for adding fatty acids to the assay system. Phospholipids, however, had no direct effect on the activity of palmitoyl-CoA ligase. The data indicate, therefore, that the activity of this enzyme has been underestimated because of the manner in which fatty acid was added to the assay, which has a significant effect on the activity of the ligase. It is shown too that the rate of spontaneous transfer of palmitate from unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine to microsomes via a hydrated intermediate is far more rapid than the inherent catalytic activity of the fatty acyl-CoA ligase. The data also suggest that the membrane-associated pool of fatty acid and not fatty acid in the aqueous phase of the assay is the pool of substrate interacting with the ligase. AUNoy N; Zakim D EM8601 IDGM33142 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3521-5 MJCoenzyme A Synthetases; Microsomes, Liver MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Carrier Proteins /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /ME; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Palmitic Acids /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serum Albumin /ME; Stearic Acids /ME; Substrate Specificity MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1. (Pyrophosphatases); EC 3.6.1.1 (inorganic pyrophosphatase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000532 TIKinetic model for the action of the inorganic pyrophosphatase from Streptococcus faecalis. ABKinetic studies of the less active form of Streptococcus faecalis inorganic pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.1), together with computational analysis, indicated that cooperativity in ligand binding contributes in a significant way to the behavior of this enzyme. The simplest model applicable to our data was a Monod-Wyman-Changeux-type, allosteric model, in which the enzyme is proposed to exist in two states, referred to as R and T states, respectively. In the absence of ligands, 94% of the enzyme was in the T state. MgPPi2- was the only substrate for the enzyme in the R form. This substrate was bound equally well by both enzyme forms, but it was hydrolyzed 5 times more efficiently by the R form than it was by the T form. Mg2PPi was bound exclusively to the T state of the enzyme, and it was hydrolyzed 25% as rapidly as MgPPi2- by the T form. Mg2PPi inhibited the hydrolysis of the more efficient substrate, MgPPi2-, by competing with MgPPi2- for the enzyme in the T form and by shifting the R----T equilibrium in favor of the T form. Mg2+ stabilized the R state, thus activating the hydrolysis of MgPPi2- and inhibiting that of Mg2PPi. AULahti R; Jokinen M EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3526-30 MJModels, Biological; Pyrophosphatases; Streptococcus Faecalis MNKinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Protein Binding RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.21 (Beta-Glucosidases) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000533 TIReversible inhibitors of beta-glucosidase. ABA variety of reversible inhibitors of sweet almond beta-glucosidase were examined. These included simple sugars and sugar derivatives, amines and phenols. With respect to the sugar inhibitors and, indeed, the various glycoside substrates, the enzyme has what can be considered a ╥relaxed specificity╙. No single substituent on glucose, for example, is essential for binding. Replacement of a hydroxyl group with an anionic substituent reduces the affinity while substitution with a cationic (amine) substituent enhances the affinity. Amines, in general, are good inhibitors, binding more tightly than the corresponding alcohols: pKiRNH3+ = 0.645pKiROH + 1.77 (n = 9, r = 0.97). The affinity of a series of 10 primary amines was found to be strongly influenced by substituent hydrophobicity: pKi = 0.52 pi + 1.32 (r = 0.95). The major binding determinant of the glycoside substrates is the aglycon moiety. Thus, the Ki values of phenols are similar in magnitude to the Ks values of the corresponding aryl beta-glucoside. The pH dependence for the inhibition by various phenols indicates that it is the un-ionized phenol which binds to the enzyme when an enzymic group of pKa = 6.8 (+/- 0.1) is protonated. The affinity of the phenol inhibitor is dependent on its basicity with a Bronsted coefficient for binding of beta = -0.26 (n = 14, r = 0.98). The pH dependence of the binding of two particularly potent beta-glucosidase inhibitors was also examined. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-glucitol) has a pH-corrected Ki = 6.5 microM, and D-glucono-1,5-lactam has a pH-corrected Ki = 29 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUDale MP; Ensley HE; Kern K; Sastry KA; Byers LD EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3530-9 MJBeta-Glucosidases; Glucosidases; Seeds MNGlycosides /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.5.1.15 (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase); EC 3.5.4. (Aminohydrolases); EC 6. (Ligases); EC 6.3.4.3 (Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 1609-47-8 (Diethyl Pyrocarbonate); 73699-18-0 (formyl-methenyl-methylenetetrahydrofolate synthetase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000534 TIEvidence for overlapping active sites in a multifunctional enzyme: immunochemical and chemical modification studies on C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ABThe relationship of the active sites which catalyze the three reactions in the trifunctional enzyme C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (C1-THF synthase) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been examined with immunochemical and chemical modification techniques. Immunotitration of the enzyme with a polyclonal antiserum resulted in identical inhibition curves for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities which were distinctly different from the inhibition curve for the synthetase activity. During chemical modification with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), the three activities were inactivated at significantly different rates, indicating that at least three distinct essential residues are involved in the reaction with DEPC. The pH dependence of the reaction with DEPC was consistent with the modification of histidyl residues. Treatment of C1-THF synthase with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) resulted in significant inactivation of only the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, with the cyclohydrolase at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than the dehydrogenase. Inactivation of cyclohydrolase was biphasic at NEM concentrations above 0.1 mM, suggesting two essential cysteinyl residues were being modified. NADP+, a dehydrogenase substrate, protected both dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase activities, but not synthetase activity, against inactivation by either reagent. Synthetase substrates had no protective ability. Pteroylpolyglutamates and p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamates exhibited some protection of all three activities. The p-aminobenzoic acid polyglutamate series showed progressive protection with increasing chain length. These results are consistent with an overlapping site for the dehydrogenase and cyclohydrolase reactions, independent from the synthetase active site. Possible active-site configurations and the role of the polyglutamate tail in substrate binding are discussed. AUAppling DR; Rabinowitz JC EM8601 IDAM2109-26; GM08889 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3540-7 MJAminohydrolases /ME; Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase /ME; Ligases; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase /ME; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Oxidoreductases; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNAminohydrolases /AI; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Binding Sites; Diethyl Pyrocarbonate /PD; Ethylmaleimide /PD; Formyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase /AI; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase /AI; Multienzyme Complexes /AI; Substrate Specificity MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 4.2.1.20 (Tryptophan Synthase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000535 TICharacterization of an early intermediate in the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase by hydrogen exchange measurement. ABThe development of the hydrogen bonding network in the early stages of the folding of the alpha subunit of tryptophan synthase was monitored with a hydrogen exchange technique. The orders of magnitude difference between the rapid conversions of the unfolded forms to two stable intermediates (milliseconds) and the subsequent slow conversions of the intermediates to the native form (greater than 100 s) was used to selectively label with tritium the hydrogen bonds that form in the first 30 s of folding at 0 degree C. Rapid removal of the tritiated solvent by gel filtration ensured that hydrogen bonds formed in subsequent folding reactions would be unlabeled. Limited proteolysis and separation of peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography permitted the determination of the amount of label retained in individual peptides by scintillation counting. Peptides 1-70 and 71-188, which when covalently linked comprise the stable amino domain in the native conformation, retain 91% and 93%, respectively, of the label retained when the protein is allowed to completely refold in tritiated solvent. Peptide 189-268, the marginally stable carboxyl domain, only retains 43% of the label. The striking difference in retention of label confirms the independent folding of these two domains and shows that the kinetic intermediates that appear in the folding of alpha subunit correspond to structural domains in the native conformation. The near-equality of the labeling of the two peptides comprising the amino domain shows that this domain folds as a single entity and that subdomain folding is unlikely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBeasty AM; Matthews CR EM8601 IDGM 23303; K04 AG00153 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3547-53 MJTryptophan Synthase MNAmino Acids /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Escherichia Coli /EN; Hydrogen Bonding; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments /AN; Protein Conformation; Trypsin MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000536 TIPurification, sequence, and pharmacological properties of sea anemone toxins from Radianthus paumotensis. A new class of sea anemone toxins acting on the sodium channel. ABFour new toxins have been isolated from the sea anemone Radianthus paumotensis: RpI, RpII, RpIII, and RpIV. They are polypeptides comprised of 48 or 49 amino acids; the sequence of RpII has been determined. Toxicities of these toxins in mice and crabs are similar to those of the other known sea anemone toxins, but they fall into a different immunochemically defined class. The sequence of RpII shows close similarities with the N-terminal end (up to residue 20) of the previously sequenced long sea anemone toxins, but most of the remaining part of the molecule is completely different. Like the other sea anemone toxins, Radianthus toxins are active on sodium channels; they slow down the inactivation process. Through their Na+ channel action, Radianthus toxins stimulate Na+ influx into tetrodotoxin-sensitive neuroblastoma cells and tetrodotoxin-resistant rat skeletal myoblasts. The efficiency of the toxins is similar in the two cellular systems. In that respect, Radianthus toxins behave much more like scorpion neurotoxins than sea anemone toxins from Anemonia sulcata or Anthopleura xanthogrammica. In binding experiments to synaptosomal Na+ channels, Radianthus toxins compete with toxin II from the scorpion Androctonus australis but not with toxins II and V from Anemonia sulcata. AUSchweitz H; Bidard JN; Frelin C; Pauron D; Vijverberg HP; Mahasneh DM; Lazdunski M; Vilbois F; Tsugita A EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3554-61 MJCoelenterata; Coelenterate Venoms; Ion Channels /ME; Sea Anemones; Sodium MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Coelenterate Venoms /PD; Ion Channels /DE; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice; Muscles /PH; Neuroblastoma; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.18.1.2 (Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase); EC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); 1404-15-5 (Nogalamycin); 20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin); 57576-44-0 (aclacinomycin A); 7439-96-5 (Manganese) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000537 TIAnthracycline antibiotic reduction by spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase and ferredoxin. ABSpinach NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.7.1) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the anthracyclines daunomycin, aclacinomycin A, and nogalamycin and their respective 7-deoxyanthracyclinones. Under anaerobic conditions, the endogenous rate of O2 reduction by NADPH catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase (0.12 s-1 at pH 7.4) is augmented by the anthracyclines and 7-deoxyanthracyclinones. The catalytic constants are approximately equivalent for this augmentation for all substrates (approximate V of 2 s-1 and KM of 75 microM). Both O2- and H2O2 are made. Under anaerobic conditions, anthracycline reduction catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase results in the elimination of the C-7 substituent to provide a quinone methide intermediate. Following tautomerization by C-7 protonation, 7-deoxyanthracyclinones are obtained. Under appropriate conditions these may be further reduced to the 7-deoxyanthracyclinone hydroquinones. For daunomycin, the quinone methide is formed rapidly after reduction and is easily monitored at 600 nm. It may react with electrophiles other than H+, as demonstrated by its competitive trapping by p-carboxybenzaldehyde. It may also react with nucleophiles, as demonstrated by its competitive trapping by N-acetylcysteine. For aclacinomycin, quinone methide formation is also rapid although no distinct transient near 600 nm occurs. In addition to protonation, it reacts with itself providing the 7,7'-dimer. With ethyl xanthate as a thiolate nucleophile, adducts derived from addition to C-7 are obtained. For nogalamycin, quinone methide formation is not rapid. Nogalamycin is reduced to its hydroquinone, which slowly converts in a first-order process [k = (1.2 +/- 0.2) X 10(-3) s-1, pH 8.0, 30 degrees C] to the quinone methide, which is then quenched by protonation. Spinach ferredoxin in its reduced form is chemically competent for anthracycline reduction. Its effect on both the aerobic and anaerobic reactions catalyzed by ferredoxin reductase is to increase severalfold the overall velocity for anthracycline reduction. In conclusion, the aerobic reaction pathways for the anthracyclines as mediated by ferredoxin reductase are remarkably similar, while the anaerobic reactions are remarkably different. If these anthracyclines exert their antitumor activity by a common anaerobic pathway, it is most likely that the pathway is determined by the properties of the anthracycline as complexed to its in vivo target. The behavior of ferredoxin further suggests that not only low-potential flavin centers but also iron-sulfur centers should be regarded as important loci for anthracycline reductive activation. AUFisher J; Abdella BR; McLane KE EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3562-71 MJAntibiotics; Daunorubicin; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Ferredoxins; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Nogalamycin; Plants MNManganese /PD; Naphthacenes /ME; Stereoisomers; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000538 TISpin-label studies on the origin of the specificity of lipid-protein interactions in Na+,K+-ATPase membranes from Squalus acanthias. ABThe pH dependence and salt dependence of the lipid-protein interactions of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and stearic acid with Na+,K+-ATPase membranes from Squalus acanthias have been studied with spin-label electron spin resonance spectroscopy, using lipids with nitroxide labels on the 14-position C atom of the sn-2 chain. For phosphatidic acid and stearic acid, the fraction of motionally restricted spin-label increases with increasing pH, with pKa's of 6.6 and 8.0, respectively. In contrast, the pKa of stearic acid in the bulk lipid environment of the membrane is estimated from spin-label spectroscopy to be approximately equal to 6.6. The fraction of motionally restricted phosphatidylserine spin-label remains constant over the pH range 4.7-9.2. In the fully dissociated state the fractions of motionally restricted spin-labeled phosphatidic and stearic acids decrease with increasing salt concentration, reaching an approximately constant value at [NaCl] = 0.5-1.0 M. For stearic acid the net decrease is comparable to that obtained on protonation, but for phosphatidic acid the decrease is considerably smaller (by approximately 55%) than that obtained on protonating the lipid. The fraction of motionally restricted phosphatidylserine spin-label varies relatively little with salt concentration up to 1 M NaCl. Direct electrostatic effects alone cannot account for the whole of the observed specificity of interaction of the two phospholipids with Na+,K+-ATPase membranes. AUEsmann M; Marsh D EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3572-8 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Phospholipids MNCell Membrane /EN; Dogfish; Electron Spin Resonance /MT; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Binding; Rectum; Salt Gland /EN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3713-31-3 (Fucose) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000539 TIBlood group A determinants with mono- and difucosyl type 1 chain in human erythrocyte membranes. ABApplication of a monoclonal antibody defining monofucosyl type 1 chain A (AH21) revealed the presence of a glycolipid having the same thin-layer chromatography mobility as Aa but showing a clear reactivity with AH21. This glycolipid was detectable in Lea-b- erythrocytes but not in Lea+b- or Lea-b+ erythrocytes. Another monoclonal antibody defining difucosyl type 1 chain A (HH3) detected the presence of a glycolipid component reacting with this antibody in Lea-b+ erythrocytes but not in Lea+b- or Lea-b- erythrocytes. The component defined by monoclonal antibody AH21 and that defined by HH3 were isolated and characterized by 1H NMR spectrometry and methylation analysis as having the structures (Formula: see text) The 1H NMR spectra of these glycolipid antigens were characterized by resonances for anomeric protons that are identical with those of glycolipids with type 1 chain previously isolated but distinctively different from those of type 2 chain analogues. Resonances reflecting ceramide composition are characteristic for these antigens from human erythrocytes and are distinguishable from those of the same antigen from other sources. AUClausen H; Levery SB; McKibbin JM; Hakomori S EM8601 IDCA19224; GM23100; CA29495 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3578-86 MJABO Blood-Group System; Erythrocyte Membrane MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fucose /AN; Glycolipids /IP; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000540 TIA small hydrophobic domain that localizes human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase in liposomal membranes is cleaved by papain digestion. ABA small hydrophobic domain in isolated human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase is responsible for the interaction of this enzyme with detergent micelles and the aggregation of the enzyme on removal of detergent. Papain has been shown to cleave this hydrophobic domain and to generate a fully active hydrophilic enzyme that shows no tendency to interact with detergents or to aggregate [Dutta-Choudhury, T.A., & Rosenberry, T.L. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 5653-5660]. We report here that the intact enzyme could be reconstituted into phospholipid liposomes while the papain-disaggregated enzyme showed no capacity for reconstitution. More than 80% of the enzyme reconstituted into small liposomes could be released by papain digestion as the hydrophilic form. Papain was less effective in releasing the enzyme from large liposomes that were probably multilamellar. In a novel application of affinity chromatography on acridinium resin, enzyme reconstituted into small liposomes in the presence of excess phospholipid was purified to a level of 1 enzyme molecule per 4000 phospholipid molecules, a ratio expected if each enzyme molecule was associated with a small, unilamellar liposome. Subunits in the hydrophilic enzyme form released from reconstituted liposomes by papain digestion showed a mass decrease of about 2 kilodaltons relative to the intact subunits according to acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, a difference similar to that observed previously following papain digestion of the soluble enzyme aggregates. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that the same hydrophobic domain in the enzyme is responsible for the interaction of the enzyme with detergent micelles, the aggregation of the enzyme in the absence of detergent, and the incorporation of the enzyme into reconstituted phospholipid membranes. AUKim BH; Rosenberry TL EM8601 IDNS-16577 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3586-92 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Erythrocytes; Liposomes; Papain MNEgg Yolk; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); 303-43-5 (cholesteryl oleate) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000541 TIParameters affecting low-pH-mediated fusion of liposomes with the plasma membrane of cells infected with influenza virus. ABUnilamellar liposomes can be fused at low pH with the plasma membrane of cells that express the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of influenza virus on their surface [van Meer, G., & Simons, K. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 97, 1365-1374]. Here, we have resolved this fusion process into two kinetically distinct steps. The first and more rapid step converts the bound liposome to a form that can no longer be released by neuraminidase. The second step is the actual membrane fusion as measured by the loss of resonance energy transfer between two liposomal fluorescent phospholipids, N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolami ne (N-NBD-PE) and N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE). In contrast to the first step, the rate of the second one was highly dependent on the liposomal lipid composition and the cell type used. The replacement of 50% of the phosphatidylcholine (PC) in egg PC-cholesterol liposomes by unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) species increased the rate of fusion at least 2-fold. Of the PE-containing liposomes that were associated with Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells after 30 s of fusion, 80% had actually fused with the plasma membrane. Fringe pattern fluorescence photobleaching experiments showed that after fusion a fraction of the cell-associated N-Rh-PE diffused laterally in the plasma membrane. Without fusion, the N-Rh-PE was completely immobile. Under optimal conditions, the mobile fractions were 65% on MDCK cells and 78% on baby hamster kidney cells. The mobility was acquired simultaneously with the dilution of the fluorescent phospholipids as measured from the loss of resonance energy transfer. The mobile fraction of N-Rh-PE on the cell surface can therefore be used as a second independent measure of actual membrane fusion. Finally, we observed that upon fusion up to 80% of the nonexchangeable liposome markers cholesterol [14C]oleate and glycerol tri[14C]oleate became accessible to cellular hydrolases. The results showed that this hydrolysis assay can also be used to monitor the second step of the fusion process. AUvan Meer G; Davoust J; Simons K EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3593-602 MJCell Membrane; Liposomes; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian MNCell Line; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cholesterol Esters /ME; Dogs; Energy Transfer; Hamsters; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kidney; Kinetics; Neuraminidase; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTAnimal RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 29855-95-6 (poly(dC-dG); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 73-40-5 (Guanine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000542 TI╥Asymmetric╙ opening reaction mechanism of Z-DNA base pairs: a hydrogen exchange study. ABWith the tritium-Sephadex method, the hydrogen-exchange kinetics of the five NH protons of guanine and cytosine residues in Z-form poly(dG-dC) X poly (dG-dC) were measured as a function of temperature and catalyst concentration. Over the measured temperature range from 0 to 34 degrees C, two classes of protons with constant amplitudes are found. The three protons of the fast class, which were assigned to the guanine amino and imino protons, have an exchange half-time in the minute time range (at 20 degrees C the half-time is 2.5 min) and an activation energy of 18 kcal mol-1. Since these two types of protons exchange at the same rate in spite of their grossly different pK values, the exchange of these protons must be limited by the same nucleic acid conformational change. The two cytosine amino protons of the slow class are especially slow with exchange half-times in the hour time range (at 20 degrees C the exchange half-time is 1 h) and the activation energy is 20 kcal mol-1. The exchange of these two protons is not limited by some nucleic acid conformational change as shown by the marked exchange acceleration of these protons upon addition of 0.2 M imidazole. In addition, we have also reexamined the hydrogen-deuterium exchange kinetics of the amino protons of guanosine cyclic 2',3'-monophosphate by a spectral difference method using a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. The measured kinetic process is monophasic with a rate constant of 3 s-1 at 20 degrees C, which is in the same range as the predicted rate constant of the guanine amino protons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AURamstein J; Vogt N; Leng M EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3603-9 MJBase Composition; DNA; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Polydeoxyribonucleotides MNCytosine; Guanine; Kinetics; Mathematics; Thermodynamics; Tritium MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase I); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7439-97-6 (Mercury) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000543 TIInteraction of DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli with nucleotides. Antagonistic effects of single-stranded polynucleotide homopolymers. ABBinding of deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates to DNA polymerase I of Escherichia coli was measured by using a microscale nonequilibrium dialysis method. It allowed rapid and economic measurement of dissociation constants, with negligible interfering side reactions. A stoichiometry of 1 mol of nucleoside 5'-triphosphate/mol of DNA polymerase was measured, and the occurrence of a single binding site was established, for which the nucleotides competed in the binary complex with the polymerase. Binding affinities decreased in the order dGTP greater than or equal to dATP greater than dCTP congruent to dTTP. These results are in agreement with previous findings [Englund, P. T., Huberman, J. A., Jovin, T. M., & Kornberg, A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3038-3044] except that, in a few cases, values of dissociation constants were smaller by factors of 2-3. The cations Mg2+ and Mn2+, as well as spermine, slightly enhanced complex stability at low levels and decreased it at high concentrations, while NaCl and Hg2+ had only destabilizing effects. Recognition between nucleoside 5'-triphosphates and nucleotide templates was studied by titration of the polymerase-[3H]dGTP complex with polynucleotide homopolymers. Complementary poly(dC) did not affect binding of dGTP, and non-complementary templates caused rejection of the nucleotide. Rejection of dGTP followed a saturation dependence with an equivalence of 110 +/- 10 monomer units of polynucleotides bound per molecule of DNA polymerase. The results favor a model by which recognition arises chiefly from the stereogeometrical fit of complementary template and nucleoside 5'-triphosphate into a rigid binding site. AUMuise O; Holler E EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3618-22 MJDNA Polymerase I /ME; Deoxyribonucleotides; Escherichia Coli MNDNA Polymerase I /AI; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Manganese /PD; Mercury /PD; Polydeoxyribonucleotides /PD; Protein Binding; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (iron bleomycin); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 83-86-3 (Phytic Acid); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000544 TIStimulation of iron(II) bleomycin activity by phosphate-containing compounds. ABOrthophosphate and phosphate derivatives including pyrophosphate, hexametaphosphate, ATP, ADP, and inositol hexaphosphate enhance the extent of DNA degradation by iron(II) bleomycin. These phosphate-containing compounds increase both the release of free nucleic base and that of base propenals which are DNA cleavage products, probably by enhancing the efficiency with which Fe(II) is recruited into the drug. Phosphate action occurs during drug activation prior to the attack on DNA. In addition, phosphates affect the stability of the activated drug complex, overcome the inhibition observed with high concentrations of DNA, and reduce the size of the DNA fragment necessary for reacting with the drug. Phosphate derivatives bind to iron(II) bleomycin and alter its optical spectrum. An analysis of titration data for pyrophosphate and inositol hexaphosphate indicates that each phosphate compound binds to more than one iron(II) bleomycin molecule. With ATP, ADP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, only a single phosphate-containing compound binds to the ferrous drug complex. The affinity for ATP is sufficiently high as to suggest that the ternary complex formed in vitro may exist physiologically. AUBurger RM; Horwitz SB; Peisach J EM8601 IDCA-15714; HL-13399 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3623-9 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bleomycins; DNA; Phosphates; Phytic Acid MNCattle; DNA, Bacterial /ME; Kinetics; Plasmids; Staphylococcus aureus /GE; Thymus Gland MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000545 TISynthesis of d(GC) and d(CG) octamers containing alternating phosphorothioate linkages: effect of the phosphorothioate group on the B-Z transition. ABThe synthesis of four oligonucleotides containing alternating phosphorothioate groups, (Rp)-and (Sp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Rp)- and (Sp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)p(S)G], by the phosphite approach is described. Silica gel to which 2'(3')-O-acetyluridine and 5'-succinyl groups were bound served as support for oligomer synthesis. The syntheses were carried out by dimer addition with presynthesized diastereomerically pure dinucleoside phosphorothioates as building blocks. The products were characterized by 31P NMR, nuclease P1 digestion, and oxidation to the corresponding all-phosphate-containing oligomers. The ability of each oligomer to adopt the Z conformation under high-salt conditions was screened for by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both (Rp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Sp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)3p(S)G] are capable of forming Z-type structures at high NaCl concentrations. In the case of (Rp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] where a phosphorothioate of the Rp configuration occurs 5' to a deoxycytidine residue, the B----Z transition is potentiated in comparison to the unmodified oligomer. (Sp)-d[G(p(S)CpG)3p(S)C] and (Rp)-d[C(p(S)GpC)3p(S)G] retain the B conformation even at high NaCl concentration. AUCosstick R; Eckstein F EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3630-8 MJNucleic Acid Conformation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Thionucleotides MNChemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circular Dichroism; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study RN14875-96-8 (Heme); 9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9044-61-5 (cytochrome b559) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000546 TIAxial ligands of chloroplast cytochrome b-559: identification and requirement for a heme-cross-linked polypeptide structure. ABOptical, resonance Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies have been used to characterize the ligands and spin state of the chloroplast cytochrome b-559. The protein was isolated from both maize and spinach in a low-potential form. The spectroscopic data indicate that the heme iron in both ferric and ferrous cytochrome b-559 is in its low-spin state and ligated in its fifth and sixth coordination positions by histidine nitrogens. Electron paramagnetic resonance data for the purified spinach cytochrome are in good agreement with those determined by Bergstrom and Vanngard [Bergstrom, J., & Vanngard, T. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 682, 452-456] for a low-potential membrane-bound form of cytochrome b-559. The g values of high-potential cytochrome b-559 are shifted from those of its low-potential forms; this shift is interpreted as arising from a deviation of the planes of the two axial histidine imidazole rings from a parallel orientation. The model is consistent with the physical data and may also account for the facility with which cytochrome b-559 can be converted between low- and high-potential forms. Recent biochemical and molecular biological data [Widger, W. R., Cramer, W. A., Hermodson, M., Meyer, D., & Gullifor, M. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3870-3876; Herrmann, R. G., Alt, J., Schiller, D., Cramer, W. A., & Widger, W. R. (1984) FEBS Lett. 179, 239-244] have shown that two polypeptides, one with 83 residues and a second with 39 residues, most likely constitute the protein of the cytochrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBabcock GT; Widger WR; Cramer WA; Oertling WA; Metz JG EM8601 IDGM 25480 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3638-45 MJChloroplasts; Cytochrome b; Plants MNBinding Sites; Electron Spin Resonance; Heme /ME; Macromolecular Systems; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis, Raman MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7.7. (Nucleotidyltransferases); EC 2.7.7.- (Adenine Nucleotide Translocase); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 61-19-8 (Adenosine Monophosphate); 72947-52-5 ((5-(dimethylamino-1-naphthoyl); 72947-53-6 ((5-(dimethylamino); 72947-54-7 (5-(dimethylamino-1-naphthoyl); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000547 TIInteraction of fluorescent 3'-[1,5-(dimethylamino)naphthoyl]adenine nucleotides with the solubilized ADP/ATP carrier. ABThe binding of the 3'-[1,5-(dimethylamino)naphthoyl] (DAN) derivatives of AMP, ADP, and ATP to the solubilized ADP/ATP carrier is studied, evaluating primarily the fluorescence enhancement and 3H-labeled compound binding. DAN nucleotides also fluoresce when adsorbed to Triton X-100 micelles that are used for solubilization of the carrier. The partition of DAN-AMP between water and Triton X-100 micelles is measured, and it is shown to be shifted toward a higher content in Triton micelles with increasing salt concentration. In order to maintain a low level of fluorescence, the Triton content is decreased. The fraction of DAN nucleotide fluorescence due to carrier binding is determined by the suppression with bongkrekate (BKA). In contrast to the membrane-bound carrier, the solubilized preparation shows an increase of total BKA-sensitive fluorescence by 30-60% upon addition of ATP or ADP. In the solubilized atractylate-protein complex, the ADP-stimulated fluorescence amounts even to 80%. The suppression of fluorescence by BKA is independent of the presence of ADP or ATP, while that by carboxyatractylate (CAT) depends on ADP or ATP. The quantitation with [3H]BKA and [3H]CAT of these ligand interactions with DAN-AMP fluorescence shows that DAN-AMP fluorescence reflects the ╥m╙-state carrier population and its redistribution under the influence of ADP or ATP. Thus, besides the ╥c╙/╥m╙ distribution, the kinetics of the c to m transition in the solubilized carrier also can be determined. The m share is increased to 80% when SO4, Pi, or pyrophosphate is present during solubilization. The rate of the ADP- or ATP-stimulated transition to the m state is markedly dependent on pH and on the presence of various anions, whereas the extent is little varied. The affinity decreases 4-fold going from DAN-AMP to DAN-ADP and to DAN-ATP (KD = 0.9, 1.6, and 3.2 microM). Comparison with physical binding of [3H]DAN nucleotides shows that the fluorescence yield of bound DAN-AMP is about 1.4 times higher than that of bound DAN-ATP. DAN substitution causes more than a 100-fold affinity increase for AMP and a 50-fold increase for ADP or ATP, probably because of interaction of the DAN group with a hydrophobic niche. A less specific, low-affinity displacement of DAN nucleotides by GDP, ADP, GTP and ATP (Ki = 1-2 mM) probably reflects primarily the ionic interactions at the binding center. AUKlingenberg M; Mayer I; Appel M EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3650-9 MJAdenine Nucleotide Translocase; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Mitochondria, Heart; Nucleotidyltransferases MNAdenosine Diphosphate /ME; Adenosine Monophosphate /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Cattle; Detergents /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Tritium MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-12-2 (GABA); 58-46-8 (Tetrabenazine); 96557-41-4 (N-(3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo(a) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000548 TIPhotoaffinity labeling of the tetrabenazine binding sites of bovine chromaffin granule membranes. ABAn azido derivative of tetrabenazine, a specific inhibitor of the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule membranes, has been synthesized. In the dark, this compound, 3H-labeled N-(3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7-hexahydro-11bH-benzo [a]quinolizin-2-yl)-4-[(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]butanamide+ ++ ([3H]TBA), bound reversibly to purified chromaffin granule membranes. Centrifugation through SP-Sephadex columns was used to separate bound and free [3H]TBA. This technique gave low levels of nonspecific binding and allowed recovery of [3H]TBA-membrane complexes. Scatchard analysis of the data indicated one class of sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant KD of 50 nM and a density of sites of 40-50 pmol/mg of protein, consistent with reported densities of reserpine and dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites. Competition experiments showed that TBA and tetrabenazine bound to the same site. Irradiation at 435 nm of [3H]TBA-membrane mixtures induced some irreversible binding of the probe to membranes. After irreversible binding of TBA, the number of dihydrotetrabenazine binding sites was decreased, indicating that the probe was covalently bound to the monoamine carrier. [3H]TBA-membrane complexes isolated by centrifugation through SP-Sephadex columns were irradiated, and their radioactivity was analyzed by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. A polypeptide with a molecular weight of 70 000 was labeled. This polypeptide was different from dopamine beta-hydroxylase, and it was not adsorbed on concanavalin A-Sepharose. It is proposed that the monoamine carrier of chromaffin granule membrane has an oligomeric structure, involving a 45K subunit [Gabizon, R., Yetinson, T., & Schuldiner, S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 15145] and a 70K subunit. AUIsambert MF; Henry JP EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3660-7 MJAdrenal Medulla; Affinity Labels; Azides; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Intracellular Membranes; Tetrabenazine MNAzides /ME; Binding Sites; Cattle; Cell Fractionation; GABA; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Tetrabenazine /CS MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN23668-11-3 (Pactamycin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000549 TIPhotoaffinity labeling of the pactamycin binding site on eubacterial ribosomes. ABPactamycin, an inhibitor of the initial steps of protein synthesis, has an acetophenone group in its chemical structure that makes the drug a potentially photoreactive molecule. In addition, the presence of a phenolic residue makes it easily susceptible to radioactive labeling. Through iodination, one radioactive derivative of pactamycin has been obtained with biological activities similar to the unmodified drug when tested on in vivo and cell-free systems. With the use of [125I]iodopactamycin, ribosomes of Escherichia coli have been photolabeled under conditions that preserve the activity of the particles and guarantee the specificity of the binding sites. Under these conditions, RNA is preferentially labeled when free, small ribosomal subunits are photolabeled, but proteins are the main target in the whole ribosome. This indicates that an important conformational change takes place in the binding site on association of the two subunits. The major labeled proteins are S2, S4, S18, S21, and L13. These proteins in the pactamycin binding site are probably related to the initiation step of protein synthesis. AUTejedor F; Amils R; Ballesta JP EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3667-72 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic; Escherichia Coli /ME; Pactamycin; Ribosomes MNEscherichia Coli /DE /GD; Iodine Radioisotopes; Pactamycin /PD; RNA, Ribosomal /IP /ME; Ribosomal Proteins /IP /ME MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000550 TIPurification and characterization of a non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced plasma protein from the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. ABA non-vitellogenin, estrogen-induced protein has been detected for the first time in the plasma of male Rana catesbeiana. A greater than 90% purification of this plasma protein was achieved by salt fractionation with Mg(II) followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE- and CM-cellulose. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis with various antisera showed no immunological cross-reactivity between this protein and vitellogenin. The molecular mass of the purified protein was determined to be 116 000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 105 000 daltons by analytical ultracentrifugation. Sedimentation studies indicate the protein is a nonaggregating spherical monomer with a sedimentation coefficient of 7.5 S. Amino acid analysis demonstrated a composition different from that of vitellogenin and lipovitellin A. Limited proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Bacillus subtilis protease revealed no common peptides on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Phosphate analysis indicated that, on a molar basis, the non-vitellogen, estrogen-induced protein had less than or equal to 3% of the phosphate found in vitellogenin. Further studies of the structure, function, and metabolism of this protein may reveal information relating to the hormonal control of vitellogenesis. AUMitchell RO; Dean WL; Hess PP; Feldhoff RC EM8601 IDGM 29434 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3672-7 MJBlood Proteins; Estradiol MNAmino Acid Sequence; Blood Proteins /IP; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoelectrophoresis; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments /AN; Rana Catesbeiana; Rana Pipiens; Species Specificity; Vitellogenin /IP; Xenopus MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (oligo(U+); 24937-83-5 (Poly A); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000551 TILocation of oligo(uridylic acid) sequences within messenger ribonucleic acid molecules of HeLa cells. ABA significant fraction of the polyadenylated mRNAs of HeLa cells contain an oligo(uridylic acid) [oligo(U)] sequence of 15-30 nucleotides. Several different experimental approaches were used to determine if these oligo(U)'s occupied similar sites within all mRNAs. In one approach, poly(adenylic acid)-containing mRNAs [poly(A+) mRNAs] averaging 2800 nucleotides in length were reduced to an average size of 500 nucleotides by controlled alkaline hydrolysis. Over 20% of the oligo(U)-containing fragments isolated from the hydrolysate retained a poly(A) sequence, showing that oligo(U)'s were not exclusively located near 5' ends of mRNA although 20% were apparently close to 3' ends. To confirm these observations, oligo(U)-containing mRNA [oligo(U+) mRNA] was exposed to the 3'-exonucleolytic activity of polynucleotide phosphorylase to produce fragments containing the 5' regions of mRNA. Each of a set of fragments of decreasing length generated by increased times of exposure of the mRNAs to the enzyme was found to have about the same oligo(U) content, including the shortest that averaged 550 nucleotides. These data not only eliminated an exclusive location for oligo(U) in either 3' or 5' ends of mRNA but also suggested that oligo(U)'s might be close to the 5' ends of some mRNAs. To verify this last observation, periodate-oxidized poly(A+) mRNA was labeled at the 5' caps and at 3'-adenosine residues by sodium [3H]borohydride reduction before it was nicked 3-5 times with alkali to produce 5' and 3' end-labeled pieces that could be separated with oligo(thymidylic acid)-cellulose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUKulkosky JW; Wood WM; Edmonds M EM8601 IDCA 18065; GM 32585 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3678-86 MJRNA, Messenger; Uracil Nucleotides MNBase Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Formaldehyde; Hela Cells /AN; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Poly A /AN MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (oligo(U+); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000552 TISequence content of oligo(uridylic acid)-containing messenger ribonucleic acid from HeLa cells. ABOligo(uridylic acid)-containing [oligo(U+)] RNA was isolated from poly(adenylic acid)-containing [poly(A+)] mRNA from HeLa cells by using either formaldehyde pretreatment or poly(A) removal, both of which resulted in increased accessibility of oligo(U)-rich sequences to a poly(A)-agarose affinity column. In this report, we compared the sequence content of oligo(U+) RNA with that of molecules lacking oligo(U) [oligo(U-) RNA] by their relative hybridization to cDNA reverse-transcribed from poly(A+) mRNA and by comparison of their in vitro translation products synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Formaldehyde-modified poly(A+) RNA, treated to remove the formol adjuncts, was inactive as a template for in vitro protein synthesis; consequently, only depolyadenylated RNA, which retains its translatability, could be used in the translation studies. The hybridization kinetic experiments revealed that oligo(U+) RNA contained most of the sequence information present in oligo(U-) RNA but at a reduced level (ca. 25%), the majority of the oligo(U+) RNA sequences being poorly represented in the cDNA. This result was supported by one- and two-dimensional gel analysis of their in vitro translation products which showed that oligo(U+) RNA, although less effective as a template for translation than oligo(U-) RNA, coded for proteins, the most abundant of which were encoded by rare messages not highly represented in oligo(U-) RNA or the total poly(A+) RNA. Although some minor products were synthesized by both oligo(U+) and oligo(U-) RNA, at least 33 proteins were unique to or highly enriched in the pattern of products directed by oligo(U+) RNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWood WM; Wallace JC; Edmonds M EM8601 IDCA 18065; GM 32585 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3686-93 MJRNA, Messenger /IP; Uracil Nucleotides /IP MNBase Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Formaldehyde; Hela Cells /AN; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; RNA, Messenger /GE; Rabbits; Reticulocytes /ME; Translation, Genetic; Uracil Nucleotides /GE MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); 10028-17-8 (Tritium) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000553 TIMechanism of the hepatic lipase induced accumulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by cells in culture. ABHepatic lipase can enhance the delivery of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to cells by a process which does not involve apoprotein catabolism. The incorporation of HDL-free (unesterified) cholesterol, phospholipid, and cholesteryl ester by cells has been compared to establish the mechanism of this delivery process. Human HDL was reconstituted with 3H-free cholesterol and [14C]sphingomyelin, treated with hepatic lipase in the presence of albumin to remove the products of lipolysis, reisolated, and then incubated with cultured rat hepatoma cells. Relative to control HDL, modification of HDL with hepatic lipase stimulated both the amount of HDL-free cholesterol taken up by the cell and the esterification of HDL-free cholesterol but did not affect the delivery of sphingomyelin. Experiments utilizing HDL reconstituted with 14C-free cholesterol and [3H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether suggest that hepatic lipase enhances the incorporation of HDL-esterified cholesterol. However, the amount of free cholesterol delivered as a result of treatment with hepatic lipase was 4-fold that of esterified cholesterol. On the basis of HDL composition, the cellular incorporation of free cholesterol was about 10 times that which would occur by the uptake and degradation of intact particles. The preferential incorporation of HDL-free cholesterol did not require the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine. To correlate the events observed at the cellular level with alterations in lipoprotein structure, high-resolution, proton-decoupled 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (90.55 MHz) was performed on HDL3 in which the cholesterol molecules were replaced with [4-13C]cholesterol by particle reconstitution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBamberger M; Lund-Katz S; Phillips MC; Rothblat GH EM8601 IDHL22633; HL07443; HL05948; + SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3693-701 MJLipase; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol; Liver MNCell Line; Cells, Cultured; Lipoproteins, HDL /BL /ME; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Radioisotope Dilution Technic; Rats; Tritium MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.23.- (Penicillium janthinellum carboxyl proteinase) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000554 TIStereochemical analysis of peptide bond hydrolysis catalyzed by the aspartic proteinase penicillopepsin. ABThe X-ray crystal structures of native penicillopepsin and of its complex with a synthetic analogue of the inhibitor pepstatin have been refined recently at 1.8-A resolution. These highly refined structures permit a detailed examination of peptide hydrolysis in the aspartic proteinases. Complexes of penicillopepsin with substrate and catalytic intermediates were modeled, by using computer graphics, with minimal perturbation of the observed inhibitor complex. A thallium ion binding experiment shows that the position of solvent molecule O39, between Asp-33(32) and Asp-213(215) in the native structure, is favorable for cations, a fact that places constraints on possible mechanisms. A mechanism for hydrolysis is proposed in which Asp-213(215) acts as an electrophile by protonating the carbonyl oxygen of the substrate, thereby polarizing the carbon-oxygen bond, a water molecule bound to Asp-33(32) (O284 in the native structure) attacks the carbonyl carbon as the nucleophile in a general-base mechanism, the newly pyramidal peptide nitrogen is protonated, either from the solvent after nitrogen inversion or by an internal proton transfer via Asp-213(215) from a hydroxyl of the tetrahedral carbon, and the tetrahedral intermediate breaks down in a manner consistent with the stereoelectronic hypothesis. The models permit the rationalization of observed subsite preferences for substrates and may be useful in predicting subsite preferences of other aspartic proteinases. AUJames MN; Sielecki AR EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3701-13 MJPeptide Peptidohydrolases MNAmino Acid Sequence; Models, Molecular; Peptide Fragments /ME; Protein Conformation; X-Ray Diffraction MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (gelsolin); 10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 67-42-5 (EGTA) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000555 TIInteractions of gelsolin and gelsolin-actin complexes with actin. Effects of calcium on actin nucleation, filament severing, and end blocking. ABGelsolin is a calcium binding protein that shortens actin filaments. This effect occurs in the presence but not in the absence of micromolar calcium ion concentrations and is partially reversed following removal of calcium ions. Once two actin molecules have bound to gelsolin in solutions containing Ca2+, one of the actins remains bound following chelation of calcium, so that the reversal of gelsolin's effect cannot be accounted for simply by its dissociation from the ends of the shortened filaments to allow for elongation. In this paper, the interactions with actin of the ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) stable 1:1 gelsolin-actin complexes are compared with those of free gelsolin. The abilities of free or complexed gelsolin to sever actin filaments, nucleate filament assembly, bind to the fast growing (+) filament ends, and lower the filament size distribution in the presence of either Ca2+ or EGTA were examined. The results show that both free gelsolin and gelsolin-actin complexes are highly dependent on Ca2+ concentration when present in a molar ratio to actin less than 1:50. The gelsolin-actin complexes, however, differ from free gelsolin in that they have a higher affinity for (+) filament ends in EGTA and they cannot sever filaments in calcium. The limited reversal of actin-gelsolin binding following removal of calcium and the calcium sensitivity of nucleation by complexes suggest an alternative to reannealing of shortened filaments that involves redistribution of actin monomers and may account for the calcium-sensitive functional reversibility of the solation of actin by gelsolin. AUJanmey PA; Chaponnier C; Lind SE; Zaner KS; Stossel TP; Yin HL EM8601 IDGM09523; HO01063; HL23591; + SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3714-23 MJActins; Calcium Chloride; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cytoskeleton; Macrophages; Microfilament Proteins; Microfilaments /UL; Muscles MNEGTA /PD; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Microfilaments /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000557 TIMotion of myosin cross-bridges in skeletal muscle fibers studied by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay. ABThe time-resolved fluorescence polarization anisotropy signal has been measured from fluorescent-labeled myosin cross-bridges in single glycerinated muscle fibers in the relaxed and rigor states. In one experimental configuration, the polarization of the excitation light and the fiber axis are aligned, and the anisotropy is sensitive to rotational motions of the probes about axes other than the fiber axis. The rotational correlation times are approximately 1000 ns for relaxed fibers and greater than 7000 ns for rigor fibers. In another experimental configuration, the excitation light polarization is perpendicular to the fiber axis, and its propagation vector has a component parallel to the fiber axis so that the anisotropy is sensitive to probe rotational motion about different axes, including the fiber axis. In this configuration, the rotational correlation times are approximately 300 ns for both relaxed and rigor fibers. The theory of rotational diffusion in a potential described in a related paper [Burghardt, T.P. (1985) Biophys. J. (in press)] is applied to the relaxed fiber data. AUBurghardt TP; Thompson NL EM8601 IDHL-16683 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3731-5 MJMuscles; Myosin MNKinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000558 TINucleotide sequence of the gene for human factor IX (antihemophilic factor B). ABTwo different human genomic DNA libraries were screened for the gene for blood coagulation factor IX by employing a cDNA for the human protein as a hybridization probe. Five overlapping lambda phages were identified that contained the gene for factor IX. The complete DNA sequence of about 38 kilobases for the gene and the adjacent 5' and 3' flanking regions was established by the dideoxy chain termination and chemical degradation methods. The gene contained about 33.5 kilobases of DNA, including seven introns and eight exons within the coding and 3' noncoding regions of the gene. The eight exons code for a prepro leader sequence and 415 amino acids that make up the mature protein circulating in plasma. The intervening sequences range in size from 188 to 9473 nucleotides and contain four Alu repetitive sequences, including one in intron A and three in intron F. A fifth Alu repetitive sequence was found immediately flanking the 3' end of the gene. A 50 base pair insert in intron A was found in a clone from one of the genomic libraries but was absent in clones from the other library. Intron A as well as the 3' noncoding region of the gene also contained alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences that provide potential left-handed helical DNA or Z-DNA structures for the gene. KpnI repetitive sequences were identified in intron D and the region flanking the 5' end of the gene. The 5' flanking region also contained a 1.9-kb HindIII subfamily repeat. The seven introns in the gene for factor IX were located in essentially the same position as the seven introns in the gene for human protein C, while the first three were found in positions identical with those in the gene for human prothrombin. AUYoshitake S; Schach BG; Foster DC; Davie EW; Kurachi K EM8601 IDHL 31511; HL 16919; HL 07147; + SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3736-50 MJFactor IX; Genes, Structural MNAmino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000560 TIStructure and polymorphism of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols. Three- and six-layered structures. ABTriacylglycerols, which usually contain at least one unsaturated fatty acid, are the most important forms of stored biological lipids in teleosts, mammals, and most plants. Since the physical properties of such mixed-chain triacylglycerols are poorly understood, a systematic study of such compounds has been initiated. Stereospecific 1,2-dioleoyl-3-acyl-sn-glycerols were synthesized with even carbon saturated fatty acyl chains of 14-24 carbons in length. Their polymorphic behavior was examined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The thermal behavior revealed from one to four major polymorphic transitions depending upon saturated chain length. Plots of enthalpy of fusion and entropy vs. carbon number for melting of the most stable polymorph were linear throughout the series with slopes of 1.0 kcal/mol per carbon atom and 2.6 cal/(mol K) per carbon atom, respectively. These slopes indicate that the saturated chains are packed in a well-ordered tightly packed lattice. When the compounds were rapidly cooled to 5 degrees C, X-ray powder diffraction revealed strong beta' (ca. 3.8 and 4.2 A) reflections and weak beta (ca. 4.6 A) reflections. The beta subcell reflections intensified when the compounds were heated to within 5 degrees C of the melting temperature of the highest melting polymorph. Evidence of an alpha phase was not seen on 30-min X-ray exposures for any of the compounds. In the proposed packing arrangement the saturated and unsaturated chains are segregated into layers. The stable form of all compounds exhibits a triple layer packing mode in which a bilayer of oleoyl chains is segregated from an interdigitated layer of saturated chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUFahey DA; Small DM; Kodali DR; Atkinson D; Redgrave TG EM8601 IDHL26335; HL07291 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3757-64 MJTriglycerides MNCalorimetry; Molecular Conformation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; X-Ray Diffraction MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); EC 3.2.1.30 (Acetylglucosaminidase); EC 3.2.1.96 (endo-beta-acetylglucosaminidase); 32181-59-2 (N-acetyllactosamine); 60106-89-0 (Dihydroalprenolol) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000561 TIThe oligosaccharide moiety of the beta 1-adrenergic receptor from turkey erythrocytes has a biantennary, N-acetyllactosamine-containing structure. ABThe turkey erythrocyte beta 1-adrenergic receptor can be purified by affinity chromatography on alprenolol-Sepharose and characterized by photoaffinity labeling with N-(p-azido-m-[125I]iodobenzyl)-carazolol. Through the use of the specific glycosidases neuraminidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and affinity chromatography on lectin-Sepharose gels, we show here that the receptor is an N-glycosyl protein that contains complex carbohydrate chains. No high-mannose carbohydrate chains appear to be present. The binding of the radiolabeled antagonist dihydroalprenolol to the receptor is affected neither by the enzymic treatments nor by the presence of lectins, suggesting that the carbohydrate moiety is not involved in the catecholamine binding site. AUCervantes-Olivier P; Durieu-Trautmann O; Delavier-Klutchko C; Strosberg AD EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3765-70 MJAmino Sugars; Erythrocyte Membrane; Oligosaccharides; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNAcetylglucosaminidase; Chromatography, Affinity; Dihydroalprenolol /BL; Lectins /PD; Neuraminidase; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /ME; Turkeys MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases); EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); 131-48-6 (N-acetylneuraminic acid); 79-06-1 (acrylamide) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000562 TIInteraction of carbohydrate and protein in thyroxine binding globulin. ABThe fluorescence properties of human thyroxine binding globulin were evaluated during enzymatic deglycosylation by using both neuraminidase and a mixture of glycosidases. Three fluorescent chromophores, one intrinsic and two extrinsic, were monitored, and all showed changes in fluorescent parameters that have been interpreted in terms of a loss of interactions between the carbohydrate and amino acid residues during deglycosylation. The loss of carbohydrates also results in a decrease in stability of the protein to both acid and guanidinium chloride inactivation. Since deglycosylation decreases the frictional ratio of thyroxine binding globulin, it is concluded that, although sialic acid and other sugar residues are in contact with the protein surface, the hydrated carbohydrate chains protrude partially into the solvent. AUGrimaldi S; Robbins J; Edelhoch H EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3771-6 MJThyroxine-Binding Protein /ME MNAcrylamides /PD; Carbohydrates /AN; Glycoside Hydrolases; Kinetics; Neuraminidase; Protein Binding; Sialic Acids /AN; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thyroxine-Binding Protein /IP MTHuman RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 34273-04-6 (Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7681-49-4 (Sodium Fluoride) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000563 TIPurification of the calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from bovine cerebral cortex. ABA calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase was purified 3000-fold from bovine cerebral cortex using DEAE-Sephacel, calmodulin-Sepharose, and two heptanediamine-Sepharose column steps. The purified enzyme activity was stimulated by calmodulin, forskolin, 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate, and NaF. The molecular weight of the protein component was estimated as 328 000 with a smaller form of Mr 153 000 obtained in the presence of Mn2+. The most highly purified preparations contained major polypeptides of 150 000, 47 000, and 35 000 daltons on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels. Photoaffinity labeling of the preparation with azido[125I]iodocalmodulin gave one product of 170 000 daltons on SDS gels. It is proposed that the catalytic subunit of the calmodulin-sensitive enzyme is 150 000 +/- 10 000 daltons and that the enzyme exists as a complex of one catalytic subunit and the stimulatory guanyl nucleotide regulatory complex. These data are consistent with the previous report that the catalytic subunit of this enzyme has a molecular weight of 150 000 +/- 10 000 [Andreasen, T.J., Heideman, W., Rosenberg, G.B., & Storm, D.R. (1983) Biochemistry 22,2757]. AUYeager RE; Heideman W; Rosenberg GB; Storm DR EM8601 IDNS 20498; HL 23606; GM-07270 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3776-83 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Calmodulin; Cerebral Cortex MNAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Cattle; Forskolin /PD; Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate /PD; Macromolecular Systems; Magnesium /PD; Manganese /PD; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation; Sodium Fluoride /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000564 TIEpidermal growth factor from the mouse. Physical evidence for a tiered beta-sheet domain: two-dimensional NMR correlated spectroscopy and nuclear Overhauser experiments on backbone amide protons. ABWhen H2O-exchanged, lyophilized mouse epidermal growth factor (mEGF) is dissolved in deuterium oxide at low pH (i.e., below approximately 6.0), 13 well-resolved, amide proton resonances are observed in the downfield region of an NMR spectrum (500 MHz). Under the conditions of these experiments, the lifetimes of these amide protons in exchange for deuterons of the deuterium oxide solvent suggest that these amide protons are hydrogen-bonded, backbone amide protons. Several of these amide proton resonances show splittings (i.e., JNH alpha-CH) of approximately 8-10 Hz, indicating that their associated amide protons are in some type of beta-structure. Selective nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments performed on all amide proton resonances strongly suggest that all 13 of these backbone amide protons are part of a single-tiered beta-sheet structural domain in mEGF. Correlation of 2D NMR correlated spectroscopy data, identifying scaler coupled protons, with NOE data, identifying protons close to the irradiated amide protons, allows tentative assignment of some resonances in the NOE difference spectra to specific amino acid residues. These data allow a partial structural model of the tiered beta-sheet domain in mEGF to be postulated. AUMayo KH EM8601 IDGM-34662 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3783-94 MJEpidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone MNAmino Acid Sequence; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /IP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Macromolecular Systems; Mice; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Conformation; Salivary Glands MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (8-azidoguanosine triphosphate); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate); 9009-81-8 (Rhodopsin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000566 TIUse of 8-azidoguanosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate as a probe of the guanosine 5'-triphosphate binding protein subunits in bovine rod outer segments. ABIn an in vitro incubation, 8-azidoguanosine 5'-[gamma-32P]triphosphate ( [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP) labeled bleached rhodopsin independent of ultraviolet light. Characterization of this labeling indicated that rhodopsin was phosphorylated with [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP as a phosphate donor. At low concentrations, ATP increased this labeling activity 5-fold. In the same incubation, [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP also labeled G alpha (Mr 40 000). This labeling was ultraviolet light dependent. G beta (Mr 35 000) was also labeled dependent for the most part upon ultraviolet light, but a smaller component of labeling appeared to result from phosphorylation. Differential labeling of G alpha and G beta was found to vary intricately with experimental conditions, especially prebleaching of rhodopsin, tonicity of the medium, and the presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Affinity labeling of G alpha and G beta by [gamma-32P]-8-azido-GTP in competition with ATP or GTP was kinetically complex, consistent with possible multiple binding sites for GTP on both subunits. Independent evidence for two or more binding sites on G alpha has been offered by other laboratories, and recently, at least one binding site on G beta and its analogues among the N proteins of adenylate cyclases has been identified. AUKohnken RE; Mc Connell DG EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3803-9 MJAzides; Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein /ME; Guanosine Triphosphate; Retinal Pigments; Rhodopsin; Rod Outer Segments; Rods and Cones MNAzides /RE; Binding Sites; Cattle; Guanine Nucleotide Regulatory Protein /IP; Guanosine Triphosphate /ME /RE; Kinetics; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Photolysis; Ultraviolet Rays MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN29836-26-8 (octyl-beta-D-glucoside); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000567 TIEffects of detergent on substrate binding and spin state of purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450LM2 from phenobarbital-treated rabbits. ABSpectral changes accompanying the binding of the nonionic detergent n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (n-octyl glucoside) to cytochrome P-450LM2 purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rabbits have been compared to changes in catalytic activity obtained in a reconstituted system consisting of various levels of detergent, P-450LM2, and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. In the absence of substrate and reductase, addition of n-octyl glucoside to 2-3 mM resulted in a difference spectrum (detergent-bound minus detergent-free cytochrome) characterized by a small maximum at 390 nm and a minimum at 410 nm, suggestive of a slight stabilization of the high-spin (S = 5/2) state of the cytochrome. As the detergent concentration was increased to 4-8 mM (corresponding to maximal activity and pentameric or hexameric P-450), a new peak appeared at 427 nm while the minimum remained at 410 nm. Between 10 and 30 mM n-octyl glucoside (conditions which produced catalytically inactive and monomeric P-450) the minimum in the difference spectrum shifted to 390 nm and the maximum to 425 nm, characteristic of a shift in spin equilibrium toward low-spin (S = 1/2) cytochrome. At low and high detergent concentrations, substrate [d-benzphetamine with n-octyl glucoside or cyclohexane with the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS)] was bound to P-450LM2 with formation of high-spin P-450, although the increase in high-spin cytochrome was less at high detergent levels than at low. The affinity of P-450 for substrate decreased by 2-3-fold at high detergent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWagner SL; Gray RD EM8601 IDGM25738 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3809-14 MJCytochrome P-450 /ME; Detergents; Glucosides; Glycosides; Microsomes, Liver /ME; Phenobarbital; Surface-Active Agents MNCytochrome P-450 /IP; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver /DE; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 0 (myosin subfragments); 107-21-1 (ethylene glycol); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7732-18-5 (Water); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0006-2960 LAEnglish JCA0G SBM UI86000568 TITransient kinetics of adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis by covalently cross-linked actomyosin complex in water and 40% ethylene glycol by the rapid flow quench method. ABThe initial steps of the ATPase of covalently cross-linked actomyosin subfragment 1 (acto-SF-1) were studied by the rapid flow quench method, and the results obtained were compared with those with reversible (i.e., non-cross-linked) acto-SF-1 and SF-1 under identical conditions. Cross-linked acto-SF-1 plus [gamma-32P]ATP reaction mixture milliseconds old was quenched either in a large excess of unlabeled ATP (ATP chase) or in acid (Pi burst). The conditions were pH 8 and 15 degrees C at 5 mM or 0.15 M KCl and with or without 40% ethylene glycol. In 40% ethylene glycol (5 mM KCl), as with SF-1 and reversible acto-SF-1, the ATP chase was used to titrate active sites and to study the kinetics of ATP binding. Unlike those with SF-1 or reversible acto-SF-1, saturation kinetics were not obtained. The second-order rate constant for ATP binding was 3.1 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for cross-linked acto-SF-1, 1.8 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for reversible acto-SF-1, and 2 X 10(6) M-1 s-1 for SF-1. In Pi burst experiments, a transient phase could not be discerned. Because of a high kcat, cross-linked acto-SF-1 was difficult to study in aqueous solution, but at 5 mM KCl, the ATP chase and Pi burst curves were similar to those obtained in 40% ethylene glycol. At 0.15 M KCl the ATP chase curve was difficult to interpret (small amplitude), and there was a small Pi burst.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBiosca JA; Travers F; Barman TE; Bertrand R; Audemard E; Kassab R EM8601 SOBiochemistry (United States), Jul 2 1985, 24(14) p3814-20 MJActomyosin; Adenosine Triphosphatase; Adenosine Triphosphate MNEthylene Glycols; Kinetics; Mathematics; Muscles /ME; Myosin /ME; Peptide Fragments /ME; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Time Factors; Water MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase); 0 (succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q reductase); 110-15-6 (succinic acid); 1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 14875-96-8 (Heme); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7704-04-3 (Ubiquinone Q2); 7704-34-9 (Sulfur); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000569 TIStudies on the succinate dehydrogenating system. Isolation and properties of the mitochondrial succinate-ubiquinone reductase. ABA simple procedure for preparation of highly purified soluble succinate-ubiquinone reductase from bovine heart mitochondrial particles is described. The enzyme exhibits four major bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and contains (nmol per mg protein): covalently bound flavin, 6; non-heme iron, 53; acid-labile sulfur, 50; cytochrome b-560 heme, 1.2. The enzyme catalyzes thenoyltrifluoroacetone, or carboxin-sensitive (pure non-competitive with Q2) reduction of Q2 by succinate with a turnover number close to that in parent submitochondrial particles. The succinate reduced enzyme exhibits ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur center EPR-signal (g = 1.94 species) and a semiquinone signal (g = 2.00). An oxidized preparation shows a symmetric signal centered around g = 2.01. An unusual dissociation of the enzyme in the absence of a detergent is described. When added to the assay mixture from a concentrated protein-detergent solution, the enzyme does not reduce Q2 being highly reactive towards ferricyanide ('low Km ferricyanide reactive site'; Vinogradov, A.D., Gavrikova, E.V. and Goloveshkina, V.G. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 65, 1264-1269). The ubiquinone reductase, not the ferricyanide reductase was observed when the enzyme was added to the assay mixture from the diluted protein-detergent solutions. Thus the dissociation of succinate dehydrogenase from the complex occurs in the absence of a detergent dependent on the concentration of the protein-detergent complex in the stock preparation where the samples for the assay are taken from. An active antimycin-sensitive succinate-cytochrome c reductase was reconstituted by admixing of the soluble succinate-ubiquinone reductase and the cytochrome b-c1 complex, i.e., from the complexes which both contain the ubiquinone reactivity conferring protein (QPs). Cytochrome c reductase was also reconstituted from the succinate-ubiquinone reductase and succinate-cytochrome c reductase containing inactivated succinate dehydrogenase. The reconstitution experiments suggest that there exists a specific protein-protein (or lipid) interaction between QPs and a certain component(s) of the b-c1 complex. AUTushurashvili PR; Gavrikova EV; Ledenev AN; Vinogradov AD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p145-59 MJMitochondria, Heart; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Oxidoreductases /ME; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME MNBinding Sites; Cattle; Electron Spin Resonance; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Flavins /AN; Heme /AN; Iron /AN; Kinetics; Multienzyme Complexes /IP; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases /IP; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Spectrophotometry; Substrate Specificity; Succinate Dehydrogenase /IP; Succinates /ME; Sulfur /AN; Ubiquinone /AN /ME MTAnimal RN1307-52-4 (Ruthenium Red); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000570 TIBa2+ ions inhibit the release of Ca2+ ions from rat liver mitochondria. ABThe release of Ca2+ from respiring rat liver mitochondria following the addition of either ruthenium red or an uncoupler was measured by a Ca2+-selective electrode or by 45Ca2+ technique. Ba2+ ions are asymmetric inhibitors of both Ca2+ release processes. Ba2+ ions in a concentration of 75 microM inhibited the ruthenium red and the uncoupler induced Ca2+ release by 80% and 50%, respectively. For the inhibition, it was necessary that Ba2+ ions entered the matrix space: Ba2+ ions did not cause any inhibition of Ca2+ release if addition of either ruthenium red or the uncoupler preceded that of Ba2+. The time required for the development of the inhibition of the Ca2+ release and the time course of 140Ba2+ uptake ran in parallel. Ba2+ accumulation is mediated through the Ca2+ uniporter as 140Ba2+ uptake was competitively inhibited by extramitochondrial Ca2+ and prevented by ruthenium red. Due to the inhibition of the ruthenium red insensitive Ca2+ release, Ba2+ shifted the steady-state extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration to a lower value. Ba2+ is potentially a useful tool to study mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. AULukacs GL ; Fonyo A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p160-6 MJBarium /PD; Calcium; Mitochondria, Liver /PH MNBarium /ME; Biological Transport; Intracellular Membranes /PH; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Rats; Ruthenium Red /PD; Uncoupling Agents /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.10.2.2 (ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase); EC 1.6.99. (Quinone Reductases); EC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases); 1339-63-5 (Ubiquinone); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 69279-91-0 (asolectin); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000571 TIStudies of protein-phospholipid interaction in isolated mitochondrial ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase. ABThe interaction between phospholipids, ubiquinone and highly purified ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The enzyme complex and its delipidated forms undergo thermodenaturation at 337.3 and 322.7 K, respectively. The reduced reductase is more stable toward thermodenaturation than is the oxidized enzyme. While phospholipids restored enzymatic activity to the delipidated enzyme complex and stabilized the enzyme toward thermodenaturation, ubiquinone showed little effect on the thermostability of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase. The effect of phospholipids on the thermotropic properties of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase is dependent upon the molecular properties of the phospholipid. When ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase was embedded in closed asolectin vesicles, an exothermic transition peak was observed upon thermodenaturation. When the asolectin concentration in the reconstituted preparation was less than 0.3 mg/mg protein, an amorphous structure was observed in the electron micrograph and the preparation showed an endothermic transition upon thermodenaturation. The thermotropic properties of the enzyme-phospholipid vesicles were affected by the phospholipid head groups as well as the fatty-acyl chains, with those phospholipids having the most highly unsaturated fatty-acyl chains having the greatest effect. The energy for the exothermic transition may be derived from the collapse, upon thermodenaturation, of a strained interaction between the unsaturated fatty-acyl groups of phospholipids and protein molecules resulting from vesicle formation. The exothermic transition of the enzyme-phospholipid vesicle was abolished when cholesterol was included in the vesicles and when reductase was treated with a proteolytic enzyme prior to incorporation into the phospholipid vesicles. AUGwak SH; Yu L; Yu CA EM8601 IDGM 30721 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p187-98 MJMitochondria, Heart; Multienzyme Complexes; Phospholipids; Quinone Reductases; Ubiquinone MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cattle; Chemistry; Cholesterol /PD; Cytochrome C /ME; Electron Transport; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated /PD; Freeze Fracturing; Heat; Liposomes; Microscopy, Electron; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Peptide Hydrolases /ME; Phosphatidylcholines /PD; Phospholipids /PD; Protein Denaturation; Quinone Reductases /ME; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; Ubiquinone /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.10.2.2 (ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase); EC 1.6.99. (Quinone Reductases); 0 (reaction-center protein, plant); 11130-51-1 (cytochrome b561); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C); 9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9035-42-1 (Cytochrome C-1); 9035-43-2 (cytochrome c2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000572 TIKinetics of the c-cytochromes in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides as a function of the concentration of cytochrome c2. Influence of this concentration on the oscillation of the secondary acceptor of the reaction centers QB. ABThe oxidation kinetics of Cyt c1 and c2 have been measured in normal chromatophores and in chromatophores fused with liposomes in order to increase the internal volume. The kinetics of Cyt c1 oxidation were found to be dependent on Cyt c2 concentration. The initial rate of Cyt c1 oxidation decreased after fusion by a factor of about two, indicating a process dependent on diffusion. The results do not allow a clear distinction between a diffusion of Cyt c2 along the inner membrane surface or through the inner volume of the vesicle; two- and three-dimensional models are discussed. In contrast to Cyt c1, the kinetics of oxidation of Cyt c2 were not influenced by changes in concentration. It is concluded that reduced Cyt c2 is preferentially bound to the reaction centers. A binary pattern as a function of flash number from the dark-adapted state was measured in the turn-over of the two-electron gate of the reaction center. In chromatophores with more than 0.5 cytochrome c2 molecules per reaction center, this binary pattern titrated out with a midpoint around 340 mV on reduction of the suspension. In experiments with chromatophores with a low Cyt c2 content, or with spheroplast-derived vesicles which had lost Cyt c2, the binary oscillation in the two-electron gate could be observed at much lower potentials. The results suggest that the binding of reduced cytochrome c2 modifies the behavior of the two-electron gate. A model in which reaction center dimers are stabilized by Cyt c2 is proposed to explain the effect. AUSnozzi M; Crofts AR EM8601 ID5 R01 GM26305 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 19 1985, 809(2) p260-70 MJChlorophyll; Chromatophores; Cytochrome C; Plant Proteins; Rhodopseudomonas Spheroides MNCytochrome C-1 /ME; Cytochrome C /PD; Cytochrome b /ME; Electron Transport; Kinetics; Liposomes; Multienzyme Complexes /ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Quinone Reductases /ME; Spectrophotometry; Spheroplasts /ME MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000573 TIStudies on the effects of copper deficiency on rat liver mitochondria. I. Changes in mitochondrial composition. ABAs part of an investigation of the lesions of copper (Cu) deficiency a study was undertaken of the copper, iron, cytochrome and fatty acid composition of liver mitochondria from Cu deficient and Cu-adequate control rats. Cu concentrations were significantly decreased in whole liver, liver mitochondria and in blood plasma. Total iron was significantly increased in whole liver but remained at the normal level in mitochondria. Cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) and its component cytochromes a and a3 were significantly reduced in liver mitochondria from Cu-deficient rats, whereas there was no effect on the concentration of cytochromes b, c1 and c. Evidence from comparisons between cytochrome c oxidase activity and the amount of enzyme present, as assessed from the mitochondrial cytochrome a and a3 content, suggests that in addition to an absolute loss of enzyme, Cu-deficiency adversely affects the efficiency of the residual enzyme. Severe Cu deficiency had no effect on 'ageing' or 'swelling' properties of liver mitochondria, indicating no marked effects on fatty acid composition. Fatty acid analyses demonstrated a slight but significant increase in docosapentenoic acid (22:5) of Cu-deficient mitochondria, but since this represents a minor component there was no change observed in the 'unsaturation index'. It was concluded that, in contrast to previous reports, Cu deficiency of the severity reported did not have a deleterious effect on the integrity and permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane as exemplified by any qualitative modification of fatty acid constitution per se. AULawrence CB; Davies NT; Mills CF; Nicol F EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 9 1985, 809(3) p351-61 MJCopper /DF; Mitochondria, Liver /ME MNBody Weight; Copper /BL /ME; Cytochrome Oxidase /ME; Cytochromes /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Flavins /ME; Hemoglobins /ME; Iron /BL /ME; Mitochondria, Liver /EN; Mitochondrial Swelling; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.- (Succinate Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase); EC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase); EC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 110-15-6 (succinic acid); 300-85-6 (3-hydroxybutyric acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 6915-15-7 (malic acid); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000574 TIStudies on the effects of copper deficiency on rat liver mitochondria. II. Effects on oxidative phosphorylation. ABEffects of dietary copper deficiency in rats on respiratory enzymes of isolated rat liver mitochondria have been studied. After 2 weeks of Cu-depletion, cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity had declined by 42% and between 4 and 8 weeks exhibited between 20 and 25% of the activity of control mitochondria. Activities of NADH cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.6.99.3) and succinate cytochrome c reductase (EC 1.3.99.1), were unaffected initially but declined by 32 and 46%, respectively, after 8 weeks of Cu-depletion. After 4 weeks there was a significant (34%) decline in succinate supported state 3 respiration with only a modest (18%) decline in state 4 respiration. The ADP:O ratio was unaffected by Cu-depletion after 6 and 8 weeks of dietary Cu-restriction. State 3 respiration was significantly reduced after 6 weeks when glutamate/malate or beta-hydroxybutyrate were used as substrates, whereas state 4 respiration and ADP:O ratios were unaffected. The fall in state 3 respiration was of sufficient magnitude at 8 weeks to cause a significant decline in the respiratory control ratio with all substrates. Comparisons between the relative activities of cytochrome c oxidase and reductase activities in Cu-deficient preparations, the relatively specific effect of the deficiency on state 3 respiration with all substrates tested and the ability to increase significantly oxygen consumption in excess of maximal state 3 respiration by the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol suggest that the defect in Cu-deficient mitochondria cannot be attributed solely to the decreased activity of cytochrome c oxidase. AUDavies NT; Lawrence CB; Mills CF EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 9 1985, 809(3) p362-8 MJCopper; Mitochondria, Liver /ME; Oxidative Phosphorylation MNCytochrome Oxidase /ME; Glutamates /ME; Hydroxybutyrates /ME; Malates /ME; Mitochondria, Liver /EN; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Succinate Cytochrome C Oxidoreductase /ME; Succinates /ME MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase); EC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000575 TIMonoclonal antibodies to cytochrome c from Paracoccus denitrificans: effects on electron transport reactions. ABThe effect of a monoclonal antibody to a soluble cytochrome c from Paracoccus denitrificans was tested on the membrane-bound electron-transport system of this bacterium. This antibody (F3-10.2) and one previously described (F3-29.4) (Kuo, L.M., Davies, H.C. and Smith, L. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766, 472-482) were deduced to bind to the cytochrome c in the area including amino acid residue number 23 on a loop on the side of the heme crevice. In contrast to the observations with the previously tested antibody, the present data show the second antibody to block completely the reaction of the cytochrome c with cytochrome c oxidase but not that with cytochrome c reductase. Neither antibody has an appreciable inhibitory effect on the NADH oxidase of the isolated detergent-treated membranes. The two antibodies bind in different ways, giving insight into the interaction of a soluble protein with membrane-bound enzymes. The data indicate that the reaction sites on the cytochrome c for the oxidase and reductase moieties of P. denitrificans are different. They also argue against the need for a dissociable cytochrome c comparable to that which functions on the mitochondrial inner membrane. AUKuo LM; Davies HC; Smith L EM8601 IDHL28272 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 9 1985, 809(3) p388-95 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cytochrome C; Paracoccus denitrificans MNBinding Sites, Antibody; Cytochrome C /ME; Cytochrome Oxidase /ME; Electron Transport; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; Polarography; Solubility; Spectrophotometry MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9035-40-9 (cytochrome b6); 9035-46-5 (cytochrome f) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000576 TICharacterization of a photosynthetic mutant of Lemna lacking the cytochrome b6-f complex. ABA photosynthetic mutant of Lemna perpusilla (no. 1073) has been examined by spectrophotometric and immunoblotting techniques in order to localize the site of defect. In contrast to previous conclusions (Shahak, Y., Posner, H.B. and Avron, M. (1976) Plant Physiol. 57, 577-679), neither cytochrome f nor cytochrome b6 could be detected spectrophotometrically in the mutant. Furthermore, immunoblotting using antibodies specific for each of the four constituent subunits of the cytochrome b6-f complex demonstrate that the entire complex is absent in the mutant. The light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex of Photosystem II is present in similar amounts in wild-type and mutant Lemna. However, the total amount of plastoquinone-9 is reduced by approx. 65% in the mutant strain, while the photoreducible plastoquinone-9 pool is comparable in wild-type and mutant Lemna. AULam E; Malkin R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 29 1985, 810(1) p106-9 MJCytochrome b /ME; Photosynthesis MNAntibodies /IM; Cytochrome b /IM; Cytochromes /ME; Immunologic Technics; Mutation; Plants /GE /ME; Spectrophotometry MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN128-37-0 (Butylated Hydroxytoluene); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 56305-04-5 (trolox C); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 70-51-9 (Deferoxamine); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 88088-23-7 (ferric gluconate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000577 TIThe effect of ferric iron complex on isolated rat liver mitochondria. I. Respiratory and electrochemical responses. ABAddition of iron(III)-gluconate complex to isolated rat liver mitochondria resulted in an increased iron content of mitochondria. Iron was accumulated through a relatively fast process (maximal uptake in less than 2 min incubation) by an energy-independent mechanism. The in vitro iron overload of mitochondria was associated with enhancement in the oxygen consumption, which was due to the induction of lipoperoxidative processes catalyzed by iron. It was found that a concentration of iron as low as 0.1 mM elicits a consistent production of malondialdehyde in mitochondria. Concomitant with the induction of lipoperoxidation a progressive fall in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. The occurrence of energy-consuming processes as a consequence of iron addition, and particularly the enhancement of endogenous Ca2+ cycling across the membrane, was suggested as the cause of the membrane potential drop. AUMasini A; Trenti T; Ceccarelli-Stanzani D; Ventura E EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 29 1985, 810(1) p20-6 MJFerric Compounds; Iron /PD; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Oxygen Consumption MNButylated Hydroxytoluene /PD; Chromans /PD; Deferoxamine /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; EDTA /PD; Electrochemistry; Energy Metabolism /DE; Iron /AN; Malondialdehyde /AN; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /AN; Oligomycins /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN110-15-6 (succinic acid); 56305-04-5 (trolox C); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 70-51-9 (Deferoxamine); 7439-89-6 (Iron); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 88088-23-7 (ferric gluconate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000578 TIThe effect of ferric iron complex on isolated rat liver mitochondria. II. Ion movements. ABIt has been found that addition of iron(III)-gluconate complex to rat liver mitochondria disturbed the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Indirect evidence when the changes in the membrane potential during the transport of Ca2+ were followed, as well as direct evidence, when the fluxes of Ca2+ were monitored by a Ca2+-selective electrode, indicated that this iron complex induced an efflux of Ca2+ from liver mitochondria. The mechanisms by which iron induced Ca2+ release appeared to be linked to the induction of lipoperoxidation of mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial membrane, however, did not become irreversibly damaged under these conditions, as indicated by its complete repolarization. It was also shown that the induction by iron of lipoperoxidation brought about an efflux of K+ from mitochondria. AUMasini A; Trenti T; Ceccarelli-Stanzani D; Ventura E EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 29 1985, 810(1) p27-32 MJCalcium /ME; Ferric Compounds; Iron; Mitochondria, Liver /DE; Potassium /ME MNCalcium /AN; Chromans /PD; Deferoxamine /PD; EDTA /PD; Magnesium /ME; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mitochondria, Liver /AN /ME; Oligomycins /PD; Potassium /AN; Rats; Succinates /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.1.3.9 (Glucosephosphatase); EC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 2001-95-8 (Valinomycin); 27816-59-7 (SITS); 53005-05-3 (DIDS); 555-60-2 (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000581 TIThe mechanism of calcium uptake by liver microsomes: effect of anions and ionophores. ABThe mechanism of calcium uptake by liver microsomes was investigated using various anions and ionophores. Calcium uptake was shown to be specific to microsomes and unlikely to be due to contamination by plasma membranes by correlation of calcium uptake to the marker enzymes specific for these two fractions. Under the conditions employed, phosphates, sulfate, chloride, acetate, nitrate, thiocyanate, maleate, succinate and oxalate all stimulated calcium uptake by microsomes, but to different degrees. The greatest effect (4-6-fold) was observed with phosphate. On the contrary, phosphate is the only anion that stimulates the plasma membrane calcium uptake to any significant degree. Treatment of isolated microsomes with 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene (DIDS) resulted in inhibition of ATP- and anion-dependent calcium uptake. A lipid-permeable organic acid such as maleate retained its ability to promote calcium uptake in DIDS-treated microsomes. However, a lipophilic anion, such as nitrate, stimulated calcium uptake only in the presence of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). In addition, 2 microM valinomycin, when added in the absence or presence of 10 to 100 mM K+, had no stimulatory effect on calcium uptake. These results appear to be consistent with a model in which the active uptake of calcium into microsomes involves electroneutral Ca2+-nH+ exchange. AUChan KM; Koepnick SL EM8601 IDP60AM20579; AM33629-01 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p291-8 MJCalcium; Ionophores; Microsomes, Liver MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /ME; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /PD; Glucosephosphatase /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Nucleotidases /ME; Phosphates /PD; Potassium /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; SITS /AA /PD; Time Factors; Valinomycin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN27816-59-7 (SITS); 53005-05-3 (DIDS); 7365-45-9 (HEPES) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000583 TIAged human erythrocytes exhibit increased anion exchange. ABYoung and old erythrocytes show different rate constants of anion exchange as measured by 35SO4(2-) efflux at 37 degrees C. Results indicate that the rate constant for 35SO4(2-) efflux (SO2-4-Cl- exchange) from old cells is approximately 20% greater than from young less dense cells. The cell water volume of older cells is also decreased. Based on these results and previously reported decreases of cell membrane area in aged cells we conclude that anion exchange (35SO4(2-)) is increased in older, more dense human erythrocytes. AUZanner MA; Galey WR EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p310-5 MJChlorides; Erythrocyte Aging; Sulfates MNAdult; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Body Water /ME; HEPES; Mathematics; SITS /AA /PD MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (nucleoside transporter); 118-00-3 (Guanosine); 13153-27-0 (6-(4-nitrobenzylthio); 3483-12-3 (Dithiothreitol); 38048-32-7 (4-nitrobenzylthioinosine); 554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 574-25-4 (Thioinosine); 58-96-8 (Uridine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000584 TIEvidence for the asymmetrical binding of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonate to the human erythrocyte nucleoside transporter. ABNucleosides cross the human erythrocyte membrane by a facilitated-diffusion process which is selectively inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR). The chemical asymmetry of the transporter was investigated by studying the effects of p-chloromercuriphenyl sulphonate (PCMBS) on uridine transport and high-affinity NBMPR binding in inside-out and right-side-out membrane vesicles, unsealed erythrocyte ghosts and intact cells. PCMBS was an effective inhibitor of the transporter (50% inhibition at 30 microM), but only when the organomercurial had access to the cytoplasmic membrane surface. PCMBS inhibition of NBMPR binding to ghosts was reversed by incubation with dithiothreitol. Both uridine and NBMPR were able to protect the transporter against PCMBS inhibition. AUTse CM; Wu JS; Young JD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p316-24 MJBlood Proteins; Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate; Membrane Proteins; Phenylmercury Compounds MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Dithiothreitol /PD; Erythrocyte Membrane /DE /ME; Guanosine /AA /ME; Structure-Activity Relationship; Thioinosine /AA /ME; Thionucleosides /ME; Uridine /ME MTHuman RN1074-12-0 (Phenylglyoxal); 7004-12-8 (Arginine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000585 TIAnion transport in red blood cells and arginine-specific reagents. Interaction between the substrate-binding site and the binding site of arginine-specific reagents. ABPhenylglyoxal is found to be a potent inhibitor of sulfate equilibrium exchange across the red blood cell membrane at both pH 7.4 and 8.0. The inactivation exhibits pseudo-first-order kinetics with a reaction order close to one at both pH 7.4 and 8. The rate constant of inactivation at 37 degrees C was found to be 0.12 min-1 at pH 7.4 and 0.19 min-1 at pH 8.0. Saturation kinetics are observed if the pseudo-first order rate constant of inhibition is measured as a function of phenylglyoxal concentration. Sulfate ions as well as chloride ions markedly decrease the rate of inactivation by phenylglyoxal at pH 7.4, suggesting that the modification occurs at or near to the binding site for chloride and sulfate. The decrease of the rate of inactivation produced at pH 8.0 by chloride ions is much higher than that produced by sulfate ions. Kinetic analysis of the protection experiments showed that the loaded transport site is unable to react with phenylglyoxal. From the data it is concluded that the modified amino acid(s) residues, presumably arginine, is (are) important for the binding of the substrate anion. AUZaki L; Julien T EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p325-32 MJAldehydes; Anions; Arginine; Erythrocyte Membrane; Phenylglyoxal MNBinding Sites; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Sulfates /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1344-28-1 (Aluminum Oxide); 147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 37199-22-7 (dowex); 57-22-7 (Vincristine); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9014-76-0 (sephadex); 9060-05-3 (Amberlite XAD-2 resin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000586 TIThe interaction of cytostatic drugs with adsorbents in aqueous media. The potential implications for liposome preparation. ABA new method that involves the use of the cation exchange resin Dowex 50W-X4 to remove non-encapsulated drugs from liposome dispersions was investigated. Cytostatic drugs widely varying in their molecular structure can be removed from aqueous solutions by Dowex 50W-X4. The applicability of the resin to separate free from liposome-bound drugs was illustrated for a number of cytostatic drugs (cisplatin, doxorubicin, vincristine). The technique presented allows for a rapid, efficient and convenient procedure for the free drug removal from liposome dispersions without dilution of the liposomal preparation. Studies with liposome-encapsulated drugs will be facilitated by the use of this method, since it avoids many of the problems introduced by conventional methods as dialysis, gel filtration and centrifugation/washing. To elucidate the interaction mechanism of doxorubicin with Dowex 50W-X4, alternative adsorbents were studied for their doxorubicin binding properties. In the adsorption process of doxorubicin onto Dowex 50W-X4 both electrostatic (ion exchange) and hydrophobic effects play a role. The results indicate that hydrophobic contributions to the interaction are responsible for the high resistance offered by the binding forces against desorption of adsorbed doxorubicin. For other adsorbents the interactions are either mainly of an electrostatic or a hydrophobic nature. AUStorm G; van Bloois L; Brouwer M; Crommelin DJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p343-51 MJAnion Exchange Resins; Antineoplastic Agents; Ion Exchange Resins; Liposomes MNAdsorption; Aluminum Oxide; Cisplatin /AD; Cytarabine /AD; Dextrans; Doxorubicin /AD; Methotrexate /AD; Polystyrenes; Silica; Temperature; Vincristine /AD MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (phosphatidylcholesterol); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 61361-72-6 (dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000587 TIX-ray diffraction demonstrates that phosphatidyldiacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholesterol are not lamellar above the main transition temperature. ABX-ray diffraction was used to investigate the lattice structure of aqueous dispersions of two phosphatidyldiacylglycerols and of a phosphatidylcholesterol above and below the chain melting transition temperature. Previously, Noggle et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1982) 691, 240-248) had investigated these lipids and had concluded on the basis of electron microscopy that the lipids were in a lamellar state above the transition temperature. However, they found the 31P-NMR signals were not characteristic of lamellar phases. It was, therefore, concluded that these lipids were yielding unexpected 31P-NMR spectra. The present X-ray results demonstrate that, in fact, the lipids are not in a lamellar state above the transition temperature and that the 31P-NMR and X-ray data are not necessarily in disagreement. Characteristics of the phases both above and below the chain melt temperature are discussed. AUGruner SM; Jain MK EM8601 IDGM32614; GM29703 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p352-5 MJCholesterol; Phosphatidic Acids; Phosphatidylglycerols MNLipid Bilayers; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Temperature; X-Ray Diffraction MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); 0 (lysophospholipids); 0 (tert-butyloxycarbonyl-leucyl-alanyl-leucyl-alanyl-leucyl-tryptophan); 502-53-4 (1-hexylglycerol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000588 TISolute-induced acceleration of transbilayer movement and its implications on models of blood-brain barrier. ABHexylglycerol accelerates the transbilayer (flip-flop) movement of phospholipids, lysophospholipids and peptides. For example, lysophosphatidylcholine added to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles activates the action of pig pancreatic phospholipase A2 (Jain and DeHaas (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 736, 157-162) This activating effect is dissipated slowly after mixing, and no activation is observed when the lysophospholipid molecules are equally distributed on both sides of the bilayer. The half time for transbilayer movement of lysophosphatidylcholine is about 7 h, and it is accelerated over 100-fold in the presence of n-hexylglycerol, as well as by a variety of other amphipathic solutes including n-alkanols, ketamine, and flufenamic acid. Hexylglycerol also accelerates the rate of transbilayer movement of an amphipathic hexapeptide bocLALALW, as well as of the phosphatidylcholine molecules in erythrocyte membrane. These effects are observed without any change in the gross bilayer organization as judged by 31P-NMR. Biophysical significance of such solute induced acceleration of transbilayer movement of amphipathic solutes is discussed to account for the effect of alkylglycerols on blood brain barrier. AUJain MK; Jahagirdar DV; Van Linde M; Roelofsen B; Eibl H EM8601 IDGM29703 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p356-64 MJBlood-Brain Barrier; Lipid Bilayers MNCattle; Erythrocytes /ME; Glycerides /PD; Lysophosphatidylcholines /ME; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Oligopeptides /ME; Peptides /ME; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Phospholipases A /ME; Phospholipids /ME; Rats; Solutions; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (lissamine-rhodamine-phosphatidylethanolamine); 64205-19-2 (N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl); 7440-48-4 (Cobalt) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000589 TIThe use of cobalt ions as a collisional quencher to probe surface charge and stability of fluorescently labeled bilayer vesicles. ABCo2+ quenched the fluorescence of the lipid probes NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE) and lissamine-rhodamine phosphatidylethanolamine (N-Rh-PE) incorporated into lipid vesicles, according to a collisional quenching mechanism in agreement with the Stern-Vollmer law. The quenching coefficient (Q) for NBD-PE, incorporated into uncharged phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles was 13.8 M-1. This value was equal to the quenching coefficient of water-soluble NBD-taurine in aqueous solution, indicating that Co2+ was readily accessible to the outer surface of PC vesicles. In phosphatidylserine-phosphatidylethanolamine (PS-PE) (1:1) vesicles, quenching was also proportional to Co2+ concentration but Q was 114 mM-1, some 8000-fold smaller. Using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model we demonstrated that the surface density of Co2+ bound to lipid was linear with Co2+ concentration in the medium up to 7%. Co2+-associated phospholipid would in turn quench NBD-PE or N-Rh-PE by collisional quenching with lateral diffusion. We investigated the ability of Co2+ to permeate PS-PE (1:1) vesicles. Co2+ quenched fluorophores on the outer surface of large unilamellar vesicles, formed by reverse-phase evaporation. In small unilamellar vesicles Co2+ quenched probes on both outer and inner surfaces, indicating rapid permeation of the ions into the vesicles. Using stopped-flow rapid mixing, we measured the rate of influx of Co2+, and correcting for surface potential using the Gouy-Chapman-Stern model, we calculated a permeability coefficient of 10(-12) cm/s for Co2+ concentrations below 300 microM. Above this concentration, there was a very steep rise in the permeability coefficient, indicating that binding of Co2+ induces defects in the bilayer of these vesicles. This may be related to the ability of the vesicles to undergo membrane fusion. A method for calculating the membrane surface potential from Co2+ quenching data is presented. AUMorris SJ; Bradley D; Blumenthal R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p365-72 MJCobalt; Fluorescent Dyes; Lipid Bilayers MNKinetics; Mathematics; Permeability; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rhodamines; Surface Properties RN10103-46-5 (calcium phosphate); 1476-84-2 (magnesium ATP); 25454-23-3 (Calcium Oxalate); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000590 TICalcium oxalate and calcium phosphate capacities of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. ABBoth oxalate-supported and phosphate-supported calcium uptake by canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum initially increase linearly with time but fall to a steady-state level within 20 min. The departure from linearity could be due to a decrease in influx or to an increase in efflux of calcium. Because Ca2+-ATPase activity is linear, a decrease in the influx of calcium is an unlikely cause of the non-linear calcium uptake curves. A possible cause of an increase in calcium efflux is rupture of the vesicles. This hypothesis was tested by investigating the amount of calcium which could be released upon addition of 5 mM EGTA. The amount of rapidly releasable calcium was zero until a threshold calcium uptake of about 4-6 mumol calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate per mg was reached. After that point the rapidly releasable calcium continued to increase with calcium oxalate to reach more than 23 mumol/mg, but stayed constant at about 0.7 mumol/mg for calcium phosphate. The rapidly releasable calcium was attributed to calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate crystals externalized by vesicle rupture. The differences in the amounts of rapidly releasable calcium were attributed to different kinetics of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate dissolution. Addition of ryanodine caused a marked increase in the threshold for rapidly releasable calcium oxalate. Transmission electron micrographs showed that vesicles can become filled with calcium oxalate crystals, but the vesicles were heterogeneous with respect to their size and their sensitivity to ryanodine. These observations support the hypothesis that calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate capacities are limited by vesicle rupture and that ryanodine increases the capacity by closing a calcium channel in a subpopulation of vesicles that otherwise would not accumulate calcium. AUFeher JJ; Lipford GB EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p373-85 MJCalcium Oxalate; Calcium Phosphates; Myocardium; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNAdenosine Triphosphate /PD; Crystallization; Dogs; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000591 TIEffects of long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids and their alcohol analogs on aggregation of bovine platelets and their relation with membrane fluidity change. ABThe effects of long-chain cis-unsaturated fatty acids with different alkyl chain lengths and different numbers of double bonds on aggregation of bovine platelets and membrane fluidity were investigated. All the cis-unsaturated fatty acids tested inhibited aggregation and at the same time increased membrane fluidity in accordance with their inhibitory effects. The saturated fatty acids and trans-unsaturated fatty acid tested for comparison had much lower or no effects on aggregation and membrane fluidity. The inhibitory effects of mono cis-unsaturated fatty acids increased with increase of their alkyl chain length. cis-Unsaturated fatty acids with two or more double bonds had more inhibitory effects than mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The position of the double bonds had less influence than the number of double bonds. We also examined the effects of cis-unsaturated fatty acids on membrane fluidity with diphenylhexatriene and anthroyloxy derivatives of fatty acids as probes and observed increased fluidity to be considerable in the membrane. The alcohol analogs of cis-unsaturated fatty acids also inhibited aggregation and increased membrane perturbation. These results suggest that the inhibition of platelet aggregation by cis-unsaturated compounds is due to perturbation of the lipid layer. AUKitagawa S; Endo J; Kametani F EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p391-7 MJFatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Alcohols; Membrane Fluidity; Platelet Aggregation MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Cattle; Fluorescence Polarization; Temperature MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (apocytochrome C); 29836-26-8 (octyl-beta-D-glucoside); 81-25-4 (cholic acid); 9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000592 TIInvestigations on the insertion of the mitochondrial precursor protein apocytochrome c into model membranes. ABDifferent aspects of the interaction of apocytochrome c and model membranes composed of negatively charged lipids, were studied in order to get insight into the nature of this interaction. The effect of the protein on the lipid packing properties are revealed by DSC, ESR and monolayer techniques. These experiments clearly demonstrate that upon electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged phospholipids, apocytochrome c is able to penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the model membrane. In the case of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, this results in a perturbation of 160 lipid molecules per apocytochrome c molecule. Most likely, apocytochrome c disrupts the formation of the gel phase and restricts the lipid chain motion above the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. Tryptophan fluorescence measurements confirm that at least a part of the protein penetrates into the bilayer, and suggest that after this penetration, the tryptophan (residue no. 59) is located in the glycerol backbone region of the phospholipids. Although the secondary structure of apocytochrome c is predicted to contain about 35% of alpha-helical structure, the CD pattern of an aqueous solution of the protein is featureless. However, negatively charged lipids are able to express this alpha-helical potency in the apocytochrome c, which might be important for the insertion of the protein into lipid membranes. AURietveld A; Ponjee GA; Schiffers P; Jordi W; van de Coolwijk PJ; Demel RA; Marsh D; de Kruijff B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p398-409 MJApoproteins; Cytochrome C; Membrane Lipids; Membranes, Artificial MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cattle; Cholic Acids /PD; Circular Dichroism; Electron Spin Resonance; Glucosides /PD; Mathematics; Pressure; Protein Conformation; Surface Properties MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (gramicidin A, 7,8-des-Val-) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000593 TIHow shortening a channel may lower its conductance. The case of des-Val7-DVal8-gramicidin A. ABA shortened analog of gramicidin A has been shown by Urry et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 775, 115-119) to have lower conductance than native gramicidin A. They argue this suggests that the major current carrier is the doubly occupied channel. A different perspective is presented here. Channel formation does not alter bilayer width. In a shortened channel an ion approaching the binding site moves further toward the center of the lipid-pore system. The electrostatic contribution to the energy barrier near the constriction mouth is greater for the shorter channel. As long as entry to the channel is rate limiting singly occupied short channels should exhibit lower conductance. The data are not inconsistent with singly occupied channels being the major current carriers. Experiments on other gramicidin analogs are suggested to more clearly distinguish between singly and doubly occupied channels as the dominant conducting species. AUJordan PC; Vayl IS EM8601 IDGM-28643 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p416-20 MJGramicidins; Ion Channels MNElectric Conductivity; Mathematics MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN116-31-4 (Retinaldehyde); 13838-16-9 (Enflurane); 151-67-7 (Halothane); 53026-44-1 (Bacteriorhodopsin); 76-38-0 (Methoxyflurane) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000594 TIVolatile anesthetics cause conformational changes of bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane. ABWe examined the effects of volatile anesthetics on the structure of the bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane by measurements of the absorption spectrum and the visible circular dichroism (CD) spectrum and assay of the retinal composition. As the concentrations of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane were increased, the absorption at 560 nm decreased but that at 480 nm increased with an isosbestic point around 510 nm. These anesthetic-induced spectroscopic changes were reversible. The CD spectrum showed the biphasic pattern with a positive and a negative band. As the concentration of halothane was increased from 4 mM to 8mM, the negative band reversibly diminished more drastically than the positive band, and at 8 mM of halothane the positive band shifted to around 480 nm. These results show that halothane disturbed the exciton coupling among bacteriorhodopsin molecules. The retinal isomer composition was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. The ratio of 13-cis- to all-trans-retinal was 47:53, 34:66 and 19:81 at control, 7.4 mM and 14.9 mM enflurane, respectively. After elimination of enflurane, the ratio returned to the control value. These findings indicate that volatile anesthetic directly affect a bacteriorhodopsin in the purple membrane and induce conformational changes in it. AUNishimura S; Mashimo T; Hiraki K; Hamanaka T; Kito Y; Yoshiya I EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p421-4 MJAnesthetics; Bacteriorhodopsin; Carotenoids; Membrane Proteins MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Circular Dichroism; Darkness; Enflurane /PD; Halobacterium; Halothane /PD; Hamsters; Isomerism; Methoxyflurane /PD; Protein Conformation /DE; Retinaldehyde /AN; Spectrophotometry MTAnimal RN554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000595 TIThe failure of hydrodynamic analysis to define pore size in cell membranes. ABThe equivalent pore theory predicts that the size of water transporting pores can be calculated from the ratio of osmotic (Pf, cm . s-1) to diffusive (Pd, cm . s-1) water permeability. Determinations of Pf and Pd in human red cells within the last thirty years have increased the ratio of Pf to Pd. According to the equivalent pore theory the pore diameter has increased from 9 A to 25 A. A pore diameter of 25 A is not compatible with the permeability characteristics of the red cell membrane. We conclude that the equivalent pore theory fails to determine pore size in red blood cells. We suggest that water transporting pores in human red cells transport water molecules in a single file fashion. AUGaley WR; Brahm J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 10 1985, 818(3) p425-8 MJCell Membrane Permeability; Models, Biological; Osmosis; Water MNChloromercuriphenylsulfonate /PD; Erythrocyte Membrane /DE /ME; Mathematics MTHuman RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.99.- (ferricyanide reductase); EC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase); EC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); 65455-52-9 (Percoll); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9003-39-8 (Povidone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000596 TIA rapid isolation procedure of plasma membranes from human neutrophils using self-generating Percoll gradients. Importance of pH in avoiding contamination by intracellular membranes. ABIn this study we report an overall procedure for the isolation of both human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and their plasma membrane, by means of self-generating Percoll gradients. After efficient purification (40% yield), neutrophils were lysed by nitrogen cavitation and cellular structures quickly isolated in a one-step procedure. Plasma membrane recovery was monitored by [3H]concanavalin A and 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) activity. We showed the latter activity is indeed present in human neutrophils. The procedure resulted in a good yield of plasma membrane, since 45% and 55% of total 5'-nucleotidase and [3H]concanavalin A activity, respectively, were recovered within two gradient fractions. Depending on the final pH of the Percoll gradient medium, endoplasmic reticulum markers contaminated either the plasma membrane or the granule fractions. At pH 9.05, NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity clearly separated from plasma membrane markers and displayed the same profile as CDPcholine:diacylglycerolcholine phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2), a typical enzyme of endoplasmic reticulum. These results emphasize the need for strict monitoring of the pH of the gradient medium in subcellular fractionation of neutrophils. AURecord M; Laharrague P; Fillola G; Thomas J; Ribes G; Fontan P; Chap H; Corberand J; Douste-Blazy L EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p1-9 MJCell Fractionation; Cell Membrane; Neutrophils MNCell Membrane /EN; Cell Separation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient /MT; Glucuronidase /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intracellular Membranes; Microscopy, Electron; Muramidase /ME; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases /ME; Nucleotidases /ME; Povidone /DU; Silica /DU MTHuman RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); 100-51-6 (benzyl alcohol); 67-56-1 (Alcohol, Methyl) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000597 TIRegional differences in the lipid composition and fluidity of rat colonic brush-border membranes. ABThe lipid composition and fluidity of brush-border membranes prepared from rat proximal and distal colonocytes were determined. Fluidity, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization techniques using the fluorophores 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, DL-2(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and DL-12(9-anthroyl)stearic acid, was decreased in distal compared to proximal plasma membranes. This pattern was similar to that previously described for both antipodal plasma membranes in rat enterocytes of the small intestine. The decrease in fluidity of the distal as compared to the proximal membranes resulted from an increase in cholesterol content, cholesterol/phospholipid molar ratio and degree of saturation of the fatty acid residues in the distal membranes. The specific activities of total alkaline phosphatase and cysteine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase, enzymes previously shown to be functionally dependent on the physical state of the colonic brush-border membrane's lipid, were also significantly lower in distal as compared to proximal clonic plasma membranes. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that differences in the lipid fluidity, lipid composition and certain enzymatic activities exist in brush-border membranes prepared from rat proximal and distal colonocytes. The regional variation in rat colonic luminal membrane lipid fluidity and composition may, at least partially, be responsible for differences in these enzymatic activities as well as in sodium and water absorption along the length of this organ. AUBrasitus TA; Dudeja PK EM8601 IDCA36745 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p10-7 MJColon /UL; Membrane Lipids; Microvilli MNAlcohol, Methyl /PD; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Benzyl Alcohols /PD; Colon /AH /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Fluorescence Polarization; Intestinal Mucosa /PH /UL; Membrane Fluidity; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000598 TIFusion of bacterial spheroplasts by electric fields. ABSpheroplasts of Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium were found to fuse in an electric field. We employed the fusion method developed by Zimmermann and Scheurich (1981): Close membrane contact between cells is established by dielectrophoresis (formation of chains of cells by an a.c. field), then membrane fusion is induced by the application of short pulses of direct current. Under optimum conditions the fusion yield was routinely 90%. Fusable spheroplasts were obtained by first growing filamentous bacteria in the presence of cephalexin, then converting these to spheroplasts by the use of lysozyme. The fusion products were viable and regenerated to the regular bacterial form. Fusion of genetically different spheroplasts resulted in strains of bacteria possessing a combination of genetic markers. Fusion could not be achieved with spheroplasts obtained by growing the cells in the presence of penicillin or by using lysozyme on bacteria of usual size. AURuthe HJ; Adler J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p105-13 MJEscherichia Coli; Membrane Fusion; Salmonella Typhimurium MNCalcium /PD; Electricity; Escherichia Coli /UL; Magnesium /PD; Salmonella Typhimurium /UL; Species Specificity MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); 62-49-7 (Choline) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000599 TIMembrane retrieval in the guinea pig neurohypophysis: biochemical characterization of a retrieval structure. AB[3H]Choline and [35S]methionine injected into the guinea pig hypothalamus in vivo were incorporated into the lipids and proteins, respectively, of secretory vesicles transported to the neural lobe. Prolonged in vivo stimulation of hormone secretion by dehydration decreased the [3H]choline content of secretory vesicles, with a concomitant increase in the [3H]choline content of a membrane fraction isolated on sucrose gradients. After stimulation of neural lobes in vitro in the presence of horseradish peroxidase, this extracellular fluid marker was found in the same membrane fraction. SDS electrophoresis of membrane proteins radiolabelled by [35S]methionine in vivo demonstrated that this fraction contained at least one major protein also present in the secretory vesicle membrane. These results suggest that we have isolated a membrane fraction containing the structure(s) involve in membrane retrieval in the neurohypophysis. AUSaermark T; Jones PM; Robinson IC EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p114-8 MJPituitary Gland, Posterior MNCholine /DU; Cytoplasmic Granules /ME; Endocytosis; Exocytosis; Guinea Pigs; Horseradish Peroxidase /DU; Intracellular Membranes /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins /ME; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000600 TIEstimation of the location of natural alpha-tocopherol in lipid bilayers by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. ABNatural, 2R,4R',8R'-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), labelled selectively with 13C in the methyl group at position 5, was incorporated into unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine. The vesicles are impermeable to the shift reagent Pr3+ and, in the presence of this reagent, separate 13C resonances due to labelled alpha-tocopherol in the outer and inner monolayers could be observed with relative intensities, 2:1. Subsequent addition of the relaxation reagent Gd2+ causes broadening and greatly shortened spin-lattice relaxation times for the resonance due to alpha-tocopherol in the outer monolayer only. These data confirm that alpha-tocopherol is located in both halves of the bilayers with its more hydrophilic chroman moiety very near the lipid-water interface, and indicate that the methyl group at position 5 of the alpha-tocopherol in the inner monolayer must be at least 40 A from the aqueous interface of the outer monolayer. AUPerly B; Smith IC; Hughes L; Burton GW; Ingold KU EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p131-5 MJVitamin E MNLipid Bilayers; Membrane Fluidity; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000601 TITransport competence of plasma membrane vesicles from cultured human fibroblasts. ABWe obtained plasma membranes from cultured human skin fibroblasts. The preparation was enriched 10-fold with about 40 percent yield. There was minimal contamination with other cell membranes. Various observations indicated vesicular conformation of a portion of the plasma membranes, notably by electron microscopy and from the effect of osmotic pressure on the distribution of solutes between mass and medium at equilibrium. Other studies indicated that these fibroblast plasma membrane vesicles retained mediated transport processes for a variety of substrates. The evidence included: stereospecific and temperature-dependent uptake of glucose; dependence of L-alanine uptake on sodium ion and an inward-directed transmembrane Na+ gradient; stimulation of L-alanine uptake, with overshoot, by enhancement of the interior-negative transmembrane potential; concentration dependent uptake of methotrexate with apparent competitive inhibition by folinic acid; stimulation of L-lysine uptake by trans-L-arginine. These findings indicate that human fibroblast plasma membrane vesicles could be used to study membrane transport processes and, perhaps, expression of mutant genes that cause inborn errors of transport. AUBuchanan JA; Rosenblatt DS; Scriver CR EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p136-42 MJBiological Transport; Cell Membrane MNAmino Acids /ME; Binding, Competitive; Cell Fractionation; Cell-Free System; Cells, Cultured; Glucose /ME; Membrane Potentials; Methotrexate /ME; Sodium /ME; Stereoisomers; Temperature MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000602 TIThe nature of the Ca2+-pump defect in the red blood cells of patients with cystic fibrosis. ABThe reduction in (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activity in the cystic fibrosis red blood cells can be attributed to a reduction in the number of active Ca2+ pumps per red blood cell and an altered interaction of calcium ions with the pump. Despite this, the normal free intracellular [Ca2+] is preserved due to a lower rate of passive calcium entry. AUMuallem S; Miner C; Seymour CA EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p143-7 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium; Calcium; Cystic Fibrosis; Erythrocyte Membrane MNBiological Transport, Active MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 144-62-7 (oxalic acid); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000603 TISubcellular origin of the oxalate- or inorganic phosphate-stimulated Ca2+ transport by smooth muscle microsomes: revisitation of the old problem by a new approach using saponin. ABSaponin, a cell-skinning reagent which perforates the cell membrane via its specific interaction with plasmalemmal cholesterol, was used to identify the subcellular origin of ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation in the presence and absence of inorganic phosphate and oxalate by microsomal fractions isolated from rat vas deferens and dog aorta. The purified plasma membranes from rat gastric fundus muscle, which elicit the stimulation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by inorganic phosphate but not by oxalate, were used as a control reference. Saponin at concentrations effective for skinning smooth muscle fibres (10-50 micrograms/ml) inhibited Ca2+ binding in the absence of ATP to a similar extent in all fractions, but the inhibition of ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was more pronounced in dog aorta microsomes and rat gastric fundus muscle plasma membranes than in rat vas deferens microsomes. The resistance of phosphate- and oxalate-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation to inhibition by saponin was much greater in rat vas deferens than in dog aorta microsomes. Our results suggest that phosphate- and oxalate-stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation also occurs in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from smooth muscle and is by no means an unique property of endoplasmic reticulum. AUKwan CY EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p148-52 MJCalcium; Microsomes; Muscle, Smooth MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /ME; Biological Transport /DE; Dogs; Endoplasmic Reticulum /ME; Muscle, Smooth /UL; Oxalates /PD; Phosphates /PD; Rats; Saponins /DU; Sarcolemma /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-39-3 (Barium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000604 TIEffect of Ba2+ on the K+ conductance pathways in the frog cornea. ABTwo types of transepithelial potential difference (PD) responses have been observed in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, when the K+ concentration is changed in the aqueous solution. (1) A normal response, that is, a decrease in the positivity of the aqueous solution when the K+ is increased in this solution. (2) An anomalous response, that is, an increase in PD when K+ is increased from 0 to 4 mM in the aqueous solution. In present experiments 2 mM Ba2+ results in a significant decrease in transepithelial PD and an increase in resistance (R), consistent with the well-known effect of Ba2+ on the K+ conductance in other biological membranes. In the presence of Ba2+ compared to its absence the normal PD responses were decreased when K+ was increased from 4 to 20 or to 79 mM in the aqueous solution. Barium enhanced, but not significantly, the anomalous PD response (PD increase) when K+ was increased from 0 to 4 mM. An anomalous PD response (PD decrease) was obtained with Ba2+ when K+ was changed from 4 to 0 mM while in its absence the response was normal (PD increase) or did not change. These findings support the concept that anomalous PD responses as a result of the electrogenic (Na+ + K+)-ATPase may be obtained when the resistance of the simple K+ pathway is increased. AUCarrasquer G; Rehm WS; Schwartz M EM8601 ID5-31458 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p23-8 MJBarium; Cornea /PH; Ion Channels; Potassium MNCornea /DE; Electric Conductivity; Membrane Potentials /DE; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.99.- (Fatty Acid Desaturases); EC 3.1.3.9 (Glucosephosphatase); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000607 TIIn vitro modification of cholesterol content of rat liver microsomes. Effects upon membrane 'fluidity' and activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and fatty acid desaturation systems. ABThe cholesterol content of rat liver microsomal membranes was modified in vitro by incubating microsomes and cytosol with liposomes prepared by sonication of microsomal lipids and cholesterol. In this way, the cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio was increased from 0.11-0.13 in untreated microsomes to a maximal of 0.8 in treated ones. Cholesterol incorporation in microsomes produced an increase in the diphenyl-hexatriene steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and a decrease in the efficiency of pyrene-excimer formation which indicated a decrease in the rotational and translational mobility, respectively, of these probes in the membranes lipid phase. Cholesterol incorporation in microsomes did not affect significantly the glucose-6-phosphatase activity in 0.1% Triton X-100 totally disrupted microsomes, but diminished the glucose-6-phosphatase activity of 'intact' microsomes. This indicates that possibly the glucose 6-phosphate translocation across the microsomal membrane is impeded by an increase in the membrane apparent 'microviscosity'. Cholesterol incorporation in microsomes decreased NADH-cytochrome c reductase without affecting NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity. The delta 9 desaturation reaction rate was enhanced by cholesterol incorporation at low but not at high palmitic acid substrate concentration. delta 5 and delta 6 desaturase reaction-rates were increased both at low and high fatty acid substrate concentrations. These results suggest that a mechanism involving fatty acid desaturase enzymes, might exist to self-regulate the microsomal membrane lipid phase 'fluidity' in the rat liver. AUGarda HA; Brenner RR EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p45-54 MJCholesterol; Fatty Acid Desaturases; Glucosephosphatase; Microsomes, Liver /PH MNElectron Transport; Fluorescence Polarization; Membrane Fluidity; Microsomes, Liver /EN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Temperature; Viscosity MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000608 TIEffects of adriamycin on lipid polymorphism in cardiolipin-containing model and mitochondrial membranes. ABThe effects of the anti-tumor drug adriamycin on lipid polymorphism in cardiolipin-containing model membranes and in isolated inner mitochondrial membranes has been examined by 31P-NMR. Adriamycin binding does not affect the macroscopic structure or local order in the phosphate region of cardiolipin liposomes. In cardiolipin liposomes and in cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine (1:1) liposomes, the drug inhibits the ability of Ca2+ to induce the hexagonal HII phase. Adriamycin interaction with both dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine-cardiolipin (2:1) and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidylserine (1:1) liposomes results in structural phase separation into a liquid-crystalline hexagonal HII phase for the phosphatidylethanolamine and a liquid-crystalline lamellar phase for the negatively charged phospholipid. Combined high-resolution 31P-NMR, electron microscopy and light scattering studies reveal the prominent fusion capacity of adriamycin towards cardiolipin-phosphatidylcholine small unilamellar vesicles. Addition of Ca2+ to total rat liver inner mitochondrial membrane lipids, dispersed in excess buffer, results in hexagonal HII formation for part of the phospholipids. By contrast, the original bilayer structure is completely conserved when the above experiment is performed in the presence of adriamycin. 31P-NMR spectra of isolated inner mitochondrial membranes are indicative of a bilayer organization for the majority of the phospholipids. Approximately 15% of the signal intensity originates from phospholipids which experience isotropic motion. Adriamycin addition almost completely eliminates the latter spectral component. In the absence of adriamycin, Ca2+ addition greatly increases the percentage of the phospholipids giving rise to an isotropic signal possibly indicating the formation of non-lamellar lipid structures. Adriamycin which specifically binds to cardiolipin (K. Nicolay et al. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 778, 359-371) completely blocks the Ca2+-induced structural reorganization of the lipids in this membrane. AUNicolay K; van der Neut R; Fok JJ; de Kruijff B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p55-65 MJCardiolipins; Doxorubicin; Membrane Lipids MNCalcium /ME; Cardiolipins /PH; Chemistry, Physical; Doxorubicin /PD; Intracellular Membranes /DE; Lipid Bilayers; Mitochondria /DE /UL; Models, Biological; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Oxidative Phosphorylation /DE; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylserines MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); 0 (phosphate-binding proteins); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 57-50-1 (Sucrose); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000609 TISolubilization and reconstitution of the renal phosphate transporter. ABProteins from brush-border membrane vesicles of rabbit kidney cortex were solubilized with 1% octylglucoside (protein to detergent ratio, 1:4 (w/w). The solubilized proteins (80.2 +/- 2.3% of the original brush-border proteins, n = 10, mean +/- S.E.) were reconstituted into artificial lipid vesicles or liposomes prepared from purified egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (80%) and cholesterol (20%). Transport of Pi into the proteoliposomes was measured by rapid filtration in the presence of a Na+ or a K+ gradient (out greater than in). In the presence of a Na+ gradient, the uptake of Pi was significantly faster than in the presence of a K+ gradient. Na+ dependency of Pi uptake was not observed when the liposomes were reconstituted with proteins extracted from brush-border membrane vesicles which had been previously treated with papain, a procedure that destroys Pi transport activity. Measurement of Pi uptake in media containing increasing amounts of sucrose indicated that Pi was transported into an intravesicular (osmotically sensitive) space, although about 70% of the Pi uptake appeared to be the result of adsorption or binding of Pi. However, this binding of Pi was not dependent upon the presence of Na+. Both Na+-dependent transport and the Na+-independent binding of Pi were inhibited by arsenate. The initial Na+-dependent Pi transport rate in control liposomes of 0.354 nmol Pi/mg protein per min was reduced to 0.108 and 0 nmol Pi/mg protein per min in the presence of 1 and 10 mM arsenate, respectively. Future studies on reconstitution of Pi transport systems must analyze and correct for the binding of Pi by the lipids used in the formation of the proteoliposomes. AUSchali C ; Fanestil DD EM8601 IDAM 32168 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p66-74 MJCarrier Proteins; Kidney; Phosphates MNArsenates /PD; Biological Transport /DE; Detergents; Glucose /ME; Liposomes; Microvilli /AN; Molecular Weight; Papain /DU; Rabbits; Sodium /ME; Solubility; Sucrose /PD; Water-Electrolyte Balance MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN490-83-5 (Dehydroascorbic Acid); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000610 TINa+-independent dehydro-L-ascorbic acid uptake in renal brush-border membrane vesicles. ABA membrane preparation enriched in the brush-border component of the plasma membrane was isolated from rat renal superficial cortex by a divalent cation precipitation procedure. Uptake of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid, the oxidized form of L-ascorbic acid, by the brush-border membrane vesicles was studied. The uptake mechanism was found to be sodium-independent and insensitive to the trans-membrane electrical potential difference. Uptake was saturable and subject to cis-inhibition. Concentrative uptake was demonstrated only under conditions of trans-stimulation by structural analogs. The results suggest a mechanism of facilitated diffusion for the uptake of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid in renal brush-border membranes. AUBianchi J; Rose RC EM8601 IDAM 19119 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p75-82 MJAscorbic Acid; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Kidney MNAnions /PH; Biological Transport; Cell-Free System; Glucose /ME; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli /ME; Potassium /PH; Protein Binding; Rats; Stereoisomers MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (nucleoside transporter); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000611 TIThe topology of the major band 4.5 protein component of the human erythrocyte membrane: characterization of reactive cysteine residues. ABA preparation of band 4.5 protein of the red cell membrane, containing largely the sugar transporter, was labelled with the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethyl [14C]maleimide. In preparations denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), all five sulfhydryl groups present in the peptide, Mr 45 000 to 60 000, react with the alkylating agent within 20 min at 37 degrees C. If the peptide is reconstituted in lipid vesicles and cleaved with trypsin before extraction and denaturation with SDS, three sulfhydryl groups are found in a 30 kDa fragment and two in a 19 kDa fragment. In 'native' reconstituted protein only three groups react, even after two hours of exposure, two in the 30 kDa fragment and one in the 19 kDa fragment. Thus, one sulfhydryl group is cryptic, inaccessible to N-ethylmaleimide in each fragment. In intact cells, the single reactive group of the 19 kDa fragment can be protected against reaction with N-ethylmaleimide by the impermeant sulfhydryl reagent, p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS). It is, therefore, considered to be exposed on the outer face of the membrane. The two reactive groups of the 30 kDa fragment are not protected by PCMBS and are, therefore, not considered to be exposed to the outside medium. Cytochalasin B, a competitive inhibitor of sugar transport affords temporary protection of the exofacial group of the 19 kDa against reaction with N-ethylmaleimide, and affords longer term protection of one of the reactive groups of the 30 kDa fragment. These findings allow conclusions about the topology of the sugar transport protein in the bilayer. Both proteolytic fragments must cross the bilayer. One of three reactive sulfhydryl groups is exofacial and two may be cytoplasmic. The two cryptic groups may be located within the bilayer. AUDeziel MR; Jung CY; Rothstein A EM8601 IDAM 13376 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p83-92 MJBlood Proteins; Erythrocyte Membrane; Membrane Proteins; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins MNCysteine; Cytochalasin B /ME; Ethylmaleimide /DU; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Trypsin /DU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000612 TIStoichiometric and electrostatic characterization of calcium binding to native and lipid-substituted adenosinetriphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. ABThe stoichiometry of calcium binding to specific sites (i.e., those producing enzyme activation) was found to be 8-10 nmol/mg protein in native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, and 13.9-15.4 nmol/mg of ATPase purified by non-ionic detergent solubilization and anion exchange chromatography. Parallel measurements of phosphoenzyme yielded levels of 4.0-4.9 and 6.0-7.7 nmol/mg of protein in the two preparations, respectively, demonstrating that each 115 kDa ATPase chain includes one catalytic site and two calcium binding sites. The apparent association constant, K = (6 +/- 2) X 10(5) M-1, and the binding cooperativity, nH = 1.9, were unchanged when measurements were carried out with native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and when the membrane surface charge was altered by lipid substitution with phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylserine, at neutral pH in the presence of 10 mM MgCl2 and 80 mM KCl. On the other hand, the apparent association constant was increased in the absence of Mg2+ or, to a lesser extent, in the absence of monovalent cations. It was also observed that the cooperative character of the calcium binding isotherms was reduced in low ionic-strength media. Analysis of the electrostatic effects indicates that the calcium-binding domain is shielded from the membrane phospholipid surface charge by virtue of its location within the ATPase protein. The effects of various electrolytes are attributed to monovalent-cation binding in the calcium-binding domain. The apparent loss of cooperativity of the calcium binding isotherms at low ionic strength is attributed to a progressive displacement of the titration curve which is minimal at low degrees of saturation and becomes larger at higher degrees of saturation. This behavior is described quantitatively by the progressive effect of calcium binding on an electrostatic potential generated by localized protein charge densities within, or near, the calcium-binding domain. AUScofano H; Barrabin H; Inesi G; Cohen JA EM8601 IDHL-27867 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 25 1985, 819(1) p93-104 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase; Calcium; Membrane Lipids; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNElectricity; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Membrane Potentials; Phosphatidylcholines /PH; Phosphatidylserines /PH; Potassium /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000613 TIThe interaction of calcium with gangliosides in bilayer membranes. ABWe studied the binding of calcium to bilayer membranes formed from mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and mono-, di-, or trisialoganglioside by measuring its effect on the electrophoretic mobility of multilamellar vesicles and the conductance of planar bilayers. In 0.001 M monovalent salt solutions the surface potential of the membranes is large and micromolar concentrations of calcium have a significant effect on the mobility and conductance. In 0.1 M monovalent salt solutions the surface potential is small and millimolar concentrations of calcium are required to affect these parameters. The strong apparent binding of calcium we observed at low ionic strength could be due to the nonspecific accumulation of calcium in the electrical diffuse double layer. To distinguish between this nonspecific effect and binding of calcium to the membrane, we substituted dimethonium for calcium. Dimethonium is a divalent cation that screens negative charges but does not bind to lipids. We also examined the effect of replacing phosphatidylcholine by monoolein: calcium binds to phosphatidylcholine but not to monoolein. We describe our electrophoretic mobility results by combining the Poisson-Boltzmann and Navier-Stokes equations with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. We conclude that calcium binds weakly to gangliosides with an intrinsic association constant of less than 100 M-1, which is similar to the association constant of calcium with phospholipids. AUMcDaniel R; McLaughlin S EM8601 IDGM24971 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p153-60 MJCalcium; Gangliosides; Lipid Bilayers MNBinding Sites; Electrophoresis /MT; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Thermodynamics MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000614 TIThe effect of general anesthetics on the proton and potassium permeabilities of liposomes. ABThe pump-leak hypothesis of general anesthesia proposes that anesthetics act by increasing the functional proton permeability of membranes, particularly those of synaptic vesicles. Since transmembrane proton gradients are required for neurotransmitter accumulation, decay of such gradients by an uncompensated anesthetic-induced leak would result in loss of neurotransmitter from the vesicles, followed by synaptic block and anesthesia. We have tested this hypothesis by determining the effect of four different general anesthetics on the relative permeabilities of liposome membranes to protons and potassium ions. In all cases, physiologically relevant levels of anesthetics caused a 200 to 500 percent increment in ionic permeability. There was no marked preference for protons, suggesting that the anesthetics did not induce a leak specific for this ionic species. Instead the anesthetics appeared to produce a more general defect available to both protons and potassium ions which resulted in a functional increment in proton permeability. These observations were compared with available data on proton transport rates by synaptic vesicle ATPase enzymes. The magnitude of the anesthetic-induced leak could not be compensated by the ATPase, which is only capable of a 40 percent increase in rate when uncoupled. We consider these results to be consistent with the pump-leak hypothesis. AUBarchfeld GL; Deamer DW EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p161-9 MJAnesthetics; Liposomes; Potassium; Protons MNAnesthesia, General; Permeability; Synaptic Membranes /ME MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000615 TISurvival of rabbit and horse erythrocytes in vivo after changing the fatty acyl composition of their phosphatidylcholine. ABThe phospholipid composition and the distribution of phospholipids over the two leaflets of the membrane have been investigated for rabbit and horse erythrocyte membranes. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) comprises 39.4% and 41.3% of the total phospholipid complement of the rabbit and horse erythrocytes, respectively. In both membranes the distribution of this phospholipid is asymmetric: 70% of the PC is present in the outer layer of the rabbit membrane and 60% in that of the horse. The major species of this phospholipid class are the (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)- and the (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl)PC. The disaturated species, (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC, is present in limited amounts only. Partial replacement of the native PC from intact erythrocytes was accomplished with a purified PC specific transfer protein from bovine liver. Replacement of the native PC species with (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl)PC up to 40% of the total PC complement had no effect on the osmotic fragility, the shape and the in vivo survival time of both erythrocyte species. Replacement of the native PC in both rabbit and horse erythrocytes with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC up to 20% gave rise to an increased osmotic fragility, a shape change from discocytic to echinocytic and a significant reduction in survival time measured after reinjection of the modified cells. At 30% replacement with (1,2-dipalmitoyl)PC the resulting spheroechinocytes appeared to be cleared from the circulation within 24 h after reinjection. The conclusion can be drawn that the repair mechanisms which may exist in vivo are insufficient to cope with the drastic changes in properties of the erythrocyte membrane which are induced by replacing more than 15% of the native PC by the dipalmitoyl species. AUKuypers FA; Easton EW; van den Hoven R; Wensing T; Roelofsen B; op den Kamp JA; van Deenen LL EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p170-8 MJErythrocyte Aging; Erythrocyte Membrane; Fatty Acids; Phosphatidylcholines MNHorses; Osmotic Fragility; Phospholipids /BL; Rabbits MTAnimal RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000616 TIPresence of a potential-sensitive Na+ transport across renal brush-border membrane vesicles from rats of the Milan hypertensive strain. ABSodium transport was measured in brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from kidney cortex of the Milan hypertensive strain (MHS) rats and the corresponding normotensive controls. In the presence of an outwardly directed proton gradient, 22Na was transiently accumulated in the vesicles. When a transmembrane electrical potential was imposed across membrane vesicles, both the accumulation ratio and the initial uptake were increased, indicating the presence of an electrogenic pathway for sodium in these membranes. The potential-dependent sodium uptake was significantly higher in MHS rats. Kinetic analysis give simple Michaelis Menten curves in the presence and in the absence of a membrane potential. In both conditions Jmax was significantly increased in MHS rats, whereas Km was the same for the two rat strains. Sodium uptake was inhibited by amiloride at concentrations that inhibit Na+-H+ exchange. The presence of the higher, potential-sensitive, sodium uptake in MHS is in agreement with studies on renal physiology which support the hypothesis that an increase in tubular sodium reabsorption may be the primary cause for the development of hypertension in this rat strain. AUHanozet GM; Parenti P; Salvati P EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p179-86 MJHypertension; Kidney; Sodium MNAmiloride /PD; Biological Transport, Active; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli /ME; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN37758-47-7 (G(M1); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000617 TIInteraction of myelin basic protein with gangliosides and ganglioside-phospholipid mixtures. ABThe interaction of myelin basic protein with monosialoganglioside GM1 was investigated. It was found that the emission maximum of the tryptophan of the protein is blue-shifted due to the interaction. In mixtures of the monosialoganglioside with phosphatidylcholine, the myelin basic protein induces phase separation of the lipids as inferred from differential scanning calorimetry experiments. AUBach D; Sela B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p225-30 MJEncephalitogenic Basic Proteins; Gangliosides; Phospholipids MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; G(M1) Ganglioside /ME; Mathematics; Protein Binding; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Swine; Tryptophan /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN555-60-2 (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000618 TIElectron spin resonance studies of lipid fluidity changes in membranes of an uncoupler-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. ABThe fluidity of the lipids in membrane preparations from a mutant of Escherichia coli resistant to the uncoupler CCCP, grown at different temperatures with and without CCCP, was examined by electron spin resonance using the spin probe 5-doxyl stearic acid. The fluidity of the membrane lipids at the growth temperature, as estimated using electron spin resonance, was less in cells grown at lower temperatures. Precise homeoviscous adaptation was not observed. Growth in the presence of CCCP resulted in a decrease in membrane lipid fluidity, particularly in the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane. There was no change in the proportion of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in the cell envelope. However, there was an increase in the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in membranes from cells grown with uncoupler. This was reflected in the increased fluidity of the lipids extracted from these membranes. This result is contrary to that expected from measurements of the fluidity of the lipid in these membranes. The decreased fluidity of the lipid in these membranes may be a consequence of the observed increase in the ratio of protein to phospholipid. AUHerring FG; Krisman A; Sedgwick EG; Bragg PD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p231-40 MJCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /PD; Escherichia Coli /ME; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids; Nitriles MNCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /ME; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Electron Spin Resonance; Escherichia Coli /DE /GE; Mutation; Protons; Temperature MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (lactate transport protein); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000619 TIEvidence for a lactate transport system in the sarcolemmal membrane of the perfused rabbit heart: kinetics of unidirectional influx, carrier specificity and effects of glucagon. ABThe kinetics and specificity of L-lactate transport into cardiac muscle were studied during a single transit through the isolated perfused rabbit heart using a rapid (15 s) paired-tracer dilution technique. Kinetic experiments revealed that lactate influx was highly stereospecific and saturable with an apparent Kt = 19 +/- 6 mM and a Vmax = 8.4 +/- 1.5 mumol/min per g (mean +/- S.E., n = 14 hearts). At high perfusate concentrations (10 mM), the inhibitors alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (Ki = 7.3 mM), pyruvate (Ki = 6.5 mM), acetate (Ki = 19.4 mM) and chloroacetate (Ki = 28 mM) reduced L-lactate influx, and Ki values were estimated assuming a purely competitive interaction of the inhibitors with the monocarboxylate carrier. The monocarboxylic acids [14C]pyruvate and [3H]acetate were themselves transported, and sarcolemmal uptakes of respectively 38 +/- 1% and 70 +/- 8% were measured relative to D-mannitol. Perfusion of hearts for 10-30 min with 0.15 or 1.5 microM glucagon increased myocardial lactate production and simultaneously inhibited tracer uptake of lactate, pyruvate and acetate. It is concluded that a stereospecific lactate transporter exhibiting an affinity for other substituted monocarboxylic acids is operative in the sarcolemmal plasma membrane of the rabbit myocardium. AUMann GE; Zlokovic BV; Yudilevich DL EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p241-8 MJCarrier Proteins; Glucagon; Lactates; Myocardium; Sarcolemma MNBiological Transport /DE; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Perfusion; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male RN130-95-0 (Quinine); 56-54-2 (Quinidine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000620 TIInhibition of Ca2+-activated K+ channels in pig pancreatic acinar cells by Ba2+, Ca2+, quinine and quinidine. ABPatch-clamp whole-cell and single-channel current recordings were made from pig pancreatic acinar cells to test the effects of quinine, quinidine, Ba2+ and Ca2+. Voltage-clamp current recordings from single isolated cells showed that high external concentrations of Ba2+ or Ca2+ (88 mM) abolished the outward K+ currents normally associated with depolarizing voltage steps. Lower concentrations of Ca2+ only had small inhibitory effects whereas 11 mM Ba2+ almost blocked the K+ current. 5.5 mM Ba2+ reduced the outward K+ current to less than 30% of the control value. Both external quinine and quinidine (200-500 microM) markedly reduced whole-cell outward K+ currents. In single-channel current studies it was shown that external Ba2+ (1-5 mM) markedly reduced the probability of opening of high-conductance Ca2+ and voltage-activated K+ channels whereas internal Ba2+ (6 X 10(-6) to 3 X 10(-5) M) caused activation at negative membrane potentials and inhibition at positive potentials. Quinidine (200-400 microM) evoked rapid chopping of single K+ channel openings acting both from the outside and inside of the membrane and in this way markedly reduced the total current passing through the channels. AUIwatsuki N; Petersen OH EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p249-57 MJBarium; Calcium /PD; Ion Channels; Pancreas; Quinidine; Quinine MNCalcium /AI; Electrophysiology; Potassium /ME; Swine MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000621 TIThe fusogenic substance dimethyl sulfoxide enhances exocytosis in motor nerve endings. ABFusion of synaptic vesicles with the surface membrane of the nerve terminal is a key step in synaptic transmission, which normally requires the entry of calcium ions into the cell. We report that this fusion and the subsequent liberation of transmitter can also be induced by the fusogenic substances DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)). Calcium ions and DMSO exhibit a synergistic effect in the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the axolemma, resembling their action on fusion phenomena in liposomes. AUGeron N; Meiri H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p258-62 MJDimethyl Sulfoxide; Exocytosis; Membrane Fusion; Neuromuscular Junction MNAction Potentials /DE; Calcium /PD; Neuroregulators /ME; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Rana ridibunda; Synaptic Vesicles /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN59-43-8 (Thiamine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000622 TIEffect of a phenyl group in quaternary ammonium compounds on thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes. ABThe inhibitory effect of a phenyl group in quaternary ammonium compounds on thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was investigated. The phenyltrimethylammonium ion was a more potent inhibitor than the tetramethylammonium ion, while the dibenzyldimethylammonium ion was the most potent inhibitor of thiamine uptake among those compounds examined. A kinetic study showed that this compound was a competitive inhibitor. The cetyltrimethylammonium ion was a less effective inhibitor than the benzyltrimethylammonium ion, and the palmitoylcholine ion was a weak inhibitor. These results indicate that the lipophilicity of a quaternary ammonium compound is not always correlated with its affinity for thiamine-carrier binding, but the presence of a phenyl group plays a significant role in affinity. The inhibitory effect of the series of (CH3)3N+ (CH2)nC6H5 (n = 0-6) compounds on thiamine uptake in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. The maximal inhibitory activity occurred at n = 5. These results suggest that the phenyl group in a quaternary ammonium compound has a specific interaction with the thiamine-binding site in rat liver plasma membrane. AUYoshioka K; Nishimura H; Hasegawa T EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p263-6 MJAmmonium Compounds; Liver; Thiamine MNCell Membrane /ME; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 83014-44-2 (Quin2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000623 TIControl of free cytoplasmic calcium by intracellular pH in rat lymphocytes. ABActivation of Na+-H+ exchange in rat thymocytes was found to be followed by an increase in free cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i). We determined whether the change in [Ca2+]i was secondary to the uptake of Na+, or to the cytoplasmic alkalinization that result from activation of the antiport. Increasing intracellular [Na+] by treating the cells with ouabain or gramicidin failed to affect [Ca2+]i. In contrast, procedures that increased the cytoplasmic pH, such as addition of monensin or NH3, significantly elevated [Ca2+]i. These results suggest an important role of cytoplasmic pH in the control of [Ca2+]i in lymphocytes. AUGrinstein S; Goetz JD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p267-70 MJCalcium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; T Lymphocytes MNAminoquinolines /DU; Cytoplasm /ME; Fluorescent Dyes /DU; Protons; Rats; Sodium /ME; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7005-03-0 (Leucine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000624 TIRegulation of amino acid transport system L by amino acid availability in CHO-K1 cells. A special role for leucine. ABStarvation of CHO-K1 cells for leucine leads to a 3-4-fold increase in transport system L activity, without modification of transport through systems A and ASC. The concentration of leucine must be below 10 microM before the enhancement of transport can be clearly seen. To achieve low concentrations of leucine such as 10 microM, extensive dialysis of fetal calf serum was required. The enhancement of transport was completed after 12-24 h of starvation and was fully reversed within 1 h of re-feeding with leucine. Starvation for isoleucine, valine or phenylalanine also produced an increase in system L transport activity, but the effect was only one half of that seen following leucine starvation. AUMoreno A; Lobaton CD ; Oxender DL EM8601 IDGM20737 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 10 1985, 819(2) p271-4 MJAmino Acids; Leucine MNBiological Availability; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cricetulus; Culture Media; Hamsters; Ovary MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000625 TIEvolutionary conservation of protein binding sites on high-molecular-mass ribosomal RNA. AURaue HA ; el-Baradi TT; Planta RJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p1-12 MJEvolution; RNA, Ribosomal /ME; Ribosomal Proteins /ME MNBacillus stearothermophilus /GE; Binding Sites; Escherichia Coli /GE; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Protein Binding; RNA, Heterogeneous Nuclear /GE /ME; RNA, Ribosomal /GE; Ribosomal Proteins /GE MCReview MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000626 TIDNA sequences homologous to long double-stranded RNA. Transcription of intracisternal A-particle genes and major long repeat of the mouse genome. ABLong double-stranded RNA (dsRNA-A) (Kramerov, D.A., Ryskov, A.P. and Georgiev, G.P. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 475, 461-475) from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was used for the search for mobile dispersed genes in the mouse genome. Two kinds of genomic sequences hybridizing to dsRNA-A were cloned. They were designated A1 and A2. The A1 sequence was identified as the gene for intracisternal A particles, while the A2 sequence was found to be the major long repetitive sequence of the mouse genome. Melted dsRNA-A hybridized equally well to both DNA strands of A1 and A2 sequences while total poly(A)+ RNA bound preferentially to one of them. Thus, a partially symmetrical transcription took place in the case of A1 and A2 elements. The analysis of transcripts of A1 elements in Ehrlich carcinoma cells revealed RNAs with sizes of 9.5 kb, 6.8 kb and 6.0 kb. In plasmocytoma MOPC 21 cells, instead of the 6.0 kb RNA, two other kinds of RNA with sizes 5.3 kb and 7.8 kb were found. These transcripts poorly coincided with the four known variants of intracisternal A-particle (IAP) genes. It seemed that at least some of the described RNAs were transcribed from some minor non-identified variants of IAP genes. The A2 transcripts were practically restricted to nuclei, their sizes being heterogeneous. AUKramerov DA; Bukrinsky MI; Ryskov AP EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p20-9 MJCloning, Molecular; Intracisternal A-Particle Genes; Proto-Oncogenes; RNA, Double-Stranded; Transcription, Genetic MNDNA Restriction Enzymes; Mice; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 13292-46-1 (Rifampin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000627 TIIsolation and construction of mutants of the G4 minus strand origin: analysis of their in vivo activity. ABAn active, rifampicin-resistant primase-dependent bacteriophage G4 origin of complementary DNA strand synthesis has been cloned as a 274 bp fragment into the filamentous phase M13 and its secondary structure altered by deletion and insertion. It has been found that the entire 136 bp G4 intergenic region containing the secondary structure loops I and III is necessary for rifampicin-resistant conversion of SS----RF DNA in vivo. The secondary structures, however, can be widely separated by insertion between them of both random DNA sequences, and sequences that form strong additional secondary structure configurations and the origins still retain activity. Primase therefore probably recognises two DNA domains on loops I and III, the physical separation of which is not important. AUSakai H; Godson GN EM8601 IDNIAID 7-1142-996 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p30-7 MJColiphages /GE; Escherichia Coli /GE; Mutation; Rifampin MNBase Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Coliphages /DE; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Viral /GE; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia Coli /DE; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Plasmids MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1. (Endonucleases); EC 3.1.30.1 (endonuclease S1 (Aspergillus); 127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea); 147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000628 TIAnalysis of the structure and spatial distribution of ultraviolet-induced DNA repair patches in human cells made in the presence of inhibitors of replicative synthesis. ABThe repair of ultraviolet-induced damage in the presence of hydroxyurea or hydroxyurea and arabinosylcytosine was investigated in confluent human fibroblasts at the level of DNA loops attached to the nuclear matrix. Estimation of single-strand break frequencies based on the release of DNA from the DNA-nuclear matrix complex after incubation with nuclease S1 revealed the occurrence of multiple incision events per DNA loop in the presence of inhibitors. When both inhibitors were employed, over 90% of the repair-labelled DNA was not ligated within 2 h post-incubation. In the absence of ligation of repair patches, we observed a preferential release of repair-labelled DNA from the nuclear matrix by nuclease S1 compared to prelabelled DNA, regardless of the period of post-UV incubation. The results suggest that repair events are clustered to some extent in a certain area of a DNA loop. However, the position of these clusters relative to the attachment sites of DNA loops at the nuclear matrix is random. The data are discussed in terms of denaturation of a putative repair complex in the presence of hydroxyurea resulting in an excess of incisions over repaired sites. AUMullenders LH; van Kesteren-van Leeuwen AC; van Zeeland AA; Natarajan AT EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p38-48 MJDNA Repair; DNA Replication /RE; DNA /RE; Ultraviolet Rays MNCell Line; Cytarabine /PD; DNA Replication /DE; DNA /IP; Endonucleases /ME; Hydroxyurea /PD; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Xeroderma Pigmentosum MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000629 TIThe hepatic glucocorticoid domain: evidence for early and late hormone-mediated changes in the synthesis of individual protein gene products. ABStudies were conducted to determine the extent of rapidly evolving effects of glucocorticoids on the transcriptional activity of individual hepatocyte genes through comparisons of the relative rates of synthesis of the more than 3000 protein gene products that are resolved in giant two-dimensional separatory gels. During the first 20 h in primary culture normal hepatocytes displayed substantial spontaneous changes in over 80 proteins. One effect of an added glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, was to retard or reverse the progression of roughly half of these. However, such long-term hormone treatment also caused 27 inductions and 26 repressions, many of which occurred in proteins that do not change spontaneously. Some of these coincide with the previously reported glucocorticoid domain of hepatoma cells. In contrast to such long-term changes, short-term (4 h) incubation with dexamethasone induced 10 proteins and repressed 6 others. Five of these early hormone inductions and all of the early repressions were maintained or enhanced by 20 h. However, the remaining five early glucocorticoid inductions appeared to be transient, since by 16-20 h the effects were either markedly reduced or absent. These results show the existence of an early glucocorticoid domain, qualitatively different from that seen at later times, which may be more representative of the primary steroid hormone responses. AUColbert RA; Amatruda JM; Young DA EM8601 IDAM16177; T32 GM07356 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p49-66 MJDexamethasone; Genes, Structural; Liver /ME; Transcription, Genetic MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Kinetics; Liver /DE; Molecular Weight; Proteins /GE /IP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10043-52-4 (Calcium Chloride); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000630 TIIonic effects on the structure of nucleoprotein cores from adenovirus. ABNucleoprotein cores, prepared from adenovirus type 5 with a deoxycholate/heat treatment, consist of the viral DNA and two major internal proteins. The core particles exhibit structural characteristics that are highly reproducible and dependent on their ionic environment. In low-ionic-strength buffer, the cores had a sedimentation coefficient of 180 S and appeared in the electron microscope as homogeneous particles with distinct centers from which numerous arms and loops radiated. Condensation of the cores was induced by Mg2+ or Ca2+ over the range 0 to 1 mM. The sedimentation coefficient increased monotonically with divalent cation concentration, reaching a maximum of 405 S in 1 mM Mg2+. A corresponding condensation in the core structure was observed by electron microscopy. Increasing concentrations of NaCl also produced a conformational change in the cores, with an almost linear increase in sedimentation velocity up to 274 S in 0.04 M NaCl. Between 0.05 and 1.0 M NaCl, the cores were insoluble. In 2.0 M NaCl, the cores were again soluble with an s20,w of 228 S. Under all ionic strength conditions in which the cores were soluble, both core proteins remained bound to the DNA. AUEnnever JF; Love SM; Harpst JA EM8601 ID5T-01-GM-00035; GM-14252; GM-21946; + SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 3 1985, 826(1) p67-79 MJAdenoviruses, Human; Nucleoproteins /ME MNCalcium Chloride; Cations, Divalent; KB Cells; Magnesium; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Weight; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleoproteins /IP; Osmolar Concentration; Protein Conformation; Sodium Chloride MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.4.3.4 (Monoamine Oxidase); EC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.99.- (Staphylococcus V-8 protease); 506-68-3 (Cyanogen Bromide); 555-57-7 (Pargyline) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000631 TIMonoamine oxidase A and monoamine oxidase B activities are catalyzed by different proteins. ABMonoamine oxidases A and B (amino: oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (flavin-containing), EC 1.4.3.4) have been identified in the outer membranes of rat liver mitochondria by their covalent reaction with the inhibitor, [3H]pargyline. On analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Monoamine oxidase A was found to migrate more slowly that monoamine oxidase B. Proteins which correspond to monoamine oxidases A and B (as identified by the electrophoretic distribution of covalently bound [3H]pargyline) were excised from the gels. Subsequent analysis showed that both monoamine oxidase A and monoamine B had been highly purified by this procedure. Electrophoretic analysis of the peptides produced by limited proteolysis with bovine trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase and cyanogen bromide indicate that monoamine oxidases A and B have different amino acid sequences. AUSmith D; Filipowicz C; McCauley R EM8601 IDAM 19701 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p1-7 MJIsoenzymes; Monoamine Oxidase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Chymotrypsin; Cyanogen Bromide /PD; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Mitochondria, Liver /EN; Pargyline /PD; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /ME; Protein Denaturation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Trypsin /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000632 TIRat high-molecular-weight kininogen: purification, production of antibodies and demonstration of lack of immunoreactive kininogen in a strain of brown Norway rats. ABHigh-molecular-weight kininogen was purified to apparent homogeneity from Wistar rat plasma by a two-steps chromatographic procedure. 3 mg of kininogen were obtained from 205 ml of plasma. The purified high-Mr kininogen had a bradykinin content of 10.2 micrograms bradykinin equivalents/mg protein. Under denatured and reduced conditions it gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to an apparent molecular mass of 110 kDa. Antibodies obtained against rat high-Mr kininogen gave a single precipitation line when tested against rat plasma in double immunodiffusion and in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Although rat high-Mr kininogen possesses physicochemical properties (molecular mass, kinin content per molecule and amino acid composition) similar to human high-Mr kininogen, its antibodies do not cross-react with human, monkey or rabbit plasma, indicating major interspecies differences in the structure of the molecule. Immunoreactive kininogen of Wistar rats was identical to that of Brown Norway rats from a strain bred in Orleans, France (BN/Orl). However, plasma from a strain of Brown Norway rats bred in Leuven, Belgium (BN/Kat), reported to be deficient in a kinin precursor (Damas, J. and Adam, A. (1980) Experientia 36, 586-587), did not contain immunoreactive material discernible by double immunodiffusion or crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AUReis ML; Alhenc-Gelas F; Alhenc-Gelas M; Allegrini J; Kerbiriou-Nabias D; Corvol P; Menard J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p106-13 MJAntibodies; Kininogens /IP MNAmino Acids /AN; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Gel Diffusion Tests; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; Kininogens /IM; Molecular Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin); 9008-02-0 (deoxyhemoglobin); 9034-51-9 (Hemoglobin A) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000633 TIChanges in Fe site structure from fetal to adult hemoglobin probed by XANES. ABIron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of human fetal (F) and adult (A) deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHb) measured at the Frascati synchrotron radiation facility reveal the different geometrical structure of the Fe-porphyrin complexes in the two proteins. By this method, having determined for the first time the variation of atomic positions in fetal and adult hemoglobin in solution (close to the 'in vivo' situation), we give further insight into the structure-function relationship in hemoglobins. AUBianconi A; Congiu-Castellano A; Dell'Ariccia M; Giovannelli A; Burattini E; Castagnola M; Durham PJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p120-4 MJFetal Hemoglobin; Hemoglobin A; Iron MNHemoglobins; Spectrum Analysis; X-Rays MTHuman RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosaminidase); EC 3.2.1.30 (Acetylglucosaminidase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000634 TIPurification and properties of bovine mammary gland N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. ABTwo forms of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were purified from bovine mammary gland by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and preparative isoelectric focusing. The two forms, designated A and B on the basis of their binding to DEAE-cellulose at pH 7, were glycoproteins with different molecular weights as determined by gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The A form had a molecular weight of 118 000, while the B form had a molecular weight of 234 000. Both A and B forms of the purified enzyme showed the presence of two distinct subunits, having apparent molecular weights of 55 000 and 25 000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-electrophoresis. Amino acid composition of the purified forms showed that a high degree of similarity existed between the two forms. However, the B form had slightly higher levels of serine and threonine than the A form. The structure and possible interrelationship of these two forms in the bovine mammary gland are discussed in relation to the structure of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from other sources. AUKitchen BJ; Masters CJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p125-32 MJAcetylglucosaminidase; Glucosaminidase; Mammae MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Cattle; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.2.3 (Phosphoglycerate Kinase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000635 TIAltered phosphoglycerate kinase from old rat muscle shows no change in primary structure. ABPhosphoglycerate kinase (ATP:3-phospho-D-glycerate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.3) from young and old rat muscle was purified to homogeneity. After ascertaining that each preparation of the enzyme obtained from the latter indeed possessed altered properties, matched pairs of young and old enzymes were subjected to amino acid analysis and peptide mapping by HPLC. Following S-carboxymethylation, the respective young and old enzymes were digested with each of the following three proteinases: trypsin, chymotrypsin and S. aureus V8 proteinase. The corresponding peptides were resolved by reverse-phase HPLC. The peptide patterns obtained from both enzyme forms were identical. Even when the peptides obtained from digestion of phosphoglycerate kinase with S. aureus V8 proteinase were further digested with trypsin, no differences were observed. Comparative amino acid analyses also showed no differences. These results provide direct evidence that there are no changes in the sequence of altered rat muscle phosphoglycerate kinase and support the hypothesis that the differences in properties between the young and old forms of the enzyme result from a conformational modification. AUHardt H; Rothstein M EM8601 IDAG00618 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p13-21 MJAging; Muscles; Phosphoglycerate Kinase MNAmino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.4.3 (Phospholipase C); 3436-45-1 (diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000636 TICharged detergents enhance the activity of phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) towards micellar short-chain phosphatidylcholine. ABPhospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine cholinephosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3) (Bacillus cereus) activity toward diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine is increased 50-100% by low concentrations of both positively and negatively charged detergents. Zwitterionic and nonionic detergents have no such activating effect. This charged detergent activation requires an interface, since comparable detergent concentrations have no effect on the hydrolysis rate of monomeric dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine. From NMR and diacylglycerol solubility studies it is suggested that activation results from detergent interacting with diacylglycerol to accelerate product release from the enzyme. AUel-Sayed MY; Roberts MF EM8601 IDGM 26762 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p133-41 MJBacillus Cereus; Detergents; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipase C; Surface-Active Agents MNDiglycerides; Hydrolysis; Mathematics; Micelles; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Solubility MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.2.1.9 (Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000637 TIGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of rat erythrocytes has no membrane component. ABIn the course of studying mammalian erythrocytes we noted prominent differences in the red cells of the rat. Analysis of ghosts by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that membranes of rat red cells were devoid of band 6 or the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate: NAD+ oxidoreductase (phosphorylating), EC 1.2.1.12). Direct measurements of this enzyme showed that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat erythrocytes was about 25% of that in human cells; all of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat erythrocytes was within the cytoplasm and none was membrane bound; and in the human red cell, about 1/3 of the enzyme activity was within the cytoplasm and 2/3 membrane bound. The release of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from fresh rat erythrocytes immediately following saponin lysis was also determined using the rapid filtration technique recently described. The extrapolated zero-time intercepts of these reactions confirmed that, in the rat erythrocyte, none of the cellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was membrane bound. Failure of rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to bind to the membranes of the intact rat erythrocyte seems to be due to cytoplasmic metabolites which interact with the enzyme and render it incapable of binding to the membrane. AUBallas SK; Kliman HJ; Smith ED EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p142-9 MJGlyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Erythrocyte Membrane /EN; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins /AN; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins /AN; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN9007-43-6 (Cytochrome C) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000638 TIBinding of cyanide to cytochrome c' from Chromatium vinosum. ABSpectroscopic evidence is presented which demonstrates the binding of cyanide to the ferric cytochrome c' from Chromatium vinosum. The cytochrome was shown to bind one equivalent of cyanide with an equilibrium constant of 2.1 X 10(4) at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. This finding represents the first observation of the binding of an anionic ligand to the heme iron in a ferric cytochrome c'. These results suggest that the binding site of the ferric Chromatium cytochrome c' may be significantly more accessible than previously indicated. AUKassner RJ; Kykta MG; Cusanovich MA EM8601 IDAM28188; HL26216 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p155-8 MJChromatium; Cyanides; Cytochrome C MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Spectrophotometry; Temperature MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.5. (Amidohydrolases); EC 3.5.2.3 (Dihydro-Orotase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000639 TIEvidence for a pH-dependent isomerization of Clostridium oroticum dihydroorotase. ABAnalytical gel permeation chromatography on both Sephadex and polyacrylamide columns shows that Clostridium oroticum dihydroorotase (L-5,6-dihydroorotate amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.2.3) undergoes a large decrease in molecular size when the pH is decreased from 8 to 6. The Stokes radius decreases from about 40 A to 36 A. Neither the molecular size nor kinetic properties are dependent on protein concentration. Thus, the decreased molecular size reflects a pH dependent isomerization of the enzyme. AUBidigare RR; Sander EG; Pettigrew DW EM8601 IDCA29568; GM30911 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p159-60 MJAmidohydrolases; Clostridium; Dihydro-Orotase MNChromatography, Gel; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Kinetics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.22.- (cancer procoagulant); 144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 7439-97-6 (Mercury) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000640 TIComparison of properties of cancer procoagulant and human amnion-chorion procoagulant. ABCysteine proteinases that initiate coagulation in the absence of factor VII have been isolated from rabbit V2 carcinoma and from human amnion-chorion. Many of their biochemical properties, including a molecular weight of 68 000 and inhibition by iodoacetamide and mercury, are the same. In the paper we compare the isoelectric point, the amino acid composition and the carbohydrate content of human amnion-chorion procoagulant and cancer procoagulant. With the exception of minor differences in the amino acid composition, attributable in part to differences in species, the two proteins are closely homologous. AUFalanga A; Gordon SG EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p161-5 MJPeptide Peptidohydrolases MNAmino Acids /AN; Iodoacetamide /PD; Isoelectric Point; Mercury /PD; Pregnancy; Rabbits MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000641 TIThe N-terminal amino acid sequence from alpha 1-antitrypsin isolated from liver inclusion bodies. ABThe alpha 1-antitrypsin from the liver of a subject with alpha i-antitrypsin deficiency was purified and subjected to automated Edman degradation. The N-terminal amino acid sequence from position 1 to 12 was identical to that in plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin, type Z. This result precludes that the intrahepatic accumulation of Z alpha 1-antitrypsin is due to a defective removal of a signal peptide. AUJeppsson JO; Eriksson S EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p30-3 MJAlpha 1-Antitrypsin; Cellular Inclusions; Liver MNAmino Acid Sequence; Autoanalysis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoelectrophoresis MTHuman RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.- (proteoglycanase); EC 3.4.23.1 (Pepsin); EC 3.4.23.2 (gelatinase); EC 3.4.24.3 (Clostridiopeptidase A); 9000-70-8 (Gelatin); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000642 TIPurification and characterization of a bone metalloproteinase that degrades gelatin and types IV and V collagen. ABA third metalloendopeptidase activity, gelatinase, has been completely separated from the collagenase and proteoglycanase activities of rabbit bone culture medium. Although the proteinase could not be purified to homogeneity in large amounts, it was possible to obtain accurate molecular weight values and activity after electrophoresis on non-reduced SDS/polyacrylamide gels. The latent form had an Mr of 65 000 which could be activated with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate, APMA, to a form of Mr 61 000; under reducing conditions the latent and active forms had Mr of 72 000 and 65 000, respectively. Trypsin was a very poor activator of the latent enzyme. Gelatinase degraded gelatins derived from the interstitial collagens and it also had low activity on native types IV and V collagen and on insoluble elastin. Gelatinase acted synergistically with collagenase in degrading insoluble interstitial collagen. The specific mammalian tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases inhibited gelatinase by forming a stable inactive complex. Comparison of the properties of gelatinase with those of collagenase and proteoglycanase suggest that the three proteinases form a family which together are capable of degrading all the major macromolecules of connective tissue matrices. AUMurphy G; McAlpine CG; Poll CT; Reynolds JJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p49-58 MJBone and Bones; Collagen; Gelatin; Pepsin MNCations, Divalent /PD; Clostridiopeptidase A /IP; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Molecular Weight; Pepsin /ME; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /IP; Rabbits; Temperature; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.2.1.- (Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.20 (Alpha-Glucosidases); EC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases); 24938-91-8 (emulphogene BC 720) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000643 TIHorse kidney neutral alpha-D-glucosidase: purification of the detergent-solubilized enzyme; comparison with the proteinase-solubilized forms. ABNeutral alpha-D-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) from horse kidney brush-border membranes was solubilized using Emulphogene BC 720 and purified by an affinity chromatography technique. The enzyme preparation (390-fold purified), which was free of other known microvillus hydrolases, exhibited one precipitate line in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several criteria (charge-shift crossed immunoelectrophoresis and hydrophobic chromatography) revealed the purified detergent form of the enzyme to be an amphipathic molecule. The papain treatment of either brush-border membrane vesicles or the purified detergent form of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase released an enzymatic form devoid of these amphipathic properties. Conversely, after trypsin treatment of the ╥d' form of the enzyme, two enzymatic forms were obtained: the first and major form retained these amphipathic properties; the second form exhibiting the same properties as the papain-released form. Furthermore, only a very small amount of neutral alpha-D-glucosidase can be released after trypsin solubilization of brush-border membrane vesicles, and the released enzyme did not exhibit amphipathic properties. These results were interpreted as meaning that the trypsin attack site on the detergent form of the enzyme had either poor affinity for, or obstructed access to, the proteinase when the enzyme was integrated in native membrane or in Triton X-100 micelles, whereas the proteolytic site of the papain was always accessible. AUGiudicelli J; Boudouard M; Delque P ; Vannier C; Sudaka P EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p59-66 MJAlpha-Glucosidases; Glucosidases; Kidney; Peptide Hydrolases; Polyethylene Glycols MNAntigenic Determinants /AN; Chromatography, Gel; Horses; Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional; Kinetics; Microvilli /EN; Solubility MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.6. (Sulfatases); EC 3.1.6.8 (Cerebroside Sulfatase); 138-85-2 (4-hydroxymercuribenzoate); 17781-34-9 (4-hydroxymercuribenzenesulfonate); 2949-92-0 (methyl methanethiosulfonate); 36930-63-9 (1,5-I-AEDANS); 66-27-3 (Methyl Methanesulfonate); 69-78-3 (Dithionitrobenzoic Acid) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000644 TISulfhydryl groups of rabbit liver arylsulfatase A. ABRabbit liver arylsulfatase A (aryl-sulfate sulfhydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1) monomers of 130 kDa contain two free sulfhydryl groups as determined by spectrophotometric titration using 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) and by labeling with the fluorescent probe 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid. Fluorescence quenching data indicate that the reactive sulfhydryl is present in proximity to one or more tryptophan residues. Chemical modification of the sulfhydryl groups does not alter the distinctive pH-dependent aggregation property of the arylsulfatase A. The free sulfhydryls of the enzyme react with numerous sulfhydryl reagents. Based on the reactions of iodoacetic acid, methyl methanethiosulfonate, 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) and 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with the sulfhydryl groups of arylsulfatase A, it is concluded that free sulfhydryls are not essential for the enzyme activity. In contrast, the observed inactivation of the enzyme by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate or p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate is probably due to a modification of a histidine residue, consistent with previous reports that histidine is near the active site of arylsulfatase A. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate and p-hydroxymercuriphenylsulfonate are able to react both with cysteine and with histidine residues of the protein molecule. AUWaheed A; Van Etten RL EM8601 IDGM 22933 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p67-73 MJCerebroside Sulfatase; Liver; Sulfatases; Sulfhydryl Compounds MNChromatography, Gel; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid /PD; Fluorescent Dyes /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxymercuribenzoates /PD; Methyl Methanesulfonate /AA /PD; Naphthalenesulfonates /PD; Phenylmercury Compounds /PD; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 6. (Ligases); EC 6.4.- (glutamyl carboxylase); 0 (des(gamma-carboxy); 81-81-2 (Warfarin); 9001-26-7 (Prothrombin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000647 TIVitamin K-dependent carboxylase: the carboxylation of exogenous substrates in different systems. ABTwo types of solid-phase carboxylase, SPC-II and SPC-X, have been prepared from the livers of warfarin-treated cows. Their enzymatic activities were compared with substrate-free carboxylase in microsomes from normal cows and substrate-bound carboxylase in microsomes from warfarin-treated cows. A number of exogenous substrates for carboxylase have been purified and tested. We found that large substrates, such as descarboxyprothrombin, are carboxylated only by substrate-free carboxylase and not by the substrate-bound enzyme. No differences in apparent Km values between solid-phase carboxylases II and X were observed. AUde Boer-van den Berg MA; Ulrich MM; Hemker HC; Soute BA; Vermeer C EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p94-8 MJLigases; Microsomes, Liver /EN MNCattle; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver /DE; Prothrombin /AA /ME; Warfarin /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.5.3.- (Aminopyrine N-Demethylase); EC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); EC 3.4.99.- (Staphylococcus V-8 protease); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000648 TISeparation of two constitutive forms of cytochrome P-450 active in aminopyrine N-demethylation from rabbit intestinal mucosa microsomes. ABTwo constitutive forms of cytochrome P-450, designated P-450ib and P-450ic, were purified from intestinal mucosa microsomes of untreated rabbits. P-450ib and P-450ic have minimal molecular weights of 56 000 and 49 000, respectively, as determined by calibrated sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The CO-reduced difference spectral maximum of cytochrome P-450ib is at 450 nm and P-450ic is at 451 nm. Both the cytochromes preferentially demethylate aminopyrine, benzphetamine and N,N-dimethylaniline in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Cytochrome P-450ib has absorption maxima at 417, 535 and 573 nm in the oxidized form, indicating that this cytochrome is in a low-spin state. Ouchterlony double-diffusion studies show that cytochrome P-450ib does not cross-react with antisera against liver cytochrome P-450LM2 purified from phenobarbital-treated rabbits, but P-450ic cross-reacts with spur formation. Unlike cytochrome P-450ib, P-450ic is very similar, if not identical, to liver cytochrome P-450LM2 on the basis of its molecular weight, spectral properties, catalytic activities and immunochemical properties. AUIchihara K; Kusunose E; Kaku M; Yamamoto S; Kusunose M EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 20 1985, 831(1) p99-105 MJAminopyrine N-Demethylase; Cytochrome P-450; Intestinal Mucosa; Isoenzymes; Microsomes MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Gel Diffusion Tests; Molecular Weight; Papain /ME; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.1.3. (Nucleotidases); EC 3.1.3.5 (5'-nucleotidase); 288-32-4 (imidazole); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000649 TIInhibition of smooth muscle 5'-nucleotidase by imidazole and its reversal by magnesium. ABImidazole, commonly used as an effective pH-buffering reagent in aqueous media maintained at pH 7-8, was found to depress the 5'-nucleotidase (5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.5) activity of microsomal membrane fraction isolated from rat vas deferens smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner in the absence of added Mg2+. Such an inhibitory effect of imidazole on the smooth muscle 5'-nucleotidase was not dependent upon the purity or integrity of the membrane fractions used and could be fully reversed by the inclusion of 5-10 mM Mg2+ in the assay medium. Of the five different pH-buffering reagents tested, imidazole was specific in exerting inhibitory effect on the 5'-nucleotidase in the absence of Mg2+ and this inhibition could not be accounted for by the impurities present in the imidazole. Differential effects of chelating reagents and other divalent metal ions on the 5'-nucleotidase activity were also observed in imidazole and Tris buffer solutions. The 5'-nucleotidase activity was not affected if the membranes were preincubated and washed with a large volume of 50 mM imidazole and subsequently assayed in 50 mM Tris in the absence of Mg2+. Similar findings were obtained with EDTA treated membrane. These results suggest that imidazole does not act by removal of the activating metal ion but rather interacts directly with 5'-nucleotidase and alters the metal-enzyme interactions. AUKwan CY; Sipos SN EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p167-71 MJImidazoles /PD; Magnesium; Muscle, Smooth; Nucleotidases MNBuffers /PD; Cations, Divalent /PD; Cell Membrane /EN; Chelating Agents /PD; Cytoplasm /EN; Imidazoles /AI; Microsomes /EN; Rats; Vas Deferens /EN MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3.11 (Hexosediphosphatase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000650 TIIsolation and partial characterization of rat muscle fructose bisphosphatase. ABFructose bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) has been isolated in homogeneous form from rat muscle by a simple and convenient procedure, including adsorption on carboxymethylcellulose and substrate elution. The resultant enzyme preparation has a specific activity comparable to that of the enzymes isolated from rabbit liver, rabbit muscle and rat liver. The native relative molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation to be approx. 138 000, and the enzyme appears to be a tetramer containing subunits of Mr approx. 34 500. The amino acid composition is distinctly different from that of the rabbit muscle, rabbit liver and rat liver enzymes. The purified enzyme contains no tryptophan and has a blocked amino terminal. AUvan Tonder A; Terblanche SE; Oelofsen W EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p186-91 MJHexosediphosphatase; Muscles MNAmino Acids /AN; Chemistry; Chromatography, Gel; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Rats; Ultracentrifugation MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.1. (Galactosyltransferases); EC 2.4.1. (Glucosyltransferases); EC 2.4.1.101 (UDPGNAC-alpha-D-mannose beta-2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I); EC 2.4.1.22 (Lactose Synthetase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000651 TIStimulation of bovine milk galactosyltransferase activity by bovine colostrum N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. ABPurified bovine milk galactosyltransferase was stimulated by purified bovine colostrum N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I by more than 10-fold. Only slight stimulation of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I by galactosyltransferase was observed. Heat inactivation destroyed the ability of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I to stimulate the galactosyltransferase. The stimulation of galactosyltransferase was accompanied by a decrease in Km of this enzyme from 9.7 to 3.3. mM and an increase in Vmax from 1.87 to 3.71 nmol galactose transferred/min per mg galactosyltransferase when GlcNAc was the substrate. When the Km for UDPgalactose was determined, it increased from 0.19 to 0.42 mM in the presence of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I and the Vmax increased from 0.66 to 2.76 nmol galactose transferred/min per mg galactosyltransferase. In phosphatidylcholine vesicles, no effect on Km values with GlcNAc as substrate was noted, while an increase in the Km of UDPgalactose was observed. The Vmax values were generally higher in the lipid vesicles. Complex formation between galactosyltransferase and N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I was demonstrated both by glycerol density gradient centrifugation and Bio-Gel P-100 column chromatography. An approximate molecular weight for the complex was obtained on a calibrated Sephadex G-200 column and found to be about 75 000, consistent with a 1:1 complex. The stimulation of galactosyltransferase involved the N-acetyllactosamine synthetase activity of this enzyme and not the lactose synthetase activity, since the latter activity was only slightly affected. Since N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I is not involved in the lactose synthetase reaction, the stimulation is consistent with the known biosynthetic role of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I in the biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. AUMoscarello MA; Mitranic MM; Vella G EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p192-200 MJColostrum; Galactosyltransferases; Glucosyltransferases; Milk MNCattle; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Gel; Enzyme Activation; Kinetics; Lactose Synthetase /ME; Phosphatidylcholines; Protein Binding MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.1 (Hexokinase); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7724-15-4 (2-(4-toluidino); 7786-30-3 (magnesium chloride) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000652 TIA fluorescence study of thermally induced conformational changes in yeast hexokinase. ABFluorescence studies have been performed on yeast hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) as a function of temperature. Observations of both the intrinsic protein fluorescence and the fluorescence of the noncovalently bound apolar probe 2-(p-toluidinyl)naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid under conditions where hexokinase is monomeric, indicate that significant thermal structural transitions occur in the protein over the physiological range of temperature (0 degrees-40 degrees C) and that there are different temperature-dependent forms of the enzyme. Thermal transitions between these forms are affected by the binding of the substrates D-glucose and ATP-Mg. It therefore appears that catalysis connects conformers that differ in stability and the present results are consistent with models in which hexokinase function is linked to changes in the interactions between the domains into which this protein is folded. AUWasylewski Z; Criscimagna NL; Horowitz PM EM8601 IDGM25177 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p201-6 MJHexokinase; Saccharomyces Cerevisiae MNAdenosine Triphosphate; Fluorescent Dyes; Glucose; Heat; Magnesium; Naphthalenesulfonates; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thermodynamics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000653 TIPhysical properties of chicken erythrocyte HMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E. ABHMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E were purified from chicken erythrocyte chromatin without exposure to overt denaturing conditions and subjected to several types of physical measurement. The principal conclusions drawn from the measurements were: none of the proteins has a strong tendency to self-associate, although HMG-1 does weakly self-associate; the frictional properties of HMG-1 and HMG-E (and probably HMG-2) indicate that the proteins deviate significantly from compact, moderately hydrated spheres; and each of the proteins contains approximately 40% helix and little if any beta-pleated sheet. AULand MD; Cox DJ; Manning DR; Reeck GR EM8601 IDGM-29203; GM-22243; CA-17782; + SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p207-12 MJErythrocytes; High Mobility Group Proteins MNCentrifugation, Density Gradient; Chemistry, Physical; Chickens; Circular Dichroism; High Mobility Group Proteins /IP; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); EC 3.1.1.14 (chlorophyllase); 0 (digalactosyldiglycerides); 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000654 TIInactivation of chlorophyllase by negatively charged plant membrane lipids. ABChlorophyllide combines spontaneously not only with phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes but also with various other (plant) lipids dispersed in an aqueous medium. The lipid-associated chlorophyllide is highly fluorescent and the fluorescence yield is virtually independent of the nature of the lipid. Chlorophyllase (chlorophyll chlorophyllidohydrolase, EC 3.1.1.14) activity assays that are based on the determination of this chlorophyllide fluorescence show that phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and also sulphoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), associate with isolated chlorophyllase, thereby inactivating the enzyme in a co-operative way. The extent of this inactivation depends on the pH and ionic strength of the reaction medium and can be completely reversed by divalent cations (Mg2+). The inhibition of chlorophyllase effected by free PG liposomes can be counteracted by electrically neutral lipids at relatively high concentration (PC and also chloroplast lipids). Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) is not effective in this respect. When PG has been incorporated in PC or DGDG liposomes, its ability to inhibit chlorophyllase activity is reduced. Whereas the remaining chlorophyllase-inactivating effect of PG, incorporated in PC, can still be reversed by Mg2+, this is not found when enzyme inactivation is caused by PG incorporated in DGDG. The results reported here are consistent with those obtained earlier concerning the stabilization of chlorophyllase by PG and PG/galactolipid mixtures (Lambers, J.W.J., Verkleij, A.J. and Terpstra, W. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 786, 1-8). They are discussed in terms of the regulation of chlorophyllase activity by lipids surrounding the enzyme and by divalent cations. AULambers JW; Terpstra W EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p225-35 MJCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Membrane Lipids; Plants MNChlorophyllides /AN; Chlorophyll /AN; Chloroplasts /ME; Electrochemistry; Glycolipids /ME; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liposomes /ME; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphatidylcholines /ME; Phosphatidylglycerols /ME; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin); 0 (ovomacroglobulin); 74-89-5 (methylamine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000655 TIStructural changes in alpha-2- and ovomacroglobulins studied by gel chromatography and electron microscopy. ABThe structural change that occurs in alpha-2-macroglobulin upon its interaction with methylamine or chymotrypsin was studied by high-performance gel chromatography and electron microscopy. The result enabled us to estimate the Stokes radius of the protein as 8.8 nm and 7.9 nm before and after binding with the proteinase, respectively. The methylamine-treated protein also had the Stokes radius of 7.9 nm. Similar studies on the chicken and crocodilian ovomacroglobulins showed that these homologues of alpha 2-macroglobulin had Stokes radii of 9.2-9.3 nm and 8.5-8.7 nm before and after binding with chymotrypsin. Their Stokes radii did not change as a result of the methylamine treatment. Electron micrographs of the native and altered forms of the three proteins are presented. This study introduces a simple and quantitative method to study the structural change of alpha 2-macroglobulin and its homologues. AUNishigai M; Osada T; Ikai A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p236-41 MJAlpha Macroglobulins; Macroglobulins MNAlligators and Crocodiles; Chickens; Chromatography, Gel /MT; Chymotrypsin; Methylamines; Microscopy, Electron; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000656 TIMicrocalorimetric studies of the heats of solution of bovine myelin basic protein. ABHeats of solution for myelin basic protein have been determined using microcalorimetry. All aqueous systems studied yielded negative heats of solution; in contrast, trifluoroethanol produced a small positive heat of solution, while reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide was strikingly exothermic. The heat of interaction for native myelin basic protein with 8 M urea at pH 4.0, 29 degrees C, was found to be -79 +/- 16 kcal/mol. The significance of these results in terms of the protein's structural organization is discussed. AURandall CS; Zand R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p242-8 MJEncephalitogenic Basic Proteins MNCalorimetry, Differential Scanning; Calorimetry /MT; Cattle; Mathematics; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation /DE; Thermodynamics; Urea /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 3.1. (Esterases); EC 3.4.21.1 (Chymotrypsin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000657 TIActive forms of chymotrypsin C isolated from autolyzed porcine pancreas glands. ABFour active forms of chymotrypsin C (C1, C2A, C2B, and C3) were isolated from the autolyzed porcine pancreas glands. Their molecular weights were estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 29 100 for C1, 26 300 for C2A and C3, and 25 500 for C2B. The kinetic analyses of esterase activity of the enzymes toward Ac-LLeu-OEt and Ac-LPhe-OEt showed that chymotrypsin C1 hydrolyzed the two substrates more efficiently than did chymotrypsin C3. Chymotrypsin C1 consisted of chain A (H-Cys-...-Asn-OH, Mr 886) and chain BC (H-Val-...-Lys-OH, Mr 28 200). Chymotrypsin C3 consisted of the two components of C3L and C3S that could be dissociated in the presence of 2.3% SDS. C3L consisted of the chain A and the chain C (H-Ser-...-Lys-OH, Mr 13 600). C3S was the chain B (H-Val-...-Lys-OH, Mr 11 800). These kinetic and chemical analyses show that chymotrypsins C1 and C3 correspond to chymotrypsin A delta and A alpha, respectively. AUIio-Akama K; Sasamoto H; Miyazawa K; Miura S; Tobita T EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 4 1985, 831(2) p249-56 MJChymotrypsin; Isoenzymes; Pancreas MNAmino Acids /AN; Chemistry; Chymotrypsin /ME; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Esterases /ME; Isoenzymes /ME; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Swine MTAnimal RNEC 2.3.1.43 (Lecithin Acyltransferase); 0 (apolipoprotein A-IV); 0 (apolipoprotein E-3); 0 (apolipoprotein E-4) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000659 TIActivation of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase by apolipoproteins E-2, E-3, and A-IV isolated from human plasma. ABApolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E-2 and apolipoprotein E-3 were individually incorporated into defined phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes for study of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activation. Enzyme activities obtained with these liposomes were compared with that from liposomes containing purified apolipoprotein A-I. Apolipoprotein A-IV, apolipoprotein E-2, and apolipoprotein E-3 all activated lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. With purified enzyme and with egg yolk phosphatidylcholine as the acyl donor, maximal activation was obtained at a concentration of approximately 0.5 nmol for apolipoprotein A-IV and 0.4 nmol for the apolipoprotein E isoforms. Apolipoprotein A-IV was approximately 25% as efficient as apolipoprotein A-I for the activation of purified enzyme; apolipoprotein E-2 was 40% as efficient, and apolipoprotein E-3, 30%. Similar activation results were obtained using plasma as the enzyme source. Analysis of the plasma of patients with absence of apolipoprotein A-I or with only trace amounts of apolipoprotein A-I exhibited a reduced rate of cholesterol esterification and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity that was proportional to the reduced level of the enzyme's mass. These results indicate that apolipoprotein A-IV and apolipoprotein E may serve as physiological cofactors for the enzyme reaction. AUChen CH; Albers JJ EM8601 IDHL 30086 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p279-85 MJApolipoproteins; Lecithin Acyltransferase MNApolipoproteins A /BL; Apolipoproteins E /BL; Apolipoproteins /PD; Enzyme Activation; Kinetics; Phosphatidylcholines MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.34 (Lipoprotein Lipase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000660 TIMonoclonal antibodies to avian lipoprotein lipase. Purification of the enzyme by immunoaffinity chromatography. ABThree monoclonal antibodies to avian lipoprotein lipase have been isolated by fusing spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice with myeloma P3X-63 Ag 8. The antibodies were detected by their ability to bind immobilized lipoprotein lipase in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by immunoprecipitation of purified enzyme in the presence of second (rabbit anti-mouse) antibodies. Two of these antibodies, CAL1-7 and CAL1-11, inhibited catalytic activity, whereas with CAL1-2 interaction with lipoprotein lipase could be demonstrated only in ELISA and in Western blot assays following denaturation of the enzyme with sodium dodecyl sulfate. An immunoadsorbent column was prepared by coupling immunopurified CAL1-11 to Sepharose-4B. When acetone powder extracts of adipose tissue were applied on the column, 70% of the catalytic activity bound to the matrix. Effective elution was achieved with 1.8 M NaCl, 40% glycerol, 5% acetone, 20 mM Chaps (3[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate), 0.5 mM EDTA, 1 mM phosphate (pH 6.5). After concentration of the active fractions on a heparin-Sepharose 4B column, the purified enzyme was obtained with an overall recovery of 25%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates that the preparation is homogeneous with a major band at Mr 60900. Thus, avian adipose lipoprotein lipase has been purified by a one-step immunoaffinity followed by a concentrating step on heparin-Sepharose 4B. AUGershenwald JE; Bensadoun A; Saluja A EM8601 IDHL-14990; HL-24873 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p286-95 MJLipoprotein Lipase /IP MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Birds; Chromatography, Affinity /MT; Kinetics; Lipoprotein Lipase /IM /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000661 TIMacrophage interaction with very-low-density lipoproteins results in triacylglycerol-enriched smooth muscle cells. ABMacrophage-conditioned medium containing very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and its effects on smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol metabolism was investigated. Macrophages exposed to VLDL from normolipemic rats accumulated high levels of intracellular triacylglycerol, while similarly treated smooth muscle cells showed only slight changes. Medium, initially composed of VLDL and albumin, contained substantial levels of free fatty acids after exposure to macrophages. In the presence of albumin, the loss of VLDL triacylglycerol from the medium and the appearance of medium free fatty acids was consistent with a precursor-product relationship. The extent of medium fatty acid accumulation was dependent on the length of time of incubation with macrophages and was proportional to the concentration of VLDL and albumin added to the culture dish. This macrophage-conditioned medium, when given to smooth muscle cells, promoted a 6-12-fold increase in smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol levels over that produced by fresh VLDL and albumin. Similar increases in cell triacylglycerol levels could be produced using fresh medium approximating the oleate concentration and the fatty acid to albumin molar ratios found in macrophage-conditioned medium. In macrophage-conditioned medium with VLDL but without albumin, little free fatty acid was found. Other factors produced by macrophages did not seem to affect the metabolism of VLDL by smooth muscle cells since, in the absence of albumin, media with VLDL caused comparable responses in smooth muscle cell triacylglycerol accumulation whether or not the medium was previously exposed to macrophages. Thus, the minor changes in triacylglycerol content in smooth muscle cells promoted by medium containing VLDL and albumin were substantially enhanced by a prior exposure of the medium to macrophages, primarily due to the free fatty acids present in the macrophage-conditioned medium. AUBergstraesser LM; Bates SR EM8601 IDHL-27005; HL-15062 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p296-305 MJAorta, Thoracic; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Macrophages; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Triglycerides MNCells, Cultured; Culture Media; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Kinetics; Macaca mulatta; Mice MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000662 TIThe time-course of lipid biosynthesis in horse skin. ABTo observe the time-course of formation of sebaceous lipids in the horse, skin was pulse-labelled in vivo by intradermal injection of [1-14C]acetate and the injection sites were harvested at intervals for up to 12 days by skin punch biopsy. The distribution of radioactivity among the major neutral lipid classes and the phospholipids from these biopsies showed that, soon after pulse-labelling, the phospholipids were highly labelled followed by a long-term decrease in radioactivity. Over the same period, the low initial labelling of the dominant component, the equolides (giant ring omega-lactones, C32-C36), was followed by a long-term increase in radioactivity. This suggests a post-pulse transferance of radioactivity from the phospholipids to the equolides, presumably in the fatty acids. Of the phospholipid fatty acids from horse dermis, including sebaceous glands, 33% were found to contain iso-branched structures unique to horse sebaceous lipids. Of the iso-branched fatty acids, 40% were delta 9-18:1 and delta 9- and delta 11-20:1 acids, which are structurally appropriate to be precursors for the monounsaturated equolides. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the sebaceous phospholipids of horse skin serve as long-term lipid intermediates in the biosynthesis of the equolides during sebaceous cell development. AUColton SW 6th; Downing DT EM8601 IDAM22083 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p306-11 MJLipids; Skin /ME MNAcetates /ME; Biopsy; Carbon Radioisotopes; Horses; Kinetics; Skin /CY; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000663 TISecretion of phospholipase A1 by bone marrow-derived macrophages. ABBone marrow-derived macrophages contain phospholipase activity of the A1 and A2 types, active at acid or neutral pH and with different specificities for the fatty acid to be liberated. In contrast to this variety, only one single phospholipase could be detected in extracellular fluids of these cells. Surprisingly, this phospholipase was of the A1 type and active at about pH 8. It exhibited a restricted substrate specificity in that, of the various substrates tested, only phosphatidylcholine containing palmitic acid in position 2 was degraded. This total restriction was not detected with phosphatidylethanolamine substrates. In addition to phospholipase A1, extracellular fluids exhibited lipase activity. A modulation of enzyme secretion could not be achieved by lymphokines or phorbol esters. However, release could be blocked by treating cells with cycloheximide (5 micrograms/ml) or tunicamycin (0.5 micrograms/ml). Phospholipase A1 was also released by thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages. AUSchmidt B; Hansen K; Ferber E EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p312-20 MJBone Marrow; Macrophages; Phospholipases A /SE; Phospholipases MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Kinetics; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Phospholipases A /ME; Substrate Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN150-97-0 (Mevalonic Acid); 503-48-0 (mevalonolactone); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000664 TIThe availability of different sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis by cultured chick embryo hepatocytes. ABThe availability of different sources of cholesterol for bile acid synthesis by cultured chick embryo hepatocytes was studied. Mevalonolactone was taken up by the cells and converted to cholesterol, cholesterol ester and tauroconjugates of bile acids. The addition of mevalonolactone had little effect on the conversion of endogenous cholesterol to taurocholic acid; however, taurochenodeoxycholic acid synthesis was stimulated. 25-30% of the cholesterol synthesized from mevalonolactone was converted to taurochenodeoxycholic, taurocholic and two so-far unidentified bile acids. All bile acids were secreted into the incubation medium. When cholesterol was added as mixed liposomes with phosphatidylcholine, it was taken up by the cells and converted to bile acids. At low concentrations of liposomes, the greater part of the cholesterol which was taken up by the cells was converted to bile acids. At higher concentrations, considerable amounts of cholesterol and cholesterol ester accumulated inside the cells. When mevalonolactone and cholesterol liposomes was added together, both substrates were used simultaneously for bile acids synthesis. HDL cholesterol was the best substrate tested, yielding large amounts of two, so-far, unidentified bile acids (possibly allo-bile acids) and smaller amounts of taurocholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. Addition of HDL suppressed the conversion of endogenous cholesterol to taurocholic acid; taurochenodeoxycholic acid synthesis, however, was stimulated. AUHerscovitz H; Tietz A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p321-34 MJBile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol; Liver MNAcetates /ME; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Kinetics; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /ME; Liposomes; Mevalonic Acid /AA /ME; Phosphatidylcholines MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000666 TIThe sites of degradation of purified rat low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein in the rat. ABLow density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein were isolated from rat serum by sequential ultracentrifugation in the density intervals 1.025-1.050 g/ml and 1.125-1.21 g/ml, respectively. The isolated lipoproteins were radioiodinated using ICl. Low density lipoprotein was further purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. 95% of the purified low density lipoprotein radioactivity was precipitable by tetramethylurea, while only 4% was associated with lipids. The radioiodinated high density lipoprotein was incubated for 1 h at 4 degrees C with unlabelled very low density lipoprotein, followed by reisolation by sequential ultracentrifugation. Only 3% of the radioactivity was associated with lipids and 90% was present on apolipoprotein A-I. The serum decay curves of labelled and subsequently purified rat low and high density lipoprotein, measured over a period of 28 h, clearly exhibited more than one component, in contrast to the monoexponential decay curves of iodinated human low density lipoprotein. The decay curves were not affected by the methods used to purify the LDL and HDL preparations. The catabolic sites of the labelled rat lipoproteins were analyzed in vivo using leupeptin-treated rats. In vivo treatment of rats with leupeptin did not affect the rate of disappearance from serum of intravenously injected labelled rat low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. Leupeptin-dependent accumulation of radioiodine occurred almost exclusively in the liver after intravenous injection of iodinated low density lipoprotein, while both the liver and the kidneys showed leupeptin-dependent accumulation of radioactivity after injection of iodinated high density lipoprotein. AUvan't Hooft FM; van Tol A EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p344-53 MJLipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, LDL MNChromatography, Affinity; Iodine Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Lipoproteins, HDL /IP; Lipoproteins, LDL /IP; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1191-85-1 (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid); 1553-41-9 (5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000667 TIEffect of culture in vitro with eicosatetraenoic (20:4(n-6) ) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5(n-3) ) acids on fatty acid composition, prostaglandin synthesis and chemiluminescence of rat peritoneal macrophages. ABRat peritoneal macrophages were cultured in either eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4(n-6) ) or eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5(n-3) ) and the effects on phospholipid fatty acids, prostaglandin synthesizing capacity and the ability of the macrophages to show chemiluminescence were examined. Chemiluminescence is an activity resulting from the synthesis of reactive oxygen species. It has been reported that prostaglandins inhibit this activity. The fatty acid profile of the four major phospholipids reflected the fatty acid component of the medium. Macrophages cultured in 20:4(n-6) synthesized twice the prostaglandin produced by controls and those cultured in 20:5(n-3) synthesized 10% that of controls and 5% that of 20:4(n-6)-cultured cells. Macrophages cultured with 20:4(n-6) for 12 h showed half the chemiluminescence of those cultured with 20:5(n-3), while those cultured with 20:4(n-6) for 24 h showed 10% the chemiluminescence of 20:5(n-3)-cultured cells. Addition of the prostaglandin synthase inhibitor, indomethacin, had no effect on chemiluminescence. AUMagrum LJ; Johnston PV EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p354-60 MJ5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid; 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Fatty Acids; Macrophages /ME; Prostaglandins MNCells, Cultured; Culture Media; Luminescence; Macrophages /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000668 TIOpsonized bacteria stimulate leukotriene synthesis in human leukocytes. ABIncubation of human leukocytes with opsonized bacteria led to leukotriene formation. The main products identified were leukotriene B4, 20-OH leukotriene B4 and 20-COOH leukotriene B4. A lesser amount of leukotriene C4 was formed. In contrast, only minor amounts of leukotrienes were formed by leukocytes challenged with uncoated bacteria. However, both opsonized and unopsonized bacteria stimulated the synthesis of 5S,12S-DHETE and 5S,12S,20-THETE. Opsonized bacteria caused a transient elevation of leukotriene B4 levels, with a maximum after 5 min. After 20 min of incubation the levels of 20-OH leukotriene B4, and 20-COOH leukotriene B4 were 7- and 20-times higher than those of leukotriene B4, showing that the leukocytes effectively degrade leukotriene B4 via omega-oxidation. In the light of the profound biological effects of leukotrienes, the present report indicates that leukotriene formation induced by opsonized bacteria might be important in the host defense against microorganisms. AUClaesson HE; Lindgren JA; Gustafsson B EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p361-7 MJLeukocytes; Leukotrienes B /BL MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Leukotrienes B /BI /IP; Proteus Vulgaris; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 83-45-4 (stigmastanol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000669 TIThe presence of 5 alpha-sitostanol in the serum of a patient with phytosterolemia, and its biosynthesis from plant steroids in rats with bile fistula. ABThe presence of 5 alpha-sitostanol (24-ethyl-5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol) in serum of a patient with the rare genetic disease phytosterolemia was confirmed. This study aimed at clarifying the pathway(s) for the formation of 5 alpha-sitostanol, by use of rats with bile fistula. 5 alpha-Sitostanol was formed only slowly from sitosterol, but readily from 24-ethyl-4-cholesten-3-one. Some conversion was also obtained with 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol as precursor. In view of the low rate of 7 alpha-hydroxylation of sitosterol, however, a pathway from sitosterol to 5 alpha-sitostanol involving 7 alpha-hydroxysitosterol as intermediate is probably of small physiological importance. Intestinal microorganisms are not essential for the above conversions, since the 5 alpha-sitostanol was found in bile from bile fistula rats. 5 alpha-Sitostanol was converted to water soluble metabolites (bile acids) much more slowly than was cholestanol (5 alpha-cholestan-3 beta-ol), and was accumulated serum to a much larger extent. AUSkrede B; Bjorkhem I ; Bergesen O; Kayden HJ; Skrede S EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p368-75 MJBiliary Fistula; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Sitosterols /BL MNAdolescence; Bile /ME; Carbon Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Plants; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sitosterols /BI; Spectrum Analysis, Mass; Steroids /ME; Tritium MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.1.43 (Lecithin Acyltransferase); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000670 TITriacylglycerol increase in plasma very low density lipoproteins in cyclophosphamide-treated rabbit: relationship with cholesteryl ester transfer activity. ABWe have studied the cholesteryl ester transfer between HDL and VLDL in cyclophosphamide-treated rabbits, in order to explain the abnormal cholesteryl ester partition between these two lipoprotein classes. The hypertriglyceridemia caused by treatment with the drug was associated with cholesteryl ester- and triacylglycerol-rich VLDL and with HDL poor in esterified cholesterol but relatively enriched in triacylglycerol. These two lipoprotein classes were characterized by their chemical composition and by gel filtration chromatography. VLDL particles were slightly larger in size, compared with controls. Different transfer combinations were envisaged between these abnormal lipoproteins and control ones. The transfer study involved the plasma fraction of d greater than 1.21 g/ml containing the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). It appeared that the chemical composition of lipoproteins was responsible for the level of cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins. Actually, when the cholesteryl ester acceptor lipoproteins (VLDL) were enriched in triacylglycerol, the transfer was enhanced. Therefore, the effect of lipolysis on the transfer has also been explored. Lipoprotein lipase seemed to enhance the transfer of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL when these lipoproteins were normal, but an important decline was obtained when triacylglycerol-rich VLDL were lipolyzed. This study defines the relationship between lipoprotein chemical composition and transfer activity of cholesteryl ester from HDL to VLDL. AULoudet AM; Dousset N; Perret B; Ierides M; Carton M; Douste-Blazy L EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p376-84 MJCholesterol Esters; Cyclophosphamide; Lipoproteins, HDL; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Triglycerides MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Kinetics; Lecithin Acyltransferase /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000671 TICholesterol can stimulate secretion of apolipoprotein B by cultured human hepatocytes. ABDuring a 5 day cultivation of human hepatocytes in a primary culture the secretion of apolipoprotein B was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Density-gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated that the majority of the secreted apolipoprotein B was associated with the very-low-density lipoprotein fraction. Exposure of the cells to cholesterol (5-100 micrograms/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in apolipoprotein B secretion rate. AUKosykh VA; Preobrazhensky SN; Fuki IV; Zaikina OE; Tsibulsky VP; Repin VS; Smirnov VN EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p385-9 MJApolipoproteins B; Cholesterol; Liver /SE MNAdult; Cells, Cultured; Child, Preschool; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Infant; Kinetics; Liver /CY /DE MTHuman RN8001-22-7 (soybean oil) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000672 TIEffect of age on the modification of rat plasma lipids by fish and soybean oil diets. ABThe effects of sardine and soybean oils on plasma lipids have been studied in young and aged rats. Plasma cholesterol and bile acids of aged rats fed on a sardine oil diet decreased to a greater degree than those of young rats. Cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids of the soybean oil diet group decreased only in aged rats. Increases in plasma eicosapentaenoic (sardine) and linoleic (soybean) acid levels of aged rats were observed to be greater than those of young rats. These results indicate that the age enhances the effects of fish and soybean oils on plasma lipids by suppressing their characteristic fatty acid metabolism. AUSuzuki H; Hayakawa S; Tamura S; Wada S; Wada O EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p390-3 MJDietary Fats; Fish Oils; Lipids; Oils MNAging; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Soybeans MTAnimal; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000673 TIAge-associated changes in rat plasma lipids, platelet fatty acids and prostacyclin release. ABThe effect of age on plasma lipids, platelet fatty acids and prostacyclin release was studied in the rat. The contents of arachidonic acid, cholesterol, bile acids and free fatty acids in the plasma of aged rats (15 months old) were higher than those of young rats (3 months old). No significant differences in fatty acid composition of platelet lipids and release of prostacyclin from aortas between young and aged rats were observed. The data suggest that plasma lipids may play a more important role in the development of cardiovascular disease with increasing age than prostaglandins do. AUSuzuki H; Kobayashi T; Hayakawa S; Wada O EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Oct 2 1985, 836(3) p394-6 MJBlood Platelets; Fatty Acids; Lipids; Prostaglandins X MNAging; Bile Acids and Salts /BL; Blood Platelets /SE; Cholesterol /BL; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /BL; Phospholipids /BL; Prostaglandins X /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Triglycerides /BL MTAnimal; Male RN50-76-0 (Dactinomycin); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000674 TIAndrogen receptor dynamics in the rat ventral prostate. ABUpon testosterone administration, a dose-dependent cytosolic depletion and nuclear accumulation of androgen receptors in the ventral prostate of 1-day-castrated male rats is observed. Replenishment in the cytosol is rapid with a return to control levels 3 h after testosterone stimulation. The process of nuclear retention (as measured 4-6 h post-injection) is both dose-dependent and time-dependent (there is no retention of the androgen receptor 15 h after testosterone). When assayed 1 h after testosterone, the increase in nuclear binding sites was not sufficient to conclude that the disappearance of cytosolic binding sites could be accounted for by translocation of cytosolic receptors to the nucleus. The cytosolic compartment contained more than 70% of the total cellular receptors whether testosterone was present (in the range 50-400 micrograms/100 g body wt.) or not. Nuclear processing of androgen receptors is extensive and it is dose-dependent. Turnover of prostatic androgen receptors was studied simultaneously in the cytosolic, microsomal and nuclear compartments 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after testosterone administration. Cytosolic and microsomal depletion-replenishment patterns are similar, displaying a nadir after 1 h and a full replenishment 3-4 h post-testosterone. Cycloheximide, but not actinomycin D, inhibits cytosolic and microsomal replenishment. Nuclear accumulation and retention of androgen receptors is insensitive to both drugs. The very rapid and RNA synthesis-independent turnover of androgen receptors in the ventral prostate suggests that testosterone regulates the receptor levels acutely by both a rapid post-transcriptional positive action and a similarly rapid negative effect on nuclear receptor half-life. AUSteinsapir J; Evans AC Jr; Bryhan M; Muldoon TG EM8601 IDAM32046 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p1-11 MJProstate; Receptors, Androgen; Testosterone MNCell Nucleus /ME; Cycloheximide /PD; Cytosol /ME; Dactinomycin /PD; Kinetics; Microsomes /ME; Proteins /BI; RNA /BI; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11002-13-4 (Angiotensinogen); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000675 TIImmunochemical studies on biosynthesis of rat plasma angiotensinogen and its regulation by cortisol. ABGlucocorticosteroid hormones increase the level of rat plasma angiotensinogen by increasing its rate of synthesis. Two forms of plasma angiotensinogen have been purified differing with respect to molecular weight and affinity to concanavalin A. Immunochemical studies using antibodies raised against the separated forms of angiotensinogen revealed cross-reactivity with both antigens. Both antibodies were able to quantitatively precipitate the angiotensinogen activity present in rat serum samples. Cortisol increased the total amount of plasma renin substrate without changing the relative amounts of both angiotensinogen forms. mRNA coding for plasma angiotensinogen was determined by in vitro translation of poly(A)-containing RNA and immunochemical analysis of translation products. Angiotensinogen mRNA could be detected in total poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from rat liver, but not in mRNA isolated from brain, although angiotensinogen has been reported to be present in the latter organ. The level of hepatic mRNA coding for plasma angiotensinogen was high in rats treated with cortisol, but not detectable in animals depleted from endogenous glucocorticosteroids by bilateral adrenalectomy. AUVoigt J; Koster H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p100-7 MJAngiotensinogen; Angiotensins; Hydrocortisone MNAngiotensinogen /BL /IM; Antibody Specificity; Cloning, Molecular; Liver /ME; Molecular Weight; RNA, Messenger /GE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Translation, Genetic MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (mannose receptor); 25895-60-7 (sodium cyanoborohydride); 7790-28-5 (sodium metaperiodate); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000676 TIModification of the carbohydrate in ricin with metaperiodate and cyanoborohydride mixtures: effect on binding, uptake and toxicity to parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells of rat liver. ABThe carbohydrate in the toxic glycoprotein ricin was chemically modified by simultaneous treatment with sodium metaperiodate and sodium cyanoborohydride. This treatment causes oxidative cleavage of the sugar residues and reduction of the aldehyde groups which are formed to primary alcohols. The modification markedly decreased the rapid removal of ricin from the blood by hepatic non-parenchymal cells with only a relatively small increase in accumulation of the toxin by parenchymal cells. Binding, uptake and toxicity of the modified ricin in primary monolayer cultures of hepatic non-parenchymal cells were all decreased to a much greater extent than in parenchymal cells. The results indicate that native ricin binds to non-parenchymal cells by a dual recognition process which involves both interaction of cell receptors with the mannose-containing oligosaccharides of the toxin and binding of ricin to galactose-containing glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cells. However, uptake and toxicity of native ricin in non-parenchymal cells appears to result principally from entry of the toxin through the mannose recognition pathway. By contrast, uptake and toxicity of the expressed essentially through the galactose-recognition route. AUSkilleter DN; Price RJ; Thorpe PE EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p12-21 MJLiver /ME; Ricin MNBiological Transport; Borohydrides; Carbohydrates; Chemistry; Liver /CY; Periodic Acids; Proteins /BI; Rats; Receptors, Immunologic /ME; Ricin /ME /TO; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); EC 1.11.1.- (Lactoperoxidase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000677 TIThe transformation of chlorophenols by lactoperoxidase. ABThe lactoperoxidase-catalyzed transformations of penta-,2,3,4,6-tetra-, 2,4,6-tri-, 2,4-di- and 4-monochlorophenol were followed spectrophotometrically. Apparent stoichiometries of chlorophenol:H2O2 ranged from 1:1 for the tri- and tetrachlorophenol at pH7 to 5:2 for pentachlorophenol at pH 4. The initial velocity (v0) was only slightly influenced by changes in [H2O2] greater then 5 microns. v0 responded to [chlorophenol] according to the empirical expression v0=[lactoperoxidase] . (k1[chlorophenol] + k2[chlorophenol]2). The constant k1 was trichlorophenol, respectively, at pH 7. With the di- and monochlorophenol the solution soon became opaque, and the reaction ceased. The results show that more than one reaction occurs. Some comparisons were also made with horseradish peroxidase A and C. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide prevented opaqueness, but was shown to be a substrate for lactoperoxidase. Assuming an average concentration of 0.1 microns for H2O2 and pentachlorophenol in man, the metabolic rate becomes 30 ng/h per g of peroxidase-containing tissue, possibly with deposition of the products. AUOberg LG; Paul KG EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p30-8 MJChlorophenols; Lactoperoxidase; Peroxidases MNBiotransformation; Horseradish Peroxidase /ME; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction; Spectrum Analysis; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (lipopeptidophosphoglycan) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000678 TIComparative compositions of cell surface glycoconjugates isolated from Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. ABCell surface glycoconjugates of epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi have been isolated and analyzed to give their amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. Those which have been investigated are a complex of three closely associated glycoproteins, GP24, GP31, GP37, and a lipopeptidophosphoglycan. The GP24-GP31-GP37 complex has an unusual amino acid composition with very low levels of hydrophobic amino acids, it contains 56% (w/w) carbohydrate, with mannose, galactose and glucosamine (presumably N-acetyl) being present in approximately equal quantities. The lipopeptidophosphoglycan also has low levels of hydrophobic amino acids and contains equal levels of mannose and galactose together with lesser amounts of (N-acetyl) glucosamine. The glycoconjugates are contrasted and compared with two other previously characterised cell surface glycoproteins (GP25 and GP72) from T. cruzi. AUFerguson MA; Snary D; Allen AK EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p39-44 MJGlycoproteins; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Trypanosoma Cruzi MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Macromolecular Systems /AN; Molecular Weight; Trypanosoma Cruzi /GD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.- (complement 1 q); EC 3.- (Complement Activating Enzymes); 1074-12-0 (Phenylglyoxal); 7004-12-8 (Arginine); 765-87-7 (1,2-cyclohexanedione) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000679 TIEvidence for arginine residues in the immunoglobulin-binding sites of human Clq. ABThe immune complex binding activity of human Clq was lost following treatment of the protein with the arginine-selective reagents cyclohexane 1,2-dione and phenylglyoxal. Both inactivations followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The affinity of Clq for immune complexes was reduced 7-fold following cyclohexane-1,2-dione treatment, and could be substantially restored by treatment of the modified protein with hydroxylamine. Heat-aggregated IgG protected Clq against inactivation by both reagents. Incorporation of 25 molecules of [7-14C]phenylglyoxal per Clq molecule completely inactivated the protein. These data are consistent with the presence of arginyl residues in the immunoglobulin recognition sites of human Clq. AUComis A; Easterbrook-Smith SB EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p45-51 MJAntigen-Antibody Complex; Arginine /ME; Complement Activating Enzymes /ME MNArginine /AI; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Buffers; Complement Activating Enzymes /AI; Cyclohexanones /DU /PD; Kinetics; Phenylglyoxal /DU /PD MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.5.1 (Phosphoglucomutase) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000680 TIInhibition of phosphoglucomutase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. ABFructose 2,6-bisphosphate inhibits phosphoglucomutase. The inhibition is mixed with respect to glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and non-competitive with respect to glucose 1-phosphate. In contrast with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate, which also possess inhibitory effect, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate does not phosphorylate phosphoglucomutase. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate preparations contain contaminants which can explain artefactual results previously reported. AUBartrons R; Carreras M; Climent F; Carreras J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p52-5 MJFructosediphosphates; Hexosediphosphates; Phosphoglucomutase MNDiphosphoglyceric Acids /PD; Glucosephosphates /PD; Kinetics; Muscles /EN; Rabbits; Structure-Activity Relationship MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.5.1 (Phosphoglucomutase); EC 3.1.3. (Phosphomonoesterases); EC 3.1.3.13 (bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase); 13760-29-7 (Tetrathionic Acid); 820-11-1 (3-phosphoglycerate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000681 TIPurification of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase-phosphatase from pig skeletal muscle. ABTwo enzymes which possess 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphatase and phosphoglycerate mutase activities have been purified from pig skeletal muscle. One of the enzymes corresponds to type M phosphoglycerate mutase. The other enzyme shows properties similar to those of the 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate synthase-phosphatase present in mammalian erythrocytes. The erythrocyte and the muscle enzyme possess the same molecular (56 000) and subunit (27 000) weights. The synthase, phosphatase and mutase activity ratio is similar in both enzymes, and they are affected by the same inhibitor (glycerate 3-P) and activators (glycolate 2-P, pyrophosphate, sulfite and bisulfite). AUPons G; Carreras J EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p56-61 MJPhosphoglucomutase; Phosphomonoesterases MNEnzyme Activation; Glyceric Acids /PD; Macromolecular Systems; Molecular Weight; Muscles /EN; Sulfites /PD; Swine; Tetrathionic Acid /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.22.- (thiol proteinases); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 66701-25-5 (E-64); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000682 TIEffect of calcium on protein composition of human platelet cytoskeletons. ABTriton X-100 residues (cytoskeletons) of human platelets were prepared in the presence of various concentrations of free calcium (Ca2+), and the polypeptide composition and ATPase activity were examined. Triton residues prepared in the presence of Ca2+ concentrations below 2 X 10(-7) M were composed primarily of polypeptides with an apparent molecular mass of 43 (actin), 105 (alpha-actinin-like protein) and 250 (actin-binding protein) kDa and showed low K+-EDTA-ATPase activity. When Triton residues were prepared at Ca2+ above 5 X 10(-7) M, a 200 kDa polypeptide (myosin heavy chain) and K+-EDTA-ATPase activity increased markedly, but actin-binding protein and alpha-actinin-like protein decreased. When N-(N-(L-3-trans-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl)agmatine, an inhibitor for Ca2+-dependent proteinase, was added to Triton lysis buffer containing high Ca2+, polypeptides of 250, 235 and 105 kDa remained associated with the residues. Under electron microscopic analysis, the treatment of platelets with Triton X-100 at low Ca2+ showed a network of microfilaments. When platelets were treated with high Ca2+, the microfilaments were disrupted and a few thick filaments and many granules appeared. However, when the inhibitor for Ca2+-proteinase was included in Triton lysis buffer, the microfilaments remained intact. These results suggested that an increase in Ca2+ concentration to more than 5 X 10(-7) M not only makes myosin associate with cytoskeletons but also regulates the organization of filamentous structures. AUYoshida K; Kimura H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p62-9 MJBlood Platelets; Calcium; Cytoskeletal Proteins; Cytoskeleton MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Cytoskeleton /UL; Leucine /AA /PD; Peptide Peptidohydrolases /AI; Polyethylene Glycols /DU MTHuman RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000683 TIThe influence of caldesmon on ATPase activity of the skeletal muscle actomyosin and bundling of actin filaments. ABChicken gizzard caldesmon causes up to 40% inhibition of Mg2+-ATPase activity of rabbit skeletal muscle actomyosin. In the presence of chicken gizzard tropomyosin this inhibition is significantly increased, reaching a maximum (around 80%) at a molar ratio of caldesmon to actin monomer of 1 to 10-13. The inhibition of actomyosin ATPase takes place over a wide pH range (from 6.0 to 8.0) but is decreased with an increase in KCl and MgCl2 concentrations. Caldesmon, in the range of caldesmon/ actin ratios within which it inhibits actomyosin ATPase, forms bundles of parallelly aligned actin filaments. Calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ dissociates these bundles and restrains the inhibition of actomyosin ATPase, provided that it is used at a high molar excess over caldesmon. AUDabrowska R ; Goch A; Galazkiewicz B ; Osinska H EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p70-5 MJActomyosin; Adenosine Triphosphatase; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins; Calmodulin MNChickens; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium /PD; Microfilament Proteins /ME; Microfilaments /UL; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rabbits; Tropomyosin /ME MTAnimal RN15958-92-6 (bradykinin, 9-des-Arg-); 16875-11-9 (bradykinin, 1-des-Arg-); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000684 TIMonoclonal antibodies to bradykinin inhibit smooth muscle contractile action of bradykinin. ABFour hybridoma cell lines have been established that secrete monoclonal antibodies to nonapeptide bradykinin. Bradykinin coupled to ovalbumin, using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide as coupling agent, was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused to P3-X63-AG8-653 mouse myeloma cells. The resultant hybrid cells were screened by enzyme-linked immunoassay for production of antibodies to bradykinin. Hybrids from four positive wells were subcloned by limiting dilution and expanded as ascites tumor into pristane-primed mice. All the four hybrids secreted monoclonal antibodies of IgG1 (k) isotype. Unlabeled peptides bradykinin, lysyl-bradykinin (kallidin) and methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin competed with the radiolabeled [Tyr1]kallidin for monoclonal antibody binding sites. These antibodies recognized preferentially either NH2- or COOH-terminals of the nonapeptide bradykinin and can distinguish between des-Arg1-bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin. Bradykinin fragments smaller than eight residues were not recognized by these antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies BK-D6A5, BK-B6C9 and BK-A3D9 neutralized the smooth muscle contractile activity of bradykinin. An enzyme-linked immunoassay developed using these monoclonal antibodies showed the effective range of bradykinin determination between 5 and 150 ng. AUBedi GS; Back N EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 27 1985, 842(1) p90-9 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Bradykinin /IM MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antibody Specificity; Bradykinin /AA; Cross Reactions; Immunoenzyme Technics; Kininogens /IM; Mice; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth /PH MTAnimal RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); EC 4.6.1.2 (Guanyl Cyclase); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000685 TIcAMP activates adenylate and guanylate cyclase of Dictyostelium discoideum cells by binding to different classes of cell-surface receptors. A study with extracellular Ca2+. ABcAMP induces a transient increase of cAMP and cGMP levels in Dictyostelium discoideum cells. Fast binding experiments reveal three types of cAMP-binding site (S, H and L), which have different off-rates (t0.5, 0.7-15 s) and different affinities (Kd, 15-450 nM). A time- and cAMP-concentration-dependent transition of H- to L-sites occurs during the binding reaction (Van Haastert, P.J.M. and De Wit, R.J.W. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 13321-13328). Extracellular Ca2+ had multiple effects on cAMP-binding sites. (i) The number of H + L-sites increased 2.5-fold, while the number of S-sites was not strongly affected. (ii) The Kd of the S-sites was reduced from 16 nM to 5 nM (iii) The conversion of H-sites to L-sites was inhibited up to 80%. The kinetics of the cAMP-induced cAMP accumulation was not strongly altered by Ca2+, but the amount of cAMP produced was inhibited up to 80%. The kinetics of the cAMP-induced cGMP accumulation was strongly altered; maximal levels were obtained sooner, and the Ka was reduced from 15 to 3.5 nM cAMP. Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ increased the number of binding sites, all with EC50 = 0.5 mM. The S-sites and the cGMP response were modified by equal Ca2+ concentrations and by higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+ (EC50 are respectively 0.4 mM, 2.5 mM and about 25 mM). The conversion of H- to L-sites and the cAMP response were specifically inhibited by Ca2+ with EC50 = 20 microM. It is concluded that cAMP activates guanylate cyclase through the S-sites; adenylate cyclase is activated by the H + L-sites, in which the appearance of the L-sites during the binding reaction represents the coupling of occupied surface cAMP receptors to adenylate cyclase. AUvan Haastert PJ EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p324-33 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Adenyl Cyclase; Calcium; Dictyostelium /ME; Guanyl Cyclase; Receptors, Cyclic AMP MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Dictyostelium /EN; Enzyme Activation; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Kinetics MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); 0 (diphtheria toxin receptor); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000686 TIEvidence that membrane phospholipids and protein are required for binding of diphtheria toxin in Vero cells. ABTreatment with phospholipase C strongly protected monkey kidney (Vero) cells against diphtheria toxin and reduced the ability of the cells to bind 125I-labelled toxin. Treatment with phospholipase D and with trypsin also protected the cells, although to a lesser extent. Phospholipase A2 had no protective effect. Phospholipase C also protected fetal hamster kidney cells against the toxin. After removal of the enzymes, as well as after treatment of the cells with 4-acetamide 4'-isothiocyanostilbene 2,2'-disulfonic acid, diphtheria toxin binding capability was restored slowly, apparently by a process requiring protein synthesis, since cycloheximide blocked the restoration. The data indicate that both phospholipids and protein are involved in the binding sites for diphtheria toxin. AUOlsnes S; Carvajal E; Sundan A; Sandvig K EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p334-41 MJDiphtheria Toxin; Membrane Lipids; Membrane Proteins; Phospholipids; Receptors, Cholinergic /ME MNCell Line; Cercopithecus aethiops; Cycloheximide /PD; Kidney; Kinetics; Phospholipases /PD; Receptors, Cholinergic /DE; Trypsin /PD MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 83-89-6 (Quinacrine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000687 TIThe role of thrombin in the regulation of the endothelial prostaglandin production. ABProstaglandin synthesis in endothelial cells may be initiated by the addition of exogenous substrate (arachidonic acid) or by addition of thrombin or the CA2+-ionophore A23187, which leads to prostacyclin formation from endogenous substrates. We noticed that endothelial cells produce more than twice the amount of prostacyclin when incubated with thrombin and arachidonic acid together than with arachidonic acid alone. In addition, it was found that the thrombin-induced conversion of endogenous substrates was inhibited by exogenous arachidonic acid. This means that the conversion of exogenous added arachidonic acid to prostacyclin was stimulated by thrombin. This activation of the enzymes involved in prostacyclin synthesis lasted about 5 min and could be inhibited by phospholipase inhibitors such as mepacrine and p-bromophenyl-acylbromide but not by the cAMP analogue dibutyryl cAMP, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid release from cellular phospholipids. These data demonstrate that, in addition to causing release of endogenous substrate, thrombin and the Ca2+-ionophore also activate the enzyme system involved in the further transformation of arachidonic acid. AUde Groot PG; Brinkman HJ; Gonsalves MD; Van Mourik JA EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p342-9 MJProstaglandins; Thrombin; Umbilical Veins MNA-23187 /PD; Arachidonic Acids /ME; Bromobenzenes /PD; Carbon Radioisotopes; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Endothelium /DE /ME; Kinetics; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /ME; Pregnancy; Quinacrine /PD MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.24.3 (Clostridiopeptidase A); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000688 TICultured human epidermis cells produce cell-associated interleukin 1-like prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating factors. ABIn order to identify factors which may regulate the functions of dermal fibroblasts, cell lysates and conditioned media of cultured human epidermal cells were tested on dermal fibroblasts for the stimulation of prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-production. Both prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities appeared during epidermal cell culture: after 2 d they were detected in the cell lysate, and after 4 d of culture they were found also in the conditioned media. Molecular sieving chromatography of epidermal cell lysates led to the detection of two main peaks showing concomitant prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities at Mr approximately equal to 18 000 and Mr approximately equal to 10 000. A single peak of concomitant prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities were seen at Mr approximately equal to 10 000 in the epidermal cell conditioned media. This suggests that the cell-associated concomitant prostaglandin E2- and collagenase-stimulating activities are processed from a common precursor molecule and released. Collagenase-stimulating activity without accompanying prostaglandin E2 was also detected in the range of Mr approximately equal to 30 000-45 000. AUHauser C; Saurat JH; Jaunin F; Sizonenko S; Dayer JM EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p350-5 MJClostridiopeptidase A; Interleukin 1; Prostaglandins E; Skin MNAdolescence; Adult; Cells, Cultured; Child; Fibroblasts /ME; Kinetics; Stimulation, Chemical MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 37589-80-3 (GTPgammaS); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000689 TIStimulation and inhibition of rat basophilic leukemia cell adenylate cyclase by forskolin. ABThe influence of the diterpene, forskolin, was studied on adenylate cyclase activity in membranes of rat basophilic leukemia cells. Forskolin increased basal adenylate cyclase activity maximally 2-fold at 100 microM. However, adenylate cyclase activity stimulated via the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein, Ns, by fluoride and the stable GTP analog, guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), was inhibited by forskolin. Half-maximal and maximal inhibition occurred at about 1 and 10 microM forskolin, respectively. The inhibition occurred without an apparent lag phase, whereas the enzyme stimulation by forskolin was preceded by a considerable lag period. The inhibition was not affected by treating intact cells or membranes with pertussis toxin and proteolytic enzymes, respectively, which have been shown in other cell types to prevent adenylate cyclase inhibition mediated by the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory component, Ni. The forskolin inhibition of the stable GTP analog-activated adenylate cyclase was impaired by increasing the Mg2+ concentration and was reversed into a stimulation by Mn2+. Under optimal inhibitory conditions, forskolin even decreased basal adenylate cyclase activity. Finally, forskolin largely reduced the apparent affinity of the rat basophilic leukemia cell adenylate cyclase for its substrate, MgATP, which reduction resulted in an apparent inhibition at low MgATP concentrations and a loss of the inhibition at higher MgATP concentrations. The data indicate that forskolin can cause both stimulation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase and, furthermore, they suggest that the inhibition may not be mediated by the Ni protein, but may be caused by a direct action of forskolin at the adenylate cyclase catalytic moiety. AUJakobs KH; Watanabe Y EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p356-63 MJAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Forskolin; Leukemia, Experimental MNAdenyl Cyclase /AI; Basophils /EN; Cell Line; Cell Membrane /EN; Enzyme Activation; Guanosine Triphosphate /AA /PD; Kinetics; Magnesium /PD; Rats; Thionucleotides /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 83014-44-2 (Quin2) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000690 TIThe effect of quin2 on chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. ABExposure of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes to micromolar concentrations of quin2-AM results in high intracellular concentrations of quin2, which lead to inhibition of chemotaxis. The loading efficiency of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, being the percentage of quin2-AM which is taken up by the cells and transformed intracellularly into quin2, is very high, reaches a maximum after 30 min, is independent of the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and is fairly independent of cell concentration. As a consequence, inhibition of chemotaxis is strongly dependent on experimental conditions: with a low cell density (3 X 10(6)/ml) exposure to 20 microM quin2-AM results in complete inhibition of chemotaxis, whereas the same concentration of quin2-AM is nearly without effect when an 8-fold higher cell concentration is used. Inhibition by quin2 is dependent on extracellular Ca2+; inhibition is more pronounced in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ than in its presence. It is suggested that quin2 inhibits chemotaxis by interference with intracellular Ca2+. AUElferink JG; Deierkauf M EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p364-9 MJAminoquinolines; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Fluorescent Dyes; Neutrophils /PH MNAdenosine Triphosphate /BL; Cell Movement /DE; Kinetics; Neutrophils /CY /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 58-15-1 (Aminopyrine); 66428-89-5 (Forskolin); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000691 TIDifferential effects of extracellular calcium removal and nonspecific effects of Ca2+ antagonists on acid secretory activity in isolated gastric glands. ABThe role of extracellular calcium in the action of the secretagogues, carbachol, histamine and forskolin, on parietal cell HCl secretion was investigated using glands isolated from rabbit gastric mucosa. Omission of calcium from the cellular incubation medium and chelation of a major portion of contaminating calcium with EGTA resulted in a disappearance of the initial transient response to carbachol (as measured by uptake of the weak base, amino[14C]pyrine), but the sustained response to carbachol persisted. Neither histamine nor forskolin-stimulated increase in amino[14C]pyrine uptake were affected by omission of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, the potentiating interactions between histamine and carbachol and between forskolin and carbachol appeared to occur independent of extracellular calcium. Attempts to assess the contribution of intracellular calcium to secretory activity using the Ca2+ antagonists, verapamil, nifedipine, nicardipine and lanthanum, and the putative intracellular Ca2+ antogonist, TMB-8 (3,4,5-trimethyloxybenzoic acid 8-(diethyl-amino)-octyl ester) were unsuccessful. Nifedipine had no effect on secretagogue stimulated amino[14C]pyrine accumulation even at concentration well above the pA2 reported for excitable tissues. Verapamil, nicardipine, lanthanum and TMB-8 all appeared to have nonspecific inhibitory effects on amino [14C]pyrine uptake. From these results we conclude that: (1) parietal cell HCl secretion can occur independent of extracellular Ca2+; (2) influx of extracellular Ca2+ enhances the response to carbachol but has little influence on the secretory response initiated by cAMP-dependent secretagogues; and (3) parietal cell Ca2+ channels have a different molecular configuration than Ca2+ channels in excitable cells. AUChew CS EM8601 IDAM31900 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p370-8 MJCalcium; Exocrine Glands /SE; Gastric Acid; Gastric Juice /SE; Gastric Mucosa MNAminopyrine /DU; Carbachol /PD; Carbon Radioisotopes; EGTA /PD; Exocrine Glands /DE; Forskolin /PD; Gastric Juice /DE; Histamine /PD; Kinetics; Rabbits MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.7. (Phosphotransferases, ATP); EC 2.7.1.68 (diphosphoinositide kinase); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000692 TISubcellular localization and enzymatic properties of rat liver phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase. ABThe phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase activity in rat liver showed a subcellular distribution different from that of phosphatidylinositol kinase. It was preferentially associated with plasma membrane-rich subcellular fractions, while no or minimal activity could be ascribed to mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi membranes or the endoplasmic reticulum. The plasma membrane enzyme phosphorylated endogenous and exogenously added phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate at comparable initial rates. The phosphorylation of endogenous substrate was strongly inhibited by Triton X-100, while the phosphorylation of added substrate was enhanced, suggesting that endogenous phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate was readily available to the enzyme in unperturbed plasma membranes. The total activity of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase in rat liver was only 1/20 that of phosphatidylinositol kinase. The enzyme activity showed an unusually broad pH-optimum in the neutral range. Mg2+ was the preferred divalent cation and Km towards ATP was about 3-fold higher than the corresponding value for phosphatidylinositol kinase. AULundberg GA; Jergil B; Sundler R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p379-87 MJLiver; Phosphotransferases, ATP /ME MNCell Fractionation; Detergents /PD; Kinetics; Phosphotransferases, ATP /IP; Polyethylene Glycols /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /EN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-83-2 (Carbachol); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000693 TICyclic AMP inhibits secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells evoked by carbamylcholine but not by high K+. ABThe role of cAMP in the control of secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells was examined using the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin. Treatment of chromaffin cells with forskolin resulted in a rise in cAMP levels. Forskolin inhibited catecholamine release elicited by carbamylcholine or nicotine but had no effect on secretion evoked by 55 mM K+. Inhibition of carbamylcholine-stimulated release by forskolin was half-maximal at 10 microM forskolin. The inhibition by forskolin of secretion evoked by carbamylcholine was at a step distal to the rise in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), since this rise was not inhibited by forskolin, which itself produced a small rise in [Ca2+]i. The results suggest that secretion evoked by carbamylcholine is due to the activation of an additional second messenger pathway acting with the rise in [Ca2+]i. This additional pathway may be the target for cAMP action. AUBaker EM; Cheek TR; Burgoyne RD EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p388-93 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Adrenal Medulla /SE; Carbachol; Catecholamines; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Potassium MNAdrenal Medulla /DE; Cattle; Kinetics; Nicotine /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21820-51-9 (phosphotyrosine); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000694 TIObservation of tyrosine-O-phosphate in Drosophila melanogaster larvae by 31P-NMR spectroscopy. AB31P-NMR spectra of intact larvae and pupae of Drosophila melanogaster have been obtained at 109.3 MHz. A major resonance in these samples has been identified as tyrosine-O-phosphate. Its chemical shift reflects the hemolymph plasma pH. Upon disruption of the organisms (necessary for chemical analyses of tyrosine-O-phosphate), phosphatases rapidly hydrolyze this phosphate ester, generating inorganic phosphate and free tyrosine. AUMoore RR; Burt CT; Roberts MF EM8601 IDRR00995 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p394-7 MJDrosophila Melanogaster; Tyrosine MNHydrogen-Ion Concentration; Larva /AN; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Phosphates /AN; Tyrosine /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000695 TIEffects of insulin on glucose metabolism in isolated heart myocytes from adult rats. ABThe study examined the effect of insulin on glucose metabolism in freshly isolated calcium-tolerant heart myocytes from adult rats. The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose demonstrated an initial lag in response to insulin and the maximal insulin effect was not attained until after 3 min preincubation with the hormone. A dose-response study of 14CO2 production from [14C]glucose revealed that the maximum insulin stimulation of glucose utilization occurred with 5 mU/ml. Both the uptake and the oxidation of glucose proceeded at a linear rate in the absence and presence of insulin. However, insulin exerted a greater effect on the uptake (42-54%) than on the oxidation (17-22%) of exogenous glucose. Incorporation of glucose into glycogen was markedly increased by insulin and resulted in the myocyte glycogen concentration returning to in vivo levels. In the absence of insulin, glucose incorporation plateaued within 10 min of incubation and the glycogen concentration was not altered. Our findings also indicate that at equilibrium, insulin-treated cells exhibited a higher glycogen turnover rate. It thus appears that insulin exerts a differential effect on the different pathways in glucose metabolism in the isolated cardiac cells. This may be related in part to their quiescent state and lower energy demand. AUChen V; McDonough KH; Spitzer JJ EM8601 IDHL-23157; HL-07098 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p398-404 MJGlucose; Insulin; Myocardium MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Carbon Radioisotopes; Deoxyglucose /ME; Glycolysis /DE; Heart /DE; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000696 TICultured endothelial cells do not respond to a platelet-derived growth-factor-like protein in an autocrine manner. ABCultured endothelial cells produce a growth factor similar or identical to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Endothelial cells are able to proliferate in plasma-supplemented medium, while most nontransformed cells require serum-supplemented medium. Since PDGF is a major serum mitogen, we have tested the possibility that endothelial cells interact with and respond to the autologously produced PDGF-like (PDGF-c) protein. We have found that bovine aortic and rat heart endothelial cells express little or no cell surface PDGF receptors as determined by binding of pure 125I-PDGF. Treating these cells under acidic conditions, which release receptor-bound PDGF in control cells without affecting receptor function, did not reveal a population of cryptic receptors. In addition, when rat heart endothelial cells were grown in the presence of an antibody to PDGF, proliferation was unimpaired, though no detectable free PDGF was present in the medium. An equivalent amount of antibody completely blocked the mitogenic response of human fibroblasts that had been preincubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C with an equivalent dose of PDGF. Thus, endothelial cells do not respond mitogenically in a manner that would be expected from the interaction of autologously produced PDGF with its cell surface receptor. Endothelial cells were detergent-solubilized and immobilized on nitrocellulose in an attempt to detect the presence of intracellular PDGF receptors. Specific binding of 125I-PDGF to adsorbed, solubilized bovine aortic or rat heart endothelial cells was undetectable, though significant binding to adsorbed, solubilized fibroblasts, used as a positive control, was observed. We conclude that endothelial cells do not have detectable intracellular PDGF receptors. AUKazlauskas A; DiCorleto PE EM8601 IDHL-29582; M01 RR00210 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p405-12 MJAorta; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor /PD MNAorta /DE; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium /CY /DE; Fibroblasts /CY; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Myocardium /CY; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor /ME; Rats; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /ME MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 84371-65-3 (RU 486) IS0006-3002 LAEnglish JCA0W SBM; X UI86000697 TIEffect of the antiglucocorticoid agent RU 38486 on the dexamethasone inhibition of Friend cell differentiation. ABGlucocorticoid hormones are known to inhibit the erythroid differentiation of Friend cells. The mechanism of action of these hormones has been questioned, and results suggesting an action not involving the nuclear binding of the receptors have been published. We have used the antiglucocorticoid RU 38486 to block the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the induced differentiation of Friend cells. Our results strongly suggest a glucocorticoid action involving the binding of classical receptors to the cell nucleus. AUMayeux P; Felix JM; Billat C; Jacquot R EM8601 SOBiochim Biophys Acta (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 846(3) p413-7 MJDexamethasone /PD; Estrenes MNAbortifacient Agents, Steroidal /PD; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Dexamethasone /AI; Erythroleukemia /PA; Kinetics; Leukemia, Experimental /PA; Mice MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0300-9084 LAFrench JCA14 SBM UI86000698 TI[Mapping of the different functional domains of (Na+, K+) ATPase] AUPonzio G TT[Cartographie des differents domaines fonctionnels de la (Na+,K+)ATPase.] EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) pXIII-XVI MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /AI; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Affinity Labels; Cell Membrane /EN; Cytoplasm /EN; Molecular Weight; Ouabain /ME /PD; Peptide Fragments /ME; Phosphorylation; Photochemistry; Trypsin /ME MTAnimal RNEC 4.1.99.3 (DNA Photolyase); 120-73-0 (purine); 289-95-2 (pyrimidine); 65-71-4 (Thymine); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000699 TIRecent aspects of the photochemistry of nucleic acids and related model compounds. ABThis survey focuses on recent developments in the far ultraviolet photochemistry of nucleic acids and related model compounds. The photoproducts discussed are the cyclobutidipyrimidines, the pyrimidine-pyrimidone adducts, the purine-pyrimidine adducts and the addition products of amino acids to pyrimidine bases. The specific aspects of the high-intensity laser photochemistry of nucleic acid components are also briefly reviewed. AUCadet J; Voituriez L; Grand A; Hruska FE; Vigny P; Kan LS EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p277-92 MJDNA /RE; Ultraviolet Rays MNAmino Acids; Base Sequence; Chemistry; Cyclobutanes; Cytosine; DNA Photolyase /ME; DNA Repair; DNA /AN; Lasers; Lysine; Macromolecular Systems; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Photochemistry; Photolysis; Purines; Pyrimidine Dimers /AN; Pyrimidines; Pyrimidinones; Spectrum Analysis; Thymine; Tryptophan; X-Ray Diffraction MCReview RNEC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases); EC 3.1.22.3 (endodeoxyribonuclease V); 110-89-4 (piperidine) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000700 TIDistribution of ultraviolet-induced lesions in simian virus 40 DNA. ABIn order to analyze the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis in mammalian cells, we devised an analytical assay using Simian Virus 40 as biological probe. To study the possible correlations between the distribution of the lesions on the treated DNA and the distribution of mutations, we have located and quantified the lesions induced by ultraviolet light (254 nm) on a SV40 DNA fragment. At a fluence of 2,000 J/m2, our results show that the formation frequency of thymine-thymine dimers (TT) is three to four times higher than the formation frequency of the other types of dimers (TC, CT, CC). On the other hand, the formation frequency of a dimer is influenced by the adjacent sequence. In particular, a pyrimidine in the 5' position of a thymine-thymine dimer enhances its formation frequency. At the dose used the formation frequency of the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts is twenty times less than the formation frequency of pyrimidine dimers. This paper shows the distribution of the major lesions induced by UV-light on a defined fragment of SV40 genome after UV irradiation. This work is necessary to get an insight into the molecular mechanisms of UV-mutagenesis. AUBourre F; Renault G; Seawell PC; Sarasin A EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p293-9 MJDNA, Viral /RE; Ultraviolet Rays MNBase Sequence; DNA, Viral /AN; Endodeoxyribonucleases; Photochemistry; Piperidines; Pyrimidine Dimers /AN; Pyrimidinones; SV40 Virus MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases); EC 3.1.22.3 (endodeoxyribonuclease V); EC 3.1.25.2 (endodeoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); 0 (gene proteins, viral); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000701 TIRecognition of damaged regions in DNA by oligopeptides and proteins. ABThe binding of various damaged DNAs to the single-strand binding protein coded for by gene 32 from bacteriophage T4, on the one hand, and of oligopeptides containing tryptophan and lysine residues, on the other hand, is described. These molecules exhibit a higher affinity for modified DNA than for native DNA in so far as modification results in a local destabilization of the double-stranded structure of the nucleic acid. Stacking interactions between aromatic amino acids and nucleic acid bases appear to play a crucial role in the recognition of destabilized regions induced by chemical agents (carcinogens and antitumor drugs). These interactions confer to the peptide lysyl-tryptophyl-lysine an endonucleolytic activity specific for apurinic sites. From results obtained with such oligopeptides a model for the active sites of Ap-endonucleases is proposed which could account for the strategy used by the denV endonuclease from phage T4 during the first step of excision repair of pyrimidine dimers in DNA. The effect of the overall conformation of modified DNA on repair efficiency is discussed. AUToulme JJ ; Saison-Behmoaras TS EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p301-7 MJDNA Repair; DNA; Oligopeptides; Proteins MNAmino Acids /ME; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; DNA, Single-Stranded /ME; DNA, Superhelical /ME; DNA /RE; Endodeoxyribonucleases /ME; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Ultraviolet Rays; Viral Proteins /ME MCReview RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000702 TIImmunological detection of lesions in DNA. ABThe purpose of this paper is to show that the antibodies to nucleic acids, to nucleosides or to DNA damaged by a physical or a chemical agent, are useful tools in the study of DNA damage and repair. The results obtained with antibodies to nucleosides, antibodies to nucleosides and DNA modified by chemical carcinogens emphasize the potential of immunological methods in three main areas, a) the sensitive detection and quantitation of adducts; b) the visualization of adducts in tissues, individual cells, and along the DNA double helix; c) the study of conformational changes of DNA induced by adducts. AULeng M EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p309-15 MJDNA Repair; DNA; Immunologic Technics MNAntibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Complex /IM; Antigens /IM; Carcinogens; Chemistry; Haptens /IM; Immunization; Immunoglobulins /IM; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleosides /IM; Rabbits /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN298-81-7 (Methoxsalen); 3902-71-4 (Trioxsalen); 4063-41-6 (4,5'-dimethylangelicin); 484-20-8 (5-methoxypsoralen); 60174-36-9 (3-carbethoxypsoralen); 62442-59-5 (hydroxymethyltrioxsalen); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000703 TIChemical structure of psoralen-nucleic acid photoadducts. AUVigny P; Gaboriau F; Voituriez L; Cadet J EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p317-25 MJDNA; Psoralens MNChemistry; Chromatography; DNA /RE; Furans; Methoxsalen; Photochemistry; Psoralens /RE; Pyrones; Spectrum Analysis; Trioxsalen /AA; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview RN89683-26-1 (10-((1-carboxy-2-methylpropylidene) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000704 TIUse of a new DNA intercalating fluorescing probe for studies on the mechanism of frameshift mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium. ABAs a general rule, ellipticine derivatives are mutagenic and intercalate into double-stranded nucleic acids. We have tested a new fluorescent ellipticine compound, 10[(1-carboxy-2-methylpropylidene)-amino]-9-hydroxy-2-methylell ipticinium (val-NMHE), for establishing the relationship between the amount of drug bound to nucleic acids in situ in Salmonella typhimurium and its biological effects: decrease of growth rate and mutagenesis. Val-NMHE is mutagenic only on Ames'strain TA 1977 which carries a + 1 frameshift mutation. On a per cell basis, the number of revertants is not linearly correlated to the amount of drug bound to nucleic acids: this number is relatively higher for increasing amounts of drug. This effect is not related to the mere probability of interaction between the drug molecule and its target, a GGGG/CCCC sequence. It might be explained by other hypotheses briefly discussed herein. AURene B ; Banoun H; Auclair C; Paoletti C EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p327-34 MJAlkaloids; DNA, Bacterial; Ellipticines; Mutation; Salmonella Typhimurium /GE MNEllipticines /PD; Fluorescent Dyes; Intercalating Agents; Mutagenicity Tests; Salmonella Typhimurium /DE; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.1.99.3 (DNA Photolyase); 9010-74-6 (RNA, Bacterial); 9014-25-9 (RNA, Transfer) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000705 TIMutagenesis and growth delay induced in Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet radiations. ABThe literature relating to genetic changes induced in Escherichia coli by near-ultraviolet radiations is reviewed and summarized: i) these radiations are much less mutagenic than would be expected from the known level of DNA damage, ii) pre-illumination with near-UV light antagonizes the mutagenic effect of UV (254 nm) light. In agreement with these findings, the SOS functions are not induced by near-UV radiations. Furthermore prior exposure of cells to near-UV light inhibits the subsequent 254 nm induction of the SOS response. Among the several hypothesis considered to explain these observations, one can be clearly favoured. Near-UV light triggers, at sublethal fluences, the growth delay effect. The target molecules, tRNAs, are photocrosslinked and some tRNA species become poor substrates in the acylation reaction. In vivo these tRNA molecules accumulate on the uncharged form, leading to a transient cessation of protein synthesis. The SOS response is inducible and as such requires protein synthesis. We therefore propose that near-ultraviolet radiations have a dual effect: i) they induce, mostly indirectly, DNA lesions which are potentially able to trigger the SOS response, ii) they prevent the expression of the SOS functions through the transient inhibition of protein synthesis (growth delay). AUFavre A; Hajnsdorf E; Thiam K; Caldeira de Araujo A EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p335-42 MJEscherichia Coli /RE; Mutation; Ultraviolet Rays MNBacterial Proteins /BI; Cell Division /RE; DNA Photolyase /ME; DNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial /RE; Escherichia Coli /GE; Genes, Bacterial /RE; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Photochemistry; RNA, Bacterial /ME /RE; RNA, Transfer /ME /RE MCReview MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1. (Endonucleases) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000706 TIThe SOS system. ABIn the bacterium Escherichia coli DNA damaging treatments such as ultraviolet or ionizing radiation induce a set of functions called collectively the SOS response, reviewed here. The regulation of the SOS response involves a repressor, the LexA protein, and an inducer, the RecA protein. After DNA damage an effector molecule is produced--possibly single stranded DNA--which activates the RecA protein to a form capable of catalysing proteolytic cleavage of LexA. The repressors of certain temperate prophages are cleaved under the same conditions, resulting in lysogenic induction. SOS functions are involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis, in cell division inhibition, in recovery of normal physiological conditions after the DNA damage is repaired, and possibly in cell death when DNA damage is too extensive. The SOS response also includes several chromosomal genes of unknown function, a number of plasmid encoded genes (bacteriocins, mutagenesis), and lysogenic induction of certain prophages. DNA damaging treatments seem to induce DNA repair and mutagenic activities and proviral development in many species, including mammalian cells. In general, substances which are genotoxic to higher eukaryotes induce the SOS response in bacteria. This correlation is the basis of the numerous bacterial tests for genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. AUd'Ari R EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p343-7 MJDNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia Coli MNBacteriophages /PH; Cell Division; DNA Replication; DNA, Bacterial /RE; DNA, Single-Stranded /GE; Endonucleases /ME; Escherichia Coli /RE; Genes, Bacterial; Lysogeny; Mutation; Operon; Rec A Protein /GE /PH; Ultraviolet Rays; Virus Activation MCReview IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000707 TIRECA immunological assay as a tool to analyze the SOS response. ABThe content of RECA protein, one of the SOS genes product, was determined in a bacterial extract by a two site-radioimmunometric assay. The variation of the RECA concentration after induction by physical or chemical treatments was used as a probe to analyze the SOS response. Relationships between either the number or the nature of DNA lesions and the level of the relative amplification of RECA have been established. The modulation of the recA gene expression is discussed. AUSalles B; Calsou P; Defais M EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p349-52 MJDNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia Coli; Rec A Protein MNDNA Replication /DE; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Bacterial /DE /RE; Mutation; Pyrimidine Dimers /GE; Radioimmunoassay; Rec A Protein /GE; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview RNEC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases); EC 2.1.1.63 (O(6); EC 3.2.2. (Nucleosidases); EC 3.2.2.- (3-methyladenine-DNA glycosidase); 120-73-0 (purine); 20535-83-5 (O-(6); 5142-23-4 (3-methyladenine); 70-25-7 (Methylnitronitrosoguanidine); 73-24-5 (Adenine); 73-40-5 (Guanine) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000709 TIThe adaptive response in E. coli. ABThe adaptive response appears in E. coli after exposure to low levels of alkylating agents. This system is under the positive control of the ada gene. At least two enzymes are induced during the response: 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase II and O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase. The latter is also the product of the ada gene. AUDefais M EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p357-60 MJDNA Repair; Escherichia Coli /GE MNAdenine /AA /ME; Alkylating Agents /PD; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia Coli /DE; Genes, Bacterial; Guanine /AA /PD; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine /PD; Methyltransferases /ME; Mutation; Nucleosidases /ME; Purines /ME MCReview RNEC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases); EC 2.1.1.63 (O(6); EC 3.2.2. (Nucleosidases); EC 3.2.2.- (3-methyladenine-DNA glycosidase); 66-27-3 (Methyl Methanesulfonate); 70-25-7 (Methylnitronitrosoguanidine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000710 TIRepair of methylated bases in mammalian cells during adaptive response to alkylating agents. ABPretreatment of H4 (rat hepatoma) cells for 48 h with non toxic doses of alkylating agents methylmethane sulfonate, (MMS), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) renders the cells more resistant to the toxic and mutagenic effects of these compounds. This adaptive response seems to reflect improved repair of methylated lesions in cellular DNA. Therefore, we measured the activity of the DNA-glycosylase for N-methylated purines (7-MeGua and 3-MeAd) and the activity of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in control and adapted cells. We show that the adaptive response does not significantly increase the DNA-glycosylase activity but involves the induction of methyltransferase molecules. AULaval F EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p361-4 MJAlkylating Agents; DNA Repair; DNA; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /FG MNCell Line; Drug Resistance; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /EN; Methyl Methanesulfonate /PD; Methylation; Methylnitronitrosoguanidine /PD; Methyltransferases /ME; Nucleosidases /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase III) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000711 TIMechanism of SOS-induced targeted and untargeted mutagenesis in E. coli. ABThis paper retraces the evolution of hypotheses concerning mechanisms of SOS induced mutagenesis. Moreover, it reports some recent data which support a new model for the mechanism of targeted and untargeted mutagenesis in E. coli. In summary, the SOS mutator effect, which is responsible for untargeted mutagenesis and perhaps for the misincorporation step in targeted mutagenesis, is believed to involve a fidelity function associated with DNA polymerase III and does not require the umuC gene product. umuC and umuD gene products are probably required specifically for elongation of DNA synthesis past blocking lesions, i.e. to allow mutagenic replication of damaged DNA. AUMaenhaut-Michel G EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p365-9 MJDNA Repair; Escherichia Coli /GE; Mutation MNDNA Polymerase III /PH; DNA Replication /DE; DNA, Bacterial /GE /RE; DNA, Viral /GE /RE; Escherichia Coli /DE /RE; Genes, Bacterial; Mutagens /PD; Phage Lambda /GE; Photochemistry; Pyrimidine Dimers; Rec A Protein /PH; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase I); EC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases); EC 3.1.25.2 (endodeoxyribonuclease (apurinic or apyrimidinic); 25609-92-1 (poly dC); 30811-80-4 (Poly C); 653-63-4 (2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate); 71-30-7 (Cytosine); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 902-04-5 (2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000712 TITemplate properties of ultraviolet-irradiated poly(dC) replicated by E. coli DNA polymerase I: indication for a role of apyrimidinic-sites in UV-induced mutagenesis. ABUltraviolet irradiation alters the template properties of poly(dC) when replicated by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. These effects are due to base modifications. Some of them are identified as apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP-sites) by their sensitivity to AP-endonuclease B purified from Micrococcus luteus, and their template properties. The rate of formation of AP-sites in poly(dC) is estimated at 3 X 10(-7) site per nucleotide per J.m-2. Exposure of supercoiled or relaxed pBR322 DNA to UV light results also in the formation of sites sensitive to AP-endonuclease B. In this case, the rate of formation of AP-sites is the same in relaxed or supercoiled DNA: 0.3 X 10(-7) site per nucleotide per J.m-2. The apyrimidinic sites are generated through the processing of an ultraviolet induced primary lesion. We suggest that this lesion is cytosine hydrate by its rate of decay and preferential formation in single stranded DNA. Our results suggest that AP-sites might be a minor pathway leading to UV-induced mutagenesis. AUBoiteux S; Pierre J; Laval J EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p371-6 MJDNA Polymerase I; Deoxyadenine Nucleotides; Escherichia Coli; Mutation; Poly C; Polyribonucleotides; Ultraviolet Rays MNCytosine /ME; Deoxyguanine Nucleotides /ME; Endodeoxyribonucleases /ME; Enzyme Activation /DE; Macromolecular Systems; Magnesium /PD; Manganese /PD; Poly C /RE; Templates MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000713 TILong- and short-patch gene conversions in Streptococcus pneumoniae transformation. ABIn pneumococcal transformation some point mutations are integrated by an excision-repair pathway which switches the heteroduplex DNA into homoduplex. This transfer of information is a gene conversion. We have reviewed some of the properties of this system especially those relating to heteroduplex specificity and given evidence that this extends over several kilobases of DNA. We then describe a new process of conversion in pneumococcal transformation which occurs over a very short distance (5 to 27 base-pairs) and is triggered by a single site mutation resulting from the transversion 5'-ATTCAT...to 5'...ATTAAT... Only one of the two heteroduplexes 5'...A...3'/3'...G...5', is converted. AUSicard M; Lefevre JC ; Mostachfi P; Gasc AM; Mejean V ; Claverys JP EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p377-84 MJGene Conversion; Genes, Bacterial; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Transformation, Bacterial MNBase Sequence; DNA Repair; DNA, Bacterial; Models, Biological; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes; Recombination, Genetic MCReview RNEC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease BSSHII); EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease NarI); EC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 53-96-3 (2-Acetylaminofluorene); 60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000714 TIConstruction of frameshift mutation hot spots within the tetracycline resistance gene of pBR322. ABThe chemical carcinogen, N-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) when bound covalently to DNA induces a majority (greater than 90%) of frameshift mutations. The mutations occur with high frequencies at defined sequences (i.e. mutation hot spots). Two classes of mutation hot spots were found: at repetitive sequences and at specific non-repetitive sequences. Mutations at the repetitive sequences depend upon a functional umuC gene whereas mutations at specific non-repetitive sequences are umuC-independent. The first discovered sequence of this class is the NarI restriction enzyme recognition sequence (5'GGCGCC3'). In an attempt to define a family of such sequences we constructed a related sequence 5'GCGCGC3' within the tetracycline resistance gene of pBR322. This sequence was also found to be an--AAF induced--2 frameshift mutation hot spot in both wild type and umuC strains. AUBurnouf D; Fuchs RP EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p385-9 MJMutation; R Factors; Tetracycline MN2-Acetylaminofluorene /PD; Base Sequence; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Bacterial /GE /RE; Genes, Bacterial; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Ultraviolet Rays MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN20535-83-5 (O-(6); 73-40-5 (Guanine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000715 TIChemical carcinogens and proto-oncogens activation. ABThe induction of proto-oncogens H-ras-1 by nitrosomethylurea (Sukumar et al. (1983), 306, 658-661) is discussed in term of lack of DNA-repair of lesions induced in DNA by this alkylating agent, particularly O6-methylguanine residues and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. AULaval J; Strauss BS EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p391-2 MJCarcinogens; Neoplasms; Oncogenes MNAlkylating Agents /PD; Alkylation; DNA Repair; DNA /ME; Gene Expression Regulation /DE; Guanine /AA /ME; Methylation; Mutation MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000716 TISurvival and mutagenesis of ultraviolet irradiated simian virus 40 in foetal human fibroblasts. ABSurvival and mutagenesis of UV-irradiated, temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 mutants (SV40) have been studied after infection of human fibroblasts. Survival of the viral progeny obtained after 6,8 or 10 days at permissive temperature decrease as a function of the UV-dose delivered to the virus. In cels which have been pretreated with 10 Jm-2 of UV 24 hours before infection, progeny survival was increased as compared to survival in control cells. The reactivation factor varies from one to ten, depending on the number of lytic cycles carried out at permissive temperature. The level of mutation frequency, as measured by the reversion from a temperature sensitive growth phenotype towards a wild type phenotype, increases with the dose of UV-irradiation given to the virus. Moreover, the mutation frequency is increased in the viral progeny produced in UV-irradiated human cells. Similar experiments carried out with SV40-transformed human fibroblasts, which constitutively express SV40 T antigen, gave comparable results. These experiments show that, as in monkey cells, a new error-prone recovery pathway can be induced by pretreating human cells with UV-light before infection. AUGentil A; Daya-Grosjean L; Margot A; Sarasin A EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p393-8 MJFibroblasts; Mutation; SV40 Virus /GE; Ultraviolet Rays MNCell Line; Embryo; Fibroblasts /RE; SV40 Virus /GD /RE; Temperature MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (gene proteins, bacterial) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000717 TIExpression of a bacterial repair gene in mammalian cells. ABThe coding sequence of the uvrA gene from Escherichia coli has been fused to the early promoter, enhancer and origin of replication of the simian virus SV40, and was supplemented with splicing and polyadenylation sites arising from the same virus. Introduction of this hybrid gene into simian cos-1 cells results in the synthesis of a full length UvrA protein (114 kD) which has retained its ability to bind to single-stranded DNA. AUBackendorf C; Van de Putte P EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p399-403 MJBacterial Proteins; DNA Repair; DNA, Recombinant; Escherichia Coli; SV40 Virus; Transfection MNBacterial Proteins /GE; Cell Line; DNA Replication; Enhancer Elements (Genetics); Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Regulator; Genes, Viral; Plasmids; Promoter Regions (Genetics) MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54-42-2 (Idoxuridine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0300-9084 LAEnglish JCA14 SBM UI86000718 TIMutagenic and chromosomal events in radiation transformation. ABThe transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell is a complex multi-stage process. Data are presented from rodent cells which suggest that the initial radiation induced change does not represent a mutation in a specific structural gene or group of genes. Rather, DNA damage induced by radiation produces a heritable change which leads to the transformation of one or more of the progeny of the initial irradiated cells at some later time. This second rare event has certain characteristics of a mutation. Studies in human diploid cells indicate that radiation induces stable chromosomal rearrangements which persist throughout the lifespan of the cells in culture. Occasionally, such cells gain a selective growth advantage and are recognized as abnormal clones. These clones may expand to include the entire cell population and show a significantly prolonged lifespan in vitro. The hypothesis is presented that the transforming event occurs in such clones, possibly resulting from a mutational change which occurs at random during cellular proliferation. AULittle JB EM8601 SOBiochimie (France), Mar-Apr 1985, 67(3-4) p405-15 MJCell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chromosomes; Mutation MNCell Count; Cell Division; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic /UL; Chromosome Aberrations; Clone Cells /RE; DNA /ME /RE; Diploidy; Embryo; Fibroblasts /RE /UL; Idoxuridine /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes; Mice; Translocation (Genetics); Ultraviolet Rays MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000720 TIEvolution of replicators playing a strategic game. ABA mathematical model of replicator evolution is considered. Replicators are words of a formal language specifying a strategy for a parlour game. They replicate with mutations and are selected according to their pay-off against other replicators. AUKurka P EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p211-7 MJEvolution; Game Theory; Models, Genetic MNMathematics IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000721 TIA two dimensional model for saccade generation. ABA model for the generation of oblique saccades is constructed by extending and modifying the one dimensional local feedback model. It is proposed that the visual system stores target location in inertial coordinates, but that the feedback loop which guides saccades works in retinotopic coordinates. To achieve straight trajectories for centripetal and centrifugal saccades in all meridians, a comparator computes motor error as a vector and uses the vectorial error signal to drive two orthogonally-acting burst generators. The generation of straight saccade trajectories when the extraocular muscles are of unequal strengths requires the introduction of a burst-tonic cell input to motor neurons. The model accounts for the results of two-site stimulation of the superior colliculus and frontal eye fields by allowing simultaneous activation of more than one comparator. The postulated existence of multiple comparators suggests that motor error may be computed topographically. AUTweed D; Vilis T EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p219-27 MJEye Movements; Models, Biological; Saccades MNFeedback; Mathematics; Retina /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000722 TIA neuro-synaptic model of the auditory masking and unmasking process. ABA model of bilateral information processing in the auditory system was presented on the basis of the interaction of postsynaptic potentials intra- and inter-nuclei in order to analyze the mechanism of binaural unmasking as well as monaural masking. The system was composed of a bilateral pair of auditory nuclei, which were organized in two parallel afferent systems as well as an efferent system. In the model, bilateral inputs were processed in three stages, i.e., the detection of interaural differences by the first afferent system, the equalization of relative neural timing by the efferent system, and the cancellation of specific spectral components by the second afferent system. Assuming the masking process to be forward and backward inhibitions on the auditory memory of signal by the ones of noise, the unmasking process could be explained as a result of disinhibition by the cancellation of bilateral masker inputs. AUItoh K EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p229-35 MJAuditory Pathways; Hearing; Neurons; Synapses MNAcoustic Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Laterality; Mathematics; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000723 TIOn the mechanisms underlying appearance of responses to movement, directional sensitivity and velocity tuning of the cat's striate cortical neurons. ABThe responses to moving and stationary stimuli of 27 cat's striate cortical units were studied. Two stationary light bars located in different parts of the receptive field were used. The order of presentation and the time-interval between the stimuli varied; so, the presentation of a pair of stationary stimuli was an analogue of a moving stimulus. It was shown that responses occurred in neurons previously unresponsive to stationary stimuli when two stationary stimuli were presented successively in certain order. In the direction-sensitive units an asymmetry of the temporal course of the inhibitory processes was observed. The inhibitory zone located on the side of the preferred direction of movement was characterized by an early inhibitory phase followed by a phase of disinhibition and by a second inhibitory phase. For the inhibitory zone located on the side of the null direction no disinhibitory phase was demonstrated. The significance of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the receptive field for the appearance of responses to movement, the directional sensitivity and the velocity tuning in striate neurons is discussed. AUVitanova L; Glezer V; Gauselman V EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p237-46 MJNeurons; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception MNCats; Movement; Photic Stimulation; Space Perception MTAnimal RN540-18-1 (n-amyl butyrate) IS0340-1200 LAEnglish JCA2H SBM UI86000724 TICross-modal identification: effects of contingent changes in the stimulus series. ABTwo computer controlled experiments in an olfactory cross-modal matching task, using two-component odour mixtures matched against bar diagrams, were designed so that stimulus presentation was contingent upon the recent performance of the subject; stimuli that were relatively poorly (in experiment 1) or well (in experiment 2) matched were more frequently presented. Analysis shows that the autoregressive structure of the performance is modified by such contingent presentation and that there is a weak relationship between transmitted information in matching and the time series structure of the matching errors. It is suggested that the process is nonlinear. AUGregson RA; Gates A EM8601 SOBiol Cybern (Germany, West), 1985, 52(4) p247-58 MJAssociation Learning; Learning; Smell; Vision MNAdolescence; Adult; Butyrates; Color; Cyclohexanols; Models, Psychological; Odors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3.16 (Phosphoprotein Phosphatases) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000726 TI[Phosphoprotein phosphatases from cell nuclei of the bovine spleen: physico-chemical properties] ABThe physico-chemical properties of phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 1.3.1.16) from bovine spleen cell nuclei were investigated. The enzyme was shown to possess a wide substrate specificity and to catalyze dephosphorylation of phosphocasein, ATP, ADP and p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP). The Km values for ATP, ADP and pNPP are 0.44, 0.43 and 1.25 mM, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of different concentrations is approximately 33 000. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two protein bands with Mr 12 000 and 18 000. The enzyme molecule predominantly contains acidic amino acid residues, two free SH-groups and two disulphide bonds. Phosphoprotein phosphatase is a glycoprotein with the carbohydrate content of about 22%, and has an additional absorption maximum at 560 nm. The enzyme is competitively inhibited by ammonium molybdate (Ki = 0.37 microM) and non-competitively by sodium fluoride (Ki = 1.3 mM). Incubation of phosphoprotein phosphatase with 2 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF) for 25 hours resulted in a approximately 46% loss of the enzyme activity. Ammonium molybdate, sodium fluoride and PMSF reversibly inhibit the enzyme. Modification of aminoacid SH-groups, NH2-groups and histidine led to a decrease of the enzyme activity. Incubation of phosphoprotein phosphatase with [gamma-33P]ATP resulted in the incorporation of 0.33 mol of 33P per mol of the enzyme. The mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond is discussed. AUReziapkin VI; Leonova LE; Komkova AI TT[Fosfoproteinfosfataza kletochnykh iader selezenki byka: fiziko-khimicheskie svoistva.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1067-75 MJPhosphoprotein Phosphatases /AN; Spleen MNAmino Acid Sequence; Cattle; Cell Nucleus /EN; Chemistry, Physical; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hydrolysis; Molecular Weight; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases /AI /IP; Substrate Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000727 TI[The additivity principle in the reaction of angiotensin II and its analogs with antibodies and receptors of glomerular cells from the rat adrenal cortex] ABThe binding of angiotensin II and its analogues (13) to rabbit antibodies and glomerular cell receptors from rat adrenal cortex was studied, using the radioimmunoassay method and radioreceptor analysis. Double modifications introduced into the angiotensin structure were found to increase in an additive fashion its binding to the antibodies and renal cell receptors. The relative binding activity of the analogues carrying a double modification can be assessed if the activities of the analogues with the appropriate single modifications are known. It was concluded that the testing of modifications in the peptide structure for their additivity may provide some insight into the conformational properties of peptides during their binding to the protein. AUZalitis GM; Kublis GG; Antsans IuE TT[Printsip additivnosti v reaktsii angiotenzina II i ego analogov s antitelami i retseptorami kletok klubochkovoi zony kory nadpochechnikov krys.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1083-9 MJAdrenal Cortex; Angiotensin II /ME; Antibodies; Receptors, Angiotensin; Receptors, Endogenous Substances MNAngiotensin II /AA; Binding Sites, Antibody; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Protein Conformation; Rabbits /IM; Radioimmunoassay; Radioligand Assay; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN17230-88-5 (Danazol) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000728 TI[Interaction of blood sex steroid-binding globulin-steroid complexes with plasma membranes of human decidual endometrium cells] ABPlasma membranes of decidual tissue cells specifically bind the sex steroid-binding globulin (SBP) complexes with estrogen (estradiol, estriol, estrone) and with the pharmacological agent danazol but do not interact with the SBP-testosterone or SBP-dihydrotestosterone complexes. The selectivity of interaction of the SBP-steroid complexes with decidual tissue cellular membranes provide evidence for the active role of SBP in the realization of steroid effects on the target tissue. AUZhuk NI; Avvakumov GV; Strel'chenok OA TT[Vzaimodeistvie kompleksov sekssteroidsviazyvaiushchii globulin krovi-steroid s plazmaticheskimi membranami kletok detsidual'nogo endometriia cheloveka.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1105-7 MJDecidua; Estrogens; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin MNCell Membrane /ME; Danazol /ME; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; In Vitro IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000729 TI[Effect of hyperthermia on the polypeptide composition of the nuclear matrix of the rat liver] ABThe increase in rat body temperature by 2-3 degrees as a result of overheating (45 degrees C, 22% humidity) over 90 and 120 min is accompanied by changes in the rate of labeled precursors incorporation into rat liver protein fractions. The incorporation of labeled amino acids into liver nuclear matrix proteins within the first 90 min of overheating is somewhat decreased, whereas 120 min thereafter it exceeds by 30% the corresponding values in control animals kept at room temperature. The polypeptide pattern of the nuclear matrix in hyperthermia is characterized by an increased relative content of polypeptide components around Mr 100, 55, 40 and 30 kDa against a decreased level of several polypeptides as compared to the control. AUAkopov SB; Bul'diaeva TV; Kuz'mina SN; Zbarskii IB TT[Vliianie gipertermii na polipeptidnyi sostav iadernogo matriksa pecheni krysy.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1127-31 MJHeat-Shock Proteins; Hyperthermia, Induced; Liver; Peptides MNAdaptation, Physiological; Body Temperature; Cell Nucleus /ME; Densitometry; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Heat-Shock Proteins /BI; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RNEC 3.1.- (Deoxyribonucleases); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000730 TI[Aggregation of fragmented chromatin associated with the synthesis of products of its treatment with nuclease] ABIsolated cell nuclei were incubated with nucleases followed by extraction of chromatin with a low salt buffer. With an increase of nuclear chromatin degradation with DNAse I or micrococcal nuclease, solubilization of deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) by a low salt buffer increases, reaching a maximum upon hydrolysis with 2-4% nuclear DNA and then decreases appreciably after extensive treatment with nucleases. Soluble fragmented chromatin aggregates in the course of treatment with DNAase. I. Addition to gel chromatin preparations of exogenous products of nuclease treatment of isolated nuclei leads to its aggregation. Pretreatment of nuclear chromatin with RNAase prevents solubilization of DNP by low ionic strength solutions. Some experimental data obtained with the use of severe nuclease treatment are discussed; for a correct interpretation of these data the aggregation of fragmented chromatin by products of its nuclease degradation should be taken into consideration. AULobanenkov VV; Mironov NM; Kuprianova EI; Shapot VS TT[Agregatsiia fragmentirovannogo khromatina, sviazannaia s poiavleniem produktov ego nukleaznoi obrabotki.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1132-40 MJChromatin; DNA; Deoxyribonucleases; Liver MNCell Nucleus /AN; Chromatin /IP; DNA, Neoplasm /AN; Hydrolysis; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental /AN; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Protein Conformation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Solubility MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase); 0 (troponin C) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000731 TI[Effect of neurotropic drugs on calmodulin and troponin C-dependent processes] ABThe effects of neurotropic compounds on Ca-binding proteins (calmodulin, troponin C) were investigated. It was shown that the majority of neuroleptics of the phenothiazine group effectively interact with the both proteins and inhibit calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-activated actomyosin. ATPase. Neuroleptics of the butyrophenone group as well as imipramine and diphenehydramine having a low efficiency interact only with calmodulin. Methophenazine, a phenothiazine neuroleptic, being an effective inhibitor of calmodulin and of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, does not influence troponin C or Ca-dependent actomyosin ATPase. Therefore, this compound may be used as a convenient tool in the study of processes controlled by these Ca-binding proteins. It is concluded that troponin C possesses Ca-dependent sites which bind pharmacological agents structurally similar to that of calmodulin. However, these sites bind pharmacological agents with a low efficiency and exhibit selectivity towards certain drugs. Despite the obvious homology of the both Ca-binding proteins, i.e., calmodulin, troponin C, their effects on the processes under their control appear to be selective. AUBaldenkov GN; Men'shikov MIu; Feoktistov IA; Tkachuk VA TT[Vliianie neirotropnykh soedinenii na kal'modulin- i troponin C-zavisimye protsessy.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1141-50 MJCalmodulin /ME; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /PD; Troponin /ME MN3',5'-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase /AI; Brain /EN; Calmodulin /AI; Fluorescent Dyes; Phenothiazines /ME /PD; Rabbits; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /ME; Troponin /AI MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000732 TI[Interaction of blood sex steroid-binding globulin with cell membranes of human decidual tissue] ABThe interaction of sex steroid-binding globulin (SHBG) from human blood with plasma membranes of human decidual tissue cells (estradiol target tissue) was investigated. It was shown that SHBG complexed with estradiol specifically interacts with these membranes. The dissociation constant (Kdis) for this interaction is (3.5 +/- 2.0) X 10(-12) M. The interaction of the SHBG-estradiol complex with the membranes is characterized by a high selectivity; such serum globulins as albumin, orosomucoid, transferrin, transcortin and the thyroxine-binding globulin do not compete with SHBG for the binding sites on the membranes. The SHBG-testosterone complex and SHBG alone do not interact with the membranes either. AUAvvakumov GV; Survilo LI; Strel'chenok OA TT[Vzaimodeistvie sekssteroidsviazyvaiushchego globulina krovi s membranami kletok detsidual'noi tkani cheloveka.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1155-61 MJDecidua; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Membrane /ME; Estradiol /ME; Kinetics; Pregnancy; Testosterone /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; In Vitro RN66-81-9 (Cycloheximide); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000733 TI[Structural characteristics of DNA from the rat liver during inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide] ABAt cot around 20, the rat liver DNA reassociation curves were obtained 12-48 hours after injection of the animals with sublethal doses of cycloheximide. In total preparations of DNA-24 and DNA-36 at cot 0.02-0.06, the number of fast reassociating sequences was increased, on the average, by 4%. The differences in reassociation rates for individual kinetic fractions are 2.5-3-fold. The total incorporation of the label into DNA-24 preparations is sharply decreased; however, a marked distinction in the incorporation between the fractions in parameter cot was observed. AUFonarev AB; Shugalii AV ; Papina RI; Todorov IN TT[O strukturnykh osobennostiakh DNK pecheni krys v protsesse ingibirovaniia belkovogo sinteza tsiklogeksimidom.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1162-6 MJCycloheximide; DNA; Liver /ME; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Translation, Genetic MNCycloheximide /TO; DNA /GE; Kinetics; Lethal Dose 50; Liver /DE; Rats; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN486-86-2 (N-methylcytisine); 57-95-4 (Tubocurarine) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000734 TI[Structural characteristics of the recognition site of cholinergic ligands of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from squid optic ganglia] ABThe effect of chemical modification on the binding of cholinergic ligands to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from squid optical ganglion was studied. The existence of two chemically distinct subpopulations of binding sites was postulated. Subpopulation I contains, in all probability, Arg, Tyr and carboxyl groups critical for the binding of both ligands. Subpopulation II differs from the first one in the amino group present instead of Arg. The amino group important for the binding of d-tubocurarine alone was found in both subpopulations. The data obtained allow one to construct a model of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor cholinergic ligand recognition sites. AUPliashkevich IuG; Demushkin VP TT[Strukturnye osobennosti uchastka uznavaniia kholinergicheskikh ligandov nikotinovogo retseptora atsetilkholina zritel'nykh gangliev kal'mara.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1167-74 MJGanglia; Receptors, Nicotinic MNAlkaloids /ME; Binding Sites; Ligands; Models, Biological; Optic Nerve /ME; Squid; Tubocurarine /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 1.11.1.6 (Catalase); EC 1.11.1.7 (hydroperoxidase II) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000735 TI[Peroxidase activity of succinylated catalase] ABThe catalase succinylation by succinic anhydride excess results in an almost complete dissociation of the enzyme into subunits possessing no catalase activity. The catalase subunits show the peroxidatic activity on o-dianisidine oxidation. The oxidation kinetics of this substrate by the succinylated enzyme was studied at various temperatures. The activation energy for this process is 10.1 kcal/mole. Within the temperature range of 31-65.5 degrees, the succinylated enzyme thermostability was studied by monitoring the peroxidatic activity decrease upon o-dianisidine oxidation. The activation energy for the succinylated catalase thermoinactivation equals to 15.5 kcal/mole. The peroxidatic activity of catalase subunits obtained by enzyme succinylation and acidic solution treatment was compared to that of horseradish peroxidase in the oxidation of the same substrate, i.e., o-dianisidine. AUArtemchik VD; Kurchenko VP; Metelitsa DI TT[Peroksidaznaia aktivnost' suktsinilirovannoi katalazy.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1183-8 MJCatalase; Isoenzymes; Peroxidases MNCattle; Kinetics; Liver /EN; Oxidation-Reduction; Succinic Anhydrides /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN50-32-8 (Benzo(a); 53-59-8 (NADP); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0320-9725 LARussian JCA28 SBM UI86000736 TI[Induction of microsomal cytochromes in the rat liver after intravenous administration of emulsions of perfluoro-organic compounds] ABIntravenous injections of perfluoroorganic emulsions to rats in a dose of 3 ml/kg led to changes in the composition and activity of enzymes of the liver microsomal membrane monooxygenase system. At the peak of induction, i. e., on the 3rd post-injection day, the levels of microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 increased 2.8- and 1.9-fold, respectively, as compared to the control. Simultaneously, the rate of NADPH oxidation in the microsomes and the rate of hydroxylation of substrates I and II showed an increase. Conversely, the rate of NADPH-dependent peroxidation of microsomal lipids on the 2nd-4th post-injection days reached its minimal values. These injections stimulated the detoxicating function of rat liver as evidenced from the duration of the hexenal sleep of the animals. All the changes in the monooxygenase system parameters were temporary and reached the control level on the 10th-14th days after injection. It was demonstrated that the main component of the perfluoroorganic emulsions, perfluorodecalin, was responsible for the induction of the monooxygenase system enzymes. AUObraztsov VV; Shekhtman DG; Sologub GR; Beloiartsev FF TT[Induktsiia mikrosomal'nykh tsitokhromov v pecheni krys posle vnutrivennogo vvedeniia zhivotnym emul'sii perftoroorganicheskikh soedinenii.] EM8601 SOBiokhimiia (USSR), Jul 1985, 50(7) p1220-7 MJCytochrome P-450; Fluorocarbons /PD; Microsomes, Liver MNBenzo(a)pyrene /ME; Enzyme Induction /DE; Fluorocarbons /AD; Hydroxylation; Injections, Intravenous; Lipid Peroxides /ME; NADP /ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN52-53-9 (Verapamil); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000737 TI[Participation of Ca-dependent systems in thrombocyte aggregation induced by the action of staphylococcal toxin and ADP] ABThe mechanism of ADP and staphylococcal toxin effect on the platelet aggregation has been studied on the rabbit's platelet-rich plasma. Ca2+-channels blockade of the cell membrane by verapamil resulted in considerable inhibition of aggregation induced by ADP and some weakening of toxin action. Binding of extracellular calcium EDTA inhibited sharply or blocked the aggregation of both inductors. It has been concluded that Ca2+ transport into cell is necessary chain in ADP and staphylococcal toxin effect but under the action of toxin transport Ca2+ into platelet is brought through a verapamil-resistant Ca2+-channels forming in the membrane under the interaction with toxin. AUBrill' GE TT[Ob uchastii Ca-zavisimykh sistem v agregatsii trombotsitov, vyzvannoi deistviem stafilokokkovogo toksina i ADF.] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p23-6 MJAdenosine Diphosphate; Bacterial Toxins; Calcium; Ion Channels; Platelet Aggregation; Staphylococcus MNEDTA /PD; Rabbits; Time Factors; Verapamil /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000738 TI[Analysis of the reproductive cycles of blood-sucking mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae)] ABThe classificatory scheme of morphofunctional description of ovariole system of blood-sucky mosquitoes has been elaborated. The formalized procedure for diagnostic of females reproductive status based on the ovary morphology has been described. Using this scheme a new method for estimation of reproductive age of mosquito females has been suggested. The analysis of the diagnostic quality of the reproductive age has been conducted using given method. AUSokolova MI; Smirnov NA TT[Analiz reproduktivnykh tsiklov krovososushchikh komarov (Diptera, Culicidae).] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p32-7 MJMosquitoes /PH MNMathematics; Methods; Mosquitoes /AH; Ovary /AH /PH; Reproduction MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN9002-67-9 (LH) IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000739 TI[Mechanisms of self-regulation and interaction of the central nervous system and of the hypophyseal-sexual system] ABLiterary review on the problem of regulation of the sexual glands functions by the central nervous system and the effect of the sex and tropine hormones on the brain formation activity is given. In experiments on rabbits and rats sexual steroid hormones have been shown to alter the bioelectric activity mainly in the structures of the Nauta septo-hypothalamo-hippocampal circle and the amygdalar circle of the limbic system. The data obtained suggested the steroid hormones participation in the processes of self-regulation of the cerebral reticulo-hypothalamo-limbic complex's functions by means of involving the limbic system circles into the process of reverberation. AUMalyshenko NM TT[Mekhanizmy samoreguliatsii i vzaimodeistviia tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy i gipofizarno-polovoi sistemy.] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p5-18 MJCentral Nervous System /PH; Homeostasis; Ovary; Pituitary Gland /PH; Testis MNAdolescence; Adult; Brain /DE /PH; Central Nervous System /DE; Child, Preschool; Child; Electrophysiology; FSH /PH; Homeostasis /DE; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System /DE /PH; LH /PH; Models, Neurological; Neurons /DE /PH; Ovulation /DE; Pituitary Gland /DE; Rabbits; Rats; Sex Hormones /PH MCEnglish Abstract; Review MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0470-4606 LARussian JCA3B SBM UI86000740 TI[Dependence of the properties of dioxane-based scintillation systems on the concentration of the components] ABCharacteristics of dioxan-based scintillation system have been studied. A composition for scintillation cocktails ensuring an effective homogeneous count of radioactive water samples (0-8% V) at minimum expense of ethyl alcohol has been suggested. AUChepyzheva MA; Kolomiitseva GIa TT[Zavisimost' svoistv stsintilliatsionnykh sistem na osnove dioksana ot kontsentratsii nekotorykh komponentov.] EM8601 SOBiol Nauki (USSR), 1985, (7) p97-9 MJDioxanes; Dioxins; Scintillation Counting /ST MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Indicators and Reagents /PD; Scintillation Counting /MT; Solvents /PD; Tritium /DU; Water /PD MCEnglish Abstract IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000741 TINonmigrating rhythmic activity in the stomach and duodenum of neonates. ABWe studied gastrointestinal motility in 20 infants, using a modified manometric method for neonates, and compared it to that in adults. Changes in the intragastric and intraduodenal pressures were recorded for 3 h after the ingestion of milk. Bands of contractions with the same rhythmicity as phase III activity in adults were frequently recorded. Some of them migrated caudally and were speculated to the equivalent of phase III activity of the interdigestive migrating complex (IMC) in adults. However, others did not migrate and showed some differences from phase III activity of adults and infants in the time of occurrence, duration and amplitude. The characteristic of gastroduodenal motility in infants was the frequent occurrence of these bands of nonmigrating rhythmic concentrations. Our findings indicated the following problems: (1) there are some differences in gastrointestinal motility between infants and adults and further investigations are required for the evaluation of the physiology or pathophysiology of this phenomenon; (2) in infants, many bands of rhythmic contractions of the alimentary tracts can exist without migration. This indicates the possibility that the occurrence of rhythmic contractions and their migration are regulated by different mechanisms. AUTomomasa T; Itoh Z; Koizumi T; Kuroume T EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p1-9 MJDuodenum; Gastrointestinal Motility; Stomach MNAdult; Chickens; Hydrostatic Pressure; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Muscle Contraction MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN1333-74-0 (Hydrogen); 63-42-3 (Lactose) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000742 TISmall intestine transit time and lactose absorption during phototherapy. ABDiarrhea is often seen during phototherapy in jaundiced infants. Lactose malabsorption and reduced gut transit time (GTT) are some of the proposed explanations. However, the etiology of the diarrhea is still controversial. We investigated GTT and lactose absorption during phototherapy using the H2 breath test. Breath H2 was measured every 10 min for 150 min after feeding of jaundiced infants with and without phototherapy, and in controls. There were 12 newborns in each group. The time of increase of H2 excretion over 10 ppm was taken as the transit time. Lactose malabsorption was estimated by integrating the area under the excess H2 curve. No difference was found in GTT, lactose absorption, peak breath H2 and the time of the peak between phototherapy-treated infants and jaundiced and nonjaundiced infants. The results did not support the presence of lactose malabsorption during phototherapy and the decreased total GTT reported in the literature was not due to shortened small intestinal transit time. AUSivan Y; Dinari G; Goodman C; Merlob P; Nitzan M EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p10-4 MJGastrointestinal Motility; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant, Newborn; Lactose MNBreath Tests; Diarrhea /PP; Hydrogen /ME; Intestinal Absorption; Phototherapy MTHuman RN11062-77-4 (Superoxide) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000743 TIPolymorphonuclear leukocyte function in term and preterm newborn infants. ABBacterial infections are a major problem in the care for newborn infants. In search for immunological deficits we investigated phagocytosis and killing of staphylococci using polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from 2 ml of venous blood. Phagocytosis of PMN from preterm (n = 10) and newborn infants (n = 9; mean birth weights 1,949 and 3,523 g, respectively) was not different from that of adult PMN (n = 14). Killing capacity of PMN from preterm infants was markedly impaired compared to term newborn infants and to adult PMN. We found similar rates of superoxide anion production and similar times for activation in response to phorbolmyristate acetate stimulation. Our study gives further evidence that PMN from term newborn infants have normal phagocytotic and bactericidal capacity. In PMN from preterm newborn infants, however, the bactericidal capacity is diminished similar to newborn infants under stress as described earlier by others. AUGahr M; Blanke R; Speer CP EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p15-20 MJInfant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Neutrophils MNAdult; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcus /IM; Superoxide /BI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000744 TISequestration of 3H-vitamin D3 by the fetal and neonatal rat liver. AB19- to 21-day-old fetuses as well as 3-, 7-, 14-, and 22-day-old pups were used to evaluate the sequestration of a tracer dose of 3H-D3 by the fetal and neonatal rat liver. In fetuses, 3H-D3 was injected directly into the umbilical vein; in neonates, 3H-D3 was injected into the portal vein. In both cases, 14C-sucrose was used as extracellular marker. 3H-D3 sequestration was evaluated at 11.3 +/- 1.1% (means +/- SEM) in fetuses, 3.3 +/- 0.6, 4.9 +/- 0.6, 6.3 +/- 0.5 0.5 and 42.0 +/- 1.9% of the dose administered in 3-, 7-, 14-, and 22-day-old rats, respectively. These results clearly show that, in the rat, the fetal liver can take up 3H-D3. Moreover, when compared to the values obtained in the late fetal period, 3H-D3 uptake decreased significantly during the first 2 weeks post partum (p less than 0.0001) and then dramatically increased (6-fold, p less than 0.0001) between days 14 and 22 post partum, when it reached an uptake capacity similar to that previously observed in adult rats. AUMartial J; Plourde V; Gascon-Barre M EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p21-8 MJAnimals, Newborn; Cholecalciferols; Liver /ME MNAge Factors; Biological Transport; Liver /EM; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-08-2 (Caffeine) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000745 TIEffects of oral caffeine intubation on bones in protein-energy malnourished newborn rats. ABLactating dams with 8 suckling pups were fed either a 6% or a 20% protein diet from the birth of the pups to day 15. The pups were divided into caffeine and noncaffeine groups. Every other day between days 3 and 13, pups were either intubated with caffeine (1 mg/100 mg) dissolved in 0.1 ml physiological saline solution, or 0.1 ml saline solution as a control. On day 15, mandible and long bone weights, DNA, protein and calcium contents, collagen synthesis and 45Ca uptake in these bones of the pups were studied. Nutritional factors exercised consistent effects on all the studied parameters, but there was no difference in effects attributable to caffeine intubation, except the increased collagen synthesis in the long bones of the group with 6% protein diet with caffeine as compared to noncaffeine members of the same dietary group. We concluded that the direct administration of a relatively small amount of caffeine to newborns causes minor effects on bone development under certain nutritional conditions. AUBatirbaygil Y; Quinby GE Jr; Nakamoto T EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p29-35 MJAnimals, Newborn /ME; Bone Development; Caffeine; Protein-Calorie Malnutrition MNAnimals, Newborn /GD; Body Weight /DE; Growth /DE; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000746 TIStarvation-induced organ hypoplasia in prenatal and postnatal guinea pigs. ABThe severity and permanence of growth retardation was measured in guinea pigs starved for 3 weeks with a 50% ration in late gestation (prenatal), at birth (neonatal), or at weaning. Acute and chronic effects were assessed as body mass, skeletal length, hematology, and the weight, DNA and protein contents of the hearts, the lungs, and the livers of the starved and refed animals. Organ hypoplasia was most pronounced in the prenatally starved group, and was associated with numerous stillbirths. Among survivors, catch-up growth was eventually complete. Prenatal starvation of this species provides a reproducible model of human intrauterine growth retardation, particularly of the pulmonary system. AULechner AJ EM8601 IDHL-29640 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p36-42 MJFetal Growth Retardation /PP; Starvation MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Animals, Suckling /PH; Disease Models, Animal; Fetal Growth Retardation /ET; Gestational Age; Guinea Pigs; Heart /EM /GD; Liver /EM /GD; Lung /EM /GD; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000747 TIChanges in plasma arginine vasopressin during transition from fetus to newborn following minimal trauma delivery of lambs and goats. ABVasopressin in umbilical arterial and venous blood is high at delivery and may be important in the maintenance of arterial pressure and absorption of lung liquid. We used chronically instrumented near-term fetal lambs and goats to investigate the changes in plasma vasopressin that occur during perinatal cardiovascular transition following cesarean section without labor. Plasma arginine vasopressin was more than 5 times greater 15 min following birth than immediately prior to clamping the umbilicus, and it fell progressively over the ensuing 2-5 h to levels not significantly different from before birth. Fifteen min after delivery, neither arterial pressure, blood gases, nor pH appeared to account for the increase. AULeffler CW; Crofton J; Brooks DP; Share L; Hessler JR; Green RS EM8601 IDHL12990 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p43-8 MJArgipressin; Goats; Labor; Sheep MNBlood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Cesarean Section; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN54-31-9 (Furosemide); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000748 TIProtection by magnesium of renal calcinosis in furosemide-treated weanling rats with moderate magnesium deficiency. ABProlonged treatment of premature infants with the potent diuretic furosemide has resulted in hypercalciuria, sometimes with renal calcinosis and other complications. Furosemide was administered to weanling rats to explore its effect on magnesium and calcium metabolism. The animals were fed purified diets providing 40 mg magnesium/100 g diet or 10 mg magnesium/100 g. Half of each dietary group (40-F or 10-F) received 18 doses of furosemide, 20 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally between days 7 and 35, and half received normal saline intraperitoneally (40-O or 10-O). Furosemide had little effect on the magnesium-sufficient animals (40-F), but comparison of 10-O and 10-F data showed that it aggravated the magnesium-deficiency syndrome. Comparison of data from 40-F and 10-F animals showed the protective effect of magnesium in preserving calcium homeostasis in furosemide-treated animals: the elevation of calcium values in 10-F rats was greater in plasma (p less than 0.0005), heart (p less than 0.0025), and kidney (p less than 0.0005). Stated another way, furosemide was associated with severely disordered calcium metabolism only in animals fed suboptimal magnesium. Studies exploring the role of magnesium in furosemide-treated infants can be recommended. AUCaddell JL EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p49-58 MJCalcium; Furosemide; Kidney; Magnesium MNCalcium /UR; Magnesium /UR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution; Water-Electrolyte Balance /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); EC 3.2.1.20 (Alpha-Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.48 (Sucrase); 9007-90-3 (Gliadin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000749 TIInfluence of gliadin on fetal chick intestine in tissue culture. ABThe purpose of this study was to develop a model system for detecting biological effects of gliadin which may be related to coeliac disease. The technique applied was tissue culture of chicken duodenum at several stages of fetal development. A normally occurring increase in disaccharidase activities in cultured tissue explants was diminished by the presence of peptic-tryptic digested gliadin or of a tryptic fragment of alpha-gliadin (alpha-GT 18,000). The effect of peptic-tryptic digested gliadin was only demonstrable in the early phase of fetal development (days 10-14), and disappeared at day 16. The release of enzymes into the culture medium was decreased by gliadin at the 12th day of fetal development. The results suggest that gliadin inhibits the differentiation processes of the fetal intestine. AUMothes T; Muhle W ; Muller F ; Hekkens WT EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(1) p59-64 MJDuodenum; Gliadin; Plant Proteins MNAge Factors; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Alpha-Glucosidases /ME; Caseins /PD; Chick Embryo; Duodenum /EM /EN; Microvilli /EN; Peptide Fragments /PD; Sucrase /ME; Tissue Culture MTAnimal IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000750 TIAutoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the newborn beagle puppy. ABRegional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) was measured in 17 newborn beagle puppies under conditions of moderate hypotension, normotension, and moderate hypertension. RCBF demonstrated autoregulation over the blood pressure range 35-70 mm Hg. When arterial pressure exceeded 75 mm Hg, RCBF increased significantly for all grey matter structures, 2 of 4 white matter structures, and 2 of 3 germinal matrix structures. The magnitude of the hypertension-induced increase in RCBF was highest for thalamic and mesencephalic nuclei, intermediate in cerebral cortex and other subcortical nuclei, and lowest in white matter. The hypertension-induced increase in CBF was low (similar to white matter) in some areas of germinal matrix but higher (similar to midline cerebral cortex) to rostral germinal matrix. The differences in RCBF during hypertension between rostral germinal matrix and cerebral white matter may partially explain the vulnerability of the germinal matrix to hemorrhage. AUPasternak JF; Groothuis DR EM8601 IDNS 20008 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p100-9 MJAnimals, Newborn; Cerebrovascular Circulation MNAutoradiography; Blood Pressure; Cerebral Hemorrhage /ET; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Ependyma /BS; Homeostasis; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN71-63-6 (Digitoxin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000751 TIEffect of digitoxin on vaginal epithelial differentiation in the Balb/c mouse. ABVaginal epithelial differentiation (VED) in the mouse and the human is the replacement of columnar by squamous epithelium in the vagina. This occurs in humans in late first and second trimesters of pregnancy and in mice after birth. In both diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure during the process is associated with persistence of columnar epithelium and later reproductive tract tumor. Cardiac glycosides are estrogenic in both species. The concern: could cardiac glycosides produce similar effects to those seen after DES? Digitoxin was administered to Balb/c neonates at increasing doses. VED occurred by 10 days in three low-dose groups. Cardiotoxic mortality precluded study at higher doses. Therefore digitoxin did not affect VED. AUGorwill RH; Steele HD EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p110-3 MJDigitoxin; Vagina MNAnimals, Newborn; Cell Differentiation; Epithelium /CY /DE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Vagina /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-66-6 (Zinc) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000752 TIPlacental handling of zinc in the guinea pig. ABThe distribution of zinc between the mother and the fetoplacental unit, and its placental transfer, were studied using stable and isotopic zinc in unanaesthetized pregnant guinea pigs and an in situ perfusion preparation. The concentration of stable zinc in fetal plasma and skeletal muscle was higher than that in the maternal tissues: 2.0 compared with 1.4 micrograms/ml and 84 with 49 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The placenta and maternal and fetal liver had similar zinc concentrations: 90, 75 and 88 ng/mg dry weight, respectively. The ability of the placenta to concentrate 65Zn, measured 1 h after a single intravenous injection into the unanaesthetized mother, was comparable with that of the maternal liver. Maternal-fetal mass transfer of zinc was directly related to maternal plasma zinc concentrations from 0.7 to 24.1 micrograms/ml (b = 2 ng X min-1 X g-1 X microgram-1, r = 0.92). At physiological plasma levels, the calculated transfer would supply the fetus with 0.12 mg zinc/day, similar to the accretion rate over the last trimester. Placental transfer of zinc was not influenced by the concentration of zinc in the placental perfusate. Extraction of zinc from the perfusate was also slow, and partly by absorption. Maternofetal transfer of zinc was directly related to both uterine and umbilical blood flows. The high concentration of zinc in the syncytium, relative to both maternal and fetal plasma levels, suggests active uptake at the maternal surface, combined with a slow release into the fetus, down a concentration gradient. AUSimmer K; Dwight JS; Brown IM; Thompson RP; Young M EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p114-21 MJPlacenta; Zinc MNBlood Gas Analysis; Guinea Pigs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Rheology MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN63-42-3 (Lactose); 68608-58-2 (whey) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000753 TIEvaluation in guinea pigs of the allergenic capacity of two infant formulae based on hydrolyzed milk proteins. ABThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the potential capacity of infant formulae based, respectively, on hydrolyzed casein and on hydrolyzed whey proteins to induce sensitization in guinea pigs. This potential capacity was tested by intravenous challenges with centrifuged formulae and by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The results showed that neither formula was sensitizing, therefore suggesting that protein hydrolyzates can be considered a suitable cow's milk substitute for infants with cow's milk protein intolerance. However, further studies are necessary in order to investigate whether these hydrolyzates are not allergenic in infants as well. AUGranati B; Marioni L; Rubaltelli FF EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p122-4 MJHypersensitivity; Infant Food; Milk Proteins MNCaseins /IM; Guinea Pigs; Hydrolysis; Lactose /IM MTAnimal RN138-81-8 (2,3-diphosphoglycerate); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000755 TIPostnatal changes in fetal hemoglobin, oxygen affinity and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in previously transfused preterm infants. ABWe observed a temporary rise in the percentage of fetal hemoglobin (HbF%) in small preterm infants after cessation of frequent replacement transfusions. We prospectively studied 10 very low birthweight infants, who received frequent transfusions in the first several weeks of life, to determine the influence on oxygen affinity (P50). After cessation of frequent transfusions, those 5 infants whose HbF% increased to the highest values (mean 58%) had a lower oxygen affinity (P50 = 23.3 Torr, p less than 0.05) than the remaining 5 infants whose increase in HbF% was less marked, to an average of only 29% (P50 = 24.5 Torr). However, in light of the small difference in P50, we feel that a rise in HbF% by itself after a period of frequent transfusions is unlikely to restrict oxygen delivery except under stressful conditions. AUBrown MS; Phipps RH; Dallman PR EM8601 IDAM13897; HD07162 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p70-6 MJDiphosphoglyceric Acids; Fetal Hemoglobin; Infant, Premature; Oxygen MNBlood Transfusion; Hematocrit; Infant, Newborn; Time Factors; Twins MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1. (Acetyltransferases); EC 2.3.1.7 (Carnitine Acetyltransferase); 541-15-1 (Carnitine) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000756 TICarnitine and carnitine transferases in the intestinal mucosa of suckling rats. ABCarnitine acetyltransferase and palmitoyltransferase activity in the mucosa of the small intestine of rats rises after birth and falls at the time of weaning. The carnitine contents of the mucosa (free, acetyl-, palmitoyl- and total) decrease postnatally, reaching adult levels at the time of weaning. Orally administered 14C-carnitine is only slowly absorbed so that radioactivity is still high in plasma and organs 6 h later, whereas label given subcutaneously disappears from the plasma and tissues more rapidly. The intestinal mucosa also takes up carnitine from 14C-carnitine administered subcutaneously. It is concluded that carnitine plays an important role in the gut of suckling rats. AUHahn P; Chanez C; Hamilton J EM8601 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p77-84 MJAcetyltransferases; Animals, Suckling; Animals; Carnitine Acetyltransferase; Carnitine; Intestinal Mucosa MNAge Factors; Intestinal Absorption; Milk /ME; Mitochondria, Muscle /EN; Mitochondria /EN; Rats; Stomach /EN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000757 TIRelationship between resting glucose consumption and insulin secretion in the ovine fetus. ABIn the chronically catheterized fetal sheep, umbilical glucose uptake has previously been found to be related to maternal glucose concentration over a wide range of values. The relative contribution of fetal insulin secretion to resting umbilical glucose uptake has not previously been assessed. Simultaneous measurements of umbilical glucose uptake and an estimate of fetal insulin secretory rate were performed in 21 fetal lambs in late gestation over 1-hour sampling periods. Because of the relatively narrow range of maternal blood glucose concentrations, no relationship was apparent between maternal glucose concentration and umbilical glucose uptake. However, a significant relationship was present between the area beneath the insulin concentration curve, a rough estimate of insulin secretory rate, and umbilical glucose uptake. The data suggest that fetal insulin secretory rate may be an important regulator of fetal glucose uptake under physiologic circumstances. AUPhilipps AF; Porte PW; Raye JR EM8601 IDAM 16067 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p85-9 MJBlood Glucose; Fetus; Insulin /SE; Islands of Langerhans MNInsulin /BL; Islands of Langerhans /SE; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 541-50-4 (acetoacetic acid) IS0006-3126 LAEnglish JCA3P SBM UI86000758 TIEffects of fasting on glucose turnover rate and metabolite levels in conscious pregnant guinea pigs. ABThe effect of fasting during pregnancy is of particular interest in the guinea pig because of the large fetal mass carried to term. The present studies examined the effect of acute and chronic starvation on maternal glucose turnover in the guinea pig. In the first experiment, 7 near-term pregnant guinea pigs were fasted for 6 h. The maternal glucose concentration and glucose production decreased rapidly, falling to about 65-70% of fed levels at 4 h of starvation. Mothers demonstrated a 2.6-fold elevation in ketoacids after 2, 4 and 6 h starvation. In a second experiment, 5 non-pregnant and 11 near-term pregnant animals were studied in the control period and after 24 h of fasting. The maternal glucose concentration in the control state was independent of fetal mass. The maternal glucose turnover rate in the fed state correlated linearly with fetal mass. After 24 h of fasting, the glucose concentration and glucose turnover rate both decreased, with the magnitude of each decrease proportional to fetal mass. We conclude that, in the pregnant guinea pig, the fetal mass impacts significantly on maternal glucose metabolism in the fed and fasting states. AUGilbert M; Sparks JW; Girard J; Battaglia FC EM8601 IDHD00781-19 SOBiol Neonate (Switzerland), 1985, 48(2) p90-9 MJFasting; Glucose; Pregnancy, Animal MNAcetates /BL; Acetoacetates /BL; Amino Acids /BL; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified /ME; Fetus /AH; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxybutyrates /BL; Lactates /BL; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000759 TICounting counts [editorial] AURobins E EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1037-8 MJPsychotic Disorders /PX; Suicide MNPsychotic Disorders /DI MTHuman IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000760 TIAbnormal cerebrospinal fluid protein indices in schizophrenia. ABDeterminations of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were performed in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples from 24 subjects with schizophrenia. These determinations allowed calculation of two indices, one that is an indicator of integrity of the blood-brain barrier and the other a measure of selective IgG production within the central nervous system (CNS). In comparison with previously determined reference values, 7 of 24 (29%) subjects showed increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and 8 of 24 (33%) demonstrated elevated endogenous CNS IgG production. One of these eight also demonstrated oligoclonal banding on high-resolution protein electrophoresis of the CSF. AUKirch DG; Kaufmann CA; Papadopoulos NM; Martin B; Weinberger DR EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1039-46 MJCerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Schizophrenia MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Blood-Brain Barrier; Electroconvulsive Therapy; IgG /CF; Middle Age; Reference Values; Schizophrenia /IM /TH; Serum Albumin /CF MTFemale; Human; Male RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000761 TIFree triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in a group of unipolar depressed patients and normal subjects. ABWe examined levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) in serum from a group of 32 patients with unipolar major depression and 46 normal control subjects using the Amerlex (Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL) RIA procedures for these hormones. Free T3 levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.004) in the depressed patients as a group (5.02 +/- 1.01 pmol/L, mean +/- SD) than in the normal control subjects (5.74 +/- 1.23 pmol/L). Free T3 levels were lower (p less than 0.01) in depressed men (5.25 +/- 1.43 pmol/L) when compared with male control subjects (6.46 +/- 1.01 pmol/L). Depressed women (4.78 +/- 0.60 pmol/L) also had lower T3 levels than did the female control subjects (5.09 +/- 1.06 pmol/L), but the difference was not statistically significant. Lower fT3 levels were also observed in melancholic depressed patients when compared with nonmelancholic depressed patients or when compared with normal control subjects. No differences in fT4 were observed between groups in this study. AUOrsulak PJ; Crowley G; Schlesser MA; Giles D; Fairchild C; Rush AJ EM8601 IDMH35370 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1047-54 MJDepressive Disorder; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone /DU; Thyrotropin /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000763 TIDaily patterns of serotonin uptake in platelets from psychiatric patients and control volunteers. ABSerotonin (5-HT) uptake into platelets from psychiatric patients and controls was measured in the morning and afternoon. Uptake varied with time of day in both groups studied, resulting in four recognizable patterns. Two patterns occurred in the majority of controls. In contrast, uptake patterns in the psychiatric patients were more variable, with each of the four patterns clearly represented. However, except for the fact that uptake was significantly decreased throughout the day in depressed patients, the patterns were not otherwise linked statistically to clinical condition. In any event, the greater variability of daily 5-HT uptake patterns in patients suggests that psychiatric disorders linked presumably to central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction are in some way reflected by labile platelet 5-HT pharmacokinetics. AUHumphries LL; Shirley P; Allen M; Codd EE; Walker RF EM8601 IDNIH/AG 02867 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1073-81 MJBlood Platelets; Mental Disorders; Serotonin MNAdolescence; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa /BL; Circadian Rhythm; Depressive Disorder /BL; Hyperphagia /BL; Kinetics; Middle Age; Psychotic Disorders /BL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000764 TITardive dyskinesia: relation to computer-tomographic, endocrine, and psychopathological variables. ABSeverity of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and psychopathology of 36 chronic schizophrenic patients under long-term treatment with neuroleptics (NL) was rated during NL therapy and again 12 days after NL withdrawal. Both times serum levels of prolactin, norepinephrine, beta-endorphin, and cortisol were determined. In 27 of these patients ventricular-brain ratio, width of third ventricle, maximal width of anterior horns, distance between choroid plexus, and width of four largest sulci were also measured. Fifteen patients had no signs of TD; 14 had moderate, and 7 severe TD. TD was not related to age, age at onset of illness, duration of illness, dosage and type of neuroleptics, number of ECTs, or any endocrine variable. Psychopathology was barely related to TD, but after NL withdrawal, patients with TD tended to show more deterioration, particularly with regard to thought disorder and activation. With regard to computer-tomographic (CT) variables, patients without TD showed significantly less sulcal enlargement than those with TD. These results indicate that individual predisposition, which may have led to the development of TD, also seems to involve a higher risk of relapse after NL withdrawal. AUAlbus M; Naber D; Muller-Spahn F ; Douillet P; Reinertshofer T; Ackenheil M EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1082-9 MJDyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Hormones; Schizophrenia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tranquilizing Agents, Major MNAdult; Brain /PA; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced /PA /PX; Endorphins /BL; Hydrocortisone /BL; Middle Age; Norepinephrine /BL; Prolactin /BL; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /DI; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN458-24-2 (Fenfluramine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000765 TIA comparison of the acute effects of dextroamphetamine and fenfluramine in depression. ABFenfluramine (Fen) 40 mg, a selective releaser of serotonin, and dextroamphetamine (Dex) 15 mg were administered in a double-blind crossover design to 16 subjects with major affective disorder, depression. Three hours after administration both drugs significantly improved depression and improved vigor, fatigue, and confusion-bewilderment on the subscales of the Profile of Mood States. Dex was significantly better than Fen only on the vigor and fatigue subscales. Other data from this study suggest that when used acutely Fen can mimic long-term antidepressant effects, whereas the acute effects of Dex are similar to its stimulating effects in normals. AUWard NG; Ang J; Pavinich G EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1090-7 MJDepressive Disorder; Dextroamphetamine; Fenfluramine MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Depressive Disorder /PX; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Norepinephrine /BL; Psychological Tests; Serotonin /BL MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN458-24-2 (Fenfluramine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000766 TIPilot study on the effects of fenfluramine on negative symptoms in twelve schizophrenic inpatients. ABWe treated 12 chronic schizophrenic inpatients with fenfluramine, an anorexigenic drug that depletes serotonin, to test the hypothesis that the ╥negative╙ symptoms of schizophrenia might be related to brain serotonin activity. We measured change in both positive and negative symptoms in a double-blind, parallel-design trial of fenfluramine or placebo. Negative symptoms improved over time in some individuals within the active treatment group, but not in individuals within the placebo group. However, group comparisons of active treatment versus placebo were not significant. AUStahl SM; Uhr SB; Berger PA EM8601 IDMH-30854 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1098-102 MJFenfluramine; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology MNAdult; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Serotonin /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.5.1.1 (Asparaginase); 0 (polyethyleneglycol-asparaginase); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 7006-34-0 (Asparagine) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000767 TIUse of the polyethylene glycol adduct of L-asparaginase for the treatment of hyperasparaginemia in a schizophrenic patient. ABA man with hyperasparaginemia, presumably due to chronic deficiency of asparaginase activity, had been schizophrenic and unresponsive to antipsychotic drugs for at least 22 years. He was given repeated injections of bacterial L-asparaginase rendered relatively nonimmunogenic by covalent binding to polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG-asparaginase lowered plasma asparagine concentrations from 4 to 5 SD above normal down to undetectable levels, and eliminated asparagine from the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite biochemical correction lasting at least 55 days, the patient did not improve psychiatrically. Experience limited to this single patient suggests that PEG-asparaginase therapy is relatively innocuous, but does not clarify whether there is an etiological relationship between hyperasparaginemia and psychiatric illness. AUPerry TL; Wright JM; Hansen S; Davis FF; Abuchowski A EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1103-8 MJAmino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Asparaginase /TU; Asparagine; Polyethylene Glycols; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors /EN; Asparaginase /DF; Aspartic Acid /BL; Brain /EN; Schizophrenia /EN MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000768 TIThe effect of nonsedating doses of diazepam on regional cerebral blood flow. ABDrugs like diazepam induce tranquilization in small doses and sedation in larger quantities. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured before and 5 min after the intravenous administration of nonsedating doses of diazepam or placebo (given on a double-blind basis) to 20 right-handed volunteers. Subjects who received diazepam showed marked right hemispheric rCBF decreases, especially in the frontal lobe, whereas controls did not show significant differences between the two sets of values. None of the subjects became sleepy during the experiment. AUMathew RJ; Wilson WH; Daniel DG EM8601 IDMH 38627 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1109-16 MJCerebrovascular Circulation; Diazepam MNAdult; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Frontal Lobe /BS; Occipital Lobe /BS; Parietal Lobe /BS; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Temporal Lobe /BS MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000769 TINormal pressure hydrocephalus and psychiatric patients. AUDewan MJ; Bick PA EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1127-31 MJHydrocephalus, Normal Pressure; Hydrocephalus; Organic Mental Disorders, Psychotic MNCerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; Dementia /ET; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure /SU; Manic Disorder /ET; Schizophrenia /ET MTHuman IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000770 TILateralization of visual hallucinations in chronic schizophrenia. AUBracha HS; Cabrera FJ Jr; Karson CN; Bigelow LB EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1132-6 MJDominance, Cerebral; Hallucinations; Schizophrenic Psychology; Visual Perception MNAdult; Auditory Perception; Chronic Disease MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000771 TIGender effects seen in the cerebral ventricular/brain ratio (VBR). AUBridge TP; Parker ES; Ingraham L; Bickham CE EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1136-8 MJBrain; Cerebral Ventricles; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Body Height; Middle Age; Reference Values; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male RN599-79-1 (Salicylazosulfapyridine) IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000772 TIPersonality traits and acetylator status. AUSaiz-Ruiz J; Aguilera JC EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p1138-40 MJPersonality Disorders; Salicylazosulfapyridine; Sulfonamides MNAcetylation; Adult; Depressive Disorder /FG; MMPI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-3223 LAEnglish JCA3S SBM UI86000773 TIGilles de la Tourette syndrome and the neurological basis of obsessions and compulsions. ABGilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a chronic neurological disorder manifested by involuntary motor tics and vocalizations. Many GTS patients also suffer from obsessions and compulsions. The clinical similarities between GTS and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), their occurrence among members of the same families, and the fact that both can be observed as symptoms of known basal ganglia disturbances suggest that GTS and OCD share common neurological mechanisms. It is hypothesized that the tics and vocalizations of GTS are aberrant manifestations of simple motor programs that are spontaneously generated by the basal ganglia and that obsessions and compulsions represent more complex motor plans initiated by similar anomalous activities. AUCummings JL; Frankel M EM8601 SOBiol Psychiatry (United States), Oct 1985, 20(10) p117-26 MJGilles de la Tourette's Disease /PP; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder /PP; Organic Mental Disorders /PP MNBasal Ganglia /PP; Gilles de la Tourette's Disease /DI /FG; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder /DI /FG; Organic Mental Disorders /DI /FG MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0301-0511 LAEnglish JCA3U SBM UI86000774 TIIntroversion, attention and the late positive component of event-related potentials. ABVariation in P3 amplitude across normal individuals under the same experimental conditions has been routinely observed. The possibility that such variation reflects individual differences in the allocation of attention was examined by comparing P3 amplitude in introverts and extraverts, who are thought to differ in the allocation of attention during monotonous tasks. Event-related potentials were recorded while the subjects participated in a lengthy stimulus prediction task. P3 amplitude was determined by principal components analysis and it was found to be significantly larger for the introverts than for the extraverts. This finding is interpreted as evidence that P3 amplitude is sensitive to individual differences in the allocation of attention. AUDaruna JH; Karrer R; Rosen AJ EM8601 SOBiol Psychol (Netherlands), Jun 1985, 20(4) p249-59 MJAttention; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Introversion (Psychology) MNAdult; Extraversion (Psychology); Reaction Time MTFemale; Human; Male IS0301-0511 LAEnglish JCA3U SBM UI86000775 TICardiac responses to psychological tasks: impedance cardiographic studies. ABIn a series of studies, cardiac activity, assessed with an impedance cardiograph, was monitored as college students performed either a visual search or pursuit rotor task. Heart rate, systolic time intervals, stroke volume, cardiac output and the Heather (1969) index of contractility were measured before, during and after performance. In the first study, visual search did not affect the participants' (N = 44) level of cardiac output or their length of the pre-ejection period. It is likely that the lack of charge in cardiac output resulted from a fall in stroke volume and in the Heather index while the task was performed. Heart rate was most rapid during performance and emerged as the only measure affected by the withdrawal of monetary incentives for failure to solve the visual search problem. In the second study, 40 subjects performed a pursuit rotor task and increases in cardiac output as well as changes in all of the other cardiac measures occurred. The level of task difficulty influenced the extent of heart rate increases and stroke volume decreases during performance. An additional 20 male subjects participated in a third study in which the level of difficulty of the pursuit rotor task was signalled and the order of the levels of difficulty was balanced across trial blocks. Under these conditions, the changes in cardiac activity before, during and after performance were similar to those observed in the first two studies. Heart rate was the only measure sensitive to the level of task difficulty. In general, the findings underscore the sensitivity of heart rate to changes in subtle aspects of psychological situations. To enlist increases in cardiac output and inotropic parameters extensive alterations in behavioral state are required. AUHarrell JP; Clark VR EM8601 SOBiol Psychol (Netherlands), Jun 1985, 20(4) p261-83 MJHeart; Psychomotor Performance; Visual Perception MNAdolescence; Adult; Cardiac Output; Cardiography, Impedance; Heart Rate; Motivation; Myocardial Contraction; Stroke Volume; Systole MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0301-0511 LAEnglish JCA3U SBM UI86000776 TITranscutaneous partial oxygen tension and skin blood flow monitoring: continuous, noninvasive measures of cardiorespiratory change. ABTranscutaneous partial oxygen tension (tc pO2) and skin blood flow (via heat clearance) were measured noninvasively in 22 male subjects who performed stress-inducing tasks (i.e. hand-grip exercise, cold pressor test, breath holding, hyperventilation and mirror-tracing). An analysis of variance and covariance was conducted for tc pO2, heat clearance, heart rate, respiration rate, finger pulse volume and systolic/diastolic blood pressure. Results indicate that tc pO2 can depict phasic cardiorespiratory challenge. Heat clearance proved to be less sensitive to the demand conditions used here. An analysis of covariance revealed a negative correlation between tc pO2 and blood pressure and respiration rate, as well as a positive correlation between tc pO2 and heat clearance. This suggests that phasic changes in tc pO2 are induced by both peripheral vasomotor activity and changes in arterial pO2. AUGreenlee MW; Akita M EM8601 SOBiol Psychol (Netherlands), Jun 1985, 20(4) p285-94 MJCardiovascular System; Monitoring, Physiologic; Respiration; Stress MNAdult; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Oxygen /PH; Polarography; Skin Temperature; Skin /BS MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000777 TIPheromone-induced reproductive inhibition in young female Peromyscus leucopus. ABSoiled bedding and urine from adult female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were tested for their capacity to inhibit reproduction of young females. Test animals were given either physical or airborne contact with soiled bedding from adult females, adult female urine, clean bedding, or water from 21 to 150 days of age. Results indicate that reproductive inhibition is due to an airborne pheromone emitted by the adult females as a component of their urine. In the second experiment, young female mice were exposed to an adult female for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h/day from 21 to 150 days of age. Results from this experiment show that exposure to adult females of as little as 3 h/day was sufficient to cause reproductive inhibition to occur. This phenomenon has important implications in terms of both female-female reproductive competition and socially mediated population regulation. AUHaigh GR; Lounsbury DM; Gordon TA EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p271-6 MJPeromyscus; Pheromones; Reproduction MNPregnancy MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000778 TIFollicular fluid effects on progesterone secretion are not due to follicle-stimulating hormone or steroids. ABAn antiserum raised against porcine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was unable to eliminate the stimulatory action of fluid from large antral porcine follicles on progesterone secretion by granulosa cells from small antral porcine follicles. The same titers of the antiserum were completely effective at eliminating the effect of 2 micrograms of NIH-FSH-P12, whereas maximal stimulation of progesterone secretion was observed with 0.5 micrograms FSH/ml. The androgen and estrogen concentrations measured in charcoal-treated inhibitory follicular fluid from small porcine antral follicles and from stimulatory follicular fluid from large follicles were added separately and together to culture media supplemented with serum to determine if these low concentrations (5 X 10(-11) to 5 X 10(-10) M) of steroids could mimic the actions of follicular fluid on progesterone secretion. Neither the inhibitory nor the stimulatory actions of the follicular fluids could be mimicked by these low concentrations of steroids. Higher concentration of steroids (10(-8) to 10(-7) M range) did stimulate progesterone secretion as reported by others. Our data indicate that the actions of charcoal-treated follicular fluids on granulosa cell progesterone secretion cannot be explained by difference in FSH or steroid contents between the inhibitory and stimulatory fluids and serum. AULedwitz-Rigby F; Petito SH; Tyner JK; Rigby BW EM8601 IDRR-07176 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p277-85 MJFSH; Graafian Follicle; Granulosa Cells /PH; Progesterone MNGranulosa Cells /DE; Swine MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000779 TIEvidence for the existence of substance P in the prepubertal rat ovary. I. Biochemical and physiologic studies. ABThe presence of substance P (SP) in the immature rat ovary was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) of acidic extracts. The extracts produced an inhibition-displacement curve of 125I-SP binding parallel to that generated by authentic SP in the SP RIA. Initial chromatographic characterization of ovarian SP in Sephadex G-25 revealed the presence of a molecular form that coeluted with authentic SP and a more abundant component that eluted earlier, suggesting the presence of a heavier peptide, immunologically similar to SP. Nevertheless, further characterization of these two seemingly different components by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that both of them had a retention time similar to that of authentic SP. The ovarian concentration of SP-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) varied in relation to the onset of puberty, with values increasing significantly between the late juvenile phase and the day of first proestrus. Substance P seems to be devoid of steroidogenic capacity since SP itself and its stable analog [pGlu5,MePhe8,Sar9]-SP5-11 (SP-A) failed to stimulate steroid secretion from either granulosa cells in culture or ovarian fragments in short-term incubation. Substance P also failed to stimulate prostaglandin E2 release from whole ovaries and to modify the steroidal response of cultured granulosa cells to follicle-stimulating hormone and to the beta 2-adrenergic agonist Zinterol. Production of SP-LI from granulosa cells in culture could not be detected under either basal or gonadotropin-stimulated conditions. These observations and the distribution of the peptide within the ovary presented in the companion paper (Dees et al., this issue) strongly suggest that SP is not directly involved in regulating steroidogenesis. Instead, SP may be a component of the so-called sensory innervation of the ovary, and among other undisclosed functions it may contribute to the regulation of ovarian blood flow. AUOjeda SR; Costa ME; Katz KH; Hersh LB EM8601 IDNIDA 02243 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p286-95 MJOvary; Substance P /PH MNCells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Estradiol /SE; Ovary /SE; Prostaglandins E /SE; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Substance P /AN MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.- (alpha-1,4-glucosidase); EC 3.2.1.- (Glucosidases); EC 3.2.1.20 (Alpha-Glucosidases); 541-15-1 (Carnitine) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000780 TIMajor contribution of epididymis to alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. ABAcid alpha-glucosidase and L-carnitine (a well-known epididymal marker) were measured in rete testis and epididymal fluids of adult male rams. These fluids were collected by selective catheterization or by a micropuncture technique, respectively. Both parameters remained at a low and constant level in rete testis and all along caput and corpus epididymidis. Then they increased at equivalent rates in cauda epididymidis to much higher levels than those in seminal plasma (5 mU/mg protein and 10 mM, respectively). An optimum pH study of alpha-glucosidase activity in these fluids showed two well-separated peaks in rete testis and caput epididymal fluids around pH 4 and 7, respectively, but only a single peak at pH 4 in cauda epididymidis that was comparable to the one in seminal plasma. Sucrose density gradient fractions analyzed for their enzyme content in the absence or presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (1% w/v), a selective inhibitor of acid alpha-glucosidase activity, allowed the demonstration of two enzyme forms at pH 6.8 in rete testis fluid sedimenting in the 7S and 4S regions of the gradient, while a unique 4S form was encountered in cauda epididymidis and in seminal plasma. Although the fate of the minor 7S component of the rete testis fluid in its epididymal transit is presently unknown, similarities between the enzyme in cauda epididymidis and seminal plasma are strong enough to support the hypothesis that epididymis contributes primarily to the acid alpha-glucosidase content of ram seminal plasma. AUBesancon J ; Dacheux JL; Paquin R; Tremblay RR EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p296-301 MJAlpha-Glucosidases; Carnitine; Epididymis /ME; Glucosidases; Rete Testis /ME; Semen; Testis MNEpididymis /EN; Rete Testis /EN; Sheep MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000781 TISexual maturation in male Belding's ground squirrels: influence of body weight. ABThe relation between body weight and sexual maturation was examined in a hibernator, Belding's ground squirrel, by manipulating the availability of food to weaned juvenile males. Following body weight manipulation in the summer, testicular growth, serum testosterone, and spermatogenesis were monitored during the subsequent year, which included 7 mo when males were in the coldroom (ca. 8 degrees C), followed by 5 mo in the laboratory (ca. 20 degrees C). Juveniles (less than 1 yr old) maintained on a restricted diet entered the coldroom at normal body weights for their age class in nature and had immature gonads throughout the year, which is characteristic of this group in the field. In contrast, juveniles given abundant food during the summer entered the coldroom at body weights typical for free-living yearlings and exhibited mature gonads shortly after males were removed from the cold (high relative testis weights, high serum testosterone levels, and all stages of spermatogenesis). The high level of gonadal activity in overfed males was confined to a period of a few weeks in the spring, which coincided with the time when mating occurs in nature. The ability of male Belding's ground squirrels to accumulate body weight prior to hibernation seems important to sexual maturation in this seasonally breeding rodent. AUBushberg DM; Holmes WG EM8601 IDHD-11311 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p302-8 MJBody Weight; Sciuridae; Sex Maturation MNOrgan Weight; Seasons; Spermatogenesis; Testis /PH; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN28831-65-4 (lithospermic acid); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000782 TIEffect of purified lithospermic acid and its oxidation product on luteinizing hormone release in vitro. ABCrude aqueous extracts of the plant Lithospermum ruderale have been shown to have antigonadotropic activity that resides in its polyphenolic fractions. This study examined the ability of one such polyphenol, lithospermic acid (LA), and its oxidation product(s) (oxyLA) to inhibit luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in vitro. Primary pituitary cultures were exposed for 4.5 or 6 h to either LA or oxyLA. In the presence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), oxyLA was at least 10 times more potent than LH in inhibiting LH release. In the absence of GnRH, oxyLA but not LA caused an increase in LH release. After washing to remove the oxyLA and LA, cultures were challenged with GnRH. Only cultures pretreated with oxyLA showed a decrease in GnRH-stimulated LH release. These results indicate that oxyLA may contain the primary antigonadotropic agents in L. ruderale. The different responses observed in the presence and absence of GnRH, and the morphologic features of the oxyLA-treated cultures, suggest that the mechanism of action may involve the cell membrane of the gonadotrope. AUFindley WE; Hollstein U; Besch PK EM8601 IDRR-05425 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p309-15 MJBenzofurans /PD; LH; Pituitary Gland, Anterior MNBenzofurans /ME; Cells, Cultured; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /SE; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /DU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000783 TIChanges in patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion before and after the first ovulation in the postpartum mare. ABTo determine whether luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion during the first estrous cycle postpartum is characterized by pulsatile release, circulating LH concentrations were measured in 8 postpartum mares, 4 of which had been treated with 150 mg progesterone and 10 mg estradiol daily for 20 days after foaling to delay ovulation. Blood samples were collected every 15 min for 8 h on 4 occasions: 3 times during the follicular phase (Days 2-4, 5-7, and 8-11 after either foaling or end of steroid treatment), and once during the luteal phase (Days 5-8 after ovulation). Ovulation occurred in 4 mares 13.2 +/- 0.6 days postpartum and in 3 of 4 mares 12.0 +/- 1.1 days post-treatment. Before ovulation, low-amplitude LH pulses (approximately 1 ng/ml) were observed in 3 mares; such LH pulses occurred irregularly (1-2/8 h) and were unrelated to mean circulating LH levels, which gradually increased from less than 1 ng/ml at foaling or end of steroid treatment to maximum levels (12.3 ng/ml) within 48 h after ovulation. In contrast, 1-3 high-amplitude LH pulses (3.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) were observed in 6 of 7 mares during an 8-h period of the luteal phase. The results suggest that in postpartum mares LH release is pulsatile during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, whereas before ovulation LH pulses cannot be readily identified. AUFitzgerald BP; I'Anson H; Legan SJ; Loy RG EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p316-23 MJHorses; LH /SE; Ovulation; Puerperium MNLH /BL; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000784 TISeasonal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in the ewe: relationship of frequency of LH pulses to day length and response to estradiol negative feedback. ABSeasonal changes in pulsatile luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in ovariectomized ewes were examined over the course of 2 yr in relation to annual changes in environmental photoperiod, shifts in response to estradiol negative feedback control of LH secretion, and timing of the breeding season. Under natural environmental conditions, the frequency of LH pulses in individual ovariectomized ewes changed gradually and in close association with the annual cycle of day length. As days became shorter in late summer and autumn, LH pulse frequency increased; conversely, as day length increased in late winter and spring, frequency declined. Under artificial conditions in which ovariectomized ewes were exposed to different photoperiods, a similar inverse relationship was observed between day length and LH pulse frequency. The seasonal changes in frequency of LH pulses in ovariectomized ewes, although symmetric with the annual photoperiodic cycle, were not temporally coupled to the dramatic shifts in response to estradiol feedback inhibition of LH secretion at the transitions between breeding season and anestrus. The feedback shifts occurred abruptly and at times when LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes was at, or near, the annual maximum or minimum. The tight coupling between LH pulse frequency and photoperiod leads to the conclusion that there is a photoperiodic drive to the LH pulse-generating system of the ewe. The temporal dissociation between changes in this photoperiodic drive and the seasonal shifts in response to estradiol negative feedback support the hypothesis that the neuroendocrine basis for these two phenomena is not one and the same. AURobinson JE; Radford HM; Karsch FJ EM8601 IDHD-11311; HD-18337 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p324-34 MJEstradiol; LH /SE; Light; Seasons MNFeedback; LH /BL; Ovariectomy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000785 TIDesensitization of mouse Leydig cells in vivo: evidence for the depletion of cellular cholesterol. ABThe study presents a characterization of the refractory state in purified mouse Leydig cells desensitized by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in vivo. The treatment of mice with 1 microgram hCG i.p. for 48 h followed by Leydig cell isolation and purification resulted in a decrease in the maxima of hCG-induced cAMP accumulation and testosterone production by approximately 70% and approximately 55%, respectively, when compared to cells of control mice. Despite a 55% reduction in 125I-hCG binding sites, the sensitivity of stimulation was not changed. The refractoriness in testosterone production in vitro was also present when the Leydig cells were stimulated with cholera toxin or dibutyryl cAMP; however, it was not observed when testosterone production was induced by the addition of pregnenolone or 20 alpha- and 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol. Mouse lipoproteins, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in natural composition, were also able to overcome the steroidogenic block (although not always completely). On the basis of the cholesterol content of the lipoproteins, the two classes were similarly effective. They increased maximal hCG-induced testosterone production not only in desensitized cells, but also in control cells (by 80-100%), whereas their effect on basal testosterone production was negligible. In desensitized cells from hCG-treated mice (2 micrograms i.p., 48 h) cellular unesterified and esterified cholesterol were decreased by 21% and 81%, respectively, when compared to control cells. This loss occurred in the face of unchanged plasma cholesterol levels. In conclusion, our data indicate that the impaired steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells desensitized in vivo by a single injection of hCG is the result of a depletion in cellular cholesterol, rather than of an impaired conversion of cholesterol to testosterone. AUSchumacher M; Schwarz M; Leidenberger F EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p335-45 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Cholesterol /ME; Gonadotropins, Chorionic; Leydig Cells; Testosterone MNCholesterol /BL; Leydig Cells /ME; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /ME; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol /ME; Mice MTAnimal; Male RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000786 TINegative feedback regulation of gonadotropin secretion by androgens in fetal rhesus macaques. ABPreviously we described sex differences in circulating gonadotropin concentrations (greater in females) in fetal rhesus macaques, and demonstrated that these sex differences relate, at least in part, to the negative feedback actions of testicular secretions. A fully functional gonadal-hypothalamic-pituitary feedback relationship is present as early as Day 100 of gestation in fetal males because castration at this time results in a dramatic increase (greater than 10-fold) in fetal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. Although short-term (6-h) treatment of fetuses with testosterone (T) 3 wk after gonadectomy (GX) does not lower LH levels in males, it is completely effective in females. These data suggest that either T is not the primary testicular factor responsible for feedback suppression of LH in fetal males, or the hypothalamic-pituitary axis becomes insensitive to T after GX. To determine if immediate treatment with T after GX is effective in maintaining LH levels, we gonadectomized five fetal rhesus males on Days 98-104 of gestation and immediately implanted crystalline-T-containing intraabdominal Silastic capsules. An additional five fetuses were treated with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Umbilical arterial samples for hormone analysis were obtained prior to GX and again approximately 3 wk later. Serum from control males (n = 11) castrated in utero on Day 100 of gestation contained significantly greater concentrations of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 3 wk after the operation than before GX. Five sham-operated male fetuses did not have elevated levels of either LH or FSH in their serum on Day 120 of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUResko JA; Ellinwood WE EM8601 IDRR-00163; HD-16022 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p346-52 MJFSH /SE; Fetus; LH /SE; Stanolone /PD; Testosterone /PD MNEstradiol /BL; FSH /BL; Feedback; LH /BL; Macaca mulatta; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Progesterone /BL; Stanolone /BL; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000787 TIDevelopment of hamster circadian rhythms. I. Within-litter synchrony of mother and pup activity rhythms at weaning. ABThe circadian wheel-running activity rhythms of individual hamster pups raised and maintained in constant dim light were measured beginning at 18 days of age. Records of the postweaning free-running activity rhythm were used to determine the phase of a pup's rhythm on the day of weaning and its phase relationship to its mother's rhythm. Although raised in constant light, the rhythms of pups within a litter were approximately synchronous and in phase with their mother's activity rhythm. These results indicate that the circadian oscillator underlying the activity rhythm is functional prior to weaning and is entrained by some as yet unidentified aspect of maternal rhythmicity. Furthermore, the results suggest that even in the absence of external entraining cycles, behavioral rhythms, and perhaps physiologic rhythms as well, of a mother and her offspring are normally synchronized. AUDavis FC; Gorski RA EM8601 ID5R01 HD-01182; 5F32 HD-05916 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p353-62 MJCircadian Rhythm; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Motor Activity MNExertion; Light; Weaning MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000789 TIIdentification and partial characterization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like factors in human seminal plasma. ABGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like material was measured by radioimmunoassay in acid-ethanol-extracted human seminal plasma using radiolabeled D-[Leu6] GnRH ethylamide as labeled ligand, authentic GnRH as standard, and antibody raised against D-[Lys6] GnRH analog. The mean amount of GnRH-like material measured in the seminal plasma of semen samples with sperm counts greater than 20 X 10(6)/ml was 229.0 +/- 66 pg/ml, with sperm counts less than 20 X 10(6)/ml was 213 +/- 42 pg/ml, and from vasectomized samples was 252 +/- 36 pg/ml. There was no significant difference among the three groups. Scatchard analysis of radioreceptor binding data demonstrated significant displacement of GnRH agonist ligand from castrated male rat pituitary membrane preparations. Ultrafiltration and gel column chromatography of pooled extracted seminal plasma identified two compounds with apparent molecular weights of 2600 and 5000 that differ chemically and immunologically from native GnRH. Further characterization using affinity column chromatography suggests that at least one of these GnRH-like factors is a glycosylated protein. AUSokol RZ; Peterson M; Heber D; Swerdloff RS EM8601 IDRR-00425; 1 R01 HD-15132 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p370-4 MJLH-FSH Releasing Hormone; Semen MNChromatography, Gel; Infertility, Male /PP; Radioimmunoassay; Ultrafiltration; Vasectomy MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000790 TIPulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to anestrous sows: endocrine changes associated with GnRH-induced and spontaneous estrus. ABThis experiment determined whether pulsatile administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) would induce estrus and ovulation in seasonally anestrous primiparous sows and compared endocrine responses of GnRH-induced sows with those of primiparous sows that exhibited spontaneous estrus after weaning. Seventeen primiparous Landrace X Large White sows farrowed in August 1982, lactated 23.8 +/- 0.4 days (mean +/- SEM), and weaned 9.0 +/- 0.3 pigs per litter. Blood for determination of progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and estradiol-17 beta (E) was collected every 6 h from 1 day before to 12 days after weaning. Twelve sows exhibited spontaneous estrus 135 +/- 9 h after weaning, and these sows were considered to be normal. Five sows were anestrous for at least 23 days postweaning and failed to ovulate, as indicated by concentrations of progesterone that were less than 1.0 ng/ml in blood samples collected daily during this period. From Day 0 to Day 30 postweaning, levels of estradiol in anestrous sows varied between 3 and 30 pg/ml, concentrations of LH were low, and preovulatory-like LH surges did not occur. Beginning on Day 30 postweaning, four anestrous sows were given 1.5 micrograms GnRH (i.v.) hourly until onset of estrus and blood was collected every 6 h during GnRH treatment. The average interval from beginning of GnRH treatment to onset of estrus was 84 +/- 5 h (range 72 to 96 h). Patterns of estradiol and LH secretion around estrus were similar in normal sows and those treated with GnRH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUArmstrong JD; Britt JH EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p375-80 MJEstradiol; Estrus; LH; Ovulation; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /PD MNEstrus /DE; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /AD; Swine MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000791 TIPrepuberal reproductive defects in neonatal estrogenized male rats. ABIntact Wistar male rats injected on Day 1 with 500 micrograms of estradiol benzoate or olive oil were decapitated on Days 15 and 22 or maintained until adulthood to analyze the balanopreputial separation. Other oil or estradiol-treated rats were orchidectomized on Day 15 and decapitated on Day 22. The neonatal estrogenization produced the following reproductive changes prior to puberty: testis, adrenal, and ventral prostate atrophy; increase in the weights of seminal vesicles and epididymis; decrease in testosterone plasma levels; delayed balanopreputial separation; abolition of luteinizing hormone response to orchidectomy; transient increase in prolactin plasma levels; and blockade in seminal and prostate response to orchidectomy. AUBellido C; Gaytan F ; Aguilar R; Pinilla L; Aguilar E EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p381-7 MJAnimals, Newborn; Estradiol /PD; Testis /PA MNAdrenal Glands /DE; Atrophy; Body Weight /DE; Estradiol /BL; LH /BL; Organ Weight /DE; Pituitary Gland /DE; Prolactin /BL; Prostate /DE /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Testis /DE; Testosterone /BL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000792 TIIn vitro fertilization in the rabbit after delayed ovum recovery. ABRabbit ovum donors were superovulated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ova were recovered 16-17 h post-hCG from oviducts immediately after killing and from excised oviducts held in saline 30 min at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C prior to ovum recovery. In vivo-capacitated spermatozoa were used to inseminate both groups of ova. Data revealed a decrease in fertilization rates following a 30-min delay at 38 degrees C in ovum recovery. Thus, 64% (44/69 ova) were fertilized with rapid recovery, whereas 43% (39/90 ova) were fertilized following a 30-min delay. The decrease in fertilization imposed by delay in ovum recovery was apparently overcome when oviduct storage was at 33 degrees C. Under these conditions, 69% of inseminated ova were fertilized. Ova inseminated with in vitro-capacitated sperm showed a similar response to delayed ovum recovery. Embryonic development in culture of ova obtained from mated does was not affected by delay in recovery at 33 degrees or 38 degrees C provided mated does had been injected only with hCG. Ova from mated does receiving both PMSG and hCG were adversely affected by a 38 degrees C delay. The data emphasize the importance of rapid ovum recovery from oviducts and suggest the possibility of altering conditions to overcome damaging effects of delayed recovery. AUKeefer CL; Bennett KA; Brackett BG EM8601 IDHD-09406; HD-19288 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p388-92 MJFertilization in Vitro; Ovum MNRabbits; Specimen Handling; Sperm Capacitation; Superovulation MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN66-81-9 (Cycloheximide); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000793 TIThe effects of cycloheximide on in vitro response of Rana pipiens pituitaries to continuously superfused gonadotropin-releasing hormone. ABAn in vitro superfusion system was used to examine the effects of cycloheximide on the responsiveness of hemipituitaries from male Rana pipiens chronically treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Control hemipituitaries superfused with medium (DME) alone showed a rapid initial response to 100 ng/ml GnRH, and LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) levels remained above baseline throughout up to 13 h of treatment with GnRH. Subsequent to a 2-h rinse with DME alone following the initial treatment with GnRH, these control tissues showed a highly augmented increase in gonadotropin secretion in response to a final hour of GnRH superfusion, suggesting self-priming with as little as 5 h of initial GnRH treatment. Hemipituitaries treated with 71 microM cycloheximide showed a similar rapid initial response to 100 ng/ml GnRH, but levels declined to less than in control tissues within 3 h. Moreover, these tissues exhibited only slight responses when challenged with GnRH a second time. There were also no significant differences in response to GnRH by glands pretreated with cycloheximide for either 3 or 9 h. These results indicate the presence of a rapidly releasable pool of gonadotropin responsible for the initial response to GnRH that has minimal requirements for protein synthesis, and a second pool dependent upon protein synthesis that is involved in the maintenance of elevated gonadotropin secretion in response to chronically superfused GnRH, and for self-priming. AUPorter DA EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p393-400 MJCycloheximide; FSH; LH; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones MNPituitary Gland, Anterior /SE; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.- (20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases); EC 1.1.1.149 (20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase); 13311-84-7 (Flutamide); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 52806-53-8 (Sch 16423); 53-16-7 (Estrone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione); 9012-63-9 (Cholera Toxin) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000794 TIInhibition of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by follicle-stimulating hormone and androgens in cultured rat granulosa cells: a search for the mechanism of action. ABAlterations of progesterone metabolism and especially of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) activity were studied in cultured rat granulosa cells following various treatments. The cells were incubated for up to 48 h with or without follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androgens, hydroxyflutamide, estrogens, chlorea toxin, and dibutyryl cAMP [Bu2 cAMP]. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 3 h with [4-14 C] progesterone (0.5 microM). The progesterone utilization and accumulation of 20 alpha-reduced and 5 alpha-reduced metabolites were assessed following thin-layer chromatography separation of radiolabeled steroids. Both FSH (1 microgram/ml) and testosterone (0.5 microM) decreased the 20 alpha-HSD activity by decreasing the maximal velocity (by 52% and 37%, respectively) without changing significantly the Km value. The inhibition of 20 alpha-HSD was demonstrable following 12 and 24 h exposure to FSH and following 24 and 48 h exposure to testosterone. Effects comparable to that induced by testosterone were elicited by other androgens (androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone), but not by estrogens (estradiol-17 beta and estrone). Hydroxyflutamide reversed testosterone-induced effects: the increase of endogenous progesterone accumulation and the decrease of 20 alpha-HSD activity. Both cholera toxin (0.001-10 micrograms/ml) and Bu2 cAMP (62.5-1000 micrograms/ml) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of 20 alpha-HSD activity. Present results indicate that: the inhibition of 20 alpha-HSD by both FSH and androgens may be of a noncompetitive nature; androgen action on 20 alpha-HSD may be a true androgenic, receptor-mediated effect; and cAMP may mediate the FSH action on 20 alpha-HSD activity. AUDuleba AJ; Kim KS; Ho Yuen B; Moon YS EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p401-10 MJ20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Androgens; FSH; Granulosa Cells /ME; Progesterone MN20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases /ME; Androstenedione /PD; Cells, Cultured; Cholera Toxin /PD; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Estradiol /PD; Estrone /PD; Flutamide /AA /PD; Granulosa Cells /DE /EN; Progesterone /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stanolone /PD; Testosterone /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000795 TIGeographic variation in litter size in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus): factors influencing ovulation rate. ABLitter size in many mammalian populations varies along a gradient of latitude or altitude. This investigation tested the hypothesis that geographic variation in litter size among populations of the cotton rat is the result of differences in ovulation rate. Oviducts and uteri of virgin and recently mated lab-reared descendants of cotton rats from Kansas (KS), Texas (TX), and Tennessee (TN) were flushed on the day following the last day of estrus. Ovulation rates differ significantly among the three populations for both virgins (mean +/- SEM, KS = 5.3 +/- 0.3, TX = 4.6 +/- 0.5, and TN = 4.0 +/- 0.5) and for females that have recently copulated (KS = 6.5 +/- 0.3, TX = 5.7 +/- 0.7, and TN = 3.7 +/- 0.4; P less than 0.001). These nonvirgin females have significantly higher ovulation rates than virgins for KS and TX (P = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively), but there is no significant effect of copulation on TN. In all populations, ovulation rates of rats that release ova from both ovaries (KS = 6.1 +/- 0.2, TX = 5.9 +/- 0.4, and TN = 5.1 +/- 0.5) are significantly higher than those that use only one ovary (KS = 4.4 +/- 0.4, TX = 3.3 +/- 0.4, and TN = 3.2 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.001). The number of ovaries ovulating differs significantly between populations (P = 0.002). The effect of copulation on the number of ovaries ovulating is marginally significant (P = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUOswald C; McClure PA EM8601 IDHD-13953 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p411-7 MJCricetidae; Litter Size; Ovulation MNKansas; Tennessee; Texas MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000796 TIPhotoperiodic regulation of reproductive development in male prairie voles: influence of laboratory breeding. ABTwo populations of male prairie voles, one derived from an outbred laboratory colony and the second consisting of F1 offspring of wild-trapped voles, were tested for responsiveness to photoperiod. Animals were reared from birth until 35 days of age either in 16L:8D or 8L:16D photoperiods. Short day lengths did not affect the reproductive apparatus of the laboratory-strain voles; however, offspring of wild-caught voles manifested arrested development of the reproductive system in short photoperiods. These results suggest that selection processes associated with laboratory husbandry can alter responsiveness to photoperiod; the use of wild-trapped animals or their F1 progeny is indicated in photoperiodism research. AUNelson RJ EM8601 IDHD-02982 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p418-22 MJCricetidae; Light; Reproduction; Sex Maturation MNOrgan Weight; Seminal Vesicles /PH; Testis /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000797 TIA suppression of gonadotropin secretion by cortisol in castrated male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) mediated by the interruption of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone release. ABFour orchidectomized rhesus monkeys (3-3.5 yr of age) were treated for 62 days with daily i.m. injections of hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) at a dose of 10-20 mg/(kg BW X day), and blood samples were obtained daily or every other day before, during, and after treatment. Hydrocortisone acetate injections resulted in a progressive rise in mean plasma cortisol from basal concentrations of 17-35 micrograms/100 ml prior to initiation of steroid treatment to approximately 150 micrograms/100 ml 5 wk later. When serum cortisol concentrations reached 100 micrograms/100 ml, 3-4 wk after the initiation of HCA treatment, circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) began to decline, reaching nondetectable concentrations 35 days later. Withdrawal of HCA resulted in a return in plasma cortisol concentrations to pretreatment control levels, which was associated with a complete restoration of gonadotropin secretion. In 2 animals, administration of an intermittent i.v. infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (0.1 micrograms/min for 3 min once every hour), which appears to stimulate the gonadotropes in a physiologic manner, reversed the cortisol-induced inhibition of gonadotropin secretion, restoring circulating LH and FSH concentrations to within 80-100% of control. These results suggest that, in the rhesus monkey, the major site of the inhibitory action of cortisol on gonadotropin release resides at a suprapituitary level and is mediated by interruption of hypothalamic GnRH release. AUDubey AK; Plant TM EM8601 IDHD-16851; HD-08610 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p423-31 MJFSH; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamus; LH; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones MNHypothalamus /SE; Macaca mulatta; Orchiectomy MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000798 TIPregnancy in young and aged rats: II. Peripheral serum progesterone concentrations. ABThe concentrations of serum progesterone (P4) were determined in 3- and 11-mo-old female rats throughout pregnancy to determine if the subnormal ovarian formation of P4 from pregnenolone (P5), previously shown in vitro in the older rats, is accompanied by lower concentrations of P4 in the peripheral serum. Beginning on Day 11 of gestation and continuing throughout the remainder of pregnancy, 11-mo-old females exhibited a decline in the number of live fetuses and an increase in the number of dead fetuses. Between Days 1 and 8 of gestation, serum P4 concentrations were similar in young and aging females. Between Days 9 and 21 of gestation, serum P4 concentrations in aging rats that maintained pregnancy, or that exhibited fetal loss, were consistently greater than in the young animals. The normal or above-normal concentrations of serum P4, despite the subnormal ovarian formation of P4 demonstrable in vitro in 11-mo-old females during the first half of pregnancy, may reflect an alteration in the peripheral catabolism of P4 or no change in ovarian secretion of P4 in vivo. Despite the changes in ovarian steroidogenesis observed in vitro, pregnancy failure in aging female rats is not related simply to subnormal content of P4 in the peripheral circulation. AUAlbrecht ED EM8601 IDAG-01336 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p432-5 MJAging; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone MNPregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin); 9002-67-9 (LH); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000799 TIOntogeny of growth hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone secretory patterns in the ram. ABThe ontogenetic changes that occur in secretory patterns of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) in rams maintained in constant photoperiod were examined. Nine ram lambs were moved to individual pens in a controlled environment (12L: 12D cycle; 18-24 degrees C temperature) at 66 days of age. Blood samples were collected via indwelling cannulae at 15-min intervals for an 8-h period at 80, 136, 192, 248, and 304 days of age. Plasma concentrations of GH, Prl, LH, and T were quantitated and parameters of the secretory patterns determined. Mean concentration of GH tended to decline with age, probably because the amplitude of secretory peaks was significantly reduced with age. There were no age-associated changes in basal concentration of GH or incidence of GH peaks. There was an increase in Prl secretion (as estimated by mean concentration) at 136 and after 248 days of age. Significant age-associated changes occurred in all parameters of LH and T secretion. At the younger ages, testosterone concentrations were low and LH concentrations were elevated. At the older ages the relationship was reversed, with LH low and testosterone high. There were no significant correlations between frequency and magnitude of LH and T peaks. The significant correlations present among parameters of LH and T secretion were between basal concentration of LH and overall mean concentration and basal concentration of T. These results suggest that LH may not be the sole tropic stimulator of acute T secretion. AUKlindt J; Ohlson DL; Davis SL; Schanbacher BD EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p436-44 MJLH; Prolactin; Somatotropin; Testosterone MNAge Factors; Sheep /GD MTAnimal; Male RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000800 TIRelative luteinizing hormone-stimulable adenylyl cyclase of the preovulatory follicle: a predictor of ovulation in the domestic hen. ABThe regulation of the ovulatory cycle of the hen (Gallus domesticus) is an enigma. The hen's ovulatory cycle is approximately 26 h in length. She lays an egg each day at a progressively later time. The hen then skips a day, resets her ╥clock╙, and a new sequence is started. We investigated if the ovary regulates the ovulatory cycle. Our biologic endpoint was the measurement of basal and luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulable adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in granulosa layers of the largest (F1) and second largest (F2) follicles. F1 and F2 follicles were obtained at lights off on nights before the first (C1; n = 7), second (C2; n = 7), or terminal ovulation (CT; n = 5) or the night before the day when no ovulation was expected (Cskip; n = 6). F1 and F2 follicles removed on C1, C2, CT, and Cskip had been these specific follicles for 32 h, 12 h, 10 h, and 8 h, respectively. Mean basal activity (pmol/min/mg protein) for the follicles was: C1 = 27.2, C2 = 44.1, CT = 60.5, and Cskip = 68.7. No significant differences were found in LH-stimulable AC activities of these F1 follicles. Relative LH (expressed as fold increase over basal) stimulation was significantly correlated (P less than 0.001) with maturity of the F1 follicle (C1 greater than C2 greater than CT greater than Cskip). No differences in AC activity were found for the F2 follicles whether they were C1, C2, CT or Cskip. For the Cskip, relative LH AC activity for the F1 follicle (2.8) was similar to that for the F2 follicle (2.7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJohnson PA; Bahr JM EM8601 IDHD-16328 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p445-50 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Graafian Follicle /EN; LH; Ovulation MNChickens; Enzyme Activation /DE; Graafian Follicle /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN145-13-1 (Pregnenolone); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000801 TIThe development of placental androstenedione and testosterone production and their utilization by the ovary for aromatization to estrogen during rat pregnancy. ABDuring rat pregnancy the placenta may provide androgens as a source of precursor for estradiol (E2) formation by the ovary. However, the relative importance of testosterone (T) and delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4 A) for ovarian E2 production is unknown. The present study therefore determined the ability of the rat placenta to convert [3H] pregnenolone (P5) substrate to [3H] delta 4 A and [3H] T, and to [3H] progesterone (P4) in vitro on Days 12, 14, 16 and 18 of gestation. The placental formation of delta 4 A and T was correlated with the uterine vein and peripheral sera concentrations of both androgens, and with their ability to be aromatized to E2 in vitro by the ovary. Placental androgen formation from P5 increased and formation of P4 decreased with advancing gestation, with the formation of delta 4 A being approximately 2- to 4-fold greater (P less than 0.01) than the formation of T on Days 12 to 16 of gestation. The conversion of P5 to delta 4 A increased (P less than 0.001) from 18 +/- 0.9 (mean percent conversion +/- SEM) on Day 12 to 53 +/- 3 and 57 +/- 4 on Days 14 and 16, respectively, then decreased (P less than 0.05) to 42 +/- 2 on Day 18. The uterine vein and peripheral sera concentrations of delta 4 A were 2- and 3-fold greater (P less than 0.05-0.001) than T, respectively, on Days 12 to 16.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJackson JA; Albrecht ED EM8601 IDAG-01336 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p451-7 MJAndrostenedione; Estradiol; Ovary; Placenta; Testosterone MNPregnancy; Pregnenolone /ME; Progesterone /BI; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000802 TISteroidogenic effect of 17 beta-estradiol on rabbit luteal cells in vitro: estrogen-induced maintenance of progesterone production. ABPrevious studies have established that 17 beta-estradiol is the principal luteotropic hormone in the rabbit. However, a direct effect of 17 beta-estradiol on rabbit luteal cell progesterone production has been difficult to show in vitro. The goal of this study was to develop a system in which the effect of estrogen on luteal cell progesterone production could be studied in vitro. To that end, a dissociated rabbit luteal cell preparation was developed using collagenase and the resultant isolated cells were studied using a perifusion system. Optimization of the cell digest procedure revealed that: inclusion of 2% bovine serum albumin in our optimal dissociation medium increased cell yield; and animals killed by cervical dislocation maintained more stable levels of progesterone during a 7-h perifusion compared to animals killed with barbituate-induced euthanasia (euthobarb). When dissociated luteal cells were perifused with medium, stable progesterone output (greater than 80% of initial levels) was observed for 5-6 h, after which medium progesterone concentrations declined. The inclusion of 17 beta-estradiol (10(-8) M) in the perifusion medium maintained progesterone output at control levels for up to 15 h. However, the maintenance of progesterone was not noted until after 5 h of perifusion, suggesting that the effect of estradiol may be time dependent. Thus, this investigation describes a rabbit luteal cell dissociation technique and perifusion system that may be used to examine the mechanism through which estradiol acts to maintain rabbit luteal progesterone production. AUMcLean MP; Miller JB EM8601 IDHD-14871; HD-00447 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p459-69 MJCorpus Luteum; Estradiol; Progesterone MNAdenyl Cyclase /ME; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Luteum /EN /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000803 TIEvidence for the existence of substance P in the prepubertal rat ovary. II. Immunocytochemical localization. ABNerve fibers containing substance P (SP) were localized in ovaries from juvenile and peripubertal rats by immunofluorescence. These fibers were closely associated with the theca externa of antral follicles, as well as being in the interstitial tissue and within the tunica adventitia of small blood vessels, mostly arterioles. Consistently, the greatest amount of SP immunoreactivity was observed surrounding the ovarian vasculature. Substance P was not detected in cells or within the corpora lutea (CL). Additionally, the peripubertal animals seemed to have a greater concentration of ovarian SP than the juvenile animals. Possible functional roles for this peptide in the ovary are discussed. AUDees WL; Kozlowski GP; Dey R; Ojeda SR EM8601 IDAA06014 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p471-6 MJOvary; Substance P MNFluorescent Antibody Technic; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000804 TILectin staining of rat testis and epididymis after ligation of excurrent ducts at different levels. ABSeven rhodamine-conjugated lectins (PNA, RCA I, SBA, Con A, WGA, UEA I, and DBA; see Table 1) were utilized in studying the staining pattern of glycoproteins in rat testis and epididymis after ligation of ductuli efferentes (DE), corpus epididymidis (CE), and vas deferens (VD) for various time periods. Ductuli efferentes ligation caused a widening of seminferous tubules and detachment of spermatids with formation of multinuclear cells. These cells acquired a strong affinity for all lectins. Corpus epididymidis ligation also caused degeneration of spermatids with increased lectin staining in some tubules, but after 7 days another cell population close to the periphery of seminiferous tubules showed an increased nuclear affinity for some lectins followed by a clear degeneration and strong cytoplasmic staining with all lectins. Vas deferens ligation caused no degenerative changes in testicular spermatids. However, the peripheral cell population showed degenerative changes similar to those found after CE ligation. In both cases this was coincident with the formation of spermatic granulomas at the site of ligation. Ductuli efferentes ligation caused a gradual decrease of intratubular content in caput epididymidis, while the contrary was true after CE ligation. The latter was associated with intratubular accumulation of lectin-positive swollen cells and sperm aggregates as well as an increased lectin staining of narrow cells in initial segment and light cells in distal caput. After VD ligation an increased staining of light cells was initially found in distal cauda and distal caput, but, concomitant with distension of the tubules this reaction decreased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVanha-Perttula T; Arya M EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p477-85 MJEpididymis; Lectins; Testis; Vasectomy MNLigation; Rats; Stains and Staining MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000805 TIIn vitro fertilization of bovine follicular oocytes obtained by laparoscopy. ABBovine follicular oocytes (n = 454), obtained after laparoscopy, were used to study in vitro capacitation, fertilization, and embryo development. Capacitation was accomplished by treating bovine spermatozoa with high ionic strength medium. Maturation, fertilization, and development studies were carried out in Brackett's defined medium or in Ham's F-10. In vitro fertilization rates, ranging from 14% to 55%, were found to be influenced by individual variations among males. Brackett's defined medium was found to be superior to Ham's F-10 for oocyte maturation, fertilization, and growth, these media giving cleavage rates of 60% and 32%, respectively. Oocytes with expanded cumuli at the time of recovery cleaved at a rate of 43%, which is significantly different from oocytes recovered without granulosa cells (22%) or oocytes with compact cumuli and corona cells (5%). The in vitro development pattern of the in vitro-fertilized embryos was found to be similar to that observed in vivo. Embryos were observed at the 2-cell stage 44.5 +/- 6.3 h after in vitro insemination, 4-cell after 59.0 +/- 9.4 h, 8-cell after 74.8 +/- 12.7 h, and 16-cell after 96.2 +/- 13.9 h (observations at 12-h intervals). The procedures described here resulted in cleavage rates of up to 60% using follicular oocytes embedded in expanded cumuli cells and semen samples from selected males. AUSirard MA; Lambert RD EM8601 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p487-94 MJFertilization in Vitro; Oocytes MNCattle; Peritoneoscopy; Sperm Capacitation MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.- (Aromatase); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 63-05-8 (Androstenedione) IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000806 TISteroidogenesis in porcine atretic follicles: loss of aromatase activity in isolated granulosa and theca. ABTo evaluate the mechanisms involved in the reduction of estrogen concentrations in porcine follicular fluid during atresia, nonatretic and atretic follicles ranging from 4 to 7 mm in diameter were selected. Follicular fluid estrogen concentrations were 7-16-fold less in the atretic follicles. Isolated granulosa cells from atretic follicles demonstrated a significant reduction in aromatase activity and in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced progesterone production in vitro compared to granulosa cells from nonatretic follicles. Isolated theca from atretic follicles also demonstrated a reduction in estrogen production. However, androgen concentrations were equivalent in the follicular fluid of atretic and nonatretic follicles, and theca from atretic follicles maintained testosterone and androstenedione production in vitro. The loss of thecal aromatase activity with atresia is not secondary to a reduction in FSH responsiveness, since FSH did not increase thecal progesterone production in vitro. Cell degeneration also does not account for the reduction in thecal estrogen production, since both androgen output in vitro and follicular fluid androgen concentrations were maintained. These data thus demonstrate that a mechanism other than reduced FSH responsiveness must account for the selective loss of thecal aromatase activity in this stage of atresia. AUMaxson WS; Haney AF; Schomberg DW EM8601 IDHD-11827 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p495-501 MJAromatase; Follicular Atresia; Follicular Phase; Granulosa Cells /ME; Steroids; Theca Cells /ME MNAndrostenedione /BI; Cells, Cultured; Estrogens /BI; Granulosa Cells /EN; Organ Culture; Progesterone /BI; Swine; Testosterone /BI; Theca Cells /EN MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000807 TILight and electron microscopic studies on the localization of steroid-binding protein (SBP) in rabbit spermatozoa. ABLight (fluorescence) and electron microscopic studies were carried out to localize steroid-binding protein (SBP) in rabbit spermatozoa. Both nonpermeabilized and permeabilized (with Tween 20, saponin, or cold acetone) spermatozoa showed fluorescence following treatment with antirabbit SBP (anti-rSBP) and subsequently with rabbit antisheep immunoglobulin G-fluorescein isothiocyanate. While the ejaculated spermatozoa were positive, epididymal sperm were observed to be negative. Although the pattern of localization of rSBP was variable, the occurrence of a negative equatorial region as well as the presence of an intense positive spherical profile (╥spot╙) at the junction of the head and midpiece were notably consistent. The intensity of labeling with the probe, both at light and electron microscopic level, was maximal following permeabilization with cold acetone. A possible role of SBP as a steroid carrier protein across the plasma membrane of the sperm has been suggested. AUDavid GF; Koehler JK; Brown JA; Petra PH; Farr AG EM8601 IDHD-13956 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p503-14 MJSex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Spermatozoa MNEpididymis /CY; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Rabbits; Spermatozoa /ME /UL MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000809 TIMouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. II. Inhibition of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida using monoclonal antibodies. ABTo dissect the process of mammalian sperm interaction with the egg at a molecular level, we have generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to mature mouse sperm using syngeneic mouse testis as the immunogen. In this paper, we report upon three members of a mAb family, all of which displayed identical immunofluorescence patterns on cauda epididymal mouse sperm. Each of these mAbs, termed M42, M5, and M41, localized to a restricted region of plasma membrane overlying the acrosome. When tested for an effect on the fertilization process in vitro, two of the mAbs, M42 and M5, demonstrated significant inhibition. The inhibitory capacity was dependent upon the presence of the zona pellucida; neither M42 nor M5 was capable of blocking fertilization when zona pellucida-free mouse eggs were used. Identification of the antigens recognized by this group of mAbs was achieved by immunologic detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate-extracted sperm components separated via electrophoresis on 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels followed by transfer to nitrocellulose. M42, which blocked fertilization, recognized a high molecular weight cluster of bands with Mr of approximately 220,000 to 240,000. M5, which also prevented fertilization, specifically recognized a sperm component with subunit molecular weight of approximately 54,000. M41, which did not interfere with fertilization, did not interact with any high molecular weight components, but recognized components with Mr of approximately 60,000, 35,000, and 21,000. Taken together with the work presented in a companion paper (Saling, Irons, and Waibel, this issue), we have demonstrated that it is possible to describe particular cellular regions of mammalian sperm with respect not only to location and function, but also to the molecules that are candidates for a role in that function. AUSaling PM; Lakoski KA EM8601 IDHD-18201 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p527-36 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Fertilization; Ovum; Spermatozoa; Zona Pellucida MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Spermatozoa /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3363 LAEnglish JCA3W SBM UI86000810 TIMouse sperm antigens that participate in fertilization. III. Passive immunization with a single monoclonal antisperm antibody inhibits pregnancy and fertilization in vivo. ABPassive immunization was used to study the effect of antimouse sperm monoclonal antibodies on fertilization in vivo. The effects of two antibodies were compared in this investigation. One of them, M29, has been shown previously to localize to the equatorial segment of the sperm head and to inhibit mouse fertilization in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The second antibody, M2, binds to the same area of the sperm head, and also belongs to the M immunoglobulin class (IgM), but does not affect fertilization in vitro. Superovulated female mice received two antibody injections intraperitoneally (at the times of the pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin injections) at concentrations of 0.5-4.0 mg of IgM or control IgG; animals were mated within 6-12 h of the hCG injection. Fertilization and concomitant establishment of pregnancy were reduced significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, only in those animals immunized with M29 IgM (e.g., 4 mg M29 IgM: 12.6% of 304 eggs fertilized; 4 mg M2 IgM: 96% of 192 eggs fertilized). Intraperitoneal administration of the antibodies did not depress superovulation levels nor oocyte viability. 125I-labeled M29 IgM was used to determine the amount of antibody present in the oviductal ampulla at the time of fertilization in passively immunized mice. Luminal M29 IgM was found to be a linear function of the intraperitoneal dose: 0.002-0.003% of the injected dose was present in the oviductal lumen 14-16 h post-hCG.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSaling PM; Waibel R EM8601 IDHD-18201 SOBiol Reprod (United States), Sep 1985, 33(2) p537-44 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Fertilization; Immunization, Passive; Pregnancy, Animal; Spermatozoa MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Pregnancy MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3231 LAEnglish JCA40 UI86000811 TIWater-regulatory behaviour in terrestrial gastropods. AUPrior DJ EM8601 SOBiol Rev (England), Aug 1985, 60(3) p403-24 MJMollusca; Water-Electrolyte Balance MNBehavior, Animal /PH; Circadian Rhythm; Environment; Estivation; Locomotion; Motor Activity MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN13699-48-4 (Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000813 TISpatial modulation of water ordering in lecithin bilayers. Evidence for a ripple-ripple phase transition. ABIntense motional averaging effects on the 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of 2H2O that occur in aqueous dispersions of dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Myr2-PtdCho) are explained by a spatial modulation in the orientational order of the water induced by ripplelike structures. The ratio of the amplitude to the periodic length of the ripples, A/lambda, at a molar ratio of water/Myr2-PtdCho of 9.5:1, is measured by 2H NMR and found to be consistent with x-ray measurements of this ratio in the P beta phase of dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Pam2-PtdCho) bilayers. The sensitivity of 2H NMR allows us to report the presence of two distinct ripple phases mediated with a discontinuous change in the value of A/lambda. This result suggests that the two ripple structures observed for several phospholipid systems in excess water by freeze-fracture electron microscopy may be associated with two different phases instead of the same phase as previously assumed. AUStrenk LM; Westerman PW; Vaz NA; Doane JW EM8601 IDGM 27127 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p355-9 MJDimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Lipid Bilayers MNMathematics; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000814 TIInteractions of permeant cations with sodium channels of squid axon membranes. ABTo determine how the permeant cations interact with the sodium channel, the instantaneous current-voltage (I-V) relationship, conductance-ion concentration relationship, and cation selectivity of sodium channels were studied with internally perfused, voltage clamped squid giant axons in the presence of different permeant cations in the external solution. In Na-containing media, the instantaneous I-V curve was almost linear between +60 and -20 mV, but deviated from the linearity in the direction to decrease the current at more negative potentials. The linearity of instantaneous I-V curve extended to more negative potentials with lowering the external Ca concentration. The I-V curve in Li solution was almost the same as that in Na solution. The linearity of the I-V curve improved in NH4 solution exhibiting only saturation at -100 mV with no sign of further decrease in current at more negative potentials. Guanidine and formamidine further linearized the instantaneous I-V curve. The conductance of the sodium channels as measured from the tail current saturated at high concentrations of permeant cations. The apparent dissociation constants determined from the conductance-ion concentration curve at -60 mV were as follows: Na, 378 mM; Li, 247 mM; NH4, 174 mM; guanidine, 111 mM; formamidine, 103 mM. The ratio of the test cation permeability to the sodium permeability as measured from the reversal potentials of tail currents varied with the test cation concentration and/or the membrane potential. These observations are incompatible with the independence principle, and can be explained on the basis of the Eyring's rate theory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUYamamoto D; Yeh JZ; Narahashi T EM8601 IDNS14144; GM24866 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p361-8 MJAxons; Cell Membrane Permeability; Ion Channels; Sodium MNCations; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Squid MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000815 TIStructural fluctuations and current noise of ionic channels. ABIn the open state of the acetylcholine-receptor channel an increased current noise is observed, which may result from conformational fluctuations of the channel protein (Sigworth, F.J., 1985, Biophys. J. 47:709-720). In this study the spectrum of the current noise is analyzed assuming that low-frequency motions of structural domains of the protein give rise to conductance fluctuations. The movement of a domain is treated as the motion of an elastically bound Brownian particle, which is described by the Langevin equation. The current-noise spectrum predicted by this model is given by a sum of Lorentzians; it agrees with the observed spectrum when it is assumed that only the slowest process can be resolved in the experiment. The large value of the friction coefficient, which is obtained from the corner frequency, indicates that domain motion is restricted mainly by peptide-peptide interactions. AULauger P EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p369-73 MJIon Channels MNMathematics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Receptors, Cholinergic /PH RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000816 TIGating current harmonics. I. Sodium channel activation gating in dynamic steady states. ABInternally perfused and pronase-treated giant axons were prepared for gating current measurements. Gating current records were obtained under large-amplitude sinusoidal voltage clamp after allowing for settling times into dynamic steady states. The current records were analyzed as functions of the mean membrane potential of the test sinusoid for which the amplitude and frequency were held constant. The nonlinear analysis consisted of determining the harmonic content (amplitudes and phases) of the distorted periodic current records. The most pronounced feature found in the analysis is a dominant second harmonic centered at Emean = +10 mV. A number of other characteristic harmonic behaviors were also observed. The harmonics tend to die away for very small (less than -60 mV) and very large (greater than +72 mV) values of Emean. The harmonic behavior seen in the axonal data is basically different from that seen in gating current simulations generated by the sodium-activation kinetics of standard models, including the Hodgkin-Huxley model. Some of the differences can be reconciled without requiring fundamental changes in the model kinetic schemes. However, the dominant harmonic feature seen in the axonal data cannot be reconciled with the model kinetics without a fundamental change in the models. The axonal data suggest two moving molecular components with independent degrees of freedom whose properties are outlined on the basis of the data presented herein. AUFohlmeister JF; Adelman WJ Jr EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p375-90 MJAxons; Ion Channels; Sodium MNAction Potentials; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Squid MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000817 TIGating current harmonics. II. Model simulations of axonal gating currents. ABA kinetic model of sodium activation gating is presented. The kinetics are based on harmonic analysis of gating current data obtained during large-amplitude sinusoidal voltage clamp in dynamic steady state. The technique classifies gating kinetic schemes into groups based on patterns of the harmonic content in the periodic gating current records. The kinetics that simulate the experimental data contain two independently constrained processes. The model predicts (a) sizable gating currents in response to hyperpolarizing voltage steps from rest; (b) a substantial increase in the initial peak of the gating current following voltage steps from prehyperpolarized potentials; (c) a small delay in the onset of sodium ion current following voltage steps from prehyperpolarized potentials; and (d) flickering during the open state in single channel current records. Although fundamentally different in kinetic structure from the Hodgkin-Huxley model, the present model reproduces the phenomenological development of Na conductance during the initiation and development of action potentials. The implications for possible gating mechanisms are discussed. A model gate is presented. AUFohlmeister JF; Adelman WJ Jr EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p391-400 MJAxons; Ion Channels; Sodium MNElectric Conductivity; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Squid MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000818 TIModel-independent electron spin resonance for measuring order of immobile components in a biological assembly. ABA model-independent description of the angular orientation distribution of elements in an ordered biological assembly is applied to the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. As in a previous model-independent treatment of fluorescence polarization (Burghardt, T.P., 1984, Biopolymers, 23:2383-2406) the elemental order is described by an angular distribution of molecular frames with one frame fixed in each element of the assembly. The distribution is expanded in a complete orthonormal set of functions. The coefficients of the series expansion (the order parameters) describe the orientation distribution of the elements in the assembly without reference to a model and can be obtained from the observed spectrum. The method establishes the limitations of ESR in detecting order in the assembly by determining which distribution coefficients the technique can detect. A method of determining the order parameters from an ESR spectra, using a set of ESR basis spectra, is developed. We also describe a treatment that incorporates the actual line shape measured from randomly oriented, immobile elements. In this treatment, no model-dependent assumptions about the line shape are required. We have applied the model-independent analysis to ESR spectra from spin-labeled myosin cross-bridges in muscle fibers. The results contain detailed information on the spin-probe angular distribution and differ in interesting ways from previous model-dependent interpretations of the spectra. AUBurghardt TP; Thompson NL EM8601 IDHL-16683 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p401-9 MJElectron Spin Resonance; Models, Biological; Muscles MNMathematics; Myosin /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN2393-24-0 (4-benzylaminesulfonic acid); 9001-91-6 (Plasminogen) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000819 TIMacro- and micro-stabilities of the kringle 4 domain from plasminogen. The effect of ligand binding. AB1H-NMR spectra of kringle 4 from human plasminogen have been recorded over wide pH* and temperature ranges, both in the presence and in the absence of p-benzylaminesulfonic acid (BASA). Several resonances exhibit chemical shift differences between kringle folded and unfolded forms which are sufficiently well resolved to allow for a determination of equilibrium Van't Hoff enthalpies and entropies for unfolding. The interaction with BASA shifts the kringle unfolding temperature from approximately 335 degrees K to approximately 343 degrees K. The pH* range of stability is also wider for the complex than for the free kringle: in the acidic range the pH* of half-unfolding, pHu*, is decreased from 2.8 for the unligated polypeptide to approximately 2.0 in the presence of BASA, while in the basic range pHu*, shifts from approximately 10.8 to 11.5. However, in contrast with what is observed at acidic pH*, unfolding at basic pH* leads to irreversible denaturation and exhibits a sharp, order-disorder transition both in the presence and in the absence of ligand. The structural stabilization conferred by the ligand is accompanied by a drastic reduction of the average rate of 1H-2H exchange in 2H2O under conditions that preclude a major cooperative unfolding. Thus, macro- and micro-stabilities of kringle domains appear to be highly correlated. AUDe Marco A; Motta A; Llinas M ; Laursen RA EM8601 IDHL-15535; HL-29409; RR-00292 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p411-22 MJPlasminogen MNBenzylamines /PD; Drug Stability; Kinetics; Ligands; Mathematics; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Thermodynamics MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000820 TIThe localization of transport properties in the frog lens. ABThe selectivity of fiber-cell membranes and surface-cell membranes in the frog lens is examined using a combination of ion substitutions and impedance studies. We replace bath sodium and chloride, one at a time, with less permeant substitute ions and we increase bath potassium at the expense of sodium. We then record the time course and steady-state value of the intracellular potential. Once a new steady state has been reached, we perform a small signal-frequency-domain impedance study. The impedance study allows us to separately determine the values of inner fiber-cell membrane conductance and surface-cell membrane conductance. If a membrane is permeable to a particular ion, we presume that the conductance of that membrane will change with the concentration of the permeant ion. Thus, the impedance studies allow us to localize the site of permeability to inner or surface membranes. Similarly, the time course of the change in intracellular potential will be rapid if surface membranes are the site of permeation whereas it will be slow if the new solution has to diffuse into the intercellular space to cause voltage changes. Lastly, the value of steady-state voltage change provides an estimate of the lens' permeability, at least for chloride and potassium. The results for sodium are complex and not well understood. From the above studies we conclude: (a) surface membranes are dominated by potassium permeability; (b) inner fiber-cell membranes are permeable to sodium and chloride, in approximately equal amounts; and (c) inner fiber-cell membranes have a rather small permeability to potassium. AUMathias RT; Rae JL; Ebihara L; McCarthy RT EM8601 IDEY03095; EY03282 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p423-34 MJLens, Crystalline /PH MNCell Membrane /PH; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Lens, Crystalline /AH; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000821 TISteady-state voltages, ion fluxes, and volume regulation in syncytial tissues. ABEquations are developed that describe the steady-state relationships among ion fluxes, solute fluxes, water flow, voltage, concentration of solute, and hydrostatic pressure in a spherically symmetrical syncytial tissue. Each cell of the syncytium is assumed to have membrane channels for Na, K, and Cl, a membrane pump for Na/K, and some concentration of intracellular protein of net negative charge. However, the surface cells and inner cells of the tissue are assumed to have different distributions of membrane transport properties, hence there is a radial circulation of fluxes and a radial distribution of forces. Some reasonable approximations are made that allow analytic solutions of the nonlinear differential equations. These solutions are used to analyze data from the frog lens and are shown to account for the known steady-state properties of this tissue. Moreover, these solutions are used to make predictions on other steady-state properties, which have not been directly measured, and graphical results on the circulation of water, ions and solute through the frog lens are presented. AUMathias RT EM8601 IDEY03095; HL29205 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p435-48 MJCells; Ion Channels; Models, Biological MNBiological Transport, Active; Cell Membrane /PH; Chlorides /ME; Ions; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Potassium /ME; Sodium /ME MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000822 TILinear impedance studies of voltage-dependent conductances in tissue cultured chick heart cells. ABPlateau and pacemaker currents from tissue cultured clusters of embryonic chick heart cells were studied in the time domain, using voltage-clamp steps, and in the frequency domain, using a wide-band noise input superimposed on a steady holding voltage. In the presence of tetrodotoxin to block the sodium channel, a depolarizing voltage step into the plateau range elicited: (a) a rapid (approximately equal to 2 ms) activation of the slow inward current; (b) a subsequent slower (approximately equal to 25 ms) decline in the slow inward current; and (c) activation of a very slow (5 to 10 s) outward current. Impedance studies in this voltage range could clearly resolve two voltage-dependent processes, which appeared to correspond to points b and c above because of their voltage dependence, pharmacology, and time constants. A correlate of point a was also probably present but difficult to resolve owing to the fast time constant of activation for the slow inward channel. At voltages negative to -50 mV a new voltage-dependent process could be resolved, which, because of its voltage dependence and time constant, appeared to represent the pacemaker channel (also termed If or IK2). In the Appendix, linear models of voltage-dependent channels and ion accumulation/depletion are derived and these are compared with our data. Most of the above-mentioned processes could be attributed to voltage-dependent channels with kinetics similar to those observed in time domain, voltage-clamp studies. However, the frequency domain correlate of the decline of the slow inward current was incompatible with channel gating, rather, it appears accumulation/depletion of calcium may dominate the decline in this preparation. AUEbihara L; Mathias RT EM8601 IDHL 29205; HL 20230 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p449-60 MJHeart MNCells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Electric Conductivity; Kinetics; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Models, Biological MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000823 TINonsteady motion in unloaded contractions of single frog cardiac cells. ABWe studied the mode of shortening of enzymatically isolated single frog cardiac cells with a high-speed videosystem to see whether or not shortening is smooth. The segmental shortening of the cell in response to electrical stimulation exhibited a clear pause following the initial shortening over a distance of approximately 11 nm/half-sarcomere. Several preparations showed a second pause following the initial one. Nonsteady motion with a pause lasted usually a few tens of milliseconds. The duration of nonsteady motion was shorter in cells with large velocities of steady shortening following the pause than those with smaller velocities. AUTameyasu T; Toyoki T; Sugi H EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p461-5 MJHeart /PH; Myocardial Contraction MNCalcium /PD; Cell Movement; Heart Ventricle /PH; Heart /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardium /CY; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000824 TIEquilibrium muscle cross-bridge behavior. Theoretical considerations. ABWe have developed a model for the equilibrium attachment and detachment of myosin cross-bridges to actin that takes into account the possibility that a given cross-bridge can bind to one of a number of actin monomers, as seems likely, rather than to a site on only a single actin monomer, as is often assumed. The behavior of this multiple site model in response to constant velocity, as well as instantaneous stretches, was studied and the influence of system parameters on the force response explored. It was found that in the multiple site model the detachment rate constant has considerably greater influence on the mechanical response than the attachment rate constant. It is shown that one can obtain information about the detachment rate constants either by examining the relationship between the apparent stiffness and duration of stretch for constant velocity stretches or by examining the force-decay rate constants following an instantaneous stretch. The main effect of the attachment rate constant is to scale the mechanical response by influencing the number of attached cross-bridges. The significance of the modeling for the interpretation of experimental results is discussed. AUSchoenberg M EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p467-75 MJActins; Models, Biological; Muscles /PH; Myosin MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Calcium /PD; Macromolecular Systems; Mathematics; Muscle Relaxation; Muscles /DE; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-46-2 (Cesium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000825 TIThe K+ channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum. A new look at Cs+ block. ABK+-selective ion channels from mammalian sarcoplasmic reticulum were inserted into planar phospholipid bilayers, and single-channel currents measured in solutions containing Cs+. Current through this channel can be observed in symmetrical solutions containing only Cs+ salts. At zero voltage, the Cs+ conductance is approximately 15-fold lower than the corresponding K+ conductance. The open channel rectifies strongly in symmetrical Cs+ solutions, and the Cs+ currents are independent of Cs+ concentration in the range 18-600 mM. Biionic (Cs+/K+) reversal potentials are only 10 mV, showing that Cs+ is nearly as permeant as K+, though much less conductive. Addition of Cs+ to symmetrical K+ solutions reduces current through the channel in a voltage-dependent way. The results can be explained by a free energy profile in which the channel's selectivity filter acts in two ways: to provide binding sites for the conducting ions and to serve as a major rate-determining structure. According to this picture, the main difference between high-conductance K+ and low-conductance Cs+ is that Cs+ binds to an asymmetrically positioned site approximately 20-fold more tightly than does K+. AUCukierman S; Yellen G; Miller C EM8601 IDRO1-AM-19826 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p477-84 MJCesium; Ion Channels /PH; Potassium; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /PH MNElectric Conductivity; Ion Channels /DE; Kinetics; Lipid Bilayers; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Muscles /PH; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rabbits; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN4733-50-0 (2,3-dicyano-hydroquinone) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000827 TIFluorescence emission spectroscopy of 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile. A method for determining intracellular pH in cultured cells. ABWe have developed new methodology for measuring intracellular pH (pHi) in cultured cell monolayers and epithelia by analyzing the emission spectra of the trapped fluorescent pH probe, 1,4-dihydroxyphthalonitrile (1,4-DHPN). This compound is unique since both its acid and base forms possess different fluorescence emission characteristics that can be used to quantitate pHi. The fluorescence difference spectrum between an acid and alkaline solution of 1,4-DHPN has a maximum at 455 nm and a minimum at 512 nm. By determining the ratio of the intensity at these two wavelengths as a function of pH, a calibration curve was constructed. Since the two intensities are determined simultaneously, the measurement is independent of dye concentration, bleaching, and intensity fluctuation of the excitation source. Furthermore, analysis of the emission spectra permitted the detection of light scattering, binding effects, and chemical modification of the probe. A microspectrofluorometer was constructed to analyze low light level emission spectra from intracellular 1,4-DHPN. The instrument consists of a modified Leitz inverted microscope (E. Leitz, Inc., Rockleigh, NJ) with a Ploem illuminator adapted for broadband excitation and objective focusing capability. The emission spectra were collected by focusing the fluorescence from the cell onto the entrance slit of an imaging monochromator, which was scanned by a SIT camera interfaced with a computer. This permitted the acquisition of fluorescence emission spectra extending from 391-588 nm in approximately 33 ms. pHi measured in the cultured toad kidney epithelial cell line, A6, was 7.49 +/- 0.04 (n = 12) with an external pH of 7.6. A6 cells were found to regulate pHi in response to both acute acid and alkali loads and maintained pHi relatively constant over a wide range of external pH values. The technique described in this report overcomes several of the difficulties encountered with other fluorescent pH probes where excitation spectroscopy is required to monitor pH. AUKurtz I; Balaban RS EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p499-508 MJCells, Cultured; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MNCell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Fluorescent Dyes; Hydroquinones /TO; Kidney; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Spectrometry, Fluorescence /IS /MT; Xenopus MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000829 TICapacitative transients in voltage-clamped epithelia. ABIn voltage-clamped epithelia the cell membrane potential transient during a + 10-mV transepithelial pulse conforms to the expected behavior for a series combination of two linear resistance-capacitance (RC) circuits. The evolution of the cell potential is characterized by a single time constant with values of 30-130 ms in frog skin and Necturus gallbladder. These observations have important consequences for the measurement of cell membrane resistance ratios and the interpretation of current-voltage relations. AUGarcia-Diaz JF; Essig A EM8601 IDAM 29968 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p519-23 MJEpithelium; Gallbladder; Skin MNAmiloride /PD; Cell Membrane /PH; Electric Conductivity /DE; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Models, Biological; Necturus; Ranidae MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000830 TIOn a mechanism of cardiac electrical stability. The fractal hypothesis. ABElectrical activation of the ventricles via the His-Purkinje system is represented on the body surface by a waveform with a broad range of frequency components. We speculate that this process is mediated by current flow through a fractal-like conduction network and therefore that the broadband spectrum of the depolarization waveform should be scaled as a power-law distribution. The prediction is confirmed by Fourier analysis of electrocardiographic data from healthy men. This observation suggests a new dynamical link between nonlinear (fractal) structure and nonlinear function in a stable physiologic system. AUGoldberger AL; Bhargava V; West BJ; Mandell AJ EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p525-8 MJHeart MNAdult; Bundle of His /PH; Electric Conductivity; Electric Stimulation; Heart Ventricle /PH; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Purkinje Fibers /PH MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000831 TIChaotic and irregular bursting electrical activity in mouse pancreatic B-cells. ABThe glucose-induced B-cell electrical activity was recorded in islets of Langerhans isolated from Swiss Webster albino mice originating from different suppliers. 23 out of 25 islets obtained from mice bred at the Charles River Breeding Station (CR mice) exhibited irregular or chaotic burst patterns of electrical activity, while 36 out of 40 islets isolated from mice bred locally at the National Institutes of Health displayed the typical bursting activity. The CR mice tended to recover a regular pattern after 1 mo on the National Institutes of Health mouse diet. The irregular or chaotic bursting electrical activity is proposed to result from changes in B-cell membrane composition or cellular metabolism, possibly induced by differences in diet. AULebrun P; Atwater I EM8601 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p529-31 MJIslands of Langerhans /PH MNElectric Conductivity /DE; Glucose /PD; Islands of Langerhans /DE; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Case Report; Comparative Study; Female RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-3495 LAEnglish JCA5S SBM UI86000832 TIEstimation of intracellular [Ca2+] by nonlinear indicators. A quantitative analysis. ABWhen spatial gradients of intracellular free [Ca2+] are present, intracellular calcium indicators that have a nonlinear response to [Ca2+] may yield an estimate of [Ca2+] that differs from the spatial average [Ca2+]. We present two rules that provide (a) general criteria to distinguish those classes of indicators that will yield an overestimate of spatial average [Ca2+] from those that will yield an underestimate, and (b) limits on the extent to which spatial average [Ca2+] might be over- or underestimated. These rules are used to interpret quantitatively the aequorin luminescence signals obtained from cardiac ventricular myocardium. AUYue DT; Wier WG EM8601 ID5T32GM070309007; HL29473-02 SOBiophys J (United States), Sep 1985, 48(3) p533-7 MJBody Fluids; Calcium; Intracellular Fluid; Myocardium MNMathematics; Models, Biological MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000833 TIPrediction of the native conformation of a polypeptide by a statistical-mechanical procedure. I. Backbone structure of enkephalin. AUPaine GH; Scheraga HA EM8601 IDGM-14312 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1391-436 MJEnkephalins; Protein Conformation MNMathematics; Models, Biological MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000834 TIUse of buildup and energy-minimization procedures to compute low-energy structures of the backbone of enkephalin. AUVasquez M ; Scheraga HA EM8601 IDGM-14312 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1437-47 MJEnkephalins MNAmino Acid Sequence; Dipeptides; Mathematics; Protein Conformation MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000835 TIAmide I band of IR spectrum and structure of collagen and related polypeptides. AULazarev YA; Grishkovsky BA; Khromova TB EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1449-78 MJCollagen; Peptides MNAmides; Fishes; Protein Conformation; Rats; Skin; Spectrophotometry, Infrared MTAnimal RN24938-00-9 (Polyglutamic Acid) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000836 TIVibrational analysis of peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. XXXII. alpha-Poly(L-glutamic acid). AUSengupta PK; Krimm S EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1479-91 MJPeptides; Polyglutamic Acid; Proteins MNProtein Conformation; Vibration MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN13400-13-0 (cesium fluoride); 26966-61-0 (Poly dA-dT); 57683-27-9 (poly(dA-dC); 7440-46-2 (Cesium); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000837 TIRaman spectroscopic elucidation of DNA backbone conformations for poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) in CsF solution. AUFodor SP; Starr PA; Spiro TG EM8601 IDGM25158 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1493-500 MJDNA; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Poly dA-dT; Polydeoxyribonucleotides MNCesium; Spectrum Analysis, Raman /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.11 (Pancreatopeptidase); 9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000838 TIQuaternary structure of elastin: characterization of multichain peptide fragments obtained by elastase digestion. AUSerafini-Fracassini A; Field JM; Campbell AM EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1515-26 MJElastin; Pancreatopeptidase MNAmino Acids /AN; Cattle; Ligaments /EN; Macromolecular Systems; Peptide Fragments /AN; Protein Conformation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (oligo(dA-dT); 26966-61-0 (Poly dA-dT); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000839 TITheoretical study of the binding of aliphatic diamines to the minor groove of a B-DNA (dA-dT)11 oligomer. AUGresh N EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1527-42 MJDNA; Diamines; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Poly dA-dT; Polydeoxyribonucleotides MNModels, Molecular; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study RNEC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000840 TICompressibility of lysozyme in solution from time-resolved brillouin difference spectroscopy. AUDoster W; Simon B; Schmidt G; Mayr W EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1543-8 MJMuramidase MNChickens; Egg White; Spectrum Analysis /IS /MT MTAnimal RN69866-21-3 (CC-1065) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000841 TIBinding of CC-1065 to poly- and oligonucleotides. AUKrueger WC; Li LH; Moscowitz A; Prairie MD; Petzold G; Swenson DH EM8601 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1549-72 MJAntibiotics, Antineoplastic; Leucomycins; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; Polynucleotides MNChemistry; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000842 TITheory of gel electrophoresis of DNA. AULumpkin OJ; Dejardin P ; Zimm BH EM8601 IDGM-11916 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1573-93 MJDNA MNElectrophoresis /MT; Molecular Weight MTComparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000843 TIExpressions for the interpretation of circular intensity differential scattering of chiral aggregates. AUBustamante C; Maestre MF; Keller D EM8601 IDGM 32543; AI 08247 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1595-612 MJMolecular Conformation MNLight; Mathematics; Scattering, Radiation MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000844 TIMolecular recognition. I. Automatic identification of topographic surface features. AULee RH; Rose GD EM8601 IDGM-29458 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1613-27 MJMacromolecular Systems; Molecular Conformation MNFlavodoxin; Models, Molecular; Protein Conformation MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN15136-34-2 (cyclo(L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000845 TIStructure-activity relationship of a bitter diketopiperazine revisited. AUGoodman M; Temussi PA EM8601 IDDE 05476 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1629-33 MJPiperazines; Taste MNMechanoreceptors /PH; Protein Conformation; Stereoisomers; Structure-Activity Relationship MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN3546-21-2 (Ethidium) IS0006-3525 LAEnglish JCA5Z UI86000846 TIBinding of ethidium to bacteriophage T7 and T7 deletion mutants. AUGriess GA; Serwer P; Horowitz PM EM8601 IDGM24365; GM25177 SOBiopolymers (United States), Aug 1985, 24(8) p1635-46 MJChromosome Deletion; Ethidium; Genes, Viral; Mutation; T-Phages /ME MNEscherichia Coli /ME; T-Phages /GE MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000847 TIGas chromatography/mass spectrometry of bacterial amines. ABBacterial amines were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Under electron impact all trifluoroacetamides exhibited peaks at m/z 69 due to [CF3]+. Many trifluoroacetamides also showed peaks at m/z 97 corresponding to the [COCF3]+ ion fragment. The spectra of n-alkyl and aralkyl trifluoroacetamides were consistent with the spectra and their interpretations in the earlier literature. Molecular ions were of low abundance for all alkyl trifluoroacetamides having alkyl chains longer than two carbon atoms. Chemical ionization gave molecular weight information in all cases. Most peaks observed were molecular addition products, e.g. [M + H]+ and [M + NH4]+. Application of chemical ionization mass spectrometry to analysis of bacterial amines revealed the production of beta-phenylethylamine, n-decylamine, 1,4-diaminobutane and 1,5-diaminopentane by Clostridium histolyticum; whereas both Clostridium bifermentans and Clostridium oedematiens produced beta-phenylethylamine. The latter organism also produced a peak with a retention time similar to that of an authentic amylamine derivative. AUTavakkol A; Drucker DB; Wilson JM EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p359-63 MJAmines; Clostridium MNMass Fragmentography /MT; Species Specificity MTComparative Study IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000848 TIDerivatization of ketosteroids for fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. ABGirard's reagents were used to derivatize ketosteroids and conjugates for analysis by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Spectra contain an abundant ion corresponding to the cation (C+) of the newly formed ionic derivative (C+A-) and relatively little fragmentation. With derivatization, detection of ketosteroids at a concentration of 1 microgram microliter-1 in glycerol was straightforward. Such derivatization schemes may prove useful in the analysis of ketosteroids in complex biological mixtures. AUDiDonato GC; Busch KL EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p364-6 MJKetosteroids MNIndicators and Reagents; Microchemistry; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT RN15793-40-5 (terodiline) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000849 TIBiotransformation of terodiline I. Identification of metabolites in dog urine by mass spectrometry. ABNine metabolites of terodiline (N-tert-butyl-4,4-diphenyl-2-butylamine) have been identified in dog urine by various chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry. The main metabolic pathway is aromatic hydroxylation, leading to the quantitatively most important metabolite, N-tert-butyl-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine, and to two dihydroxylated metabolites, one mono substituted in both rings (N-tert-butyl-4,4'-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butylamine), and one disubstituted in one ring (N-tert-butyl-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine). The latter is further metabolized by methylation, forming N-tert-butyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine, the second most abundant metabolite. Still another metabolite is formed by hydroxylation in the tert-butyl group to N-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl)-4,4-diphenyl-2-butylamine. A very minor dihydroxylated metabolite results from oxidation both in an aromatic ring and in the tert-butyl group, giving N-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butylamine. Oxidation of the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen and subsequent deamination gives the two ketones 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanone and 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanone. Reduction of the carbonyl function in the former yields the corresponding alcohol, 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-2-butanol. Some unchanged terodiline is also present. All metabolites formed by functionalization appear to be extensively conjugated, presumably with glucuronic acid. AUNoren B ; Stromberg S; Ericsson O; Olsson LI; Moses P EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p367-79 MJButylamines /UR MNBiotransformation; Butylamines /ME; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dogs; Hydroxylation; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Spectrophotometry, Infrared /MT MTAnimal; Female RN7440-71-3 (Californium) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000850 TIComparison of 252californium plasma desorption and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry for analysis of small peptides. ABThe data obtained with 252Cf plasma desorption (PD) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of eight tri-, tetra- and pentapeptides were compared. Good spectra were obtained with 1-10 nmol of peptide. In both techniques molecular weight information was obtained. The PD mass spectra are often dominated by the cationized molecular ions in contrast to the fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra, where cationization is rarely observed. Amino acid content is reflected in the immonium ions equally well in both techniques. The fragmentation patterns observed with the two techniques are almost identical. However, practical sequencing of peptides based on either FAB or PD mass spectrometry of underivatized peptides alone is difficult. This is due to the unpredictable and sometimes absent cleavage yield at certain peptide bonds. Another difficulty is the many simultaneous fragmentation pathways. However, for many peptides enough information is present to allow sequence determination for at least a major part of the molecule. AUFohlman J; Peterson PA; Roepstorff P; Hojrup P ; Kamensky I; Sawe G ; Hakansson P ; Sundquist B EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p380-7 MJOligopeptides MNCalifornium /DU; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship MTComparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN76875-69-9 (pentacaine) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000851 TIDetermination of pentacaine, trans-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl-3-pentyloxycarbanilate hydrochloride, in biological samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. ABA quantitative and selective method has been developed for the determination of a novel local anaesthetic compound pentacaine, trans-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl-3-pentyloxycarbanilate hydrochloride, in biological samples. After ion pair extraction from 1 M HCl into 1,2-dichloroethane, pentacaine and a structurally related internal standard were derivatized to prevent thermal decomposition in the gas chromatograph. An on-column methylation technique with trimethylanilinium hydroxide was used. Determination was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring. Interferences by endogenous lipophilic constituents were avoided by including an n-hexane wash before the ion pair extraction. This wash step did not reduce the drug recoveries. The method gave linear results over a concentration range of 5-100 ng ml-1 with a coefficient of variation less than 10% at 5 ng pentacaine ml-1. Specimens of plasma, whole blood, urine as well as in vitro preparations such as hepatic microsomes were successfully analysed. AUStefek M; Benes L ; Kovacik V EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p388-92 MJAnesthetics, Local; Carbamates MNCarbamates /BL /UR; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Microsomes, Liver /AN; Rats MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.14. (Dipeptidyl Peptidases); 0 (viral tail proteins); 506-68-3 (Cyanogen Bromide) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000852 TIVerification of the DNA predicted amino acid sequence of bacteriophage P22 tail protein by mass spectrometry. ABMass spectrometry was used to verify portions of a proposed amino acid sequence of the bacteriophage P22 tail protein which had been inferred from the DNA base sequence. The exopeptidases dipeptidyl aminopeptidase I and IV and dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase were used to hydrolyse intact protein and fragments generated by cyanogen bromide treatment of the tail protein. After partial purification by high performance liquid chromatography, peptides were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. The results indicate that the initiation amino acid, N-formylmethionine, has been removed from the N-terminal of the protein and that the protein ends at the termination codon which is 667 amino acids from the N-terminal residue. Nine regions of the protein from 13 to 42 residues in length were verified. All of the sequences checked were in the same DNA reading frame and corresponded to the proposed sequence. AUBeckner CF; Caprioli RM EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p393-8 MJColiphages; DNA, Viral; Viral Proteins MNAmino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Cyanogen Bromide; DNA, Viral /IP; Dipeptidyl Peptidases; Escherichia Coli /GE; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Peptide Fragments /AN; Viral Proteins /IP RN7782-39-0 (Deuterium) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000854 TIElectron impact induced fragmentations of the 1,4-diene analogues of steroid hormones and related steroids. ABThe electron impact induced fragmentations observed in the mass spectra of eight 1,4-diene-3-ketopregnane steroids are described. The effect of hydroxyl substituents in positions 11 beta, 17 alpha and 21, on the typical fragmentation pattern is analysed; in particular the 'long range' effect of the 17 alpha-hydroxy group on the relative abundance of the ions m/z 121 and 122 is confirmed using specific deuterium labelling. AUGonzalez MD; Burton G EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p405-8 MJPregnadienes; Pregnenediones MNDeuterium; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000855 TIMass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra and B1E-B2 triple sector mass spectrometric analysis of phosphoinositides by fast atom bombardment. ABFast atom bombardment is shown to produce useful spectra of the three phosphoinositides and the metabolically related phospholipids, lysophosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. Analysis of the [M-H]- ions for fatty ester composition by mass-analysed ion kinetic energy spectra (MIKES) is shown to be inadequate to resolve fatty acyl daughter ions when the parent ion contains isobaric species. However, analysis on a triple sector instrument with and without collisional activation does provide complete compositional information. Quantitative analysis of the fatty ester content of each lipid molecular species is complicated by dissimilar ion yields from fatty acyl-bearing fragments from compositionally different parent ions. AUSherman WR; Ackermann KE; Bateman RH; Green BN; Lewis I EM8601 IDNS-05159; RR-00954; AM-20579 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p409-13 MJPhosphoinositides MNBrain Chemistry; Cattle; Egg Yolk; Liver /AN; Molecular Conformation; Phosphatidic Acids /AN; Phosphatidylcholines /AN; Phosphatidylinositols /AN; Soybeans; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 72509-76-3 (felodipine) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000856 TIIdentification of felodipine metabolites in rat urine. ABAfter intragastric administration of 100 mumol kg-1 [14C]felodipine to rats eight urinary metabolites were isolated. Batch extraction at pH 2.2 and semipreparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography were used for trace enrichment of the metabolites. Trimethylsilylation followed by transesterification with diazomethane blocked the carboxylic acid and alcohol groups selectively before gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the electron impact (EI) mode. Deuterated derivatives of the metabolites and chemical ionization measurements added complementary structural information. All metabolites reported in this study were formed from oxidized felodipine by ester hydrolysis. Hydroxylation of the pyridine methyl group represented an important metabolic pathway and metabolites oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids were detected as well. Lactone formation from hydroxy acid metabolites in urine as a possible analytical artefact is discussed. AUHoffmann KJ; Weidolf L EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p414-23 MJAntihypertensive Agents; Nifedipine MNBiotransformation; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid /MT; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Nifedipine /ME /UR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN0 (maltooligosaccharides) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000857 TILaser desorption Fourier transform mass spectra of malto-oligosaccharides. ABLaser desorption mass spectra of malto-oligomers, including starch, have been obtained using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Fragmentations of these oligomers have been examined after doping with metal salts to obtain cation-attachment ions. Doping starch with NaCl, KBr and Ag2O results in analogous cation-attachment oligosaccharide fragment ions for all three metal ions. A distinct and unusual fragmentation pattern is observed for the larger oligomers. AUCoates ML; Wilkins CL EM8601 IDGM-30604 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p424-8 MJOligosaccharides MNFourier Analysis; Lasers; Spectrum Analysis, Mass /MT; Structure-Activity Relationship MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000858 TIDetermination of infused (13C)progesterone in ovarian arterial blood by selected ion monitoring. ABGas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with selected ion monitoring (SIM) is employed to detect and approximate the levels of (13C)progesterone is small blood samples obtained at intervals from ipsilateral and contralateral ovarian arteries and a peripheral vein before, during and after infusion into the utero-ovarian vein (five women during hysterectomy). The internal standard was 16 alpha-methylprogesterone. The method is rapid and allows the time course of the infused hormone to be plotted in spite of large and rapidly fluctuating concentrations of endogenous progesterone. The results show for the first time the local in vivo transfer of a steroid hormone from the uterine vein to the adjacent ovary in humans. AUHalket JM; Leidenberger F; Einer-Jensen N; Bendz A EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p429-31 MJOvary; Progesterone MNAdult; Arteries; Carbon Isotopes; Flame Ionization /MT; Follicular Phase; Laterality; Luteal Phase; Mass Fragmentography /MT; Middle Age; Time Factors; Veins MTFemale; Human RN7005-03-0 (Leucine); 816-66-0 (alpha-ketoisocaproic acid) IS0306-042X LAEnglish JCA58 SBM UI86000859 TIAnalysis of (1-13C)leucine and (13C)KIC in plasma by capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in protein turnover studies. ABThe methods used for the determination of the concentration and isotope enrichment of (1-13C)leucine and its metabolite (13C) alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) in plasma for the study of whole-body protein turnover are described. Leucine was analysed as its N-heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl ester and KIC as its quinoxalinol-TMS derivative, both by chemical ionization selected ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The sensitivity of the leucine assay was improved 30 times by monitoring the negative ions under the conditions described. The coefficient of variation for enrichment and concentration measurements were 0.5% and 2%, respectively, with a minimum detectable enrichment of 0.1 at% excess for both assays. AUFord GC; Cheng KN; Halliday D EM8601 SOBiomed Mass Spectrom (England), Aug 1985, 12(8) p432-6 MJCaproates; Keto Acids; Leucine; Proteins MNCarbon Isotopes; Mass Fragmentography /MT MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN55-63-0 (Glyceryl Trinitrate); 70-18-8 (Glutathione) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000860 TIAnalysis, disposition and pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin. AUCurry SH; Aburawi SM EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p235-80 MJGlyceryl Trinitrate /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Biotransformation; Drug Stability; Glutathione /PH; Glyceryl Trinitrate /AD /AE /AN; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Ointments; Posture; Skin Absorption; Tissue Distribution MCReview MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000861 TIFirst-pass elimination of lidocaine in the rabbit after peroral and rectal route of administration. ABLidocaine shows pronounced first-pass metabolism upon peroral administration in man (about 30 per cent peroral bioavailability). Since the rectal bioavailability is about 65 per cent in man it is assumed that some drug is directly absorbed into systemic circulation by-passing the liver. In rats peroral bioavailability is about 8 per cent whereas rectal bioavailability is about 100 per cent. This indicates that the rat is not a suitable model to study rectal lidocaine dosage forms. The purpose of this study was to investigate lidocaine disposition and bioavailability in rabbits after peroral and rectal administration. The peroral bioavailability in rabbits was found to be about 6 per cent and the rectal bioavailability is about 33 per cent. The results indicate that the rabbit is a suitable model for the study of systemic absorption of rectal lidocaine dosage forms. AURitschel WA; Elconin H; Alcorn GJ; Denson DD EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p281-90 MJLidocaine /ME MNAdministration, Oral; Biological Availability; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Lidocaine /AD; Models, Biological; Rabbits; Suppositories MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); 58-55-9 (Theophylline); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000862 TIPharmacokinetics of theophylline in protein-calorie malnutrition. ABThe influence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) on the disposition of theophylline was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed for four weeks on a 23 per cent (control) or 5 per cent (low) protein diet ad lib. Dietary protein deficiency led to a decrease in body weight gain, plasma proteins, albumin, microsomal proteins, and cytochrome P-450. After intravenous administration of aminophylline equivalent to 10 mg kg-1 theophylline, the average mean residence time (MRT) was 58 per cent higher in the protein-deficient rats, while the total plasma clearance (Cl) per kilogram of body weight and elimination rate constant (k) were decreased by 39 per cent and 45 per cent, respectively, when compared to rats on a normal protein diet. No significant difference was found in the two groups of animals with respect to the apparent steady-state volume of distribution (Vss). The present results suggest that the mechanism responsible for the observed pharmacokinetic changes in the protein-deficient rats is related to the reduced amount and/or activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidases. AUJung D EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p291-9 MJProtein-Calorie Malnutrition; Theophylline MNBlood Proteins /ME; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytochrome P-450 /ME; Dietary Proteins /ME; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Microsomes, Liver /EN; Mixed Function Oxidases /ME; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 302-33-0 (Proadifen) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000863 TIPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bromocriptine in the rat. ABThe absorption, distribution, and excretion of bromocriptine were studied following oral and parenteral administration of non-radioactive and 14C-labelled drug in the rat. Total radioactivity was measured in blood, tissues, and excreta by liquid scintillation counting while the parent drug was determined in plasma and selected tissues by radioimmunoassay. The pharmacokinetic observations were compared with the time course of drug-induced hypothermia in cold-room acclimatized rats. The results indicated that oral doses of bromocriptine were rapidly, though incompletely (32-40 per cent), absorbed, but underwent extensive first-pass metabolism, resulting in an absolute bioavailability of only 6 per cent. The bioavailability increased to approximately 22 per cent in rats pretreated with the hepatic microsome inhibitor proadifen, thus suggesting the liver as the principal site of biotransformation. Absorbed bromocriptine showed preferential distribution into the tissues, although no apparent accumulation of drug-related material occurred in the body. The drug was eliminated almost exclusively by metabolism and biliary excretion into the faeces. Comparison of the pharmacodynamic and the pharmacokinetic profiles indicated a dose relationship between hypothermia and plasma bromocriptine concentrations but not total radioactivity levels. The hypothermic response was also intensified by proadifen pretreatment, thus confirming the parent drug as the pharmacologically active entity. It is believed that the previously reported delay in the onset of bromocriptine activity is not pharmacokinetic in nature, but is related to the properties of the receptors at the target site or to the pharmacologic events that result in the observed effects. AUSchran HF; Tse FL; Bhuta SI EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p301-11 MJBromocriptine MNBiotransformation; Body Temperature /DE; Bromocriptine /PD; Kinetics; Proadifen /PD; Rats; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000864 TIComparison of fitting methods for the analysis of plasma concentration-time data resulting from constant rate intravenous infusion. ABPlasma concentration-time data resulting from constant rate intravenous infusion may be analysed in two ways: Samples may be collected both during and after infusion and fit to an infusion model. Samples may be collected after infusion is complete and the data may be fit as an i.v. bolus. The purpose of this study was to contrast these two fitting procedures in terms of the accuracy of the parameter values obtained. Concentration-time data were computer-generated with the introduction of random error to simulate the disposition profiles of two model drugs. The results of these simulations indicate that satisfactory values for area-dependent parameters may be obtained without fitting data during the infusion phase. The exception to this is the apparent steady-state volume whose values become less accurate with longer infusion times. The parameters most affected by ignoring data points in the infusion phase are the central volume of distribution, and the coefficient and disposition rate constant associated with the initial, rapid phase of disposition. The equation which describes the entire concentration-time profile provides the most accurate parameter estimates of the model equation. In addition, we also describe the influence of the fitting method on the intercompartmental transfer rate constants. AUJohnson SL; Mayersohn M EM8601 IDAG03460 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p313-23 MJDrugs; Infusions, Parenteral MNKinetics; Models, Biological MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN117-10-2 (danthron); 478-43-3 (rhein); 517-43-1 (sennoside A&B) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000865 TIComparative physiological disposition of some anthraquinone glycosides and aglycones. ABThe in vitro microbial degradation and the urinary excretion and biliary secretion in rats of two anthraquinone glycosides (sennosides A and B) and four aglycones (sennidins A and B, rhein, and danthron) were studied using a high performance liquid chromatographic system with gradient elution and amperometric detection. Microbial degradation of sennosides A and B occurred almost exclusively in the presence of mice caecum inoculae and was associated with the release of sennidins A and B. Rhein and danthron were indiscriminately metabolized by bacteria sampled from all regions of mice intestine, whereas sennidins lacked stability in biological media. The fraction of the dose administered orally to rats and recovered as aglycones or as glucuronides in bile and urine after 48 hours was five times greater for rhein (15 per cent) and danthron (13.4 per cent) than for sennosides A (1.8 per cent) and B (2.8 per cent) excreted or secreted as sennidins. These results support the concept that anthraquinone glycosides are less likely to enter the systemic circulation and, thus, are able to exert their laxative effect at lower doses than aglycones. AUMoreau JP; Moreau S; Skinner S EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p325-34 MJAnthraquinones MNAnthraquinones /UR; Bacteria /ME; Bile /ME; Biotransformation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glycosides /ME; Intestines /MI; Kinetics; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN50-24-8 (Prednisolone); 53-03-2 (Prednisone) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000866 TIA pharmacokinetic model for prednisone after infusion to steady-state in the rabbit. AUFerry JJ; Wagner JG EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p335-9 MJPrednisone /ME MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Prednisolone /ME; Prednisone /AD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000867 TITheoretical decrease in systemic availability with decrease in input rate at steady-state for first-pass drugs. AUWagner JG; Antal EJ; Elvin AT; Gillespie WR; Pratt EA; Albert KS EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p341-3 MJDrugs MNBiological Availability; Kinetics; Liver Circulation; Models, Biological MTAnimal RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine) IS0142-2782 LAEnglish JCA6C SBM UI86000868 TIEffect of variations in urine pH and flow rate on cimetidine renal disposition in man. AUSomogyi A; Gugler R EM8601 SOBiopharm Drug Dispos (England), Jul-Sep 1985, 6(3) p345-9 MJCimetidine; Kidney MNAdult; Computers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Biological MTHuman; Male IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000870 TIThe generative grammar of the immune system. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1984. AUJerne NK EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p439-51 MJImmune System MNAntibodies /IM; Antibody Specificity; Antigens /IM; B Lymphocytes /IM; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes /IM; Immunoglobulin Variable Region /IM; Linguistics; Mice; T Lymphocytes /IM MCReview MTAnimal; Human RNEC 2.3.1. (Acetyltransferases); EC 2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase); 56-75-7 (Chloramphenicol) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000871 TIFunctional prokaryotic gene control signals within a eukaryotic rainbow trout protamine promoter. ABFollowing the construction of a series of pSV2-cat derived plasmids containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under the control of a eukaryotic trout protamine promoter, it was noted that Escherichia coli, transformed with these plasmids, developed resistance to chloramphenicol (CM). This result suggested that the eukaryotic trout protamine promoter possessed significant prokaryotic promoter activity. Modification of the trout protamine promoter region by removing the region containing the eukaryotic Goldberg-Hogness box in the plasmid p525-cat increased the expression of the CAT gene almost to the wild-type level and conferred strong CM resistance. Sequence comparisons of the plasmid series indicate that prokaryotic promoter elements are present in the trout protamine promoter and that their similarity to the prokaryotic promoter consensus sequences and the distance between the two elements is more favourable in p525-cat, the plasmid which confers the greatest CM resistance. AUJankowski JM; Walczyk E; Dixon GH EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p453-61 MJPromoter Regions (Genetics); Protamines; Salmonidae; Trout MNAcetyltransferases /GE; Base Sequence; Chloramphenicol /PD; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia Coli /GE; Genes; Plasmids MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.16.1 (Phenylalanine Hydroxylase); 17528-72-2 (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin); 22150-76-1 (Biopterin); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000872 TIEffect of glucagon on hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. ABModerate doses of glucagon (20 micrograms/kg I.V.) are sufficient to stimulate rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo. In addition, the stimulation of the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in livers of animals fed on a high-protein diet has been correlated with an elevated phosphate content. The tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylase activity in these animals can be further elevated by glucagon-stimulated phosphorylation. These results indicate that physiological changes in glucagon concentration modulate rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in vivo. The current understanding of the role of phosphorylation in regulating human phenylalanine hydroxylase is also considered. AUBeirne E; Carty MP; Donlon J EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p463-7 MJGlucagon; Liver; Phenylalanine Hydroxylase MNBiopterin /AA /PD; Dietary Proteins /AD; Liver /EN; Phenylketonuria /EN; Phosphorylation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN65455-52-9 (Percoll); 7631-86-9 (Silica); 9003-39-8 (Povidone) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000873 TISeparation of human endothelial cells from fibroblasts by centrifugation in Percoll gradients. ABHuman endothelial cells from the umbilical vein and skin fibroblasts can be separated by means of centrifugation in a density gradient of Percoll. Cells show a good recovery in culture. Viability is not impaired. AUSbarbati R EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p469-72 MJCell Separation; Fibroblasts; Umbilical Veins MNCentrifugation, Density Gradient; Endothelium /CY; Povidone; Silica MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.16.3.1 (Ceruloplasmin); 11062-77-4 (Superoxide); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 53-59-8 (NADP); 54-06-8 (Adrenochrome) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000874 TIInhibition by ceruloplasmin of the cardiac sarcolemmal adrenochrome formation. ABThe addition of ceruloplasmin to bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles supplemented with NADPH was able to reduce the formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline. This inhibitory effect appears at 2.5 microM ceruloplasmin and it is almost complete at the level of 20 microM. AUGuarnieri C; Ventura C EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p473-6 MJAdrenochrome; Ceruloplasmin; Heart; Myocardium MNCattle; Epinephrine /ME; NADP /PD; Sarcolemma /DE /ME; Superoxide /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000875 TIHydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine liposomes by lysosomal phospholipase A is maximal at the phase transition temperature of the lipid substrate. ABWe have measured the rate of hydrolysis of liposomes made of DL-alpha-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and L-alpha-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine by a soluble fraction of highly purified lysosomes isolated from rat liver. Phospholipids are hydrolyzed into lysophospholipids and fatty acids at a rate which is maximal near the temperature characteristic of the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition of the lipid bilayer. This strong influence of the physical properties of the substrate on the enzyme activity suggests a structural analogy between the lysosomal phospholipases of the A type (EC 3.1.1.32 and EC 3.1.1.4) and the pancreatic phospholipase A2. AUVandenbranden M; De Gand G; Brasseur R; Defrise-Quertain F; Ruysschaert JM EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p477-82 MJLiposomes; Lysosomes; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases MNHydrolysis; Kinetics; Liver /ME; Rats; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.6. (NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases); EC 1.6.1.1 (NADP Transhydrogenase) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000876 TICell-free translation of mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. ABMammalian nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase is translated as a 5000 daltons larger molecular weight precursor in a cell-free system programmed with rat liver polysomes. The mature rat liver enzyme had the same molecular weight as the purified beef heart enzyme, 115 000 daltons. The precursor was not processed in vitro by liver mitochondria or by a rat liver mitochondrial matrix fraction, nor did it appear to bind to mitochondria. In contrast, pre-FeS protein of the cytochrome bc1 complex was processed in the same samples by both mitochondria and matrix, suggesting an important difference in the processing mechanisms or in the efficiency of processing of the two precursors. AUCarlenor E; Joste V; Nelson BD; Rydstrom J EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p483-90 MJEnzyme Precursors; Mitochondria, Liver; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; NADP Transhydrogenase; Translation, Genetic MNCattle; Cell-Free System; Molecular Weight; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rabbits; Rats; Reticulocytes /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 6. (Ligases); EC 6.4.1.2 (Acetyl CoA Carboxylase); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000877 TIRegulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by glucagon in HeLa cells. ABHeLa cells cultured in medium containing lipid-free fetal bovine serum or in Waymouth's serum-free medium showed an increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity of 8- and 4-fold respectively as compared to cells cultured in medium containing fetal bovine serum. This increase in ACC activity was associated with a corresponding increase in the relative synthesis of ACC. Addition of glucagon (1.5 microgram/ml) to the HeLa cell culture medium caused a 50% decrease in ACC activity. This was accompanied by a concordant decrease in the relative synthesis of ACC as measured by immunochemical techniques. AUBhullar RP; Dakshinamurti K EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p491-7 MJAcetyl CoA Carboxylase /ME; Glucagon; Hela Cells; Ligases MNAcetyl CoA Carboxylase /BI; Culture Media; Fatty Acids /BI; Hela Cells /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.2.1.16 (Threonine Dehydratase); 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000878 TIRat liver L-threonine deaminase: properties and purification. ABA new method of purification of rat liver L-threonine deaminase has been developed, and the results obtained are compared with values obtained by other authors. Some properties of this enzyme (pH optimum, temperature optimum, thermal stability, specificity, etc.) have been examined and we found that the enzyme is inhibited by carbonate ions, that L-cysteine (a competitive inhibitor) is also an inactivator of the enzyme and that it is bound to the enzyme in a ratio of 0.25 mole of cysteine per mole of enzyme, supporting the hypothesis that the enzyme consists of 4 subunits. AULeoncini R; Pagani R; Casella A; Marinello E EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p499-508 MJLiver; Threonine Dehydratase /IP MNChromatography, Gel; Cysteine /PD; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Weight; Protein Conformation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serine; Substrate Specificity; Threonine Dehydratase /AI /ME; Threonine MTAnimal; Male RNEC 5.- (Carbohydrate Isomerases); EC 5.3.1.1 (Triosephosphate Isomerase); 99-20-7 (Trehalose) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000879 TIBiosynthesis of trehalose by Brevibacterium flavum: use of long range 13C-13C coupling data to characterize triose phosphate isomerase activity. ABThe 13C isotopic labeling pattern in the disaccharide trehalose (1,1'-alpha-alpha-D-glucose) produced by the microorganism Brevibacterium flavum when grown on a medium containing [1-13C]glucose has been determined. Long range coupling between C-1 and C-6 carbons of the glucose units can be observed in the excreted material. It is proposed that some of the 13C isotopomers in the excreted trehalose reflect the labeling pattern in (unobserved) fructose 1,6-diphosphate. Analysis of the label distribution within the framework of a steady state kinetic model allows an analysis of the contributions of the hexose monophosphate shunt and the degree of equilibration of triose phosphate isomerase. Analogous measurements on excreted glucose could be carried out in other organisms. AULondon RE; Walker TE EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p509-15 MJBrevibacterium; Carbohydrate Isomerases; Disaccharides; Trehalose; Triosephosphate Isomerase MNCarbon Isotopes; Kinetics; Pentosephosphate Pathway RNEC 3.1. (Esterases); 298-83-9 (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000880 TIThe differentiation of HL-60 cells in the synthetic medium induced by GM3 ganglioside. ABGM3 ganglioside, added exogenously to a promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60 cells) in serum-free synthetic medium, induced differentiation into macrophage-like cells. Macrophagic morphology and function of differentiation-induced cells were determined by cell growth behavior, May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining, activities of nonspecific esterase, phagocytosis and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction. GM3 ganglioside may play a role in triggering differentiation of HL-60 cells into macrophage-like cells. AUSenoo H; Momoi T EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p517-24 MJG(M3) Ganglioside; Gangliosides; Leukemia, Myeloblastic MNCell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Culture Media; Esterases /ME; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /PP; Macrophages /PA /PH; Nitroblue Tetrazolium /ME; Phagocytosis /DE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000881 TIErythrocyte membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPase of hypertensive humans: reduced stimulation by calmodulin. ABThe Ca2+-pumping ATPase of erythrocyte plasma membranes of hypertensive humans (HTN) show, in the absence of calmodulin, a low Vmax comparable to that of the enzyme of the erythrocyte membranes of normotensive humans (NTN). Although the addition of calmodulin (1.5 micrograms per ml) increased the maximum activity of the calcium pump of membranes of HTN and NTN individuals by at least 2-fold and 4-fold, respectively, the activator protein partially purified from the erythrocytes of HTN individuals enhanced the activity of the enzyme in a fashion similar to that of the protein obtained from the haemolysate of NTN individuals. A determination of the dependence of the activity of the pump on concentration of ATP revealed that the Km (ATP) of the enzyme of membranes of HTN individuals is 52% higher than that of the enzyme of membranes of NTN individuals, while the Vmax (1.75 +/- 0.28 mumol ATP mg protein-1 h-1) of the pump is 46% lower in the membranes of HTN humans than that of the enzyme of membranes of normal individuals (3.25 +/- 0.42 mumol ATP mg protein-1 h-1). It seems likely from these results that elevated erythrocyte Ca2+ concentration associated with essential hypertension may be due to a defective interaction between the Ca2+-pumping ATPase and the calmodulin Ca2+ complex. AUOlorunsogo OO; Okudolo BE; Lawal SO; Falase AO EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jun 1985, 5(6) p525-31 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Calmodulin; Erythrocyte Membrane /EN; Hypertension /EN MNBiological Transport, Active; Calcium /BL; Erythrocyte Membrane /DE; Hypertension /BL; Kinetics MTHuman; In Vitro IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000882 TIDerivation and diversification of monoclonal antibodies. Nobel lecture, 8 December 1984. AUKohler G EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p533-49 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal MNAlleles; Antibodies, Monoclonal /GE; Antibody Specificity; Chimera; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Immunoglobulins, Kappa Chain /GE; Immunoglobulins, Mu Chain /GE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000883 TICrystallization of Ca2+ ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by phospholipase treatment. ABCa2+ ATPase molecules in sarcoplasmic reticulum, isolated from rabbit skeletal muscle, have been induced to crystallize into two-dimensional arrays by incubating the vesicles with phospholipase A2 and dialysing against dilute Tris/HCl buffer. These crystals differ in shape and size from those produced by treatment of the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with Na3VO4. However, the unit-cell dimensions of both types of crystals are similar. The differences in shape and size are presumably due to differences in the mechanisms of crystal formation induced by treatment with phospholipase and Na3VO4. AUMisra M; Malhotra SK EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p551-8 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNCrystallization; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Microscopy, Electron; Muscles /EN; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000884 TIInteraction of vasoactive intestinal peptide with rat small intestinal epithelial cells after intestinal resection. ABSpecific binding of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and VIP-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation were studied in small intestinal epithelial cells (both of crypt and villous levels) 3, 7 and 14 d after a 60% resection of the small intestine. The affinity, but not the binding capacity, of VIP receptors decreased during the adaptive hyperplastic response. Basal cyclic AMP levels were similar in cells of both control and resected rats. Resection induced a decrease of potency, but not of efficiency, of VIP on the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation. AUDiaz-Juarez JL; Bodega G; Arilla E; Prieto JC EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p559-66 MJIntestine, Small; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /ME; Binding, Competitive; Intestine, Small /SU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Endogenous Substances /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.1.1 (Glycogen Phosphorylase); 65-23-6 (Pyridoxine) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000885 TIAccelerated degradation of glycogen phosphorylase in denervated and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle. ABPyridoxal phosphate, the cofactor of glycogen phosphorylase, fulfils the criteria needed of a turnover label for this enzyme. The decay of protein-bound label following administration of [3H]pyridoxine is a good index of the rate of degradation of the enzyme in vivo. This method has been applied to the study of catabolism of the enzyme in normal, denervated and dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle. In both of the pathological conditions the enzyme is degraded more rapidly than normal. AUButler PE; Cookson EJ; Beynon RJ EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p567-72 MJGlycogen Phosphorylase; Muscle Denervation; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Pyridoxine /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000886 TIIntermediate filament structure. ABIn a previous communication (Biosci. Rep. 3, 517-525, 1983) we described quantitative X-ray diffraction studies of alpha-keratin which were shown to be consistent with the presence of finite arrays of repeating units, successive arrays being set down at axial intervals of 470 A. In addition the axial interval between repeating units in an array was shown to be 197.9 A. It was suggested that this could most readily be explained by supposing that a surface lattice was present which contained a dislocation along a helical path with unit height h = 470 A and unit twist magnitude of t = 49.1 degrees. The number of repeating units was shown to be in the range 7-9. With 7 repeats the mismatch of the lattice along the dislocation is small and this choice was used to develop a detailed model for the filament. Subsequent studies of molecular interactions have shown however that the coiled-coil rope segments in the rod domain of the molecule are most probably oriented parallel to the dislocation, and so minimization of lattice mismatch may be less important than originally supposed. In the present communication it is shown that the choice of 8, rather than 7, for the number of repeating units yields a model which is more compatible with estimates of the linear density and also provides the basis for a general model for polymorphism in intermediate filament lattices. AUFraser RD; MacRae TP EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p573-9 MJCytoskeleton; Intermediate Filaments MNKeratin /AN; Mathematics; X-Ray Diffraction MTAnimal RNEC 2.3.2.13 (Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); 3617-44-5 (Phenylalanine); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 5473-12-1 (sarcosine methyl ester); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 616-34-2 (glycine methyl ester); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9035-68-1 (Proinsulin) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000887 TITransglutaminase and cellular motile events: retardation of proinsulin conversion by glycine methylester. ABGlycine methyl ester, an inhibitor of transglutaminase, decreased glucose-stimulated insulin release and delayed proinsulin conversion in rat pancreatic islets pulse-labelled with L-[4-3H]phenylalanine. Sarcosine methyl ester, which does not inhibit transglutaminase activity, failed to affect insulin release and proinsulin conversion. The incorporation of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine into islet peptides, the ratio of hormonal to total tritiated peptides and the insulin content of the islets failed to be affected by either of these methyl esters. It is proposed that transglutaminase participates in the control of motile events involved in both the transfer of proinsulin from its site of synthesis to its site of conversion, and the translocation of insulin from its site of storage to its site of release. AUAlarcon C; Valverde I; Malaisse WJ EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p581-7 MJGlycine; Proinsulin; Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase MNCell Movement; Glucose /PD; Glycine /PD; Insulin /ME; Islands of Langerhans /DE /ME; Phenylalanine /ME; Rats; Sarcosine /AA /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN107-92-6 (butyric acid) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000888 TISodium butyrate selectively inhibits host cell glycoprotein synthesis in human fibroblasts infected with cytomegalovirus. ABHost cell as well as viral DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts infected with human cytomegalovirus was found to be largely resistant even to high concentrations of sodium butyrate. Likewise, production of viral progeny was reduced by 1-2 orders of magnitude but not abolished. On the other hand, the drug allowed (modified) glycosylation only of viral polypeptides whereas that of host proteins was suppressed. Immunofluorescence studies on living cells suggested that butyrate may interfere with processing and intracellular transport of virus-specific surface membrane antigens. AURadsak K; Wiegandt H; Unterdorfer G ; Wagner C; Kaiser CJ EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p589-99 MJButyrates; Butyric Acids; Cell Transformation, Viral; Cytomegaloviruses; Fibroblasts; Glycoproteins MNAntigens, Surface /BI; DNA Replication /DE; DNA, Viral /BI; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fibroblasts /ME; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Fluorometry MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 69-23-8 (Fluphenazine); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000889 TIDevelopmental study on the regulation of neurotransmitter-sensitive adenylate cyclase systems in primary cerebral cell cultures from embryonic mice. ABAn ontogenetic study of the effect of various neurohormones and other activators on adenylate cyclase systems was carried out using cultures of cells from 15-d-old embryonic mouse brain. Dopamine stimulated the enzyme activity at earlier culture ages (i.e. 4 and 10 d) but had little stimulatory effect at later ages (i.e. 20 and 33 d). Further, this stimulation at the earlier ages was blocked by the dopaminergic blocker, fluphenazine, but not by alpha and beta-adrenergic antagonists. In contrast to dopamine, isoproterenol (a beta-adrenergic agonist) had little stimulatory effect at earlier ages, but its ability to stimulate cyclase activity increased with age. This increase in all age groups was blocked by propranolol (a beta-adrenergic antagonist). Epinephrine-sensitive enzyme activity showed a steady increase with age, which could be blocked with propranolol except in 4-d-old cultures, where it was blocked instead by fluphenazine. Because the cultures are relatively enriched in neurons at earlier ages and in glia in later ages, the results suggest a predominantly neuronal localization for the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclases and a glial localization of the isoproterenol and epinephrine sensitive adenylate cyclases. Histamine, serotonin, calcium/calmodulin and chloroadenosine were either only slightly or not at all stimulatory. AUShanker G; Pieringer RA EM8601 IDNS-10221 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p601-8 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Brain /EM; Neuroregulators MNBrain /DE /EN; Cells, Cultured; Dopamine /PD; Epinephrine /PD; Fluphenazine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Mice; Pregnancy; Propranolol /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN14875-96-8 (Heme) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000890 TIA characterization of haem uptake and intracellular distribution by isolated hepatocytes. ABThe uptake and intracellular distribution of haem by isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions was studied. An increase in cell haem content occurred after a challenge with 5, 10 or 20 microM haem, supplied as methaemalbumin. The rate of haem uptake was temperature dependent; no non-specific binding occurred. Intracellular haem distribution data are consistent with a rapid association of haem with the endoplasmic reticulum fraction prior to its accumulation in the cytosol and at the mitochondrion. AULodola A EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p609-14 MJHeme; Liver /ME MNLiver /CY; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /EN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53026-44-1 (Bacteriorhodopsin); 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine); 7553-56-2 (Iodine) IS0144-8463 LAEnglish JCA6D SBM UI86000891 TIInteraction of tyrosine residues with the chromophore in bacteriorhodopsin. ABWe previously reported that the absorption spectrum at low temperatures of iodinated bacteriorhodopsin can be separated into four components with maxima at shorter wavelengths than in native bacteriorhodopsin. In this study, the time course of the formation of each spectral component after iodination was analyzed, revealing that these four components correspond to four different iodinated states of tyrosine residues interacting with the retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin. Therefore at least two tyrosine residues interact with the chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin. AUTakeda K; Iwasa T; Tokunaga F; Packer L EM8601 SOBiosci Rep (England), Jul 1985, 5(7) p615-23 MJBacteriorhodopsin; Carotenoids; Tyrosine MNCold; Iodine /ME; Photochemistry; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000892 TIAn International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (1985) ISCN 1985. Report of the Standing Committee on Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature. EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(1) p1-117 MJCytogenetics; Genetics, Medical; Nomenclature MNChromosome Aberrations; Chromosome Banding; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human /UL; Karyotyping; Meiosis; Phylogeny; Pongidae; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities; Species Specificity; Translocation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000893 TIAccurate diagnosis and assessment of growth in patients with orofacial clefting. AUDay DW EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p1-14 MJCleft Lip /PP; Cleft Palate /PP; Growth MNAge Determination by Skeleton; Body Height; Body Weight; Child; Cleft Lip /DI; Cleft Palate /DI; Growth Disorders /DI; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Nutrition MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000894 TIDiagnostic accuracy: effect on treatment planning. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Symposium of the Society of Craniofacial Genetics. Denver, Colorado, June 17, 1984. EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p1-151 MJAbnormalities; Patient Care Planning MNAbnormalities /FG /TH; Craniofacial Dysostosis /DI /TH; Mouth Abnormalities /DI /TH MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000895 TIThe use of COMFORTS in a genetics clinic. ABCOMFORTS adequately meets the criteria that led to the establishment of FOMERS: data on patients are cross-indexed by name, diagnosis, and pedigree number. However, because COMFORTS utilizes the memory and sorting capabilities of a computer, it is more easily used for large databases than is FOMERS. Alphabetizing records by name in a file; adding, deleting, or modifying diagnostic categories; and assigning and sequencing pedigree numbers are easy when the work is shared with a computer. The ease with which data can be entered, changed, or deleted was shown in the foregoing description of the program. Ease of use is only one aspect of COMFORTS; expanded facility for research is equally important. Of particular interest in this latter regard is the Cardinal Sign field of COMFORTS. COMFORTS also has features that facilitate scheduling and generation of demographic reports. AUJorgenson RJ; St. John DL EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p103-10 MJFiling; Genetics, Medical; Medical Records MNComputers; Forms and Records Control /MT MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000896 TIA new autosomal recessive syndrome with Noonan-like phenotype, myopathy with congenital contractures and malignant hyperthermia. AUKousseff BG; Nichols P EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p111-7 MJContracture; Genes, Recessive; Malignant Hyperthermia; Muscular Diseases; Noonan Syndrome MNChild, Preschool; Infant, Newborn; Phenotype; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000897 TIChromosomal diagnosis of the Werner syndrome. AUJaramillo C; Jorgenson RJ; Miles DA; Moore CM EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p119-26 MJWerner's Syndrome /FG MNAdult; Chromosomes, Human, 16-18; Chromosomes, Human, 19-20; Diagnosis, Differential; Karyotyping; Mosaicism; Pedigree; Scleroderma, Systemic /DI; Translocation (Genetics); Turner's Syndrome /DI; Werner's Syndrome /DI; X Chromosome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000898 TICrouzon syndrome with periapical cemental dysplasia and acanthosis nigricans: the pleiotropic effect of a single gene? AUSuslak L; Glista B; Gertzman GB; Lieberman L; Schwartz RA; Desposito F EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p127-34 MJAcanthosis Nigricans; Craniofacial Dysostosis; Mouth Neoplasms; Mutation; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Odontogenic Tumors; Odontoma MNAdult; Child, Preschool MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000899 TITerminal transverse defects with aplasia cutis congenita (Adams-Oliver syndrome). AUShapiro SD; Escobedo MK EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p135-42 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Fingers; Genes, Dominant; Scalp; Toes MNInfant, Newborn; Pedigree; Syndrome MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000900 TIUpper airway obstruction in craniofacial anomalies: diagnosis and management. ABParticular attention to airway problems must be paid to any child with a craniofacial anomaly. Knowledge of the potential for upper airway obstruction in children with craniofacial anomalies, early recognition of the signs of obstruction, and prompt treatment are extremely important aspects of the treatment plan for each patient. An infant with choanal atresia or a nasal glioma will need definitive repair of his specific deformity to ensure the airway prior to consideration of any other problem. Similarly, the child with severe mandibular hypoplasia may require an early tongue-lip adhesion or tracheotomy to relieve airway distress until mandibular growth or surgical advancement enlarges the natural airway. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy may present earlier and with more severe sleep apnea in a child with an already compromised pharyngeal lumen. Early tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy must be considered in these patients even if this may possibly lead to velopharyngeal incompetence. Sleep apnea may also occur as a complication of the creation of a pharyngeal flap. If operative intervention for the craniofacial anomaly is contemplated, the potential for airway problems increases. The anesthetic induction and intubation are extremely difficult in the child with mandibular hypoplasia. The anesthetist and otolaryngologist must have a full range of techniques available to them to accomplish this task. If intermaxillary fixation is required postoperatively, or if the endotracheal tube is in the operative field, consideration should be given to a short-term tracheotomy to protect the airway during and after the operation. Close cooperation among the members of the craniofacial team is mandatory to prevent and/or treat any upper airway obstruction that may occur in the child with a craniofacial anomaly. Anticipation of possible airway compromise, early recognition of any existing obstruction, and prompt management of the problem are imperative to the successful diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies. AUHandler SD EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p15-31 MJFacial Bones; Nasal Cavity; Respiration Disorders /ET; Respiratory Sounds /ET; Skull MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngoscopy /IS; Respiration Disorders /DI /SU; Respiratory Sounds /DI; Sleep Apnea Syndromes /ET MTHuman IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000901 TIAdaptations to craniofacial anomalies and dysfunctions. AUChierici G EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p33-46 MJFacial Bones; Skull MNAdaptation, Physiological; Bone and Bones /TR; Cephalometry; Child; Cleft Lip /SU; Cleft Palate /SU; Macaca mulatta; Maxillofacial Development; Maxillofacial Prosthesis MTAnimal; Human IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000902 TIThe effect of syndrome diagnosis on speech remediation. ABOn the basis of work reported by colleagues, as well as our own clinical research studies of patients with the aforementioned syndromes, there are now some useful guidelines for appropriate remediation based on accurate initial diagnosis. Still, there is more to be learned about each of these syndromes. Furthermore, they represent but a small sample of a very large total. Recent literature has described the speech patterns of many more syndromes, as well as the genetic aspects of the more common speech and language disorders such as language delay, dyslexia, autism, and stuttering [72-78]. The most common recognizable birth defect is Down syndrome and there is, fortunately, a large body of information detailing the varied language, speech, and hearing aspects [79]. Those of us who work with children with Down syndrome have been alerted to the anticipated receptive and expressive language delays; the conductive and sometimes mixed hearing losses; the hoarse and raucous voices that are probably the result of a combination of anatomic, neurologic, and mucosal variations; the interesting disfluencies, and the amalgam of developmental and deviant articulatory errors. We know that although the tongue protrudes, it is rarely the true macroglossia which we would find in Beckwith syndrome, for example, but rather a hypotonic posture and a logical adaptation to an airway restricted by enlarged tonsils and adenoids and recurrent rhinitis. AUMeyerson MD EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p47-68 MJAbnormalities, Multiple; Speech Therapy MNChild; Cri-du-Chat Syndrome /RH; Down's Syndrome /RH; Ectodermal Dysplasia /RH; Growth Disorders /RH; Mandibulofacial Dysostosis /RH; Ophthalmoplegia /CN; Prader-Willi Syndrome /RH; Syndrome; Tongue /AB MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000903 TICommunicating the diagnosis to the deaf family. AUJensen KM EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p69-84 MJCommunication; Deafness; Genetic Counseling; Physician-Patient Relations MNPedigree; Sign Language MTFemale; Human; Male RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0547-6844 LAEnglish JCA6V SBM UI86000905 TIAchondroplasia and obstructive sleep apnea: correction of apnea and abnormal sleep-entrained growth hormone release by tracheostomy. ABSevere obstructive sleep apnea in a patient with achondroplasia syndrome was found to result in a definitive deficiency of overnight growth hormone secretion related to absence of slow-wave sleep. Resolution of the apnea by tracheostomy resulted in normalization of growth hormone release and normal growth rates postoperatively. Sleep-related growth hormone deficiency may contribute to the short stature so often seen in a variety of craniofacial syndromes. Furthermore, this short stature may be reversible. AUGoldstein SJ; Shprintzen RJ; Wu RH; Thorpy MJ; Hahm SY; Marion R; Sher AE; Saenger P EM8601 SOBirth Defects (United States), 1985, 21(2) p93-101 MJAchondroplasia; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep; Somatotropin; Tracheotomy MNChild; Sleep Apnea Syndromes /TH MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN3615-39-2 (Sorbose); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000906 TIThe influence of L-sorbose on red cell flow properties, shape and packing ability. ABSince the sweet ketohexose L-sorbose causes overt hemolysis in dogs but not in man, we examined the possibility that L-sorbose induces a ╥prehemolytic state╙ of human red cells, manifesting itself as impairment of rheological red cell properties. After 2 hours incubation at 37 degrees C relative viscosity of red cell suspensions measured by radial spreading in filter paper and packing ability of red cells were normal. Incubation for 24 and 48 hours of red cells in media containing L-sorbose, glucose or no sugar showed that relative viscosity was best maintained in glucose. Relative viscosity and packing ability of red cells in L-sorbose containing suspensions decreased less than in suspensions without sugar. This difference was independent of the glucose metabolism, red cell ATP, osmolality and pH of the suspending media, but appeared to be related to different degrees of spheroechinocytic red cell shape transformation observed in different suspending media. It is possible that L-sorbose has some antiechinocytic properties and/or that it induces an alteration of red cell membrane flexibility. There is no indication of an L-sorbose induced ╥prehemolytic state╙ in human red cells. AUStaubli M ; Walchli P ; Straub PW EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p175-84 MJBlood Viscosity; Erythrocytes; Sorbose MNAdenosine Triphosphate /BL; Erythrocyte Deformability /DE; Hematocrit; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration MTHuman; Male IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000907 TIAggregation of human red blood cells after moderate heat treatment. ABThe aggregation behaviour of normal and heat treated (48.4 degrees C, 48.8 degrees C, 49.5 degrees C) red blood cells (RBCs) suspended in dextran-saline solutions (Dx 70, Dx 173) was investigated by a laser light reflectometric method over a wide range of bridging energies. The characteristic times of rouleau formation were found to be increased after RBC heat treatment. The disaggregation shear stress is not significantly different between normal RBCs and heat treated RBCs. The loss of cell deformability is nevertheless shown to improve slightly the dissociation efficiency of the flowing liquid in a shear flow resulting in a small reduction of the disaggregation shear rate after heat treatment. Heat treatment is also shown to alter the structure of RBC network at equilibrium. These results indicate that heat induced alterations of erythrocytes only affects the mechanical properties of the cell membrane without significant changes in the macromolecular bridging energy. AUSnabre P; Baumler H ; Mills P EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p185-95 MJErythrocyte Aggregation; Heat MNBlood Viscosity; Dextrans; Erythrocyte Deformability; Kinetics MTHuman RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000908 TIA new rheological method to measure fluidity change of blood during coagulation : application to in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability of artificial materials. ABIn order to attempt in vitro evaluation of antithrombogenecity for materials of artificial blood vessel tube, a new type of rheometer was developed. The rheometer originally consists of a cylindrical tube suspended from a torsion wire and filled with blood. The tube is excited in torsional oscillation and subsequent damped oscillation is observed. The apparatus can sensitively follow the change of fluidity during coagulation of blood. The damped oscillation curves during coagulation for fibrinogen - thrombin solution and blood put in a cylindrical tube made of the artificial material were measured. For fibrinogen - thrombin solution with lower fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations, the values of logarithmic damping factor (LDF) during coagulation increased and then decreased through a maximum. For blood and fibrinogen-thrombin solution with the higher concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin, LDF monotonously decreased with the progress of coagulation. With a glass tube, the decrease of LDF for whole blood taken without anticoagulant rapidly occurred within about 15 min after sampling, while, with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE; Goar tex) and polydimethylsiloxane (Silastic) tubes, the decrease of LDF proceeds over 40-60 min. The present method is probably available for in vitro evaluation of anticoagulability or antithrombogenecity of artificial materials. AUKaibara M; Date M EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p197-208 MJBlood Coagulation; Flowmeters MNAdult; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Blood Viscosity; Fibrinogen /PH; Glass; Methods; Polytetrafluoroethylene; Silicone Elastomers; Thrombin /PH; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human RN111-30-8 (Glutaraldehyde) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000909 TIRheological discrimination between native, rigid and aggregated red blood cells in oscillatory flow. ABThe viscoelastic behaviour of hardened or aggregated red blood cells is compared with the flow pattern of native red blood cells, all suspended in buffer solution at a hematocrit of 45%. The rheological properties are investigated under oscillatory shear at the constant frequency of 2Hz. Variation of the amplitude covers a range of shear-rates from 0.5/s to 200/s. It can be seen that rigidification of the red cells by treatment with glutardialdehyde leads to changes of the flow properties in the range of shear-rates above 10/s, whereas aggregate formation due to addition of dextran distinctly alters the flow properties in the range of shear-rates below 10/s. AUSchneditz D; Ribitsch V; Kenner T EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p209-19 MJErythrocyte Aggregation; Erythrocytes MNBlood Viscosity; Dextrans; Elasticity; Glutaraldehyde MTHuman RN1553-41-9 (5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid); 73310-10-8 (eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester) IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000910 TIViscosities of some triglycerides and ethylester of fatty acids frequently found in cell membranes--a possible effect of viscosity of fatty acids in phospholipids on hemorheology. AUHamazaki T; Kobayashi S; Urakaze M; Yano S; Fujita T EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p221-6 MJBlood Viscosity; Fatty Acids; Oils; Triglycerides MN5,8,11,14,17-Eicosapentaenoic Acid /AA /AN; Fatty Acids /AN; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids /AN; Oils /AN; Phospholipids /AN; Plants; Triglycerides /AN MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000911 TIFluorescence polarization applied to cellular microrheology. ABThe fluorescence polarization of probe molecules gives information on the ╥fluidity╙ of probe environment. Although the data cannot be related with absolute values of microviscosity, the method is largely used for probing the ╥fluidity╙ of lipid regions of biological membranes. Therefore, fluorescence polarization is of interest in clinical research, for membrane alterations are associated with either pathological processes of red cells, platelets, leukocytes or important cell functions. AUStoltz JF; Donner M EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p227-47 MJFluorescence Polarization; Rheology MNBlood Platelets /AN; Erythrocyte Membrane /AN; Fluorescence Polarization /IS /MT; Leukocytes /AN; Membrane Fluidity; Membrane Lipids /AN; Membrane Proteins /AN; Spectrometry, Fluorescence MCReview MTHuman IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000912 TIFirst haemorheological experiment under zero gravity on space shuttle 'Discovery' [letter] AUDintenfass L EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p249 MJErythrocyte Aggregation; Weightlessness MNSpace Flight MTHuman IS0006-355X LAEnglish JCA65 SBM UI86000913 TIAbstracts of seventh annual meeting, Japan Society of Biorheology. Sapporo, Japan, 16-17 June 1984. EM8601 SOBiorheology (England), 1985, 22(3) p251-72 MJBlood Circulation; Rheology MNBlood Viscosity MTAnimal; Human IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000914 TI[Effect of elevated systemic arterial pressure on neurogenic vasoconstriction in the microcirculatory bed of rat skeletal muscles] ABVasomotor reactions produced by electrical stimulation of the sympathetic tract were studied in anesthetized rats by intravital microscopy of the skeletal muscle (extensor hallucis proprius). Experiments were made in normal and elevated blood pressure. The stimulation itself did not change BP but led to an appreciable decrease in the initial diameter of the arterioles (28.6 +/- 1.4 m). The constriction amounted to 21%. The lumen decreased by 38.9%. Injection of felypressin (Sandoz) in a dose of 6 to 8 IU/100 g produced the pressor reaction. The 27.4% rise of BP during primary phase of the pressor response inhibited the development of the neurogenic vasoconstriction which was 11.5% for arteriolar diameter and 20.4% for lumen. The data suggest that inhibition of the neurogenic vasoconstriction is caused by an increase in arteriolar pressure. Consequently the elevation of intralumen pressure is considered as a protective mechanism of the drop of the tissue blood flow because of the sympathetic vasoconstriction. AUTimkina MI; Iusupov TT TT[Vliianie povysheniia sistemnogo arterial'nogo davleniia na neirogennuiu vazokonstriktsiiu v mikrotsirkuliatornom rusle skeletnoi myshtsy krysy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p259-61 MJBlood Pressure; Muscles; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction MNElectric Stimulation; Microcirculation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN50-55-5 (Reserpine); 54-92-2 (Iproniazid) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000915 TI[Motor reactions in rats during critical growth periods in the early postnatal age] ABWithin the first days after birth, the sleeping rats demonstrate the high rate of motor reactions (RMR) of the jerk type. With advancing age the RMR diminishes. However during a sudden change in the growth, the 25-day-old rats show an increase in the RMR of the jerk type. This is manifested by the return of the functions to the state marking the first days of life. The catecholaminergic mechanisms of the growth and development of rats are discussed. AUPraznikov VP TT[Osobennosti dvigatel'nykh reaktsii u krys vo vremia kriticheskikh periodov rosta v rannem postnatal'nom vozraste.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p261-4 MJMovement; Rats MNCatecholamines /BL; Electroencephalography; Iproniazid /PH; Movement /DE; Reserpine /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000916 TI[Modulating influence of the 2d somatosensory cortex of the cerebral cortex on the effects of electroacupuncture on the trigeminal nuclei] ABThe effect of reversible functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres on changes in the transmission of the afferent signals in the trigeminal nuclei after electroacupuncture was studied in acute experiments on adult cats anesthetized with hexenal (59 mg/kg i. p.). After functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex electroacupuncture failed to facilitate the evoked potentials in the oral trigeminal nucleus by stimulation of the tooth pulp and the lip of the mouth. In the caudal nucleus, the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on noxious stimulation decreased. The involvement of this brain cortex in the mechanisms of action of electroacupuncture on functionally different nuclei is discussed. AUReshetniak VK; Dolgikh VG; Durinian RA TT[Moduliruiushchee vliianie vtoroi somatosensornoi oblasti kory bolshikh polusharii mozga na effekty elektroakupunktury v trigeminal'nykh iadrakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p264-5 MJAcupuncture; Somatosensory Cortex; Trigeminal Nuclei MNCats; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000917 TI[Blood supply to the heart and coronary vasodilation reserves in experimental myocardial hypertrophy] ABThe effects of pressure overload left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on heart performance and coronary circulation were investigated in dog experiments. The data obtained clearly demonstrate that left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures were increased in LVH dogs. The heart rate and cardiac output were unchanged. However, there was a tendency toward lowering in the maximal rate of myocardial contractility and relaxation (+dP/dtmax and--dP/dtmax). It has been shown that in LVH dogs, the coronary blood flow was higher and coronary artery resistance was lower than in control ones. The peak reactive hyperemic flow was higher in LVH dogs but the coronary artery resistance calculated at the height of reactive hyperemia was similar both in control and LVH dogs, evidence of a reduction in the total coronary vasodilator reserves in the latter ones. The diastolic pressure-time index-tension time index (DPTI/TTI) ratio in LVH dogs decreased so that the value was sufficiently low to predict a reduction in endocardial perfusion even in experimental increased coronary perfusion pressure. AUStroganova NP; Kovalenko VI TT[Krovosnabzhenie serdtsa i rasshiritel'nyi rezerv koronarnykh sosudov pri eksperimental'noi gipertrofii miokarda.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p266-8 MJCoronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Heart Enlargement; Vasodilation MNCardiac Output; Dogs; Heart Rate; Myocardial Contraction; Vascular Resistance MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 7695-91-2 (vitamin E acetate) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000919 TI[Effect of alpha-tocopheryl acetate on blood biochemical parameters in albino rats as affected by acoustic stress] ABExperiments on random-bred white male rats have demonstrated the activation of induced lipid peroxidation in red cell membranes, elevation on the basal level of plasma lipid peroxides, a decrease in the content of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and red blood cell membranes, considerable shifts in the content of esterified and free cholesterol in plasma and red blood cell membranes under prolonged acoustic stress (91 dB). Administration of alpha-tocopheryl acetate in a dose of 1 mg/kg exerted a beneficial effect on the test parameters under prolonged acoustic stress. AUMelkonian MM; Mkhitarian VG TT[Vliianie al'fa-tokoferilatsetata na nekotorye biokhimicheskie parametry krovi belykh krys v usloviiakh akusticheskogo stressa.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p270-2 MJStress; Vitamin E MNCholesterol /BL; Erythrocyte Membrane /ME; Lipid Peroxides /BL; Noise; Rats; Stress /DT; Vitamin E /BL /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN61742-10-7 (lithium hydroxybutyrate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000920 TI[Effect of lithium salts on neuropathological syndromes of spinal origin] ABExperiments on noninbred rats were made to study the influence of lithium hydroxybutyrate on two patterns of spinal cord pathology: the generalized myoclonus and painful syndrome of spinal origin. The syndromes were induced by generators of pathologically enhanced excitation in the ventral and dorsal horns of the spinal cord. The effects of lithium chloride and sodium hydroxybutyrate were examined to compare the influence of lithium (cation) and hydroxybutyrate (anion) components to elucidate the role of each of the components. Lithium hydroxybutyrate appeared more effective, since it inhibited the generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the appropriate structures, provoking the anticonvulsant effect in myoclonus and suppressing the painful syndrome. AUGrafova VN; Danilova EI TT[Vliianie solei litiia na neiropatologicheskie sindromy spinal'nogo proiskhozhdeniia.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p273-5 MJHydroxybutyrates; Lithium; Spinal Cord Diseases MNMyoclonus /DT; Pain /DT; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1622-62-4 (Flunitrazepam); 50-49-7 (Imipramine); 60106-89-0 (Dihydroalprenolol); 613-67-2 (WB 4101) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000921 TI[Effect of chronic psychogenic stress on the characteristics of synaptic membrane receptors in the rat brain] ABIt has been shown that the 15-day stressing of rats by means of stochastic footshock combined with light flashes leads to a relatively stable ╥behavioral depression╙. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure to stress crude synaptosomes isolated from the whole brain demonstrated an increase in the KD of 3H-dihydroalprenolol specific binding and a lowering of the Bmax of 3H-WB-4101 specific binding sites. Specific binding of 3H-flunitrazepam changes inconclusively: the decrease in the KD is followed by a reduction in the concentration of receptors. Specific binding of 3H-imipramine by brain membranes remains unchanged under the above conditions. AUNikuradze VO; Rozhanets VV; Kozlovskaia MM; Val'dman AV TT[Vliianie khronicheskogo psikhogennogo stressa na kharakteristiki nekotorykh retseptorov sinapticheskikh membran golovnogo mozga krys.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p275-7 MJBrain; Stress, Psychological; Synaptic Receptors MNAdrenergic Alpha Receptor Blockaders /ME; Dihydroalprenolol /ME; Dioxanes /ME; Flunitrazepam /ME; Imipramine /ME; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RNEC 2.7.7.- (RNA Polymerase I); EC 2.7.7.- (RNA Polymerase II) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000922 TI[Change in the RNA polymerase activity in heart and liver cells during immobilization stress] ABImmobilization stress produces changes in the activity of polymerase I and II RNA in heart and liver cells. At the beginning of the poststressor reaction of the body the activity of both enzymes is lowered. Later on the activity of polymerase I RNA considerably exceeds the control level, whereas the activity of polymerase II RNA returns to the initial values. AUIavich MP; Meerson FZ TT[Izmenenie aktivnosti RNK-polimeraz v kletkakh serdtsa i pecheni pri immobilizatsionnom stresse.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p277-9 MJLiver; Myocardium; RNA Polymerase II; RNA Polymerase I; Stress, Psychological MNImmobilization; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 6898-94-8 (Alanine); 6899-04-3 (Glutamine); 7664-41-7 (Ammonia) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000923 TI[Correction of contractile function and metabolism in canine ischemic myocardium due to exogenous glutamic acid] ABThe effect of intravenous glutamic acid infusion (3 mg/kg/min) was studied during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in anesthetized dogs. Left ventricular ischemia was induced by underperfusion of the anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries. Glutamic acid reduced the ischemic contractile depression 2 min after a 60%-reduction of the coronary blood flow. The left ventricular systolic pressure was decreased by 9% versus 22%, dP/dt by 16% versus 29%, left ventricular systolic pressure heart rate product by 16% versus 31%. Reperfusion with glutamic acid improved the recovery of cardiac performance without any increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. Glutamic acid infusion resulted in a 2-fold augmentation of glutamate uptake by the ischemic myocardium. It led to cessation of ammonia release by the heart due to activation of glutamine synthesis, enhancement of alanine formation coupled with pyruvate utilization and did not change lactate production. The mechanisms of the protective action of glutamic acid are discussed. AUPisarenko OI; Novikova EB; Serebriakova LI; Tskitishvili OV; Ivanov VE TT[Korrektsiia sokratitel'noi funktsii i obmena ishemizirovannogo miokarda sobaki pod vliianiem ekzogennoi glutaminovoi kisloty.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p280-2 MJCoronary Disease; Glutamates; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardium MNAlanine /ME; Ammonia /ME; Dogs; Glutamine /ME; Oxygen Consumption /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000924 TI[Hemodynamic changes in immobilization stress] ABIn chronic experiments on 75 Wistar, August and randombred rats hemodynamic changes were examined during 30-hour immobilization stress. The ECG was recorded and arterial blood pressure measured. The basic hemodynamic characteristics were determined with the help of the previously implanted ultrasonic blood flow probes. Analysis of hemodynamic changes in animals resistant, adapted and prone to stress demonstrated that changes in the total peripheral resistance play the leading role in the disturbance of the arterial blood pressure control. It was established that a progressive lowering of arterial blood pressure resulting from the abruptly reduced total peripheral resistance is the main and the most frequent cause of death of animals exposed to immobilization stress. At the same time the cardiac hemodynamic component may play an essential role in the mechanism of death. This component may include either progressive bradycardia or a combination of an ischemic myocardial damage and reduced total peripheral resistance. AUUl'ianinskii LS ; Medvedev OS; Buniatian AM; Matsievskii DD ; Rozhanskaia NI TT[Izmeneniia gemodinamiki pri immobilizatsionnom stresse.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p282-5 MJHemodynamics; Stress, Psychological MNAdaptation, Physiological; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Volume; Immobilization; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stroke Volume; Vascular Resistance MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000925 TI[Activation of lipid peroxidation processes in chronic ischemic heart disease] ABThe content of lipid peroxidation products--hydroperoxides with conjugated double bonds and fluorescent compounds, which are formed on interaction of primary lipid peroxidation products and proteins, considerably increases in blood plasma of patients suffering from coronary heart disease. Treatment with combined vitamins E and C enables the blood plasma lipid peroxidation products to be decreased to a far greater extent as compared with conventional therapy. AUKhuzhamberdiev M TT[Aktivatsiia protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri khronicheskoi ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p285-6 MJCoronary Disease; Lipid Peroxides MNAscorbic Acid /TU; Coronary Disease /DT; Vitamin E /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000926 TI[Pulmonary circulation in different gaseous media] ABThe ultrasonic method was used in acute experiments on cats with an open (under artificial lung ventilation) and closed chest to explore lung circulation in a changed gaseous medium. Moderate hypoxia (10% O2) and hypercapnia (5, 10% CO2) induce a 10-15% decrease in the lung blood flow in the inferolobular pulmonary artery in the presence of unchanged or slightly elevated minute volume of the heart. The higher hypoxia (5% O2) provokes inconclusive changes in the lung blood flow: biphasic response or increase. It is assumed that considerable elevation of blood pressure in the common pulmonary artery in all the cases points to vasoconstriction that occurs under the effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia. AUSanotskaia IV; Matsievskii DD TT[Legochnoe krovoobrashchenie v usloviiakh izmenennoi gazovoi sredy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p286-9 MJAnoxia; Hypercapnia; Pulmonary Circulation MNAsphyxia /PP; Cats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN64-69-7 (iodoacetic acid) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000927 TI[Oscillatory evoked potentials in the rabbit visual system during experimental retinal pathology induced by administration of monoiodoacetic acid] ABERG and EP of the visual cortex (VC) and superior colliculus (SC) were investigated under experimental dystrophy of the retina induced by intravenous injection of monoiodoacetic acid in different doses. The relative resistance of the VC to the derangement of retinal function was established. It was manifested by less marked suppression of its EP as compared with ERG. Taking into consideration the selective projection to the SC of the rod system that was damaged to a greater degree under pathology in question, it is suggested that functional suppression of the SC might facilitate the conduction of visual information through the main retino-geniculo-cortical canal. This might be one of the factors of VC resistance to the impairment of retinal function. This assumption was confirmed in experiments with SC electrocoagulation in which one could observe the facilitation of EP formation of the contralateral VC. AUGasanov GG; Gadzhieva NA; Rzaeva NM; Dmitrenko AI; Kulieva FB TT[Ostsilliatornye vyzvannye potentsialy v zritel'noi sisteme krolika pri eksperimental'noi patologii setchatki, sozdannoi vvedeniem monoioduksusnoi kisloty.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p289-92 MJEvoked Potentials, Visual; Retinal Degeneration /PP; Superior Colliculus; Visual Cortex MNElectroretinography; Iodoacetates; Rabbits; Retinal Degeneration /CI MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000928 TI[Dynamics of indices of the rat endocrine and lymphatic systems during cold adaptation] ABA study was made of the content of corticosterone, thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the blood, of the thymic weight and cytomorphological characteristics of rat lymph nodes during prolonged cold (4-5 degrees C) adaptation. Interrelated alterations in the characteristics under study were revealed at different stages of adaptation. The morphofunctional recovery of the lymphoid tissue occurs in the phase of the increased specific stability in spite of the fact that the action of cold is continued and the blood corticosterone concentration is elevated. A new type of the endocrine-lymphoid relationships is supposed to be formed during lengthy adaptation, with this type being different from that both in the starting state and acute stress. AUBorodin IuI; Sedova LA; Seliatitskaia VG; Shorin IuP TT[Dinamika nekotorykh pokazatelei endokrinnoi i limfaticheskoi sistem u krys pri kholodovoi adaptatsii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p292-4 MJAcclimatization; Cold; Endocrine Glands; Lymphatic System MNCorticosterone /BL; Lymph Nodes /CY; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thymus Gland; Thyroxine /BL; Triiodothyronine /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN525-66-6 (Propranolol) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000929 TI[Changes in the blood microcirculation in the mouth mucosa in experimental stomatitis] ABAphthous lesions in the oral mucosa (OM) were simulated in dog experiments by ligation of the common bile duct. In one of the experimental groups the beta-adrenoblocker propranolol was administered 30 min before surgery. Two hours after surgery the animals manifested changes in blood microcirculation of the OM. In animals treated with propranolol, the characteristics of blood microcirculation remained within normal. It is concluded that the development of aphthous lesions is preceded by functional disorders of blood microcirculation in the OM which are probably related to alterations in the neurovascular system. AUBarkovskii VS ; Airapetian GO TT[Izmeneniia gemomikrotsirkuliatsii v slizistoi obolochke polosti rta pri eksperimental'nom stomatite.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p294-6 MJMouth Mucosa; Stomatitis, Aphthous MNCommon Bile Duct /PH; Dogs; Ligation; Microcirculation /DE; Mouth Mucosa /DE; Propranolol /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1406-18-4 (Vitamin E); 7559-04-8 (tocopherylquinone) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000930 TI[Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the concentration of alpha-tocopherylquinone in human blood lipids] ABThe electron-spin resonance (ESR) was applied to examine human plasma and red cell lipids. In the lipids, the signal of ESR of alpha-tocopherylquinone was recorded. The concentration of the latter in the lipids was found to be elevated in coronary heart disease. Intramuscular injection of 30% oily solution of alpha-tocopherylquinone in a dose of 2 ml two times a day over three days entailed an increase in the concentration of alpha-tocopherylquinone in plasma and red cell lipids. AUSaifutdinov RG TT[Vliianie al'fa-tokoferola na kontsentratsiiu al'fa-tokoferilkhinona v lipidakh krovi liudei.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p296-7 MJCoronary Disease; Lipids; Vitamin E MNErythrocytes /ME; Vitamin E /BL MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN35080-11-6 (Prajmaline); 4360-12-7 (Ajmaline) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000931 TI[Localization of the binding site for quaternary derivatives of ajmaline in the Na channel of an excitable membrane] ABThe effects of external or internal application of quaternary derivatives of ajmaline and N-propyl ajmaline (NMA) to the frog nodes of Ranvier were studied by the voltage clamp method. It was established that external application of NMA is much less effective than that of the tertiary amine ajmaline or its quaternary analog N-ethyl ajmaline at comparable concentration. Even at a concentration of 1 mM NMA when applied externally caused only relatively insignificant tonic and use-dependent inhibition of sodium currents. In contrast, internal application of NMA (1 mM) through the cut ends of the fiber led to pronounced use-dependent inhibition of sodium currents. The conclusion is drawn that the binding site for NMA is located in the inner mouth of the Na channels which becomes available for the charged blocker only after opening of the activation gate. AUZaborovskaia LD; Khodorov BI TT[O lokalizatsii uchastka sviazyvaniia chetvertichnykh derivatov aimalina v Na-kanale vozbudimoi membrany.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p297-9 MJAjmaline; Ion Channels /ME; Prajmaline; Ranvier's Nodes /ME MNBinding Sites; Ion Channels /DE; Prajmaline /PD; Rana ridibunda; Ranvier's Nodes /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000932 TI[Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in cataractous lenses] ABA study was made of the content of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) in the lenses extracted during operations for cataract as well as in transparent human lenses. In a mature cataract, the elevated content of primary, secondary and end products of lipid peroxidation (diene and triene conjugates, Schiff bases) was revealed. The content of LPP was identical in different clinical patterns of a mature cataract (senile, traumatic, complicated), which points to the universal role of lipid peroxidation in lenticular opacity. AUBabizhaev MA; Shvedova AA; Arkhipenko IuV; Kagan VE TT[Nakoplenie produktov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v khrustalike pri katarakte.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p299-301 MJCataract /ME; Lens, Crystalline; Lipid Peroxides MNCataract /FG; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro RNEC 3.4.23.1 (Pepsin) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000933 TI[Interaction of enzymatically modified low-density lipoproteins with fibronectin] ABInteraction of human low-density lipoproteins (LDL) with homologous fibronectin fixed on collagen-Sepharose was studied. LDL were digested with pepsin, the degree of hydrolysis amounting to 10%. Upon passing modified LDL through a fibronectin-collagen-Sepharose column the desorption of fibronectin occurred. Addition of the increasing amount of fibronectin to the pepsin-treated LDL solution in the presence of Ca2+ ions led to the formation of LDL-fibronectin insoluble complexes. Interaction of native LDL with fibronectin was not observed. The data suggest that enzymatic modification of LDL increasing interaction of modified LDL with fibronectin, a component of extracellular matrix, could promote the accumulation of such LDL in arterial walls. AUChulkova TM TT[Vzaimodeistvie fermentativno modifitsirovannykh lipoproteidov nizkoi plotnosti s fibronektinom.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p301-3 MJFibronectins; Lipoproteins, LDL; Pepsin MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; In Vitro RN11062-77-4 (Superoxide); 555-60-2 (Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000934 TI[Generation of superoxide radicals by ischemic heart mitochondria] ABTiron (1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid, disodium salt) was used as a spin trap to detect superoxide radicals produced by rat heart mitochondria. It was shown that ischemia results in the enhancement of the mitochondrial superoxide-forming activity. In the presence of the oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler mesoxalonitrile (3-chlorophenyl)-hydrazone the superoxide production rate in the control mitochondria increases, that in the ischemic mitochondria remains unchanged. AULedenev AN; Ruuge EK TT[Generatsiia superoksidnykh radikalov mitokhondriiami serdtsa v usloviiakh ishemii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p303-5 MJCoronary Disease; Mitochondria, Heart /ME MNCarbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone /PD; Electron Spin Resonance; Free Radicals; Mitochondria, Heart /DE; Rats; Superoxide /ME; Uncoupling Agents /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000935 TI[Frequency-dependent effects in an alternating electric field on an isolated frog heart] ABAn isolated frog heart placed in a special chamber with Ringer solution (pH 7.2) was stimulated by electric field at a frequency of 0.3-4.0 Hz with graphite electrodes immersed in the solution. Unusual resonance phenomena were observed during a progressive increase or decrease of the stimulation frequency: the amplitude of the mechanical responses of the preparation rose at multiple frequencies of stimulation, whereas the frequency of the responses remained unchanged. AUBogdanova EA; Pliashkevich LN; Smagin AG TT[Chastotozavisimye effekty v znakoperemennom elektricheskom pole na izolirovannom serdtse liagushki.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p305-8 MJHeart MNElectric Stimulation; Electromagnetic Fields; Myocardial Contraction; Rana Temporaria MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000936 TI[Determination of double bonds in the lipid fraction of blood plasma in burn patients using the ADS-4M apparatus] ABAn ADS-4M analyser was employed to study the diagnostic potentialities of the method for determination of double bonds (DB) in lipids of the burnt's blood as a rapid method for revealing alterations in unsaturated fatty acids (USFA). The method was tried in 25 patients with varying gravity of burn injury and in 15 healthy subjects with a purpose of establishing the norm. It was discovered that in patients with burn, the number of DB differed from normal depending on the disease gravity. The time course of changes in the number of DB attests to the necessity of the use of the method under consideration for evaluating abnormalities in the content of USFA. AUSologub VK; Oliunina NA; Lisitsyn DM; Lavrov VA; Babskaia IuE TT[Opredelenie dvoinnykh sviazei lipidnoi fraktsii plazmy krovi priborom ADS-4M u obozhzhennykh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p308-10 MJBlood Chemical Analysis; Burns; Lipids MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000937 TI[Characteristics of the benzodiazepine receptors in rats with different predispositions to the development of experimental alcoholism] ABA study was made of the density and affinity of benzodiazepine receptors in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres and hippocampus of rats with different predisposition to alcohol consumption. No differences were revealed in the parameters under study in animals with varying duration of ethanol anesthesia and in rats after voluntary consumption of ethanol for 3.5 and 10 months. In a state of abstinence rats with physical dependence manifested a dramatic decrease in the density and affinity of benzodiazepine receptors in the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. No changes described were detected in the hippocampus. The role of benzodiazepine receptors in the development of abstinence is discussed. AUBurov IuV; Iukhananov RIu; Maiskii AI TT[Kharakteristika benzodiazepinovykh retseptorov u krys s razlichnoi predraspolozhennost'iu k razvitiiu eksperimental'nogo alkogolizma.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p311-3 MJAlcoholism; Cerebral Cortex; Hippocampus; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAlcohol, Ethyl; Rats; Substance Dependence /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN10099-58-8 (lanthanum chloride); 10138-52-0 (gadolinium chloride); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 7439-91-0 (Lanthanum); 7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-02-0 (Nickel); 7440-54-2 (Gadolinium); 7718-54-9 (nickel chloride); 7773-01-5 (manganese chloride) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000938 TI[Potentiating action of bi- and trivalent metal salts on the analgesic effect of morphine] ABIt has been found that the metal salts MnCl2, NiCl2, GdCl3 and LaCl3 in doses up to 30, 20, 5 and 10 micrograms, respectively, potentiate the analgesic effect of intracisternally injected morphine (2 micrograms per mouse). The ability of the metal salts to potentiate the affinity of opiate ligands to the appropriate receptors is effectuated via interaction of metal cation with the specific opiate receptor site. It is suggested that one of the possible mechanisms of the potentiating effect of some metal salts on the morphine-induced analgesia involves the enhancement of morphine affinity for mu-receptors in the brain. AUChichenkov ON; Porodenko NV; Zaitsev SV TT[Potentsiruiushchee deistvie solei dvukh- i trekhvalentnykh metallov na anal'geticheskikh effekt morfina.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p313-5 MJAnalgesics; Metals; Morphine MNDrug Synergism; Gadolinium /PD; Lanthanum /PD; Manganese /PD; Mice; Nickel /PD; Receptors, Endorphin /DE MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN1307-52-4 (Ruthenium Red); 58-08-2 (Caffeine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 94-24-6 (Tetracaine) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000939 TI[Effect of caffeine on the Ca2+-transport function of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the rat myocardium] ABThe effects of caffeine on active transport of Ca2 by heavy and light fractions of rat myocardial microsomes were investigated with the use of a Ca2+-selective electrode and nephelometry. It was found that under the effect of caffeine (5 mM) the rate of Ca2 transport in the presence of oxalate decreased by 30 to 40%. The caffeine-induced inhibition was prevented by ruthenium and tetracaine, thus suggesting the inhibitor specificity. Since caffeine is a specific blocker of Ca2 transport to the terminal cisterns of the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, it is assumed that the microsomal fraction of rat myocardium contains terminal cistern fragments. AUBenevolenskii DS ; Men'shikova EV; Levitskii DO ; Ritov VB; Kozlov IuP TT[Vliianie kofeina na Ca2+-transportiruiushchuiu funktsiiu puzyr'kov sarkoplazmaticheskogo retikuluma iz miokarda krysy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p315-7 MJCaffeine /PD; Calcium; Myocardium; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Caffeine /AI; Microsomes /ME; Rats; Ruthenium Red /PD; Tetracaine /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; In Vitro RN502-85-2 (Sodium Oxybate) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000940 TI[State of the peripheral catecholaminergic systems during pharmacologic correction of immobilization stress using sodium oxybutyrate] ABFluorescent microscopy and spectrofluorometry of biogenic amines were employed to study the peripheral catecholaminergic systems in immobilized rats which received sodium hydroxybutyrate. The content of catecholamines was measured in the adrenergic nerves of dura mater, vas deferens and chromaffin tissue of the adrenals. It was established that sodium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally promoted returning to normal of the adrenergic mediator activity during alarm and resistance stages. The role of the peripheral catecholaminergic systems in the mechanism of the stress-protective effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate is discussed. AUKhaisman EB ; Malikova LA; Arefolov VA TT[Sostoianie perifericheskikh katekholaminergicheskikh sistem v usloviiakh farmakologicheskoi korrektsii immobilizatsionnogo stressa s pomoshch'iu oksibutirata natriia.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p317-9 MJCatecholamines; Hydroxybutyrates; Sodium Oxybate; Stress, Psychological MNAdrenal Glands /ME; Adrenergic Fibers /ME; Chromaffin System /ME; Dura Mater /ME; Immobilization; Rats; Vas Deferens /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN502-85-2 (Sodium Oxybate); 542-78-9 (Malondialdehyde); 61742-10-7 (lithium hydroxybutyrate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000941 TI[Study of the mechanism of the anti-hypoxic action of lithium oxybutyrate using cerebral ischemia as a model] ABA study was made of energy metabolism and concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) in cerebral tissue of mice given sodium hydroxybutyrate and lithium hydroxybutyrate 30 and 60 s after decapitation. Administration of lithium hydroxybutyrate brought about a more economic consumption of the glycogen pool as compared with ╥hypoxic╙ control. The differences were revealed in the action of both salts on ATP. The concentration of MDA declined after their administration, lithium hydroxybutyrate being more efficacious. The possible mechanisms of the action of lithium hydroxybutyrate are discussed. AUIvanova IA; Bobkov IuG; Losev AS TT[Izuchenie mekhanizma antigipoksicheskogo deistviia oksibutirata litiia na modeli ishemii mozga.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p319-22 MJCerebral Ischemia; Hydroxybutyrates; Lithium MNBrain /ME; Cerebral Ischemia /ME; Energy Metabolism /DE; Malondialdehyde /ME; Mice; Sodium Oxybate /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000942 TI[Correlation between the number of serotonin type 2 receptors in the frontal cortex of the mouse brain and the expressivity of serotonin-dependent head twitches] ABThe number of serotonin type 2 receptors (S2) was measured in the frontal cortex of mice belonging to 7 inbred strains using specific 3H-spiperone binding. In the same mice, measurements were also taken of the number of 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced (200 mg/kg i.p.) of head twitches (HT). A significant positive interspecific correlation was demonstrated between the number of S2 and HT. The conclusion is drawn that in the frontal cortex 3H-spiperone is bound to functionally active S2 and that the intensity of HT is largely controlled by the genetically determined number of S2 in the brain. AUPopova NK; Kulikov AV; Pak DF TT[Korreliatsiia mezhdu kolichestvom serotoninovykh retseptorov vtorogo tipa vo frontal'noi kore mozga myshei i vyrazhennost'iu serotoninzavisimogo vstriakhivaniia golovoi.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p322-4 MJFrontal Lobe; Head; Hydroxytryptophan; Movement; Receptors, Serotonin MNMice, Inbred Strains; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000943 TI[Change in the absorptive capacity of macrophages from different organs after administration of hydrocortisone] ABTwo, twenty-four and 48 h after hydrocortisone treatment in a dose of 125 mg/kg bw the blood clearance rate for colloidal carbon particles in rats turned to be 2, 2.1. and 1.6 times less whereas that for 51Cr-SRBC in CBA mice 2.1, 2.2 and 1.7 times less as compared to untreated controls. Within 24 and 72 h after hormone injection the efficacy of red blood cell uptake by Kupffer cells decreased 1.35 and 1.8 times whereas the similar uptake by lung or spleen macrophages changed but insignificantly and that by bone marrow cells was even greater than in controls. Toward the 5th day after zymosan treatment the uptake capacity of Kupffer cells was the greatest whereas the plasma 11-OHCS content was 1.3-fold less versus the control values. AUMaianskii DN ; Voronina NP; Voronin AIu TT[Izmenenie poglotitel'noi sposobnosti makrofagov iz raznykh organov pri vvedenii gidrokortizona.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p324-6 MJHydrocortisone; Macrophages; Phagocytosis MN11-Hydroxycorticosteroids /BL; Bone Marrow /DE; Kidney /DE; Kupffer Cells /DE; Liver /DE; Lung /DE; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spleen /DE; Time Factors MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000944 TI[Role of antigen-binding cells in the formation of producers of antibodies and antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulins] ABThe role of antigen-binding cells in the formation of antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin producers in the Mishell-Dutton system was investigated. It was shown that the main part of antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin producers arise from the cells bearing antigen-specific receptors (as well as antibody producers). The nature of antigen-specific receptors of the precursors of antibody-forming and antigen-dependent nonspecific immunoglobulin-forming cells is discussed. AUAgadzhanian MG; Megrabian TB; Sidorova EV TT[Rol' antigensviazyvaiushchikh kletok v obrazovanii produtsentov antitel i antigenzavisimykh nespetsificheskikh immunoglobulinov.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p327-9 MJAntibody-Producing Cells; Antigens; Immunoglobulins MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Receptors, Antigen /IM; Spleen /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000945 TI[Immunologic typing of splenic lymphocytes from human fetuses--donors of pancreatic islet cell cultures] ABTo determine the HLA-phenotype of a potential donor of pancreatic islet cells, use was made of lymphocytes from 18-25-week-old human fetuses. The HLA-phenotype was clearly established in 39 out of 52 cases. In 13 cases, the authors failed to reveal histocompatibility antigens because of low viability of lymphocytes. The relationship was ascertained between the detectability of HLA-antigens in fetal donors and cytophysiological characteristics of islet cell cultures prepared from the pancreas. AUKrasavtseva TK; Dolbin AG; Zaretskaia IuM; Bliumkin VN; Durneva TS TT[Immunologicheskoe tipirovanie limfotsitov selezenki vnutriutrobnykh plodov cheloveka--donorov kul'tur ostrovkovykh kletok] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p330-1 MJFetus; Histocompatibility Testing; Islands of Langerhans; Tissue Donors MNHLA Antigens /AN; Spleen /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 11137-48-7 (essential 303 forte); 114-86-3 (Phenformin); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 637-07-0 (Clofibrate) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000947 TI[Effect of hypolipidemic preparations on basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in tumor cells] ABA study was made of the action of the antidiabetic biguanide phenformin, clofibrate and the phospholipid drug Essentiale on the basal and adrenaline-stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma cells. All the drugs under study potentiated the hormone-stimulated activity of adenylate cyclase. Unlike phenformin and Essentiale, clofibrate did not exert any effect on the basal activity of adenylate cyclase. On the other hand, certain differences were revealed in changes of the lipid content of tumor cells during application of the drugs in question. Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by hypolipidemic drugs is regarded as a promising approach to the goal-oriented changing of hormonal sensitivity of tumor cells. AUBershtein LM ; Kovaleva IG; Rozenberg OA TT[Vliianie gipolipidemicheskikh preparatov na bazal'nuiu i stimulirovannuiu aktivnost' adenilattsiklazy v opukholevykh kletkakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p334-6 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Antilipemic Agents; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor MNCarcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor /ME; Clofibrate /PD; Enzyme Activation; Epinephrine /PD; Lipids /ME; Mice; Phenformin /PD; Phosphatidylcholines /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000948 TI[Interaction of alveolar macrophages with fibronectin during sensitization and anaphylactic shock] ABInteraction of rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) with homologous fibronectin bound to gelatin-sepharose granules was studied. Macrophages obtained at the height of anaphylactic shock and cells from sensitized animals after preincubation with antigen or histamine failed to adhere to the fibronectin-coated surface. AM from intact and sensitized animals were capable of adhering to the fibronectin-coated granules in a Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent manner. Pretreatment of intact cells with trypsin inhibited AM-fibronectin interaction. The data indicate that the surface of AM bears protein receptors, capable of interacting with fibronectin, which change their affinity during anaphylactic shock and under the effect of histamine. It may be thus concluded that fibronectin is involved in the function of mononuclear phagocytes in health, evidence that complements the idea of the role played by macrophages in the pathogenesis of the immediate type hypersensitivity. AUZubairova LD; Zinkevich OD; Litvinov RI TT[Vzaimodeistvie al'veoliarnykh makrofagov s fibronektinom pri sensibilizatsii i anafilakticheskom shoke.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p336-9 MJAnaphylaxis; Fibronectins; Hypersensitivity; Macrophages; Pulmonary Alveoli MNRabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000949 TI[Nature of the chalone fraction of erythrocyte extracts] ABThe chalone fraction of erythrocyte extracts is immunologically identical to albumin and not identical to hemoglobin. It differs from albumin and hemoglobin in biological properties and electrophoretic mobility. The immune antichalone serum permits evaluating erythropoiesis in posttransfusion polycythemia and acute blood loss. AUNeustroev GV TT[Issledovanie prirody keilonnoi fraktsii ekstraktov eritrotsitov.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p339-40 MJChalones; Erythrocytes MNHemorrhage /BL; Polycythemia Vera /BL; Polycythemia /BL; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000950 TI[Differences in the rate of establishment of permanent estrus in rats after autotransplantation of the ovaries and as affected by other conditions] ABIn adult female rats, constant light leads to the cessation of the sexual cycle and formation of permanent estrus after 6 to 7 days. In young animals, the sexual cycle was retained despite constant light and only after 3 months when the body weight of the rats reached 200-220 g the estrus became permanent. This happened earlier than in animals with the ovaries autotransplanted to the ears. The combination of constant light and autotransplantation of the ovaries caused an earlier formation of permanent estrus. It is marked that the same mechanism (the age-associated decrease of the cyclic center sensitivity to estrogen) underlies permanent estrus of various etiology. AUSmetanina MD; Vunder PA TT[Razlichiia v skorosti ustanovleniia postoiannogo estrusa u krys pri autotransplantatsii iachnikov i nekotorykh vozdeistviiakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p341-2 MJEstrus; Ovary MNAging; Light; Rats; Time Factors; Transplantation, Autologous MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN0 (estrophilin) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000951 TI[Role of sex steroids and the pituitary in regulating the level of a specific estrogen-binding protein in rat liver] ABThe effects of androgens (A), estrogens (E) and hypophysectomy on the content of an unusual rat liver estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) were studied by the differential quantitative method of the UEBP content measurement. The UEBP content was shown to increase during maturation of male rats. After A injections the UEBP content was high only in the liver of prepubertal but not of mature or immature males. Castration or hypophysectomy of mature males equally caused a decrease in the UEBP content in mature males whereas subsequent administration of A made it completely return to normal. Hypophysectomy of castrated males did not alter the UEBP content. A single injection of E provoked an appreciable reduction in the UEBP level after several days. Administration of A interfered with the inhibitory action of E after simultaneous injection of A and E and recovered the E-induced lowering of the UEBP content upon administration of A following E. Hypophysectomy of castrated males did not affect significantly the UEBP level. The UEBP content was insensitive to the direct action of pituitary factors. The pituitary is necessary for the realization of the effects of E alone but not A. It is suggested that the regulatory role of A consists in the maintenance of the constant optimal UEBP level in rat liver. AUSmirnova OV; Vishniakova TG; Rozen VB TT[Rol' polovykh steroidov i gipofiza v reguliatsii urovnia osobogo estrogensviazyvaiushchego belka pecheni krys.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p342-5 MJCarrier Proteins; Liver; Pituitary Hormones; Sex Hormones /PH MNCastration; Hypophysectomy; Rats; Receptors, Estrogen /ME; Sex Hormones /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000952 TI[Structural and functional organization of the dorsal column nuclei after unilateral exclusion of the medial lemniscus] ABThe authors studied ultrastructural changes in neurons and alterations in evoked electrical responses after stimulation of the forelegs in the nuclei gracilis and cuneatus one year after unilateral section of the medial lemniscus in cats. It was shown that intact projectional elements of the nuclei gracilis and cuneatus had the normal cytological appearance and functional activity of their synaptical organization in spite of the cytoarchitectonic asymmetry. After disruption of the medial lemniscus the symmetrical nuclei of the dorsal columns did not exhibit any asymmetry in the distribution of evoked responses after stimulation of the forelegs. AUOrlova TV; Grechkina EE TT[Strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia iader dorsal'nykh stolbov posle odnostoronnego vykliucheniia medial'noi petli.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p346-9 MJMedulla Oblongata; Neural Pathways; Thalamic Nuclei MNCats; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Forelimb /IR; Medulla Oblongata /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Thalamic Nuclei /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000953 TI[Morphological characteristics of tissue components of different layers of the rat myocardium] ABThe tissue components of the subendocardial, inner and outer intramural layers of the myocardium were examined by morphometry. There was no significant difference in the proportion of cardiomyocytes in the different layers of the myocardium (subendocardium 0.820 +/- 0.007; inner layer 0.713 +/- 0.100; outer intramural layers 0.727 +/- 0.008; subepicardium 0.699 +/- 0.009). The relative surface of cardiomyocytes was maximal in the subepicardium (58.62 +/- 1,18). The magnitudes of the volumetric density and surface of the capillaries decreased from the subepicardial toward the subendocardial layer. The diameter of myocytes in the test layers of the myocardium varied within a wide range. AUFedoseev VA; Pistsova TV TT[Morfologicheskie kharakteristiki tkanevykh komponentov raznykh sloev miokarda krysy.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p349-51 MJHeart MNMyocardium /CY; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000954 TI[Morphological characteristics of changes in the skeletal muscle tissue of the extremities after experimental post-ischemic recirculation] ABThe canine ischemic muscle tissue was subjected to a comprehensive morphological study after the recovery of the blood flow in the limbs for 2 hours. The effectiveness of of the recovery of the blood flow after the 3-hour ischemia was supported in acute experimental occlusion of the artery. The blood flow recovery after 6 hours of ischemia was associated with appreciable structural and metabolic abnormalities in the skeletal muscle fibers. These abnormalities were more demonstrable during recirculation after 9 and 12 hours of ischemia. No morphological criteria that might indicate whether the ischemic damage to the skeletal muscle is reversible or irreversible were defined. A comprehensive morphological study with an assay of structural and metabolic alterations is required instead. AUSavel'ev VS; Chekareva IA; Mishnev OD; Bogdanov OA TT[Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika izmenenii skeletnoi myshechnoi tkani konechnostei pri eksperimental'noi postishemicheskoi retsirkulatsii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p351-5 MJExtremities; Ischemia; Muscles MNDogs; Muscles /PA /PH; Regeneration MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000955 TI[Appearance of clasmatosis in the normal and pathological liver] ABIt was established that clasmatosis of cytoplasmic fragments toward sinusoids occurred under normal physiological conditions (embryogenesis of chick liver, the liver of starved grass carp and silver carp) and pathological conditions (disturbance of rat hepato-intestinal circulation). The clasmosomes of rat and chick liver cells contained free ribosomes and small vesicles while those in the liver of starved fish consisted of glycogen. It was also shown that mitochondria with the signs of complete clasmatosis appeared in the hepatocyte cytoplasm immediately after the beginning of intensive bile secretion to the bile canaliculus (in liver cells of rat and chick embryo and in those of frogs after complete metamorphosis). Such mitochondria were partially disintegrated and were located near the bile canaliculi. It is assumed that clasmatosis of the fragments of the liver cell cytoplasm or mitochondria takes places where it is necessary to rapidly supply the body or cell with some products of metabolism or to remove something from the cell as is the case with erythroblasts, i. e. clasmatosis is one of the mechanisms of the adaptation of the cell and its organelles to changes in the environment. AUKalashnikova MM TT[Iavlenie klazmatoza v pecheni v norme i pri patologii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p355-8 MJCytoplasm; Liver /UL MNCarp; Chick Embryo; Liver /EM /PA; Rana Temporaria; Rats; Starvation /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000956 TI[Changes in the ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes at different periods after hepatic ischemia] ABThe ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes was investigated at once at 30 min liver ischemia and at different periods after it. In 24 h of recirculation the processes of the recovery of hepatocyte ultrastructure dominated in the liver parenchyma, but even in 14 days of recirculation no complete reconstruction of hepatocyte ultrastructure was observed. AUSokirchenko IA; Shkurupii VA TT[Izmeneniia ul'trastruktury gepatotsitov krys v razlichnye periody posle ishemii pecheni.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p358-60 MJIschemia; Liver MNCell Nucleus /UL; Intracellular Membranes /UL; Liver /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Ribosomes /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.6.99.3 (NADH Dehydrogenase) IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000957 TI[Possible approach to evaluating the energy potential of mitochondria in morphological studies] ABBased on histoenzymatic, cytospectrophotometric, electron microscopy and stereometric studies of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes and mitochondrial areas the authors developed integral indicators of the mitochondrial energy potential. The indicators permit forming a more concrete and complete judgement about the structural and functional status of the mitochondria and cell on the whole as well as about the contribution to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis of individual substrates and components of redox processes, which widens the diagnostic and prognostic potentialities of the morphological and cytological assay. AUVasilenko VT TT[Vozmozhnyi podkhod k otsenke energeticheskoi moshchnosti mitokhondrii pri morfologicheskikh issledovaniiakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p361-2 MJMitochondria, Heart MNCold; Dogs; Energy Metabolism; Mitochondria, Heart /UL; NADH Dehydrogenase /ME; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000958 TI[Space-time sequence and mosaicism of neurogenesis in the CA1 field of the mouse hippocampus] ABPregnant CBA mice were given a single injection of 3H-thymidine (3H-T) (10 microCi/g) on days 11-19 of pregnancy. The mouse progeny was sacrificed on the first day of postnatal life. Brain was embedded into paraffin and durcupan. Radioautographs of paraffin and semithin sections were prepared and employed for mapping the site of intensely labeled neurons (ILN) in the CAI area of the hippocampus (H). ILN appeared in the CAI area after 3H-T injection, namely on embryonic day 12 (E 12). The ILN number reached a maximum after isotope injection on 2 14-15 and then dramatically fell down. The neurogenesis in the suprapyramidal layer of the CAI area slightly outstripped the neurogenesis in the pyramidal and infrapyramidal layers. At early times of the experiment the CAI area exhibited the predominance of single ILN, whereas at late times paired ILN prevailed. That fact might be linked with the replacement during the neurogenesis of asymmetric critical mitoses of the germinative neuronal precursors by symmetric critical mitoses. Analysis of the ILN distribution in the CAL area revealed mosaic clusters of ILN alternating with unlabeled or mildly labeled neurons. Those groups were most remarkable in mice injected with 3H-T on E 14 and E 15. The mosaicism of the neurogenesis in the H is regarded as the result of heterochronous neuronal production by local parts of the germinative zone, each of which builds up a separate radial segment of the H. AUNazarevskaia GD; Reznikov KIu TT[Prostranstvenno-vremennaia posledovatel'nost' i mozaichnost' neirogeneza v pole CA1 gippokampa u myshei.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p363-5 MJHippocampus; Mosaicism; Neurons MNMice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000959 TI[Reactivity of mononuclear phagocytes in the lungs and liver of rats exposed to low temperatures] ABA study was made of lung and liver mononuclear phagocytes of rats exposed to severe cold (-7 degrees C). The data indicate the depression of mononuclear phagocytes under short-term (2 h) exposure to cold followed by activation of phagocytes, which was more demonstrable in the lungs. The phase modifications in the activity of mononuclear phagocytes were associated with accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) and destruction of alveolocytes. The different accumulation of LPP in the test organs of animals exposed to cold is regarded by the authors as a possible reason for functional differences of lung and liver macrophages. AUTnimov MKh; Semeniuk AV; Nepomniashchikh GI; Voronina NP; Shishkina LN TT[Reaktivnost' mononuklearnykh fagotsitov legkikh i pecheni u krys pri deistvii nizkikh temperatur.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p365-7 MJCold; Liver; Lung; Monocytes; Phagocytes MNLipid Peroxides /ME; Liver /ME; Lung /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000960 TI[Experimental data on the mechanism of development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy] ABA study was made of histo- and ultrastructure and of some electron-histochemical characteristics of the myocardium and liver of alcoholic rats. Experimental animals manifested alterations in the myocardium which were similar to those seen in alcoholic cardiomyopathy in humans. In controls, such alterations were either lacking or occurred in rare cases. Rats which received ethanol showed fatty dystrophy of the liver. The experimental animals differed from controls in some morphometric parameters (body and heart weight, diameter of cardiomyocytes) as well. AUTsyplenkova VG; Vikhert AM; Stepantsov VV TT[Eksperimental'nye dannye o mekhanizme razvitiia alkogol'noi kardiomiopatii.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p367-70 MJCardiomyopathy, Alcoholic; Myocardium MNMicroscopy, Electron; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000961 TI[Experimental diarrhea in mice induced by oral infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli] ABIt has been shown in experiments on adult random-bred and BALB/c Sto mice that oral infection with human strain of E. coli N-10407 induces enterocolitis characterized by marked diarrheal syndrome but without lethal outcome. The action of the strain not colonizing the intestinal mucosa of mice may be accounted for by a weak cytopathic effect of the infecting microorganism and its toxin. The data obtained indicate that adult mice may serve as a convenient model for investigation of colibacillary diarrhea induced by enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli, BALB/c Sto mice being a more sensitive model than random-bred animals. AUAvtsyn AP; Parkhomenko IuG; Emel'ianenko IN TT[Eksperimental'naia diareia u myshei, vyzvannaia peroral'nym zarazheniem enterotoksigennym shtammom E. coli.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p371-3 MJDiarrhea; Escherichia Coli Infections MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000962 TI[Hemobacterial agglutination--method of determining antierythrocyte antibodies] ABA technique of antierythrocyte antibody detection is described. It as based on co-agglutination of red blood cells and S. aureus cells. The method is unsophisticated and non-laborious. It provides massive agglutination, its sensitivity is one order of magnitude higher than that of the Coombs test. AUOlovnikov AM; Koifman MM ; Olovnikova NI TT[Gemobakterial'naia aggliutinatsiia--metod opredeleniia antieritrotsitarnykh antitel.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p373-5 MJAutoantibodies; Erythrocytes; Hemagglutination Tests MNAnemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune /IM; Staphylococcus aureus /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000963 TI[Method for electrodiagnosis of the necrotic zone in skeletal muscles] ABA simple new method for determination of necrosis of the skeletal muscles is suggested. Stimulation of the muscle and the recording of the contraction is made via a needle electrode. The contraction is recorded as a characteristic drop of the muscle resistance to high-frequency current which per se does not cause any stimulation. The zone of necrosis does not demonstrate any characteristic changes in the resistance. The presence of necrosis in the areas under exploration was proved histologically. AUBabinkov VI; Abul'khanov AR; Iakovenko VN TT[Sposob elektrodiagnostiki zony nekroza skeletnykh myshts.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p375-6 MJElectrodiagnosis; Muscles MNNecrosis; Rabbits MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000964 TI[Masugi's nephritis: preparation of an active nephrotoxic serum] ABAn active nephrotoxic serum (NTS) was prepared by immunization of rabbits with isolated renal glomeruli of rats and Freund's complete adjuvant. The glomeruli were isolated from the renal cortex by the sieving procedure. Intravenous injection of the NTS to rats induced the development of marked proteinuria and the nephrotic syndrome. Histological and electron microscopic studies of renal tissue performed by days 5 and 15 since the first injection of the NTS revealed extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. IgG depositions on the basal membranes of the glomerular capillaries were linear on day 5 and granular on day 15 since the first injection of the NTS. AUNikiforova NV; Perepechkina NP; Varshavskii VA ; Pal'tsev MA; Shaldaeva VV TT[Nefrit Masugi: poluchenie aktivnoi nefrotoksicheskoi syvorotki.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p377-80 MJGlomerulonephritis; Immune Sera MNMethods; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male IS0365-9615 LARussian JCA74 SBM; X UI86000965 TI[Immunoautoradiographic detection of viral antigens in infected cells] ABA simple and highly specific method for detection of virus antigens in infected cells is described. It involves the following stages: cell fixation by acetone, treatment by specific immune serum, and detection of the immune complex by 125I-protein of S. aureus followed by autoradiography. AUTarasishin LA; Zhovnovataia VL TT[Immunoautoradiograficheskoe vyiavlenie virusnykh antigenov v infitsirovannykh kletkakh.] EM8601 SOBiull Eksp Biol Med (USSR), Sep 1985, 100(9) p380-1 MJAntigens, Viral; Autoradiography; Cytological Technics MNAdenoviridae /IM; Hela Cells /MI MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000966 TIRegulated proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in long-term human marrow cultures. ABWe have examined the cycling status of various classes of erythroid and granulopoietic progenitor populations maintained for many weeks in standard normal long-term human marrow cultures. These were initiated with a single inoculum of marrow aspirate and were routinely fed by weekly removal of half of the nonadherent cells and replacement of half of the growth medium. Progenitors of large erythroid colonies (more than eight erythroblast clusters) present in the nonadherent fraction and progenitors of small granulocyte/macrophage colonies (fewer than 500 cells) present in both the nonadherent and adherent fractions were found to be actively cycling at all times examined (28% to 63% kill following a 20-minute exposure to 20 microCi/mL of high specific activity 3H-thymidine). In contrast, progenitors of large granulocyte/macrophage colonies (more than 500 cells) and progenitors of large erythroid colonies (more than eight erythroblast clusters), present in the adherent layer, consistently alternated between a quiescent state at the time of each weekly medium change and a proliferating state two to three days later (0% to 13% kill and 21% to 49% kill, respectively). Additional experiments revealed that the activation of primitive progenitors in the adherent layer was not dependent on the addition of fresh glutamine or hydrocortisone, nor on the physical manipulations involved in changing the growth medium. These studies provide the first direct evidence that normal long-term human marrow cultures support the continued turnover of a variety of early hematopoietic progenitor cell types. Further, they indicate that the proliferative activity of the most primitive of these progenitors is regulated by stage-specific cell-cell interactions that are subject to manipulation. AUCashman J; Eaves AC; Eaves CJ EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p1002-5 MJHematopoietic Stem Cells MNCell Adhesion; Cell Cycle; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Interphase; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors; Tritium /DU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.7.- (DNA Nucleotidyltransferases); EC 2.7.7.31 (DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000967 TIDetection of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [letter] AUBarr RD; McCaffrey RP EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p1006-7 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase; DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; T Lymphocytes MTHuman RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000968 TIApplication of molecular genetics to prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias: some limitations. ABPrenatal diagnosis and carrier detection in the hemophilias have received much attention in recent years. The error rate in prenatal diagnosis by fetoscopy is less than 1%; fetoscopy is not possible, however, until the second trimester of pregnancy. Carrier detection based on bioassays of plasma has an irreducible error rate (approximately 5%?), because of the ╥lyonization╙ phenomenon in heterozygous women, and the final results are always probabilistic. New DNA methods promise to alleviate these difficulties. Prenatal diagnosis can be accomplished in the first trimester. ╥Lyonization╙ is bypassed in carrier detection, and the results may sometimes be essentially nonprobabilistic. But the DNA methods have certain limitations of their own which are not widely appreciated. Aside from cost and the necessity to adopt a new technology, there are inherent genetic problems: mothers must be heterozygous for both a disease gene and a marker gene, final results are probabilistic if the marker gene lies outside the disease gene, and multiple marker genes are often in linkage disequilibrium. We have concluded that a clinical unit planning to use the DNA methods must also maintain the conventional methods at a high level of performance. AUGraham JB; Green PP; McGraw RA; Davis LM EM8601 IDHL-06530; HL-07225 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p759-64 MJHemophilia; Heterozygote Detection MNChristmas Disease /FG; Crossing Over (Genetics); DNA Restriction Enzymes /ME; Genetics, Biochemical; Infant, Newborn; Mutation; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Probability MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.22.2 (Papain) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000969 TIBinding characteristics of anti-Rh0(D) antibodies to Rh0(D)-positive and Du red cells. ABThe relation of human erythrocyte Rh0(D) to Du sites is an important unresolved question in the field of immunohematology. To compare the immunological reactivity of Rh0(D)-positive and Du erythrocytes, the binding characteristics of two anti-Rh0(D) antisera to human Rh0(D)-positive and Du (╥low-grade╙) erythrocytes were studied. 14C-Protein A and direct antibody-labeled techniques were used to generate binding curves and to derive double-reciprocal plots. The results show that the number of antigen sites differ by a factor of 10 to 15 between the Rh0(D)-positive and Du red cells, but that the dissociation constants between anti-Rh0(D) and the Rh0(D) and Du antigens are indistinguishable when studied by the two labeling methods and two different anti-Rh0(D) antibodies. The extent of binding to 112 different Du samples showed a normal distribution and was independent of apparent phenotype. These data suggest immunologic identity of Rh0(D) and Du (╥low-grade╙) sites and that the difference between the antigens of Rh0(D) and Du cells is quantitative only. The data are incompatible with the ╥missing mosaic╙ and gene interaction theories of mechanism. AUCunningham NA; Zola AP; Hui HL; Taylor LM; Green FA EM8601 IDHL24009 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p765-8 MJErythrocytes; Isoantibodies; RH-HR Blood-Group System MNAntigen-Antibody Reactions; IgG /IM; Papain /PD; Phenotype; Staphylococcal Protein A /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 24967-94-0 (Dermatan Sulfate); 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000970 TIHeparin cofactor II activity in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. ABHeparin cofactor II (HCII) is a glycoprotein in human plasma which inactivates thrombin rapidly in the presence of heparin or dermatan sulfate. We have developed a functional assay for HCII in which inhibition of thrombin by plasma is determined in the presence of dermatan sulfate. The assay is specific for HCII by the following criteria: (a) under the conditions of the assay, 125I-thrombin forms complexes in plasma which comigrate with the thrombin-HCII complex during sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE); (b) activity detected by the assay is decreased in plasma absorbed with monospecific antibodies against HCII; and (c) purified antithrombin III (ATIII) is unreactive in the assay system. Addition of Polybrene to the assay permits determination of HCII activity in samples containing less than or equal to 12 U/mL of heparin. The range of HCII concentrations in normal individuals is 1.2 +/- 0.4 mumol/L (mean +/- 2 SD, n = 34). HCII activity was determined in 54 consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for the possibility of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Ten of the 11 patients with documented DIC had decreased HCII activity as compared with only 7 of the 43 patients without DIC (chi 2 = 19.3, P less than .0001). The concentrations of HCII and ATIII varied in parallel in most of the patients tested. A significant correlation between decreased HCII activity and decreased serum albumin concentration was also observed in these patients and in eight additional patients with hepatic failure in the absence of DIC. We conclude that HCII activity is decreased in many patients with DIC and hepatic failure. AUTollefsen DM; Pestka CA EM8601 IDHL-27589; HL-01079 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p769-74 MJAntithrombin III; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ME; Liver Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Dermatan Sulfate /PD; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /DT; Heparin /TU; Middle Age; Thrombin /AI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin); 9008-00-8 (Hemoglobin C) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000971 TILigand state of intraerythrocytic circulating HbC crystals in homozygote CC patients. ABWhole blood and Stractan-Percoll fractions of blood from splenectomized patients with homozygous hemoglobin C (CC) disease were studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Erythrocytes containing typical CC crystals are found in the densest fraction as documented by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. We report that the intraerythrocytic Hb C circulating crystals are in the oxygenated liganded state as demonstrated by melting upon deoxygenation and by absorption spectroscopy. Furthermore, crystals are more likely to form in cells with low concentration of Hb F. Changes of ligand state (which results in melting of the intraerythrocytic crystal) might be involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, removing the danger of vasoocclusive episodes. AUHirsch RE; Raventos-Suarez C; Olson JA; Nagel RL EM8601 IDHL-21016 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p775-7 MJHemoglobin C Disease /FG; Hemoglobin C MNCrystallization; Erythrocytes /ME /UL; Fetal Hemoglobin /AN; Freeze Fracturing; Hemoglobin C Disease /BL; Homozygote; Osmotic Pressure MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000972 TISerum lactic dehydrogenase level has prognostic value in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ABSerum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured at diagnosis in 293 children with ╥standard-risk╙ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to determine the prognostic value of this biologic feature. Standard risk assignment was based on an initial leukocyte count of less than 100 X 10(9)/L, the absence of a mediastinal mass, the absence of meningeal involvement, and the presence of lymphoblasts lacking sheep erythrocyte receptors or surface immunoglobulin. Serum LDH levels ranged from 97 to 6,595 U/L, with a mean of 547 U/L. Higher LDH levels were associated with higher leukocyte counts, lower blast cell DNA indices, lower platelet counts, a larger spleen size, and nonwhite race. LDH levels were not related to the percentage of marrow S-phase cells, liver size, French-American-British (FAB) classification, hemoglobin levels, age, sex, or the presence of the common ALL antigen on marrow blasts. Patients with the highest LDH levels (greater than 1,000 U/L) were most likely to fail treatment, whereas those with the lowest levels (less than 300 U/L) had the lowest risk of failure (P less than .0001). The prognostic significance of serum LDH level was retained in a subset of patients that included only those with leukocyte counts less than 25 X 10(9)/L (P = .0018). When 11 presenting characteristics were subjected to multivariate analysis, serum LDH level was found to have independent prognostic strength, contributing clinically important information to that gained from leukocyte count. Early measurement of serum LDH could be useful in identifying a group of standard-risk ALL patients with a high relapse hazard. AUPui CH; Dodge RK; Dahl GV; Rivera G; Look AT; Kalwinsky D; Bowman WP; Ochs J; Abromowitch M; Mirro J; et al EM8601 IDCA-20180; CA-21765 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p778-82 MJEnzyme Tests; Lactate Dehydrogenase; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic MNAnalysis of Variance; Child, Preschool; Child; Leukocyte Count; Liver /PA; Lymphoma /DI; Organ Weight; Platelet Count; Prognosis; Spleen /PA MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000973 TIDNA sequence variation associated with elevated fetal G gamma globin production. ABThe percentage of G gamma chains in the Hb F of SS patients and beta-thalassemia heterozygotes is generally 40%, but some have 60% to 70% G gamma. To test the hypothesis that DNA sequence variation 158 base pairs 5' of the G gamma gene is associated with this variation in G gamma values, DNA was analyzed using the restriction endonuclease Xmn I (gamma IVS-II probe). Xmn I recognizes the sequence from -157 to -166 only if T is at position -158. Individuals from five families had T at -158 for G gamma genes in both chromosomes, and the mean G gamma value was 69.7% +/- 4.6% (SD). For 13 families, individuals with T at -158 for the G gamma gene of one chromosome had a G gamma value of 60.6% +/- 5.7%. With one exception, lack of T at -158 was associated with low G gamma values (39.6% +/- 4.0%). In low Hb F G gamma-beta+-HPFH, the Xmn I site was seen 5' to both G gamma and A gamma genes, which suggests that T at -158 is associated with elevated Hb F; Pst I digestion showed that the A gamma gene T producer G gamma globin, which accounts for high levels of G gamma (87-88%). Calculations show that T at -158 is associated with a three- to 11-fold increase in production per G gamma gene, which is an order of magnitude less than that associated with the previously identified -202 C----G substitution of high Hb F G gamma-beta+-HPFH. AUGilman JG; Huisman TH EM8601 IDHLB-05168; HLB-15158 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p783-7 MJDNA; Fetal Hemoglobin; Immunoglobulins, Gamma Chain; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain MNAnemia, Sickle Cell /FG; Base Sequence; Chromosome Mapping; DNA Restriction Enzymes /GE; Genotype; Pedigree; Variation (Genetics) MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16679-58-6 (Desmopressin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000975 TIHeterogeneity of type I von Willebrand disease: evidence for a subgroup with an abnormal von Willebrand factor. ABType I von Willebrand disease (vWD) is characterized by equally low plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor (RiCof) and by the presence of all vWF multimers in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-agarose gel electrophoresis. For 17 patients (13 kindreds) diagnosed with these criteria, we have studied the platelet contents of vWF:Ag and RiCof and the changes of these in plasma after DDAVP infusion. Platelet vWF:Ag and RiCof were normal in four kindreds (called ╥platelet normal╙ subgroup); following 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; plasma vWF:Ag, RiCof and the bleeding time (BT) became normal. In six kindreds, platelet vWF:Ag and RiCof were equally low (platelet low); after DDAVP, plasma vWF:Ag and RiCof remained low, and the BT was prolonged. In three additional kindreds, platelets contained normal concentrations of vWF:Ag, but RiCof was very low (platelet discordant); even though a complete set of multimers was found in plasma and platelets, there was a relatively small amount of large multimers. After DDAVP, plasma vWF:Ag became normal, but RiCof remained low and the BT was very prolonged. These findings demonstrated that there can be an abnormal vWF (RiCof less than vWF:Ag) even in type I vWD, coexisting with a complete set of vWF multimers (platelet discordant); that the abnormal vWF can be shown more clearly in platelets than in plasma or else in plasma after DDAVP infusion; and that DDAVP normalizes the BT only in those patients with normal platelet levels of both vWF:Ag and RiCof (platelet normal). AUMannucci PM; Lombardi R; Bader R; Vianello L; Federici AB; Solinas S; Mazzucconi MG; Mariani G EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p796-802 MJVon Willebrand's Disease MNAutoradiography; Blood Platelets /CL; Densitometry; Desmopressin /PD; Phenotype; Radioimmunoassay; Von Willebrand Factor /AN MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000976 TIFetal hemoglobin variants identified in adults through restriction endonuclease gene mapping methodology. ABIt has been found possible to detect the presence of some gamma chain abnormal fetal hemoglobins in adults through analysis of genomic DNA with selected restriction endonucleases. These variants are Hb F-Hull (A gamma 121Glu----Lys) which was observed in eight adult members of five families, Hb F-Pendergrass (A gamma 36Pro----Arg) in five adult members of one family, and Hb F-Port Royal (G gamma 125Glu----Ala) in 32 adult members of 17 families. The analyses were extended to include haplotyping, which involved 12 different restriction sites. The Hb F-Port Royal anomaly was only present on a chromosome with two G gamma genes (the 5'-G gamma-G gamma-3' globin gene arrangement) which may have arisen through gene conversion or point mutations. It appears likely that the mutation resulting in the 125Glu----Ala substitution occurred once on a 5'-G gamma-G gamma-3' chromosome, while additional base substitutions, gene conversions, and/or cross-over events are responsible for the association of the F-Port Royal anomaly with different chromosomes, as characterized by different haplotypes. AUNakatsuji T; Burnley MS; Huisman TH EM8601 IDHLB-05168; HLB-15158 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p803-7 MJDNA Restriction Enzymes; Fetal Hemoglobin MNChromosome Mapping; Heterozygote; Infant, Newborn; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Variation (Genetics) MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN151-21-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000977 TIHuman platelet fibrinogen: purification and hemostatic properties. ABConditions were developed in which 80% to 90% of platelet fibrinogen could be routinely purified in nondegraded form from the fluid phase of platelet suspensions stimulated with the calcium ionophore, A23187, in the presence of calcium, leupeptin, and prostaglandin E1. Fibrinogen was separated from other released proteins by chromatography on diethylaminoethanol (DEAE)-cellulose using a continuous pH and ionic strength gradient. Purified platelet fibrinogen, greater than 98% homogeneous by immunoelectrophoresis and sodium-dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), consisted of intact A alpha, B beta and gamma A chains, but not gamma' chains, and was 95% to 96% clottable. Platelet fibrinogen was shown to compete for the binding of radiolabeled plasma fibrinogen to ADP-activated platelets in a manner identical to that of unlabeled plasma fibrinogen itself. Also, at equivalent protein concentrations, platelet and plasma fibrinogens supported platelet aggregation to an equivalent extent. Based upon these results, we conclude that there is no significant difference between platelet and plasma fibrinogen with respect to their size, their clottability, their affinity for the activated platelet fibrinogen receptor, or their capacity to support subsequent platelet aggregation. AUKunicki TJ; Newman PJ; Amrani DL; Mosesson MW EM8601 IDHL-32279; HL-28444 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p808-15 MJBlood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Fibrinogen; Hemostasis MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Binding, Competitive; Blood Proteins /SE; Cytoplasmic Granules; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate /DU MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Hydrolases) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000978 TIIdentification and characterization of an endothelial, cell-specific antigen with a monoclonal antibody. ABThe purpose of these studies was to use monoclonal antibodies to identify and characterize plasma membrane components unique to the vascular endothelium. Our assumption is that such components may perform some of the specialized functions of the endothelium and, by their identification with antibody probes, we may be able to study further their function and structure. Thus, primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelium were used to immunize mice whose spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell NS-1. HEC-1 is a monoclonal antibody derived from such a fusion that appears to react with an antigen located only on endothelial cells. The antigen has been characterized by immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a glycoprotein with a mol wt of 180,000 daltons under nonreducing conditions and 90,000 daltons under reducing conditions. Despite a close resemblance to a membrane component shown by others to be a receptor for transferrin, several lines of evidence reported in this paper indicate that this is not the function of the HEC-1 antigen. These data show that monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify and characterize membrane components of the vascular endothelium. Moreover, these probes can be used to inquire about the structure and function of the antigen with which they react. AUParks WM; Gingrich RD; Dahle CE; Hoak JC EM8601 IDHL-14320; HL-27561; T32 HL-07344 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p816-23 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens; Endothelium MNAntigenic Determinants; Cell Communication; Cell Fusion; Cells, Cultured; Fibroblasts /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /IM; Peptide Hydrolases /ME; Umbilical Veins MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (complement 3d receptor) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000979 TIMonoclonal antibodies to the 140,000 mol wt glycoprotein of B lymphocyte membranes (CR2 receptor) initiates proliferation of B cells in vitro. ABSeveral mouse monoclonal IgG antibodies (AB1, AB2, AB3, and AB5) were developed that reacted with a 140,000 mol wt glycoprotein on the surface of cultured RAJI B lymphoid cells. The antibodies reacted with purified normal human peripheral blood B cells and CLL Ig+ B cells and showed specific germinal center and mantle zone staining in tissue sections of secondary lymphoid organs. Immunodepletion studies using 125I surface-labeled Raji cell membrane antigens demonstrated that the antigen identified by AB5 is the same 140,000 mol wt glycoprotein detected by anti-B2 that has recently been shown to react with the C3d fragment or CR2 receptor. (Iida et al: J Exp Med 158:1021, 1983). Addition of the AB series and anti-B2 monoclonal antibodies to cultures of purified human peripheral blood B cells resulted in the uptake of 3H-thymidine at two to six times background control levels provided that irradiated autologous T cells were added to the culture. Stimulation was not evoked by other monoclonal antibodies to B cell surface molecules (ie, B1, BA-1, BA-2, and HLA-DR). Pepsin-generated F(ab')2 fragments of anti-CR2 antibodies were essentially as effective as the intact IgG molecule in stimulating B cells. Induction of B cell proliferation by antibody binding to CR2 suggests that the C3d receptor may have an integral role in regulation of humoral immune response. AUWilson BS; Platt JL; Kay NE EM8601 ID1K04CA 00845-02; AL 10704; AM 22518; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p824-9 MJAntigens, Surface; B Lymphocytes; Glycoproteins; Receptors, Complement MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /PD; Cell Membrane /IM; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Mice /IM; Molecular Weight MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (ara-C protein); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000980 TIDifferential protection of normal and malignant human myeloid progenitors (CFU-GM) from Ara-C toxicity using cycloheximide. ABCycloheximide, a reversible protein synthesis inhibitor, is thought to block DNA replication in normal cells by preventing synthesis of a labile protein. In animal systems, cycloheximide protects normal cells from cytotoxic S-phase specific agents, such as cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Malignant cells appear not to be susceptible to cycloheximide-induced cycle arrest and, subsequently, may not be protected from Ara-C cytotoxicity. The effect of cycloheximide on granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) after in vitro Ara-C exposure was examined using normal human bone marrow, malignant progenitors from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and clonogenic cells from the human acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cell lines HL-60 and KG-1. Mononuclear or clonogenic cells were incubated for one hour with cycloheximide, followed by the addition, for three or 17 hours, of Ara-C before being plated in a methylcellulose culture system. CFU-GM survival was significantly increase if normal cells were treated with cycloheximide before Ara-C exposure. Similar cycloheximide pretreatment of CML progenitors and clonogenic HL-60 and KG-1 cells failed to protect CFU-GM from Ara-C-induced cytotoxicity. AUSlapak CA; Fine RL; Richman CM EM8601 IDCA 27476 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p830-4 MJCycloheximide; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Tumor Stem Cells MNBone Marrow /CY; Cell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Granulocytes /DE; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /BL; Leukemia, Myelocytic /BL; Monocytes /DE; Repressor Proteins /TO; Time Factors MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000981 TITissue plasminogen activator release in vivo in response to vasoactive agents. ABRelease of tissue plasminogen activator into the circulation of rats in response to intravascular injections of vasoactive agents is studied by using a sensitive and specific clot lysis assay. Intra-arterial bradykinin elicits a rapid and transient rise in circulating plasminogen activator, which is maximum within one minute and is cleared within four to eight minutes. The plasminogen activator is fibrin dependent and is neutralized by an antiserum to human tissue-type plasminogen activator. Bradykinin is 1,000-fold more potent than the other agonists tested, which include histamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, eledoisin-related peptide, arginine-vasopressin, lysine-vasopressin, desmopressin acetate, carbachol, and acetylcholine. Potency of bradykinin is related to its amino acid sequence. Sequential infusions of bradykinin produce a tachyphylactoid response that could be overcome by increasing the dose of the sequential bradykinin challenge. It is concluded that the characteristics of the responses to bradykinin and other agents in vivo differ significantly from those observed in isolated tissue preparations. AUSmith D; Gilbert M; Owen WG EM8601 IDHL 31223; HL07344-07 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p835-9 MJCardiovascular Agents; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type MNBradykinin /PD; Fibrinolysis; Kinins /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tachyphylaxis MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000983 TIThe expression of the Hodgkin's disease associated antigen Ki-1 in reactive and neoplastic lymphoid tissue: evidence that Reed-Sternberg cells and histiocytic malignancies are derived from activated lymphoid cells. ABKi-1 is a monoclonal antibody (raised against a Hodgkin's disease-derived cell line) that, in biopsy tissue affected by Hodgkin's disease, reacts selectively with Reed-Sternberg cells. The expression of Ki-1 antigen has been analyzed by immunocytochemical techniques in a wide range of human tissue and cell samples, including fetal tissue, malignant lymphomas (290 cases), and mitogen- and virus-transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antigen was detectable on a variable proportion of cells in all cases of lymphomatoid papulosis and angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy and in 28% of the cases of peripheral T cell lymphomas (including lympho-epithelioid lymphomas). It was also expressed (more strongly) on tumor cells in 45 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma, most of which had originally been diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis or anaplastic carcinoma, because of their bizarre morphology. However, all of these cases lacked macrophage and epithelial antigens. Thirty-five cases expressed T cell-related antigens (associated in nine cases with the coexpression of B cell-related antigens), seven bore B cell-related antigens alone, and three were devoid of T and B cell markers. DNA hybridization with a JH specific probe showed a germline configuration in 11 cases of T cell phenotype, in two cases lacking T and B cell antigens, and in one case of mixed T/B phenotype, while rearrangement was found in two cases of clear B cell type and in one mixed T/B case. Expression of the Ki-1 antigen could be induced, together with interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor, on normal lymphoid cells of both T and B cell type by exposure to phytohemagglutinin, human T leukemia viruses, Epstein-Barr virus, or Staphylococcus aureus. The results obtained indicate that Ki-1 antigen is an inducible lymphoid-associated molecule that identifies a group of hitherto poorly characterized normal and neoplastic large lymphoid cells. Tumors comprised solely of these cells show both morphological and immunological similarities to the neoplastic cells in Hodgkin's disease. This suggests that both disorders represent the neoplastic proliferation of activated lymphoid cells of either T cell or, less commonly, B cell origin. Disorders in which only a minority of cells express Ki-1 antigen (lymphomatoid papulosis, angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and certain T cell lymphomas) probably represent lesions in which only some of the abnormal cells have transformed into an ╥activation state.╙ In direct support of this view is the finding that the Ki-1 expression in these lesions is accompanied by the expression of HLA-DR and IL 2 receptors. AUStein H; Mason DY; Gerdes J; O'Connor N; Wainscoat J; Pallesen G; Gatter K; Falini B; Delsol G; Lemke H; et al EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p848-58 MJAntigens, Neoplasm; Hodgkin's Disease; Lymphocytes; Reticuloendothelial System MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; B Lymphocytes /IM; Cell Transformation, Viral; Child; Gene Expression Regulation; Histiocytes /IM; Lymphoma /CL; Middle Age; Spleen /CY; T Lymphocytes /IM; Tumor Stem Cells /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (hematopoietic cell growth factor); 50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000984 TIStimulation of bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages by a T lymphocyte-derived hemopoietic growth factor, persisting cell-stimulating factor. ABSeveral lines of evidence indicated that P cell-stimulating factor (PSF), a T lymphocyte-derived lymphokine known to stimulate the growth of hemopoietic stem and progenitor cells, also acted on macrophages. PSF was absorbed from medium that had been mixed for two hours at 0 degrees C with either resident or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal cells, suggesting the presence of receptors for PSF on cells in the population. The addition of pure PSF to populations highly enriched in either resident or elicited adherent peritoneal macrophages resulted in stimulation of macrophages with morphological changes, including increases in size, spreading, vacuolation, and the number of cytoplasmic processes, together with stimulation of proliferation and the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast. PSF also stimulated the incorporation of [3H]thymidine by bone marrow-derived adherent macrophages. Addition of pure PSF to cultures that contained only a single macrophage resulted in enhanced survival and proliferation of these isolated cells, demonstrating that the effect of PSF on macrophages was direct. These results indicate that PSF can stimulate well-differentiated functional macrophages and raise the possibility that the effects of PSF on macrophages may play a regulatory role in immune responses. AUCrapper RM; Vairo G; Hamilton JA; Clark-Lewis I; Schrader JW EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p859-65 MJGrowth Substances; Macrophages; T Lymphocytes MNBone Marrow /CY; Escherichia Coli /IM; Lipopolysaccharides /IM; Macrophage Activation /DE; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred CBA; Mice; Peritoneal Cavity /CY; Phagocytosis /DE; Thymidine /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN6734-33-4 (methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside); 90-33-5 (Hymecromone) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000985 TIAltered glycosaminoglycan production by HL-60 cells treated with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside. ABGlycosaminoglycans, mainly chondroitin 4-sulfate, are located in the primary granules of human myeloid cells. These polyanionic carbohydrates are believed to play an important role in leukocyte maturation and function. To study the effect of altered chondroitin sulfate metabolism on human promyelocytic leukemia cells, we have treated HL-60 cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside. beta-D-Xylosides initiate the synthesis of free chondroitin sulfate chains. Cytochemical studies of treated cells demonstrated a marked increase in cytoplasmic granules stained with cationic dyes. This was confirmed by radiolabeled precursor incorporation studies that demonstrated a 344% increase in 35S-sulfate uptake into glycosaminoglycans associated with the cells and a 39% increase in incorporation into glycosaminoglycans released into the media. Chromatographic analyses of these glycosaminoglycans from treated cells demonstrated that the newly formed chondroitin sulfate chains were not attached to protein core and were of shorter length, but of greater charge density than chondroitin sulfate produced by control cells. Thus, beta-D-xyloside appears to alter the protein linkage, chain length, and sulfation of chondroitin sulfate produced by HL-60 cells, and these changes are morphologically evident. These biochemically altered cells may provide important information concerning the role of these macromolecules in myeloid development. AULuikart SD; Sackrison JL; Thomas CV EM8601 IDCA-38972 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p866-72 MJGlycosaminoglycans; Hymecromone /PD; Tumor Stem Cells; Umbelliferones MNCell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Cytoplasmic Granules /DE; Hymecromone /AA; Leukemia, Myeloblastic /ME /PA; Sulfates /ME; Sulfur Radioisotopes /DU; Tumor Stem Cells /ME MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase); EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin); EC 3.4.22.2 (Papain); 0 (differentiation antigens, T lymphocyte) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000986 TIA novel leukocyte differentiation antigen: two monoclonal antibodies TM2 and TM3 define a 120-kd molecule present on neutrophils, monocytes, platelets, and activated lymphoblasts. ABWe produced two hybridomas by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from a mouse immunized with the THP-1 human monocytoid leukemia cell line. Two cloned hybridoma cell lines, designated as TM2 and TM3, were obtained. They secreted antibodies against a unique cell surface antigen expressed on all normal peripheral blood monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, platelets, and mitogen-induced lymphoblasts, some cells from patients with immature-type lymphoid leukemias. However, the antibodies reacted neither with large numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes nor with red cells. Cross-blocking studies showed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized the same or a nearly positioned antigen epitope. Immunoprecipitation of THP-1 cell extract with TM2 or TM3 under reducing and nonreducing conditions yielded a specific band of mol wt equal to 120,000 daltons. This determinant appeared to be involved in granulocyte chemotaxis, since neutrophilic granulocytes exposed to TM2 or TM3 showed a significant decrease in chemotaxis toward endotoxin-activated serum. These two monoclonal antibodies did not affect O2- release or luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils. Moreover, they did not alter platelet aggregation induced by thrombin. TM2 and TM3 will provide a new reagent in defining the linkage between lymphoid and myeloid differentiation and intermyeloid development. AUOhto H; Maeda H; Shibata Y; Chen RF; Ozaki Y; Higashihara M; Takeuchi A; Tohyama H EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p873-81 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigenic Determinants; Antigens, Surface; Blood Platelets; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Neutrophils MNAcute Disease; Antibodies, Monoclonal /ME; Antigens, Surface /IM; Chemotaxis; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /GD; Leukemia /IM; Luminescence; Lymphocyte Transformation; Membrane Proteins /IM; Mice; Neuraminidase /ME; Papain /PD; Tissue Distribution; Trypsin /PD MTAnimal; Human; Male RN0 (complement 3 receptor); 151-21-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000987 TICharacterization of patients with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and a genetic deficiency of leukocyte membrane complement receptor type 3 and the related membrane antigen LFA-1. ABThree children from two unrelated families had a history of recurrent bacterial infections, and their neutrophils were shown to have deficient phagocytic and respiratory responses and possible deficiencies in chemotaxis or adherence. Their neutrophils were strikingly deficient in the ability to ingest or give a respiratory burst in response to unopsonized bakers' yeast or zymosan (Z). Tests for neutrophil and monocyte CR1 (C3b/iC3b receptor) and CR3 (iC3b receptor) demonstrated rosettes with both EC3b and EC3bi. However, EC3bi were bound only to CR1, and not to CR3, because EC3bi rosettes were inhibited completely by anti-CR1. Neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells also did not fluorescence stain with monoclonal antibodies specific for the alpha-chain of CR3 (anti-Mac-1, anti-Mol, OKM1, and MN-41). Quantitation of C receptors with 125I monoclonal anti-CR1 and anti-CR3 indicated that neutrophils from each patient expressed normal amounts of CR1 per cell but less than 10% of the normal amount of CR3. Examination of neutrophils by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that a normal glycoprotein of approximately 165,000 daltons was missing. Immunoblotting of these gels indicated that the missing band was the alpha-chain of CR3. Subsequent analysis of all three patients' cells also demonstrated a deficiency of LFA-1 alpha-chain and the common beta-chain that is shared by the CR3/LFA-1/p150,95 membrane antigen family. The deficiency of LFA-1 probably explained the absent NK cell function, as normal NK cell activity is inhibited by anti-LFA-1 but not by anti-CR3. The reduced phagocytic and respiratory responses to Z were probably due to CR3 deficiency, because treatment of normal neutrophils with anti-CR3, but not anti-FLA-1, inhibits responses to Z by 80% to 90%. Ingestion of Staphylococcus epidermidis by normal neutrophils was shown to be partially inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to the alpha-chain of either CR3 or LFA-1, and monoclonal antibody to the common beta-chain inhibited ingestion by 75%. Thus, both CR3 and LFA-1 may have previously unrecognized functions as phagocyte receptors for bacteria. The absence of this type of nonimmune recognition of bacteria by these children's neutrophils may be one of the reasons for their increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. AURoss GD; Thompson RA; Walport MJ; Springer TA; Watson JV; Ward RH; Lida J; Newman SL; Harrison RA; Lachmann PJ EM8601 IDCA-25613 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p882-90 MJBacterial Infections; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes MNAntigens, Surface /GE; Child; Disease Susceptibility; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes /FG; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Leukocytes /IM; Lymphocytes /IM; Monocytes /IM; Neutrophils /IM; Phagocytosis; Receptors, Complement /GE; Rosette Formation; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate /DU; Staphylococcus aureus /IM; Staphylococcus epidermidis /IM; Yeasts /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); 57-47-6 (Physostigmine) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000988 TIAcetylcholinesterase in human thymus cells. ABAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) was long thought to be an enzyme found specifically at the sites of nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions. It has also been found to occur, however, in cells that are not involved with neurotransmission. This study presents the ultrastructural localization of AChE activity in human thymus cells, using the indirect thiocholine method. Cytochemical demonstration of the enzyme was based on the coupling of acetylthiocholine iodide hydrolysis to the precipitation of heavy metal salts. AChE activity was selectively revealed in the perinuclear cisternae, within the endoplasmic reticulum, and in the Golgi complex of thymic lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Evidence of the presence of reaction product in the latter cells was also found in vesicles that opened into the extracellular space. This is the first demonstration of AChE in human thymus cells. Its possible physiologic role in the thymus gland is discussed. AUTopilko A; Caillou B EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p891-5 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Thymus Gland MNAdult; Endoplasmic Reticulum /EN; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epithelium /EN; Extracellular Space /EN; Golgi Apparatus /EN; Infant; Physostigmine /PD MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000989 TIImmunologic and virologic status of multitransfused patients: role of type and origin of blood products. By the AIDS-Hemophilia French Study Group. ABAn immunologic and virologic work-up was undertaken in 425 symptom-free multitransfused patients with hemophilias or hemoglobinopathies living in France. Patients were entered into five groups according to the type of blood product they received: local factor VIII, a mixture of local and imported factor VIII, imported factor IX, local factor IX, washed red blood cells. The overall prevalence of IgG antibodies to the lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) was 45%. The highest rate was observed in hemophiliacs who received factor VIII concentrates prepared from plasma collected mainly on the American continent; intermediary values were found for hemophilic patients treated with local factor VIII or factor IX concentrates; and the lowest values were found for those who were treated with washed red blood cells. Lymphadenopathy, decreased skin hypersensitivity reactions, relative lymphopenia, and altered ratio of T lymphocyte subsets occurred at significantly higher rates in patients positive for LAV antibody, although such abnormalities were also encountered in LAV serologically negative patients. A correlation between treatment intensity and immunologic disturbances was found in patients infused with factor VIII preparations, irrespective of their positive or negative LAV antibody status. This study has shown the prominent role of LAV in the occurrence of immunologic disturbances in multitransfused patients. However, allogenic or altered proteins present in factor VIII but not in factor IX concentrates seem to play a role of immunocompromising agents. The interplay between LAV and additional factors possibly leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome remains to be analyzed. EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p896-901 MJBlood Transfusion MNAdeno-Associated Viruses /IM; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Sickle Cell /TH; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Antigens, Viral /AN; Child, Preschool; Child; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Epstein-Barr Virus /IM; Factor VIII /TU; Hemophilia /TH; Hepatitis B Virus /IM; Hypersensitivity, Delayed /IM; IgG /AN; Infant; Middle Age; Thalassemia /TH MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000990 TIEvidence for clonal development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ABTo determine whether acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a clonal disease and to define the pattern of differentiation shown by the involved progenitor cells, we studied the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) types in the cells of 19 girls heterozygous for this X chromosome-linked enzyme. Lymphoblast immunophenotypes were those of HLA-DR+, CALLA+ ALL (six patients); HLA-DR+, CALLA- ALL (four patients); pre-B cell ALL (two patients); T cell ALL (four patients); and undefined ALL (three patients). Malignant blast cells at diagnosis from ten patients displayed a single G6PD type, indicative of clonal disease. In contrast, both A and B G6PD in ratios similar to those found in skin were observed in morphologically normal blood cells from the same patients. The leukemic cells of three patients were examined at both diagnosis and relapse; in each instance the same G6PD type was found, consistent with regrowth of the original leukemic clone at relapse. Results of studies of cells from nine additional patients tested only at relapse were similar. Our results indicate that childhood ALL is a clonally derived disease involving progenitor cells with differentiation expression detected only in the lymphoid lineage. AUDow LW; Martin P; Moohr J; Greenberg M; Macdougall LG; Najfeld V; Fialkow PJ EM8601 IDCA-20180; CA-27165; CA-16448; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p902-7 MJLeukemia, Lymphoblastic; Tumor Stem Cells MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Blood Cell Count; Blood Cells /EN; Child, Preschool; Child; Clone Cells; Flow Cytometry; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase /BL /GE; Skin /EN MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000991 TIA ricin A chain-containing immunotoxin that kills human T lymphocytes in vitro. ABAn immunotoxin specific for human T lymphocytes was prepared by coupling an IgG2a anti-CD3 murine monoclonal antibody (64.1) to purified ricin A chain (64.1-A). Treatment of blood mononuclear cells with this immunotoxin at a concentration of 1.7 X 10(-9) mol/L for two hours at 37 degrees C in the presence of 20 mmol/L NH4Cl decreased phytohemagglutinin-stimulated protein synthesis by 95%. In addition, a sensitive culture assay showed that fewer than 0.03% T cells remained after treatment of human bone marrow mononuclear cells with 64.1-A at a concentration of 1.7 X 10(-9) mol/L. The inhibition of protein synthesis could be prevented by preincubating cells with unconjugated 64.1 antibody but not by preincubating cells with a control IgG2a antibody that binds to a different T cell antigen (CD5). At concentrations up to 1 X 10(-8) mol/L, 64.1-A had little effect on blood mononuclear cells from baboons or human myeloid precursors (CFU-GM), which do not express the CD3 antigen recognized by 64.1. Taken together, these results indicate that the toxicity of 64.1-A was specific and that 64.1-A may be a useful reagent for depleting T cells from donor marrow as a means of preventing acute graft-v-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AUMartin PJ; Hansen JA; Vitetta ES EM8601 IDCA-29548; CA-30924; CA-18029; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p908-12 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Immunoglobulins, Alpha Chain; Immunoglobulins, Heavy Chain; Ricin; T Lymphocytes MNAmmonium Chloride /PD; Antibodies, Monoclonal /IM; Cells, Cultured; Lymphocyte Transformation /DE; Phytohemagglutinins /PD MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type); 9001-31-4 (Fibrin) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000992 TIProduction of monoclonal antibodies to the high fibrin-affinity, tissue-type plasminogen activator of human plasma. Demonstration of its endothelial origin by immunolocalization. ABMonoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to vascular plasminogen activator (vPA), the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in human plasma, were produced to be used as probes for immunochemical analysis. Human tissue sections and one of these MAbs were used to demonstrate the endothelial origin of plasma-tPA by immunohistochemistry. To produce MAbs, mice were immunized with semipurified vPA isolated from postocclusion human venous blood. Primed spleen cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line NS-1. Screening for MAb-producing hybridomas was performed with postocclusion euglobulins as a source of antigen by means of a solid-phase fibrin-vPA immunoassay. The selective and high-affinity binding of vPA for fibrin ensures the specificity and sensitivity of this test. Thus, eight hybridomas secreting MAbs to vPA were selected, cloned, and established as permanent hybridoma cell lines. Immunohistochemical analysis of cryostat sections of human tissues was performed with EA-delta 12D, a MAb having no inhibitory effect against vPA activity but binding to vPA with a high affinity. Thus, the only structures immunostained were endothelial cells of venules, capillaries, and arterioles. The EA-delta 12D monoclonal localization of plasma vPA in the endothelial lining of blood vessels provides evidence that tPA in plasma originates from the vascular wall and validates its designation as vascular plasminogen activator, ie, vPA. Also, our results are consistent with the fact that vPA in blood and tPA in tissues are immunologically identical and have a common endothelial origin. AUAngles-Cano E; Balaton A; Le Bonniec B; Genot E; Elion J; Sultan Y EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p913-20 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Plasminogen Activator, Tissue-Type MNAntibody Affinity; Antibody Formation; Antibody Specificity; Cell Fusion; Fibrin /IM; IgG MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000993 TIDelay in platelet recovery after bone marrow transplantation: impact of cytomegalovirus infection. ABThe effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on hematopoietic recovery after marrow-ablative chemoradiotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of high-grade malignancy and in patients with acute leukemia. The recovery of platelets after autologous BMT occurred significantly quicker in CMV-negative patients than in CMV-positive patients (platelets greater than 50,000 per cubic millimeter after 21 1/2 v 40 days, respectively). No differences in the recovery of neutrophils were found between those with or without CMV infection. CMV-positive patients required significantly more transfusion support with thrombocyte concentrates than CMV-negative patients (three v six thrombocyte concentrates). In conclusion, CMV infections do not influence neutrophil recovery but do delay platelet recovery. As a consequence, patients with a CMV infection, whether primary, reactivated, or latent, require more thrombocyte concentrates, which increases the risk of transfusion-related infections. AUVerdonck LF; van Heugten H; de Gast GC EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p921-5 MJBlood Platelets; Bone Marrow; Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Blood Cell Count; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Leukemia /TH; Lymphoma /TH; Middle Age; Regeneration; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); 9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000996 TIThe acetylcholinesterase defect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: evidence that the enzyme is absent from the cell membrane. ABParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a myelodysplastic disease characterized by erythrocytes that show abnormally increased sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis. Complement-sensitive PNH erythrocyte membranes have previously been shown to lack acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, but the molecular basis of this deficiency has been unclear. We have used monoclonal antibodies to four different epitopes on the AchE molecule to show that abnormal PNH erythrocytes failed to bind these antibodies. Moreover, abnormal PNH erythrocytes contained no protein immunoprecipitable by these antibodies, while normal complement-insensitive erythrocytes from PNH patients showed normal amounts of immunoprecipitable AchE which had normal electrophoretic mobility. These data suggest that abnormal PNH erythrocytes lack AchE enzyme activity due to the absence of the AchE molecule from the cell membrane. AUChow FL; Telen MJ; Rosse WF EM8601 IDI R01 AM31379 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p940-5 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Erythrocyte Membrane; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal MNCobra Venoms /PD; Complement /IM; Hemolysis /DE MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000997 TIInhibition of platelet adhesion to fibronectin, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor substrates by a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the cell-binding domain of fibronectin. ABThe role in platelet function of the cell-binding region of fibronectin was explored by the use of synthetic peptides. The prototypical peptide gly-arg-gly-asp-ser was capable of inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation without altering the degree of platelet activation as judged by the secretion of 14C-serotonin. The peptide also effectively inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the binding of radiolabeled fibronectin to platelets and the adhesion of platelets to fibronectin substrates. The smallest peptide from the cell-binding region of fibronectin which retained full activity was arg-gly-asp-ser. Transposition of amino acids or conservative substitutions of amino acids within this short sequence resulted in inactive peptides. Peptides containing the arg-gly-asp-ser sequence were also capable of inhibiting the adhesion of platelets to fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor substrates. Examination of the entire panel of synthetic peptides for ability to inhibit adhesion to fibrinogen or von Willebrand factor substrates revealed the same structure-function relationships that had been determined in the studies with fibronectin. AUHaverstick DM; Cowan JF; Yamada KM; Santoro SA EM8601 IDHL 29608; HL 07038 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p946-52 MJFibrinogen; Fibronectins; Oligopeptides; Platelet Adhesiveness; Von Willebrand Factor MNAmino Acid Sequence MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000998 TITpa-induced maturation in secretory human B-leukemic cells in vitro: DNA synthesis, antigenic changes, and immunoglobulin secretion. ABThe maturation of malignant cells in response to differentiating agents is interesting as a model of normal differentiation. The response of a freshly explanted neoplastic population of phenotypically well-characterized lymphosarcoma cell leukemia blasts was studied after incubation with the differentiating agent TPA (12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate). Terminal differentiation was assessed by measuring the immunoglobulin secreted in culture supernatants and the production of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins. Activation of the cells was studied using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies to various antigens in a flow cytometer (fluorescence-activated cell sorter) and 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) incorporation was evaluated to measure DNA synthesis in cells grown in complete medium and TPA-supplemented medium. The events induced by TPA were characteristic of B cell maturation and included morphological changes to plasmacytoid cells, reduction in surface immunoglobulins (sIgM, sIgD, and K), enhancement of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, and amplification of immunoglobulin secretion. Surface antigen changes were accompanied by increased 3H-Tdr incorporation. Cell proliferation and differentiation appeared to be coupled and both were amplified by TPA treatment. These observations indicate that TPA can promote maturation of malignant secretory B cells to a terminal differentiation stage. The significance of these findings to normal B cell differentiation and their potential clinical utility is discussed. AUEfremidis AP; Haubenstock H; Holland JF; Bekesi JG EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p953-60 MJCell Cycle; Leukemia; Phorbols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Tumor Stem Cells MNAged; Antigens, Surface /AN; B Lymphocytes /DE; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; DNA /BI; Growth Substances /PH; IgM /SE; Immunoglobulins /SE MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86000999 TIIn vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates: I. Effects of anti-T11 antibodies on the circulating T cell pool. ABThe effects of in vivo administration of three monoclonal antibodies specific for T11, the E rosette receptor on T lymphocytes, were examined in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). These three monoclonal antibodies were of different isotypes and were shown in in vitro studies to have differing affinities for the monkey T11 structure. Furthermore, each antibody induced antigenic modulation of T11 from the cell membrane of the lymphocytes to varying degrees in vitro. In vivo infusion of each of these antibodies into normal rhesus monkeys caused remarkably different effects on the circulating T lymphocyte pool. Infusion of these antibodies at doses of 2 mg/kg caused the coating of circulating T lymphocytes with antibody, the modulation of T11 off the T cell surface and the transient clearance of T cells from the circulation. Yet, the variation in the extent to which these effects were seen with these different antibodies indicates that extrapolating from studies of the in vivo use of one antibody to the use of another may be quite difficult. These studies clearly indicate the strengths of this nonhuman primate system for exploring the uses of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies as therapeutic agents. They, however, also demonstrate that differences may exist in the affinity of a particular antibody for homologous lymphocyte surface structures in humans and in a nonhuman primate species. These differences may make it difficult to predict the precise effects that the infusion of an antibody will cause in humans on the basis of alterations it induces in nonhuman primates. AULetvin NL; Ritz J; Guida LJ; Yetz JM; Lambert JM; Reinherz EL; Schlossman SF EM8601 IDAI 20729; RR00168 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p961-6 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; T Lymphocytes MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /CL; Antibody Specificity; Flow Cytometry; Lymphocyte Depletion; Macaca mulatta; Receptors, Immunologic /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN17230-88-5 (Danazol); 53-03-2 (Prednisone) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001000 TIDifferences in T cell subsets between men and women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. ABIdiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder, occurring predominantly in women. We studied by flow cytofluorimetry the T cell subsets in men and women with ITP and compared them with healthy sex-matched volunteers. In healthy controls, women were found to have higher proportions of T helper/inducer (Th/i) and lower T suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) lymphocytes and consequently higher Th/i:Ts/c ratios than men. Accordingly, in clinical surveys, patients and controls should be matched for sex for proper comparisons. In patients with ITP in its active phase, an imbalance in T cell subsets was found in both sexes. The perturbation was more severe in women who had a marked decrease in number and proportion of Th/i lymphocytes and an increase in the proportion of Ts/c lymphocytes, whereas in men only, the proportion of Th/i lymphocytes was decreased. When patients with active disease were compared to those with ITP in remission, the decrease in Th/i subsets still persisted in both sexes but the Ts/c subset in women had returned to normal proportions. Therefore, the immune imbalance in ITP is more marked in women than men; imbalances in both Th/i and Ts/c are present in women while Ts/c appears not to be involved in men. AUMylvaganam R; Ahn YS; Harrington WJ; Kim CI; Gratzner HG EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p967-72 MJHelper Cells; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Suppressor Cells; T Lymphocytes MNDanazol /TU; Prednisone /TU; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic /TH; Sex Factors; Splenectomy MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001001 TIA longitudinal study of patients with hemophilia: immunologic correlates of infection with HTLV-III/LAV and other viruses. ABA comprehensive study was initiated to examine the immunologic status of a sample (n = 47) of the asymptomatic hemophilia A and B populations of metropolitan Atlanta and to determine if any of the abnormalities changed with time or correlated with infection by human T cell leukemia virus type III and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) or other viruses either alone or in combination. Patients with hemophilia A (Hem-A) showed a defect in cellular immunity evidenced by a depressed T cell helper/suppressor ratio (P less than .0001), an increased absolute T suppressor cell number (P less than .0001), and a diminished number of T helper cells (P = .003) when compared with health professionals. Lymphocytes from these patients also showed a reduced ability to transform in response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. No deterioration in immune status was seen during a median ten-month period of follow-up. Sixty-four percent of Hem-A patients had antibodies to HTLV-III/LAV and those who were seropositive had a significantly decreased helper/suppressor cell ratio (P = .018) and a diminished T helper cell number (P = .002); they were also more likely to have had exposure to cytomegalovirus than HTLV-III/LAV-negative Hem-A patients (P = .016). Heavy use of factor VIII concentrate was associated with a decreased number of T helper cells (P = .037) and seropositivity for HTLV-III/LAV (P = .011 in 1982). Hemophilia patients had higher IgG, immune complex, and beta 2-microglobulin levels than health professionals (P less than .0001). Although the most prominent abnormality observed in T cell subsets of patients with hemophilia is an increase in T suppressor cells, a finding likely to be associated with immune augmentation in response to multiple stimuli, the T cell abnormality that was predictive of exposure to HTLV-III/LAV, the putative acquired immunodeficiency syndrome agent, was a diminished number of T helper cells. AUStein SF; Evatt BL; McDougal JS; Lawrence DN; Holman RC; Ramsey RB; Spira TJ EM8601 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p973-9 MJChristmas Disease; Hemophilia; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus MNAdeno-Associated Viruses /AN; Adult; Age Factors; Antibodies, Viral /AN; Beta 2 Microglobulin /AN; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Factor VIII /TU; Helper Cells /IM; IgA /AN; IgG /AN; Longitudinal Studies; Lymphocyte Transformation; Suppressor Cells /IM MTHuman IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001002 TIPeripheral T cell lymphoma: immunologic and cell-kinetic observations associated with morphological progression. ABPeripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) form a morphologically heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas that are generally considered to have immunophenotypes associated with mature T cells, usually those of helper T cells. We now describe and correlate the clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cell-kinetic findings based on the evaluation of eight tissue samples obtained at various times from a 13-year-old girl with PTCL. The early morphological expressions of this patient's PTCL were those of diffuse mixed-cell lymphoma and focal large-cell lymphoma (LCL) evolving from the histologic picture of an atypical immune response (AIR). These morphological findings were associated with an immature T cell immunophenotype associated with cortical thymocytes--namely, sheep erythrocyte rosette (sER)+, T11+, Leu-2a+, Leu-3a+, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10+--and with cell-kinetic findings that showed no evidence of aneuploidy and few cells in S phase. Diffuse pleomorphic LCL developed, which was associated with further dedifferentiation of the neoplastic T cells to the immunophenotype sER-, T11+, Leu-2a-, Leu-3a-, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10- and with cell-kinetic findings that demonstrated a distinct aneuploid population and a dramatic increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase. The immunophenotype of the PTCL at the time of the patient's death was T11-, Leu-2a-, Leu-3a-, HLA-DR+, OKT6-, OKT9+, OKT10-, an immunophenotype indistinguishable from that of a non-B non-T cell lymphoma. The immunologic findings in this case also suggest that an AIR in some cases may represent a prelymphomatous state or may be a morphological expression of PTCL. These observations indicate that PTCLs may be characterized by rapidly changing clinical, morphological, immunologic, and cell kinetic findings which are best evaluated by multidisciplinary studies. AUWinberg CD; Sheibani K; Krance R; Rappaport H EM8601 IDCA-26422; CA-33572; CA-09308; + SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p980-9 MJLymphoma; T Lymphocytes /PA MNAdolescence; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Antibodies /AN; Isoantibodies /AN; Lung /PA; Lymph Nodes /PA; Rosette Formation; Skin /PA; T Lymphocytes /IM MTCase Report; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.4.1. (Galactosyltransferases) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001003 TISuppressed expression of blood group B antigen and blood group galactosyltransferase in a preleukemic subject. ABThe B antigen activity was severely diminished in a patient's RBCs at the preleukemic stage prior to chemo- or radiotherapy. The amount of H sites of the patient's RBC membranes was found to be comparable to that of O RBC membranes. The activity of alpha (1----2) fucosyltransferase (H enzyme) was not severely decreased in the patient's plasma and bone marrow. However, the activity of alpha (1----3) galactosyltransferase (B enzyme), which converts H substance to B substance, was drastically reduced in the patient's bone marrow. Thus, the diminished B antigen in the patient's RBCs was caused mainly by the blockage of conversion of the H substance to B substance. It is suggested that the viral oncogene linked to the ABO locus at q34 of chromosome No. 9 would occasionally suppress the expression of blood group A and B enzymes and A and B antigens. AUYoshida A; Kumazaki T; Dave V ; Blank J; Dzik WH EM8601 IDHL-29514 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p990-2 MJGalactosyltransferases; Isoantigens; Preleukemia MNABO Blood-Group System; Bone Marrow /EN; Erythrocytes /IM; Hematopoietic Stem Cells /EN; Middle Age; Preleukemia /EN /IM MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001004 TIA longitudinal immunologic evaluation of hemophiliac patients. ABOver an average span of one year, we performed a prospective clinical and immunologic evaluation of 30 patients with hemophilia. No patient developed life-threatening opportunistic infection or malignancy; however, the immunologic abnormalities and lymphadenopathy initially present in nine patients (lymphadenopathy group) persisted. In addition, five patients, representing 24% of the initial group without lymphadenopathy, developed generalized lymphadenopathy (converter group). One episode of idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP) and one episode of staphylococcal sepsis occurred in this ╥converter╙ group; one episode of ITP also occurred in the lymphadenopathy group. Sixteen patients remained asymptomatic. At the time of the follow-up evaluation, those differences in mononuclear cell (MNC) percentages and numbers noted initially among the three hemophiliac groups were no longer present. Natural killer cell function alone or in the presence of biologic response modifiers was not different among hemophiliac and control groups. Before developing lymphadenopathy, the converter group of patients had significantly better lymphocyte mitogenic function than did the other two groups of patients with hemophilia. However, lymphocyte mitogenic responses of all groups of patients with hemophilia significantly deteriorated over the course of the study. The abnormal mitogenic responses noted in these patients was explained in part by higher levels of spontaneous suppressor cell activity in mononuclear cell preparations from patients with hemophilia. We conclude that long-term immunologic studies of this patient population requires both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Our data show that patients with hemophilia have progressive dysfunction of cell-mediated immunity. AUdeShazo RD; Daul CB; Andes WA; Bozelka BE EM8601 IDCA 34977 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p993-8 MJHemophilia /IM MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Helper Cells /IM; Hemophilia /CO; Killer Cells, Natural /IM; Longitudinal Studies; Lymph Nodes /PA; Lymphadenitis /CO; Lymphocyte Transformation; Middle Age; Phytohemagglutinins /PD; Suppressor Cells /IM MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN288-32-4 (imidazole); 67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) IS0006-4971 LAEnglish JCA8G SBA; M; X UI86001005 TIRelationship of mitochondrial membrane potential to hemoglobin synthesis during Friend cell maturation. ABPrevious studies have shown that exposure to imidazole dissociates hemoglobin synthesis from other aspects of cell maturation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-treated mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells. In the present study, we have found that imidazole causes hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in MEL cells exposed to DMSO, in contrast to the depolarization observed with DMSO alone. Like the defect in hemoglobin synthesis, membrane hyperpolarization is reversible upon removal of imidazole and incubation of cells with DMSO alone. These correlations suggest that alterations in the electrostatic properties of the mitochondrial membrane, due directly or indirectly to the effects of imidazole, interfere with heme synthesis but not with other aspects of the maturation process in these developing erythroid cells. AUWong W; Robinson SH; Tsiftsoglou AS EM8601 IDAM17148; CA37727 SOBlood (United States), Oct 1985, 66(4) p999-1001 MJErythroleukemia; Hemoglobins; Leukemia, Experimental MNCell Line; Dimethyl Sulfoxide /PD; Flow Cytometry; Imidazoles /PD; Intracellular Membranes /PH; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mitochondria /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001032 TIObservations on the outcome of specialty education and training in forensic psychiatry. AUPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p117-9 MJForensic Psychiatry MNClinical Competence; Logic; Persuasive Communication; Physician's Role MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001033 TIReasonable medical certainty, diagnostic thresholds, and definitions of mental illness in the legal context. AUDiamond BL EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p121-8 MJForensic Psychiatry; Mental Disorders MNExpert Testimony /LJ; Forensic Psychiatry /LJ; Insanity Defense; Probability; United States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001034 TICan psychiatry contribute to gun control? AUBromberg W EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p129-37 MJCrime; Forensic Psychiatry; Violence MNAggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder /PX; Crime /PC; Criminal Psychology; Homicide /OC; Masochism; Mass Media; United States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001035 TIIs there an assault syndrome? AUModlin HC EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p139-45 MJStress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Violence MNAdult; Crime /LJ; Dreams; Forensic Psychiatry; Rape; Social Control, Formal; Syndrome; Workmen's Compensation /LJ MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001036 TIBeyond the scientific limits of expert testimony. AUWasyliw OE; Cavanaugh JL Jr; Rogers R EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p147-58 MJExpert Testimony; Forensic Psychiatry MNCrowding; Goals; Physician's Role; Prisons /LJ; Punishment; Referral and Consultation; Social Problems MTCase Report; Human IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001037 TIThe consultation model and forensic psychiatric practice. AUBloom JD; Bloom JL EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p159-64 MJForensic Psychiatry; Referral and Consultation MNEthics, Medical; Expert Testimony; Models, Theoretical; Role MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001038 TIMedical school forensic psychiatry units in health care delivery facilities rather than criminal justice institutions: an alternative model. ABWe have presented a model for developing forensic psychiatric treatment and teaching services of a medical school Department of Psychiatry, but where these services are the basic comprehensive health care delivery system for the entire community. These offer consultative and treatment services for adult and family court clinic, psychiatric forensic services, of forensic psychiatry open bed and medium security-type bed, as well as day hospital and outpatient services. All of these are sited in the normal health care delivery system of the university teaching hospitals and its patient treatment, teaching, and research facilities. Consultative services are offered on request to the criminal justice system, but the basic health care delivery system is controlled administratively by the ordinary university teaching hospital authorities and exists as a one of a kind unit at the Royal Ottawa Hospital. The Royal Ottawa Hospital is a private nonprofit hospital, with its own Board of Trustees, and is affiliated with the medical school, as part of a major university network. We believe it important to present this model for an overall forensic psychiatric service, in contradistinction to the more commonly established forensic psychiatric facilities in state mental hospitals, in a special facility for the criminally insane, or in a criminal justice system institution such as a penitentiary. We believe that our model for forensic psychiatric facilities has great advantages for the patient. Here the patient is treated in a specialized facility (as all psychiatric patients with specialized problems should be); but one which is a specialized forensic facility, within the range of specialized psychiatric facilities that are needed by an urban community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUSarwer-Foner GJ; Smith S; Bradford J EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p165-72 MJDelivery of Health Care; Forensic Psychiatry; Hospitals, Teaching MNCriminal Law; Ontario; Psychiatric Department, Hospital; Referral and Consultation; Schools, Medical MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001039 TISeymour Pollack and the American Board of Forensic Psychiatry. AURappeport JR; Halpern AL PSPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p173-5 MJCertification; Forensic Psychiatry; Specialty Boards MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001040 TISeymour Pollack, MD, and the creation of AAPL regional chapters. AURosner R PSPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p177-84 MJAcademies and Institutes /OG; Forensic Psychiatry MNAcademies and Institutes /HI; Constitution and Bylaws; Forensic Psychiatry /HI; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001041 TIIn memoriam: Seymour Pollack, MA, MD, 1916-1982. AUTuchler MI PSPollack S EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p185-8 MNForensic Psychiatry /HI; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001042 TISanctum sanctorum: the psychiatrist's role in postrial competency examination of jurors. EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(2) p191-203 MJForensic Psychiatry MNUnited States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001043 TISuicide litigation and risk management: a review of 32 cases. AUPerr IN EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p209-19 MJFinancial Management; Malpractice; Psychiatry; Risk Management; Suicide MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Forensic Psychiatry; Hospitals, Psychiatric /LJ; Medical Records; Mental Disorders /PX; Middle Age; Psychiatric Department, Hospital /LJ; United States MTFemale; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001044 TIChildren who witness violence: tortious aspects. AUMalmquist CP EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p221-31 MJForensic Psychiatry; Violence MNAccidents; Child, Preschool; Child; Fear; Great Britain; Homicide; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic /ET; Stress, Psychological /CO; United States MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001045 TIA comparison between men charged with domestic and nondomestic homicide. AUDaniel AE; Holcomb WR EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p233-41 MJFamily; Homicide MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child Behavior Disorders /PX; Hospitalization; Middle Age; Risk; Sex Factors; Stress, Psychological /CO; Substance Abuse /CO; Unemployment MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001046 TIUse of summons in involuntary civil commitment. AUDurham ML; Carr HD EM8601 IDR01MH36220-01 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p243-51 MJCommitment of Mentally Ill MNAge Factors; Dangerous Behavior; Length of Stay; Sex Factors; Washington MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001047 TIThe Mental-Mental Muddle and Work Comp in Oregon. II. ABTo summarize, in the state of Oregon at this time, mental illness caused by employment is covered by workers' compensation insurance. There have recently been some legislative attempts to seriously restrict this and there probably will be some more in the future. As the law now stands, the job stress must be the major contributing cause as measured against any off the job stress. The on the job events producing the stress must exist in reality. A stress emanating primarily from a worker's misperception or paranoid thinking does not constitute an acceptable causative agent. Obviously it is not always that easy to distinguish between on the job causes and off the job causes and objective stresses and merely perceived stresses. And what about the individual who has faulty perceptions which lead to actions that provoke an objective response? As a psychiatrist, I am glad to see more recognition given to mental illness caused by the work place. I applaud the Oregon Supreme Court for pointing out that an organization has an obligation to somehow deal with stress-producing supervisors. I think we have to be on guard against those forces working through the legislature which try to minimize or deny the importance of mental illness. At the same time, though, we have to try to enlighten rather than confuse. Our expertise is in diagnosing and treating, not in constructing legal terminology. In my evaluation of the Leary case, I tried to explain to the best of my ability just what was going on.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUColbach EM EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p253-8 MJMental Disorders; Occupational Diseases; Stress, Psychological; Workmen's Compensation MNAdult; Forensic Psychiatry; Middle Age; Oregon MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001048 TIDecision-making in child abuse and neglect. ABSocial attachment theory can be of value in examining the wide variety of abuse and neglect situations that come to the attention of authorities. We consider evaluation of the parent-child relationship as a crucial part of the judicial process. We have suggested parameters that can be used to evaluate the relationship. We have outlined some of the more common distortions in this relationship that have, in our experience, been associated with the mistreatment of children. The use of social attachment theory has been of great help in understanding the emotional reactions of the many children we have seen for evaluation and treatment. The theory also serves as a potential guide for improvements in social policy. If we are more sensitive to the psychological world of these children, we will be better able to truly protect them. AUWasserman S; Rosenfeld A EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p259-71 MJChild Abuse; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations MNChild; Decision Making; Foster Home Care /PX; Guilt; Rejection (Psychology); Safety; Self Concept; United States; Violence MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001049 TIDetecting child abuse by studying the parents. AUBursten B EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p273-81 MJBattered Child Syndrome; Child Abuse; Expert Testimony; Parents MNChild; Forensic Psychiatry; Risk; United States MTHuman IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001050 TIThe role of unconscious conflict in informed consent. AUZeichner B EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p283-90 MJConflict (Psychology); Informed Consent; Unconscious (Psychology) MNDecision Making; Patient Education; Psychoanalytic Theory; Truth Disclosure; United States MTFemale; Human IS0091-6781 LAEnglish JCBAR SBM UI86001051 TIA case of child abandonment--reflections on criminal responsibility in adolescence. ABThe issue of responsibility for delinquent acts has been examined in the light of adolescence as a unique developmental stage, and it has been proposed that the degree to which one should hold an adolescent morally responsible for his/her acts corresponds to the degree to which he/she has individuated from his/her family and become a psychologic adult. A case was presented in which the crime of child abandonment was committed by an adolescent who was still deeply enmeshed interpersonally with her mother and had not yet achieved a separate identity as an adult. The psychiatric findings were presented to the Court after a plea bargain had been struck and prior to sentencing. They conveyed the belief, in lay terms, that moral responsibility for this crime was collective, to be borne in part by the perpetrator's family. The Court responded humanely with a suspended sentence, conditioned on psychotherapy, allowing the young mother to remain together with her first child. Not only does this article suggest the value of an understanding of adolescent psychiatric concepts for the forensic psychiatrist, it also suggests that the more subtle aspects of assigning responsibility can be better evaluated by the court at the time of sentencing than during the trial phase. AURatner RA EM8601 SOBull Am Acad Psychiatry Law (United States), 1985, 13(3) p291-301 MJAdolescent Psychology; Child Abuse MNAdolescence; Adult; Criminal Law; Defense Mechanisms; Denial (Psychology); Forensic Psychiatry; Infanticide /PX; Pregnancy; Rejection (Psychology); United States MTCase Report; Female; Human RN33245-39-5 (fluchloralin) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001062 TIIdentification of fluchloralin in imported dried fruit. AUBarry TL; Petzinger G; Stenson M EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p285-90 MJAniline Compounds; Food Contamination; Fruit; Herbicides MNChromatography, Gas; Pesticide Residues /AN; Spectrum Analysis, Mass RN333-41-5 (Diazinon) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001063 TIIdentification of diazinon and its metabolite in spinach by chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AUCairns T; Siegmund EG; Froberg JE EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p291-5 MJDiazinon; Food Contamination; Insecticides, Organothiophosphate; Vegetables MNChemistry; Diazinon /ME; Mass Fragmentography; Spectrum Analysis, Mass RN114-26-1 (Aprocarb) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001064 TIColorimetric determination of propoxur residues in vegetables and water. AUAppaiah KM; Sreenivasa MA; Kapur OP EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p296-300 MJAprocarb; Food Contamination; Vegetables; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants; Water Supply MNColorimetry; Hydrolysis; Indicators and Reagents; Phenols IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001065 TIActivation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by hepatic S-9 from a marine fish. AUMilling DM; Maddock MB EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p301-7 MJFishes; Liver; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Subcellular Fractions MNBiotransformation; Mutagenicity Tests; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons /TO; Salmonella /GE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN3383-96-8 (Abate); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001066 TITemephos residues in stagnant ponds after mosquito larvicide applications by helicopter. AULores EM; Moore JC; Moody P; Clark J; Forester J; Knight J EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p308-13 MJAbate; Fresh Water; Insecticides, Organothiophosphate; Pesticide Residues; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants; Water MNChromatography, Gas; Insect Control; Larva; Mosquitoes MTAnimal RN2008-39-1 (2,4-D amine); 25168-26-7 (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid isooctyl ester); 26544-20-7 ((4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy); 94-74-6 (MCPA); 94-75-7 (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001067 TIAcute toxicity of four phenoxy herbicides to aquatic organisms. AUAlexander HC; Gersich FM; Mayes MA EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p314-21 MJDaphnia; Fishes; Herbicides; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MN2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid /AA /TO; Dimethylamines /TO; MCPA /AA /TO MTAnimal IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001068 TIOrganochlorine hydrocarbon residues in sediments of two different lagoons of northwest Mexico. AURosales MT; Escalona RL; Alarcon RM ; Zamora V EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p322-30 MJHydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Pesticide Residues; Seawater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNMexico; Time Factors MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-43-9 (Cadmium); 7440-50-8 (Copper) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001069 TIMetals and PCB concentrations in mussels from Long Island Sound. AUGreig RA; Sennefelder G EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p331-4 MJMetals; Mussels; Polychlorobiphenyl Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNCadmium /AN; Connecticut; Copper /AN MTAnimal RN7782-49-2 (Selenium); 7783-00-8 (selenious acid) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001070 TIEffect of selenite on the uptake of methylmercury in cod (Gadus morhua). AURingdal O; Julshamn K EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p335-44 MJFishes; Methylmercury Compounds; Selenium /PD MNLiver /ME; Methylmercury Compounds /TO; Muscles /ME; Selenium /ME; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Time Factors; Water Pollutants, Chemical /TO MTAnimal IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001071 TIEffects of gut sediment contents on measurements of metal levels in benthic invertebrates--a cautionary note. AUChapman PM EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p345-7 MJInvertebrates; Metals MNLarva /ME; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-44-0 (Carbon) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001072 TISuperficial accumulation of heavy metals in near shore marine sediments: an objective index of environmental pollution. AUEstablier R; Gomez-Parra A ; Blasco J EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p348-53 MJMetals; Soil Pollutants; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollutants MNCarbon /AN; Time Factors RN137-26-8 (Thiram) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001073 TIAccelerated tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) degradation in soil by inoculation with TMTD-utilizing bacteria. AUShirkot CK; Gupta KG EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p354-61 MJSoil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants; Thiocarbamates; Thiram /ME MNBiodegradation; Pseudomonas Aeruginosa /ME; Thiram /AN; Time Factors MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-50-8 (Copper); 7758-98-7 (copper sulfate) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001074 TIAbsorption of Cu++ by long-term cultures of Dunaliella salina, D. tertiolecta, and D. viridis. AULustigman B; Korky J; Zabady A; McCormick JM EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p362-7 MJAlgae, Green; Copper MNAbsorption; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption RN7789-00-6 (potassium chromate(VI) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001075 TIDaphnia magna as an indicator of the acute toxicity of waste waters. AUNikunen E; Miettinen V EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p368-74 MJDaphnia; Sewage MNChromates /AN; Industrial Waste /AE; Paper; Sewage /AN; Wool MTAnimal RN56-38-2 (Parathion) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001076 TIEffects of cold ambient temperatures on acute mortality of Peromyscus leucopus dosed with parathion. AUMontz WE Jr; Kirkpatrick RL EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p375-9 MJCold; Parathion; Peromyscus MNBody Temperature Regulation; Body Temperature; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RN7439-92-1 (Lead) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001077 TIHemolyzed, lyophilized bovine blood for quality control of lead determination of human whole blood. AUSubramanian KS; Meranger JC ; Connor J EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p380-5 MJLead MNCattle; Chemistry; Drug Stability; Freeze Drying; Hemolysis; Quality Control; Species Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption MTAnimal; Female; Human RN7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001078 TIFactors associated with blood pressure in females with heavy exposure to cadmium. AUKagamimori S; Naruse Y; Fujita T; Watanabe M; Nishino H; Shinmura T EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p386-92 MJBlood Pressure; Cadmium Poisoning MNAge Factors; Aged; Middle Age; Sodium /ME MTFemale; Human RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 75-07-0 (Acetaldehyde) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001079 TITissue distribution of acetaldehyde in rats following acetaldehyde inhalation and intragastric ethanol administration. AUHobara N; Watanabe A; Kobayashi M; Nakatsukasa H; Nagashima H; Fukuda T; Araki Y EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p393-6 MJAcetaldehyde /ME; Alcohol, Ethyl MNAcetaldehyde /AD /BL; Aerosols; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Male RN21787-80-4 (demethylchlordimeform); 6164-98-3 (Chlorphenamidine) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001080 TIExtraction and analysis of chlordimeform and demethylchlordimeform from human tissue samples. AURieger JA; Allen LV Jr; Fisher RC EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p397-405 MJAmidines; Chlorphenamidine /AN MNChemistry; Chlorphenamidine /AA; Liver /AN; Mass Fragmentography MTHuman RN87-86-5 (Pentachlorophenol) IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001081 TIGas chromatographic determination of pentachlorophenol in human blood and urine. AUAtuma SS; Okor DI EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p406-10 MJChlorophenols; Pentachlorophenol MNChromatography, Gas; Nigeria; Pentachlorophenol /BL /UR; Pesticide Residues /AN MTHuman IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001082 TISerum organochlorine residues in Florida citrus workers compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sample. AUGriffith J; Duncan RC EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p411-7 MJAgricultural Workers' Diseases; Insecticides, Organochlorine /BL MNAgricultural Workers' Diseases /CI; Citrus Fruits; Florida; Insecticides, Organochlorine /AE; Pesticide Residues /BL MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0007-4861 LAEnglish JCBFN SBM UI86001083 TIFactors influencing grape worker susceptibility to skin rashes. AUWinter CK; Kurtz PH EM8601 SOBull Environ Contam Toxicol (United States), Sep 1985, 35(3) p418-26 MJAgricultural Workers' Diseases; Occupational Dermatitis; Pesticides MNFruit; Temperature MTHuman IS0395-3890 LAEnglish; French JCBGX SBM UI86001084 TIRespiratory mucus production in asthma. AUShelhamer JH; Kaliner MA EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p301-7 MJAsthma /PP; Glycoproteins; Mucus; Respiratory System MNAsthma /ET MTAnimal; Human IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001085 TIRespiratory function in recent pulmonary sarcoidosis with special reference to small airways. ABThis study was designed to evaluate airway dysfunction in relation to duration of disease in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis for less than two years. Twenty four subjects with recent disease were compared with nine subjects with disease of more than two years' duration. They underwent lung function testing (lung volumes, lung transfer factor for CO and pulmonary mechanics). Small airway function was assessed using frequency dependence of compliance, closing volume, nitrogen single breath test and flow-volume curves breathing air and helium-oxygen mixture. Airway dysfunction was seen in pulmonary sarcoidosis even in some patients with recent disease and it became more evident in disease of longer duration. The results suggest small airway involvement. The frequency of airway dysfunction is difficult to evaluate, varying from estimates of 0% using flow-volume curves to 79% with frequency dependence of compliance. This apparent discrepancy could be explained by the consequences of parenchymal involvement leading to inhomogeneities in distribution of compliance, and of elastic lung recoil. We conclude that patients with recent sarcoidosis are probably affected by intrinsic small airway disease, but an increase in elastic recoil often conceals its consequences. The airway disease may not be apparent using conventional function tests and published predicted values. AULamberto C; Saumon G; Loiseau P; Battesti JP; Georges R EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p309-15 MJLung Diseases; Sarcoidosis MNAdult; Lung Compliance; Lung Volume Measurements; Respiratory Function Tests MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001086 TIRespiratory inductance plethysmography: calibration techniques, their validation and the effects of posture. ABRespiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is used to measure ventilation from two measurements of body surface movements (rib-cage and abdomen) via the application of volume-motion (V-M) coefficients. The correct derivation of both V-M coefficients (calibration) is necessary because there are considerable spontaneous variations in relative contributions from these two compartments even during resting breathing. In order to fully test a calibration, deliberate changes in rib-cage (RC) to abdominal (AB) contribution must be made. We used this approach to test two single-posture calibration techniques, multiple linear regression (MLR) and isovolume (ISV). Ten normal subjects and nine patients with chronic airway obstruction (CAWO) were studied using quiet breathing throughout. We also studied the effects of changing posture on the constancy of the V-M coefficients. MLR proved a little more accurate (p = 0.03) in deriving the V-M coefficients than ISV in normal subjects, and ISV consistently underestimated the AB V-M coefficient relative to RC. No difference between the two techniques existed in patients with CAWO. Both MLR and ISV calibrations failed to give acceptable calibrations in some patients. When MLR calibration was used, a deliberate 20% change in relative compartmental contribution (RC-AB) induced mean errors in RIP estimations of tidal volume of 3.5 and 9.5% in normal subjects and patients respectively. When there were no deliberate changes in relative contribution, the 95% confidence limits of individual tidal volume estimates were +/- 6.6 and +/- 12% in normal subjects and patients respectively. MLR calibration provides a statistical estimate of its quality at the time of V-M coefficient derivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUStradling JR; Chadwick GA; Quirk C; Phillips T EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p317-24 MJLung Diseases, Obstructive; Posture; Respiration MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Plethysmography /MT; Respiratory Function Tests MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001087 TIHyperoxia effects on lung vascular circulating and marginated leukocytes in the rat. ABThe vascular sequestration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) may be responsible for endothelial injury leading to lung oedema, which occurs when rats are exposed to pure normobaric oxygen. Indeed, marginated PMN in close contact with the endothelium are able to damage the latter when activated. In the present work, marginated leukocytes were recovered by lavage through the pulmonary artery in isolated rat lung and the leukocyte differential count in blood and in the lung perfusion liquid (perfusate) was studied. Following 55 h of hyperoxia, a rise in the PMN count and lymphocytopenia were observed in the blood and in the perfusate. Moreover, the relatively greater increase in the PMN concentration in the perfusate than in the blood suggested a strengthening of their margination along the endothelium. A clear protective effect was noted during hyperoxia provided previous injection of endotoxin (1.5 mg X kg-1 intraperitoneally) had been performed. Indeed, after 65 h of hyperoxia, none of these rats (Endo/O2) died and there was no pleural effusion. The lymphocyte count was maintained within the normal limit and the number of PMN in the lung perfusion fluid and in blood was reduced. Results of this study suggest an essential role of the marginated PMN in lung oxygen toxicity. AUBureau M; Sourouille P; Brun-Pascaud M; Fey M; Pocidalo JJ EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p325-9 MJLung; Neutrophils; Oxygen; Pulmonary Artery MNEndotoxins /PD; Escherichia Coli; Leukocyte Count /DE; Lung /DE; Perfusion; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 9006-59-1 (Ovalbumin) IS0395-3890 LAFrench JCBGX SBM UI86001088 TI[Effects of sensitization to ovalbumin on the lipid content of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in guinea pigs] ABFour groups of guinea-pigs were studied (l1: control, l2: sensitized to ovalbumin, l3: sensitized and challenged by aerosol of ovalbumin, l4: challenged by aerosol of histamine). In urethane anaesthetized guinea-pigs, pulmonary resistances and dynamic compliance were measured (before and after aerosol of ovalbumin in l3 and aerosol of histamine in l4). The lungs were removed and the static pressure-volume curves were performed to determine lung compliance. In the pulmonary lavage fluids, surface tension and total fatty acids and phospholipids were measured by Cahn's electrobalance and gas chromatography respectively. In l2 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was significantly decreased in pulmonary lavage fluid, by 24.5% and 40.2% respectively. Surface tension was increased while lung mechanics was identical to control. In l3 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was significantly decreased in pulmonary lavage fluids, by 55.7% and 53.2% respectively. Surface tension was increased. In vivo, lung mechanics was changed: dynamic compliance decreased, pulmonary resistances increased. Pressure-volume curves were flattened and pulmonary compliance of isolated lungs was decreased since bronchial obstruction remained after death. In l4 guinea-pigs, the mean value of total fatty acids and of phospholipids was increased in pulmonary lavage fluid but not significantly, by 26.6% and 9.2%. Surface tension was not changed. Lung mechanics was very significantly affected by bronchospasm, but after death the mechanics of the isolated lung and of control lung was identical. Finally, the decrease of surface-active lipids in pulmonary lavage fluid originates in the sensitization and is enhanced by antigen-induced bronchial anaphylaxis but not by histamine-induced bronchospasm. AURami J; Besombes JP; Riviere D ; Sallerin F TT[Effets de la sensibilisation a l'ovalbumine sur le contenu lipidique du liquide de lavage bronchoalveolaire du cobaye.] EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p331-8 MJBronchial Spasm /PP; Bronchi /SE; Histamine; Lipids; Pulmonary Alveoli /SE MNAerosols; Body Fluids /ME; Bronchial Spasm /ET; Bronchi /DE; Fatty Acids /ME; Guinea Pigs; Immunization; Irrigation; Ovalbumin /IM; Phospholipids /ME; Pulmonary Alveoli /DE; Respiratory Function Tests MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001089 TIPositive expiratory pressure (PEP-mask) physiotherapy improves ventilation and reduces volume of trapped gas in cystic fibrosis. ABTo investigate the lung function during positive expiratory pressure (PEP) physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis, the resistance tube of the PEP-mask was inserted into the expiratory outlet of our lung function equipment. This enabled us to measure a variety of lung function variables, while the lung function equipment functioned as a PEP-mask. We studied 12 patients and found that during PEP-mask physiotherapy functional residual capacity (FRC) increased significantly (p less than 0.02). There was a decrease of washout volume (WOV) (p less than 0.05), lung clearance index (WOV/FRC) (p less than 0.001) and volume of trapped gas (p less than 0.05), whereas total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal volume and residual volume did not change significantly. It is concluded that in cystic fibrosis PEP-mask physiotherapy evens the intrapulmonary distribution of the ventilation and opens up regions, that are otherwise closed off. The results support the clinical observation that PEP-mask physiotherapy increases the transcutaneous tension of oxygen and the expectoration of sputum. AUGroth S; Stafanger G; Dirksen H; Andersen JB; Falk M; Kelstrup M EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p339-43 MJCystic Fibrosis; Lung; Positive Pressure Respiration MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Masks; Positive Pressure Respiration /IS /MT; Respiratory Function Tests MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001090 TIUpper airway reflexes in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. ABIn 16 newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) not artificially ventilated, oesophageal pressure was recorded with an electromanometer and the reactions to mechanical stimulation of the upper airways by means of a nylon fibre were investigated. The results were compared with the values obtained in 16 newborns without cardiorespiratory disturbances. The reactions were evoked by mechanical stimulation of the airways. Mechanical stimulation of the nasal mucosa produced expulsive reactions only in 45% of cases in newborns with RDS as compared with 95% in healthy newborns (p less than 0.001). Stimulation of the oropharyngeal and laryngeal regions elicited expulsive reactions in 48% of cases in newborns with RDS, but 74% in healthy newborns (p less than 0.001). In other cases, inhibition of breathing or apnoea was the most common reaction. The expulsive component of responses such as sneezing, expiratory reaction and crying was weaker in newborns with RDS than in control infants. The inspiratory component of sneezing and coughing, on the contrary, was stronger in newborns with RDS. These results indicate that active elimination of irritants from the airways is reduced in newborns with RDS. AUJavorka K; Tomori Z; Zavarska L EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p345-9 MJReflex; Respiration; Respiratory Distress Syndrome MNApnea /PP; Cough; Crying; Infant, Newborn; Larynx /PP; Nasal Mucosa /PP; Oropharynx /PP; Sneezing MTComparative Study; Human IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001091 TIMuscle fibre types in costal and crural diaphragm in normal men and in patients with moderate chronic respiratory disease. ABHistochemical muscle fibre composition of human costal and crural diaphragm was determined in biopsies sampled during surgical procedures. Two groups were studied: 10 subjects with normal lung function and 8 patients with chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Muscle fibres were classified as type I (slow twitch) or type II (fast twitch) on the basis of their myofibrillar ATPase pH lability. There was no significant difference in fibre proportions between costal diaphragm (COD) and crural diaphragm (CRD) for both groups of subjects. Yet, in the normal group, the diameters of both types of fibres were larger in COD than in CRD. The diameters of both types of fibres of the obstructive patients were significantly decreased in COD as compared to the normals. Moreover, linear correlations between type I and II fibre diameters and VC, FEV1, FEV1/VC, and body weight were found in COD and not in CRD. The differences found in muscle fibre size support the idea that the mechanical respiratory load is different for COD and CRD, COD being the more important force generator. Chronic obstructive respiratory disease causes a significant decrease in COD fibre size but does not affect CRD. AUSanchez J ; Medrano G; Debesse B; Riquet M; Derenne JP EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p351-6 MJDiaphragm; Lung Diseases, Obstructive MNAdult; Biopsy; Histocytochemistry; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13392-18-2 (Fenoterol); 22254-24-6 (N-Isopropylatropine) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001092 TIValidity of air-helium DVmax measurements in trials of bronchodilators. ABThe authors studied the intraindividual variability of DVmax50 He-air in a large homogeneous group of 57 young healthy subjects. They found a 95% confidence interval for a true change between two repeated measurements of DVmax50 of +/- 28%. They compared the discriminant power of FEV1, Vmax50 and DVmax50 in 27 asthmatic young males and 12 normal controls, challenged on different days with fenoterol and ipratropium bromide aerosols given in random order under standardized conditions. FEV1 was not able to discriminate between the effect of the drugs in the normals or asthmatics. Vmax50 increased significantly more after fenoterol than after ipratropium in the asthmatics. DVmax50 was sometimes increased after fenoterol in the asthmatics but not by ipratropium in this group. These results suggest that sympathomimetics are more active on peripheral airways than the antimuscarinics. AUMinette P; Dubois P; Delwiche JP EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p357-62 MJAsthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Respiratory Airflow MNAdult; Aerosols; Clinical Trials; Fenoterol /PD; Forced Expiratory Volume; N-Isopropylatropine /PD MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001093 TIExercise performance of subjects with ankylosing spondylitis and limited chest expansion. ABTo examine the mechanism of exercise limitation associated with chest wall restriction (CWR), we compared the ramp (1 W/3 s) exercise performance of six untrained subjects with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and six healthy subjects matched for age and body size. Subjects with AS had CWR (maximum rib cage expansion : 1.4 +/- 0.2 cm; means +/- sem). The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of AS subjects (2.15 +/- 0.2 1-stpd) was less than their predicted VO2max (2.68 +/- 0.13 1-stpd; p less than 0.03) and the measured VO2max of matched healthy subjects (2.78 +/- 0.22 1-stpd; p less than 0.03). Subjects with AS achieved 95 percent of predicted maximum heart rate, and their maximum voluntary ventilation exceeded their maximum exercise ventilation by at least 15 l X min-1 unless parenchymal pulmonary disease was present. We conclude that maximum ramp exercise performance of AS subjects with CWR is decreased. Deconditioning or cardiovascular impairment rather than ventilatory impairment appears responsible for the observed reduction of VO2max. AUElliott CG; Hill TR; Adams TE; Crapo RO; Nietrzeba RM; Gardner RM EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p363-8 MJExertion; Respiratory Airflow; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Thorax MNAdult; Aged; Heart /PP; Lung Volume Measurements; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption; Oxygen /ME MTComparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0395-3890 LAFrench JCBGX SBM UI86001094 TI[Effects of histamine on the pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system in the guinea pig] ABIntravenous infusion of histamine has been shown to constrict smooth muscle of alveolar ducts. In this study, we have assessed the effects of a prolonged infusion of histamine to obtain a steady state response on quasistatic pressure-volume curves (P-V curves) together with the changes in dynamic compliance (Cdyn) and conductance (G) of the respiratory system. Increasing doses of histamine were given in order to obtain the dose-response characteristics of the changes in Cdyn, G and P-V curves. In nine anesthetized guinea-pigs under mechanical ventilation, administration of histamine resulted in a fall in Cdyn and G with a decrease of 50% of initial value approximately for 150 ng X kg-1 X s-1 of histamine. Modifications of the P-V curves were characterized by a decrease in the maximal volume, and an increase in the hysteresis of the P-V loop due to the downward displacement of the inflation limb. With infusion of histamine, there was a large decrease of quasi-static compliance which appeared to account for most of the decrease in dynamic compliance. Such changes in P-V curves can be related both to a closure of alveolar ducts and to an alteration of lung distensibility. Comparison of the dose-response curves for the different parameters indicated that Cdyn and G reflect, at least in part, events occurring in the periphery of the lung. AUClerici C; Macquin I; Lhoste F; Atlan G; Harf A TT[Effets de l'histamine sur la courbe pression-volume du systeme respiratoire chez le cobaye.] EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p369-74 MJHistamine /PD; Lung Compliance; Respiratory System MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Histamine /AD MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RNEC 3.4.21.11 (Pancreatopeptidase); 102-02-3 (phenyl biguanide) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001095 TILung reflexes in anaesthetized rabbits with elastase-induced emphysema. ABThe effects of elastase-induced emphysema on vagal pulmonary reflexes were studied in seven rabbits, given 600 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase intratracheally (E group), and eight untreated rabbits (U group) under pentobarbital anaesthesia. The presence of emphysema was confirmed by histological and pathological criteria and by documented changes in lung mechanics seven months after treatment. The strength of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR), indicative of pulmonary stretch receptor excitability, was unchanged in the U group, but was significantly increased in the E group at inflation volumes greater than the tidal volume (VT) range, as she slope of the curve relating HBIR to inflation volume was significantly steeper (0.40 vs 0.22 ml-1; p less than 0.05). The early ventilatory response (first 3 breaths) to right atrial injections of phenyldiguanide (20 and 30 micrograms X kg-1 i.v.) was used as an indication of the excitability of lung receptors with non-myelinated vagal afferents. This response, characterized by a significant decrease in expiratory duration (TE) without effect on VT or inspiratory time (TI), was not significantly different between the E and U groups. The overall pattern of breathing in the E group showed a significant decrease in VT associated with an increase in TI. AUDelpierre S; Fornaris M; Payan MJ EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p375-80 MJLung; Pulmonary Emphysema /PP; Reflex MNBiguanides /AD /PD; Functional Residual Capacity; Pancreatopeptidase /TO; Pulmonary Emphysema /CI /PA; Rabbits; Respiration /DE; Vagus Nerve /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001096 TIThe immunoperoxidase slide assay. A new method for the demonstration of surface antigens on bronchoalveolar lavage cells. ABThe immunoperoxidase slide assay (ISA) is described as a new method for the demonstration of surface markers on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. This technique makes the unlabelled antibody enzyme method using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immune complex for labelling suitable for the evaluation of single cells. By this method, viable cells are firmly attached to poly-L-lysine coated reaction areas of siliconized glass slides. The ISA technique was found to be very useful for testing a battery of monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens on BAL cells from one specimen in parallel. This is due to the low amount of cells needed for this method. Other advantages compared to immunofluorescence techniques are the reduced costs, the possibility of a permanent documentation of the staining on the glass slide preparations, the higher sensitivity and the well preserved morphology of cells. Normal values for lymphocyte markers (OKT3/Leu-1, OKT4/Leu-3a, OKT8/Leu-2a, Leu-7, B1) and monocyte/macrophage markers (OKIa, anti-Mono, anti-IgG) are reported. AUCostabel U; Bross KJ; Matthys H EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p381-7 MJAntigens, Surface; Body Fluids; Bronchi; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Body Fluids /IM; Bronchi /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Irrigation; Lymphocytes /IM; Macrophages /IM; Middle Age; Monocytes /IM; Pulmonary Alveoli /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0395-3890 LAFrench JCBGX SBM UI86001097 TI[Value of sleep polygraph examination in the etiological diagnosis of apparently inexplicable respiratory insufficiency] ABThis study describes the case of a 58 year old man who presented with an episode of acute respiratory failure and right heart decompensation. After recovery from the acute illness, hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and pulmonary arterial hypertension remained, the causes of which were not known. There was no airway obstruction, only a moderate restrictive ventilatory defect, a little weight increase and a unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Obstructive sleep apnoea was finally suspected and confirmed by sleep recording. The obstructive sleep apnoea probably explained the respiratory insufficiency and the pulmonary hypertension. Loss of weight was associated with the disappearance of hypercapnia and pulmonary hypertension. As a result of this study, the value of sleep recording is emphasized. When respiratory failure or pulmonary hypertension seem unexplained, think of obstructive sleep apnoea. AUWeitzenblum E; Krieger J; Kopferschmitt-Kubler MC TT[Interet de l'examen polygraphique du sommeil pour le diagnostic etiologique d'insuffisances respiratoires en appearence inexpliquees.] EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p389-91 MJRespiratory Insufficiency /ET; Sleep Apnea Syndromes; Sleep MNMiddle Age; Respiratory Insufficiency /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0395-3890 LAEnglish JCBGX SBM UI86001098 TIAssessment of changes in airway calibre using the body plethysmograph. ABWe set out to assess the contribution of errors in measurement of thoracic gas volume and the relationship between volume and conductance to the estimation of airway resistance and conductance. In three subjects, errors in thoracic gas volume were smaller by a computerized than a manual method, but were not great enough to have much effect on the variability of resistance and conductance. The conductance-volume relationship was very variable in 17 subjects; from this relationship, it was possible to predict whether conductance or specific conductance would be the more variable measurement in 16 out of the 17. Conductance-volume relationships changed markedly after bronchoconstriction with histamine in one out of three subjects. Overall we found specific conductance to be the most satisfactory measurement. This measurement can be made without estimation of thoracic gas volume by closure of the mouth shutter and can, therefore, be used to follow acute changes in airway calibre. AUJames PN; Rees PJ; Chowienczyk PJ; Cochrane GM EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p393-7 MJAirway Resistance MNAdolescence; Adult; Histamine /PD; Lung Volume Measurements; Plethysmography; Total Lung Capacity MTFemale; Human; Male IS0395-3890 LAEnglish; French JCBGX SBM UI86001099 TIExercise- and hyperventilation-induced asthma. AULockhart A; Regnard J ; Dessanges JF; Florentin D; Lurie A EM8601 SOBull Eur Physiopathol Respir (England), Jul-Aug 1985, 21(4) p399-409 MJAsthma, Exercise-Induced; Asthma; Hyperventilation MNBody Temperature Regulation; Body Water /PH; Bronchi /PP; Mast Cells /PH; Reflex /PH; Vagus Nerve /PH MCReview MTHuman IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001100 TIThe development of the frozen section technique, the evolution of surgical biopsy, and the origins of surgical pathology. AUWright JR Jr EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p295-326 MJBiopsy; Frozen Sections; Microtomy; Pathology, Surgical MNBiopsy /HI; Germany; Great Britain; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Pathology, Clinical /HI; United States MCHistorical Article MTHuman IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001101 TIThe description and diagnosis of leprosy by fourteenth-century physicians. AUDemaitre L EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p327-44 MJHistory of Medicine, Medieval; Leprosy /HI; Physicians MNEurope; Leprosy /DI /TM; Syphilis /HI /TM MCHistorical Article MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001102 TIMeyer, Jung, and the limits of association. AULeys R PSMeyer A; Jung CG EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p345-60 MJWord Association Tests MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; New York City; Psychiatry /HI; Psychoanalysis /HI; Switzerland MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001103 TIHunting the yellow fever germ: the principle and practice of etiological proof in late nineteenth-century America. AUWarner M EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p361-82 MJYellow Fever /HI MNBacteriology /HI; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; United States; Yellow Fever /ET /MI MCHistorical Article IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001104 TIA case book of the Philadelphia Almshouse Infirmary. Dr. James Rush attending physician [8 October 1819 to 10 February 1820] AUPrice RM PSRush J EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p383-9 MJCharities; Hospitals, Public MNHistory of Medicine, 19th Cent.; Pennsylvania MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001105 TIDiversity and professionalism in American medical history: the AAHM in the 1980s. AUCassedy JH EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p390-4 MJHistoriography; History of Medicine; Societies MNHistory of Medicine, 20th Cent.; United States MCHistorical Article IS0007-5140 LAEnglish JCBIO UI86001106 TIOf the writing of hospital histories there is no end. An essay review. AUGuy JR EM8601 SOBull Hist Med (United States), Fall 1985, 59(3) p415-20 MJHospitals MNCharities /HI; England; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Hospitals, Public /HI; Hospitals, Voluntary /HI; Minnesota MCHistorical Article IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001107 TIGrowth models (including terminal and segmental branching) for topological binary trees. AUVan Pelt J; Verwer RW EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p323-36 MJModels, Biological; Nervous System MNDendrites /PH; Mathematics MTAnimal IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001108 TIChaotic dynamics of information processing: the ╥magic number seven plus-minus two╙ revisited. AUNicolis JS; Tsuda I EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p343-65 MJBrain; Cognition; Information Theory; Models, Psychological MNMathematics MTHuman IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001109 TIOn the computation of the tertiary structure of globular proteins--IV. Use of secondary structure information. AUCariani P; Goel NS EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p367-407 MJProtein Conformation; Proteins MNHemerythrin; Hemoglobins; Lampreys; Macromolecular Systems; Models, Molecular; Myoglobin; Parvalbumins; Whales MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001110 TIThe extension of two-dimensional cable theory to arteries and arterioles. AUDeakin MA; Neild TO; Turner RG EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p409-24 MJArteries; Arterioles MNMathematics; Models, Anatomic; Models, Biological MTAnimal IS0092-8240 LAEnglish JCBOE UI86001111 TIThe unidirectional flux transient as a tool for quantifying parallel diffusional pathways through membranes. Exact solution for two pathways. AUBass L EM8601 SOBull Math Biol (United States), 1985, 47(3) p425-34 MJMembranes; Models, Biological MNDiffusion; Mathematics; Solutions MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't LAEnglish JCBQF UI86001112 TIEndodontics--a perspective. AUDiamond MH EM8601 SOBull Ninth Dist Dent Soc (United States), May 1985, 69(2) p56-8 MJEndodontics MNRoot Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy /TD IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001114 TIThe geriatric medical education imperative. AUWilliams TF EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p471-7 MJGeriatrics MNUnited States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001115 TIThe Institute of Medicine Report on Aging and Medical Education--1984 update. AUBeeson PB EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p478-83 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics MNFinancing, Government; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001116 TIGeriatrics and medical education--initiatives of the Association of American Medical Colleges. AUJohnson JE 3d EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p484-91 MJGeriatrics; Hospitals, Teaching; Schools, Medical MNAged; Education, Medical; Long Term Care; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001117 TIEducation in the care of the elderly. AUArie TH EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p492-500 MJGeriatrics MNAged; Curriculum; England; Geriatric Psychiatry /ED MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001118 TIMedical education in geriatrics: ethical and social concerns. AUFreedman ML EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p501-5 MJEducation, Medical; Ethics, Medical; Geriatrics; Social Responsibility MNAged; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001119 TIThe role of nonphysicians in the training of physicians. AUDobrof R EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p506-13 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics; Health Manpower MNAged; Public Assistance; Schools, Medical; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001120 TIBiomedical research training as an apotheosis for geriatric education, with comments on the dogma of geriatrics and cost containment. AUWeksler ME; Durmaskin SC EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p514-9 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics /ED; Research MNAged; Cost Control; Geriatrics /EC; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001121 TIEducation in the clinical years: delusion or reality. AUVivell S; Robbins AS; Solomon DH; Beck JC EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p520-33 MJClinical Clerkship; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Geriatrics MNFamily Practice /ED; Geriatric Psychiatry /ED; Internal Medicine /ED; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001122 TIResidency training in geriatric medicine--1984. AUCalkins E EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p534-46 MJGeriatrics; Internship and Residency MNFamily Practice /ED; Internal Medicine /ED; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001123 TIFellowships in geriatrics. AULibow LS; Cassel CK EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p547-57 MJFellowships and Scholarships; Geriatrics MNGeriatric Psychiatry /ED; Internal Medicine /ED; United States MTFemale; Human; Male IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001124 TIContinuing medical education and geriatrics. AUWessler S EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p558-64 MJEducation, Medical, Continuing; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001125 TIGeriatric medical education imperative. AUButler RN EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p565-72 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001126 TIEducating for caring. AUEisdorfer C EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p573-9 MJDelivery of Health Care; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001127 TIStatement on geriatric medical education. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p580-1 MJEducation, Medical; Geriatrics MNAged; United States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001128 TIPreventive medicine in the aged [editorial] AUBerger EY EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p582-4 MJAged; Preventive Medicine MNUnited States MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001129 TIStatement and recommendations concerning the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p585-98 MJForensic Medicine MNAutopsy; Budgets; Forensic Medicine /EC /HI; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; New York City; Salaries and Fringe Benefits MCHistorical Article MTComparative Study; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001130 TIStatement on resuscitative intervention for patients who have suffered in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest: the issue of Do Not Resuscitate orders. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p599-608 MJHeart Arrest; Resuscitation MNHospitalization; Legislation, Medical MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001131 TIReport of the Subcommittee on Professional Medical Conduct in New York State. EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Jul-Aug 1985, 61(6) p604-8 MJEthics, Medical; Physicians MNNew York MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001132 TIBenign nerve tumors of the upper extremity. AULouis DS; Hankin FM EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p611-20 MJArm; Neurilemmoma; Neurofibroma MNAdult; Hamartoma /PA; Hemangioma /PA; Lipoma /PA; Median Nerve /PA; Neurilemmoma /SU; Neurofibroma /SU; Peripheral Nerve Neoplasms /PA MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001133 TINew concepts in suture selection and technical approaches in gynecological surgery. AUDuvivier R EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p621-8 MJGenital Diseases, Female; Sutures MNCatgut; Peritoneum /PH; Wound Healing MTFemale; Human IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001134 TIThe management of neck nodes in head and neck cancer: a surgeon's view. AUSpiro RH EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p629-37 MJHead and Neck Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes MNBiopsy, Needle; Head and Neck Neoplasms /SU; Lymph Nodes /PA; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neck; Prognosis; Radical Neck Dissection MTHuman IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001135 TIVascular trauma. AUPerry MO EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p638-49 MJArteries MNAngiography; Arm /BS; Arteries /SU; Carotid Arteries /IN; Innominate Artery /IN; Leg /BS; Postoperative Care; Subclavian Artery /IN; Wounds and Injuries /DI MTHuman RN15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 52-53-9 (Verapamil) IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001136 TIIntracranial pressure changes during infusions of verapamil as compared with sodium nitroprusside. AUThiagarajah S; Azar I; Lear E; Albert D EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p650-6 MJFerricyanides; Intracranial Pressure; Nitroprusside; Verapamil MNBlood Pressure /DE; Cats; Heart Rate /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0028-7091 LAEnglish JCBQO UI86001137 TIJohnson and Boswell: ╥vile melancholy╙ and ╥the hypochondriack╙. AUOber WB PSJohnson S; Boswell J EM8601 SOBull NY Acad Med (United States), Sep 1985, 61(7) p657-78 MJDepressive Disorder; Hypochondriasis; Literature, Modern; Medicine in Literature MNDictionaries; England; History of Medicine, 16th Cent.; History of Medicine, 17th Cent.; History of Medicine, 18th Cent.; Scotland; Semantics MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography MTHuman; Male RN52-67-5 (Penicillamine); 7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001152 TIArthritis in children. ABChronic arthritis in children is uncommon. Careful clinical and laboratory studies over many years have defined subgroups of disease that have their characteristic pattern of joint development and disease course. The prognosis for children who have arthritis is generally excellent but it may take years of care by a variety of specialists to achieve optimum results. AUCraft AW EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p188-94 MJArthritis /DI MNAnti-Inflammatory Agents /TU; Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid /DI /TH; Arthritis /CO /TH; Child, Preschool; Child; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Gold /TU; Joints /SU; Penicillamine /TU; Physical Therapy; Prognosis; Psoriasis /DI /TH; Spondylitis, Ankylosing /DI /TH MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male RN37341-29-0 (IgE) IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001153 TIAsthma in childhood. ABFor the majority of children with asthma treatment is simple and effective and they can lead normal active lives. Unfortunately, many cases of asthma go unrecognized or undertreated, leading to much chronic ill health and missed schooling. The mechanisms underlying asthma and some basic approaches to diagnosis and management are outlined in this article. AUReiser J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p196-204 MJAsthma /ET MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Agonists /TU; Airway Resistance; Asthma /DI /TH; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Bronchi /PP; Bronchodilator Agents /TU; Child; Combined Modality Therapy /MT; Desensitization, Immunologic; Hypersensitivity, Immediate /DI /IM /TH; IgE /IM; Lung /RA; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Therapy /MT MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001154 TIDeafness in children. ABEarly detection of deafness is important for rehabilitation and diagnosis. In spite of prompt treatment the effects of deafness on language and learning can be devastating. The scope of hearing aids is advancing all the time, but the severely deaf child will never be able to obtain anything but rudimentary auditory input. As deaf children and their parents become more aware of the risks of genetic deafness, an aetiology should be established wherever possible. AUSnashall SE EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p205-9 MJDeafness MNAudiometry /MT; Behavior; Child, Preschool; Counseling; Deafness /RH; Diagnosis, Differential; Hearing Aids; Hearing Loss, Conductive /DI /RH; Hearing Tests /MT; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Language Development; Learning MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001155 TIThe preparation of saphenous veins for coronary artery bypass grafts. ABCoronary grafting is the commonest operation nowadays performed in the Western world. Its success depends on the quality of the vein harvested; this task should be the duty of the most skilled surgeon of the team. This article lays down a rational quick efficient and successful technique so that the coordinated simultaneous procedures necessary in the early phase of a coronary graft operation result in an excellent vein in good time for its implantation in the heart. AUBehl PR EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p210-5 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Saphenous Vein /TR MNIntraoperative Care /MT; Postoperative Care /MT; Postoperative Complications /OC; Preoperative Care /MT; Saphenous Vein /AH MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001156 TIStress ulceration in the critically ill patient. ABStress ulceration is common in patients receiving intensive care. Its cause is ill defined, life threatening complications are rare but the use of H2 antagonists and antacids in prophylaxis is widespread. The development of haemorrhage and perforation appears to be related to a group of risk factors of which sepsis may be the most important. AUKnight A; Bihari D; Tinker J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p216-9 MJCritical Care; Peptic Ulcer; Stress, Psychological MNAntacids /AE /TU; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Mucosa /BS /SE; Histamine H2 Receptor Blockaders /AE /TU; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage /PC; Peptic Ulcer /PC /PP; Risk; Stress, Psychological /PP MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001157 TIGetting a job: the interview. ABThe interview is a vital part of the process of selecting the best candidate for a hospital post from many suitable ones. Most doctors should be able to develop an interview technique that does justice to all their qualities. AUHobbs KE EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p220-2 MJInterviews; Personnel Management; Personnel Selection MNMedical Staff, Hospital MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001158 TIYour accounts. Private practice--7. AUHepburn PF EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p234, 236 MJAccounting; Private Practice MNCosts and Cost Analysis; Great Britain; State Medicine; Taxes; Travel IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001159 TIBackache [letter] AUChalmers J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJBackache MNMyelography MTHuman IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001160 TIManpower and training [letter] AUJones ES EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJInternal Medicine /MA MNGreat Britain; Internal Medicine /ED IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001161 TIRefuge in the private sector [letter] AUChamberlain G EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJPrivate Practice; Schools, Medical MNGreat Britain IS0007-1064 LAEnglish JCBZ5 SBM UI86001162 TIThe Scrooge issue [letter] AUPatten J EM8601 SOBr J Hosp Med (England), Apr 1985, 33(4) p238 MJState Medicine MNGreat Britain RN50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 58-82-2 (Bradykinin) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001163 TIThe selective antagonism of bradykinin action on rat isolated uterus by crude Mandevilla velutina extract. ABA crude aqueous alcoholic extract of Mandevilla velutina (Apocynaceae) rhizomes produced a concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the concentration-response curve to bradykinin (Bk) in the isolated uterus of the rat. Schild analysis of the data revealed a linear relationship (r = 0.99) and yielded a pA2 value of 3.3 + 0.08 (- log g ml-1) but the slope differed significantly from unity. The anti-Bk action was of rapid onset and was reversible upon washout. Contractions induced by acetylcholine, oxytocin, angiotensin II and BaCl2 were unaffected by the extract. This represents the first report of a selective Bk antagonist of plant origin. The isolation of the active principle(s) may result in a useful pharmacological tool for elucidating the physiological and physiopathological roles of endogenous Bk. AUCalixto JB; Nicolau M; Yunes RA EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p729-31 MJBradykinin; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Uterus MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Oxytocin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10361-37-2 (barium chloride); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine); 7440-39-3 (Barium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001165 TISimultaneous measurement of contractile effects in the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens by drugs perfused externally or via the lumen. ABThe effects of noradrenaline and barium chloride were studied in the rat isolated vas deferens by perfusion of drugs either externally or through the lumen of the organ. Two effects were recorded simultaneously in the same preparation: (a) isometric contractions, due to the tension elicited by drugs on the external (longitudinal) smooth muscle layer and (b) pressure of internal perfusion, due to contractions of the internal (circular) smooth muscle layer. It was found with the longitudinal muscle that: (a) the potency, expressed as pD2 values, and the maximum response to noradrenaline were lower if the drug was perfused internally rather than externally; (b) the differences in maximum effects were pronounced on the prostatic half but were not observed on the epididymal half; (c) the maximum response obtained by internal perfusion could be increased by simultaneously adding the same dose of drug externally; (d) when barium chloride was used instead of noradrenaline no significant differences were observed on pD2 values, but differences on maximal responses were similar to that observed for noradrenaline; (e) it was possible to block completely the effect of internal or external noradrenaline on the longitudinal muscle, by perfusing external phenoxybenzamine. In these conditions the responses of the circular muscle to the agonist were only partly blocked. With the circular muscle, the differences related to internal and external perfusion were less marked than in the longitudinal muscle. However, unlike the latter, the circular layer was slightly more sensitive to drugs applied internally, in relation to pD2 values. It is suggested that the difference in pD2 values may be due to the removal of noradrenaline by the neuronal uptake process, whereas the difference in maximal effect is due to the inaccessibility of part of the receptor population when drugs are added through the lumen. AUBusatto PA; Jurkiewicz A EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p737-46 MJBarium /PD; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine /PD; Vas Deferens MNBarium /AD; Diffusion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Norepinephrine /AD; Perfusion; Phenoxybenzamine /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN58-73-1 (Diphenhydramine); 60-87-7 (Promethazine); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001166 TIEffects of H1-receptor blocking drugs on the frog sartorius neuromuscular junction. ABThe effects of H1-receptor blocking agents, pyrilamine, promethazine, and diphenhydramine, on the amplitude and time course of endplate potentials (e.p.ps) were studied in the sartorius muscles of frogs. H1-receptor blockers (10(-5)-10(-4) M) reduced the amplitude of e.p.ps recorded intracellularly without affecting the resting membrane potential. The acetylcholine potential was decreased by perfusion of H1-receptor blockers. However, when the muscle fibre was stimulated directly, threshold and magnitude of action potential were not affected by H1-receptor blockers. The time constant of decay of the e.p.ps recorded extracellularly was reduced by H1-receptor blockers and the decay remained exponential with a single time constant. The quantal content was not reduced by perfusion of H1-receptor blockers at a concentration of 10(-4) M. It is assumed that the major site of action of these H1-receptor blocking agents is at the postsynaptic membrane. AUKatayama S; Tasaka K EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p747-53 MJAminopyridines; Diphenhydramine; Neuromuscular Junction; Promethazine; Pyrilamine; Receptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine MNAction Potentials /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Membrane Potentials /DE; Perfusion; Ranidae; Time Factors MTAnimal RN1183-35-3 (dihydroouabain); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001167 TIPotassium changes the relationship between receptor occupancy and the inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides in guinea-pig myocardium. ABK+ (2.4-15.6 mmol l-1) antagonized the positive inotropic effect of dihydro-ouabain. The concentration-effect curves became steeper with the shift to higher concentrations of the glycoside. At 1.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+, an increase in K+ from 2.4 to 12 mmol l-1 required tenfold higher concentrations of dihydro-ouabain to produce equal inotropic effects. This factor was reduced to four at 3.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+. The same change in K+ concentration, at 1.2 mmol l-1 Ca2+, diminished the inotropic effect of ouabain on rested-state contractions by a factor of six. The positive inotropic effect of Ca2+ was also antagonized by K+ (1.2-12 mmol l-1). Reduction of Na+ from 140 to 70 mmol l-1 abolished the antagonistic action of K+ (1.2-8.0 mmol l-1). Moreover the inotropic effect of Ca2+ was enhanced. Reduction of Na+, from 140 to 70 mmol l-1, antagonized the positive inotropic effect of dihydro-ouabain more at low (2.4 mmol l-1) than at high (8.0 mmol l-1) K+. Accordingly, the extent of the dihydro-ouabain-K+ antagonism was reduced. When the K+ concentration was increased from 2.4 to 12 mmol l-1, [3H]-ouabain binding was reduced by a factor of three. This is less than the reduction in the inotropic effectiveness of ouabain or dihydro-ouabain. Reduction of stimulation frequency from 1 to 0.1215 Hz did not significantly alter the antagonistic effect of K+. Diminution of Vmax of the action potential was observed only at K+ concentrations greater than 5.9 mmol l-1, whereas the resting membrane potential was continuously depolarized over the entire range of K+ concentrations. The results support the view that the reduction in receptor affinity cannot be the sole cause of the antagonism between the glycoside and K+. Impairment of passive Na+ influx during diastole, due to the K+-dependent depolarization of the resting membrane potential, contributed to about one half of the glycoside-K+ antagonism. AUBachmaier A; Ebner F; Reiter M EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p755-65 MJCardiac Glycosides; Myocardial Contraction; Potassium MNCalcium /ME; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Ouabain /AA /PD; Reserpine /PD; Sodium /ME; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 39562-70-4 (nitrendipine); 42399-41-7 (Diltiazem); 56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 66085-59-4 (nimodipine); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001168 TICharacterization of [3H]-nitrendipine binding to uterine smooth muscle plasma membrane and its relevance to inhibition of calcium entry. ABSpecific, high affinity (KD = 164 pM) binding of the Ca channel inhibitor [3H]-nitrendipine was identified in plasma membrane-enriched fractions from the rat myometrium. Although dihydropyridines effectively competed for [3H]-nitrendipine binding sites, both verapamil and D600 were poor competitors. Diltiazem (10 microM) increased [3H]-nitrendipine binding by about 40%, but had no effect on binding affinity. Among several other drugs tested, diethylstilboestrol (DES) caused a considerable inhibition of binding, with an IC50 value of 4 microM. Both La3+ and EDTA (or EGTA) inhibited binding. The inhibition by the latter could be overcome by the addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+. A clear relationship was found between [3H]-nitrendipine binding and 5-nucleotidase activity in the various subcellular fractions. Data on K+-stimulated Ca2+ influx in the intact uterine strips showed a good agreement between the inhibition by both nitrendipine and DES of stimulated Ca influx and their inhibitory effect on [3H]-nitrendipine binding to plasma membrane. This type of correlation was lacking in the case of D600. These results suggest that Ca channels in the myometrial membrane possess multiple sites at which different drugs can act to block these channels. AUBatra S EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p767-74 MJCalcium; Ion Channels; Muscle, Smooth; Nifedipine; Uterus MNBinding, Competitive; Cell Fractionation; Cell Membrane /ME; Diethylstilbestrol /ME; Diltiazem /PD; EDTA /PD; EGTA /PD; Nicotinic Acids /ME; Nifedipine /ME; Potassium /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN2609-46-3 (Amiloride); 363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 56092-81-0 (ionomycin); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 83-89-6 (Quinacrine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001169 TIProstaglandin release mediates drug-induced stimulation of sodium transport in frog skin: the effects of quinacrine. ABQuinacrine markedly increased the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) into the basolateral solution of the bullfrog skin from a control value of 32.7 +/- 21.7 pg per 20 min period to a stimulated value of 8593.1 +/- 4112.3 pg per 20 min period. Quinacrine increased the amiloride-sensitive short circuit current from 20.7 +/- 2.1 microA cm-2 to 45.4 +/- 6.5 microA cm-2. The stimulatory effects of quinacrine on both short circuit current and prostaglandin release were blocked in skins pretreated with indomethacin (10(-6) M). Quinacrine did not block either the stimulation of the short circuit current or the increase in PGE2 release caused by the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. These results suggest: (a) the release of PGE2 and the stimulation of the short circuit current caused by quinacrine are linked since blocking PGE2 release inhibits the stimulation of the short circuit current; (b) given the complexity of its actions, quinacrine is a poor tool to examine whether the effects of a given agent are mediated through the activation of endogenous phospholipases. In addition our results taken together with other findings in the literature suggest that there is a diverse group of compounds that stimulate transepithelial sodium transport by releasing PGE2. AUErlij D; Gersten L EM8601 ID5R01AM2406406 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p775-81 MJProstaglandins; Quinacrine; Skin /ME; Sodium MNAmiloride /PD; Biological Transport, Active /DE; Ethers /PD; Indomethacin /PD; Prostaglandins E /ME; Rana Catesbeiana; Skin /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN300-54-9 (Muscarine); 4780-69-2 (muscarone) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001170 TIAffinity and efficacy correlate with chemical structure more than potency does in a series of pentatomic cyclic muscarinic agonists. ABThe efficacy and affinity of nine pentatomic cyclic muscarinic agonists were determined on the guinea-pig ileum, according to the method of Furchgott & Bursztyn (1967). The efficacy and affinity of these agonists are affected differently by structural modifications. Our results suggest that a strong dipole oriented in the same direction as that of the hydroxy group of muscarine, or the presence of a polarizable atom in the same position, are important for efficacy. AUAngeli P; Brasili L; Giannella M; Gualtieri F; Pigini M EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p783-6 MJParasympathomimetics MNChemistry; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Ileum /DE; Mathematics; Muscarine /AA /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15826-37-6 (Disodium Cromoglycate); 51762-95-9 (doxantrazole); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 55837-27-9 (piretanide); 58974-93-9 (FPL-52694); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001171 TIImmediate hypersensitivity reactions in epithelia from rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. ABColonic epithelia from rats infected with the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have been studied under short circuit conditions and in response to challenge with worm antigen. Challenge from the serosal but not the mucosal side with antigen caused a transient increase in inwardly directed short circuit current. No effects were observed in comparable tissues from noninfected animals. Simultaneous measurements of short circuit current and of the fluxes of sodium or chloride ions showed there was an increase in electrogenic chloride secretion and an inhibition of electroneutral sodium chloride absorption, associated with antigen challenge. This result, together with the inhibitory effects of piretanide on the response to antigen challenge, indicate that chloride ions are a major carrier of the short circuit current response. However, the equivalence of the biophysical response to ion fluxes was not established, there being an excess of chloride secretion. The mast cell stabilizing agent, FPL 52694, significantly inhibited the current responses to antigen, while cromoglycate and doxantrazole were ineffective. Mepyramine, an H1-receptor antagonist, and indomethacin, an inhibitor of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase, were without effect on the responses to antigen challenge. Anti-rat IgE produced qualitatively similar responses to antigen in both normal and sensitized colonic epithelia. However, the responses were significantly greater in tissues derived from infected animals. Maximally effective antigen concentrations prevented subsequent responses to anti-rat IgE in sensitized tissues, while anti-rat IgE only attenuated the responses to antigen. The ways in which antigen challenge modifies epithelial function is discussed, particularly in relation to its possible role in promoting rejection of the nematodes during secondary infection. AUBaird AW; Cuthbert AW; Pearce FL EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p787-95 MJColon /PS; Hypersensitivity, Immediate /PS; Nematode Infections MNChlorides /ME; Chromones /PD; Colon /CY; Disodium Cromoglycate /PD; Electric Conductivity; Epithelium /PS; Hypersensitivity, Immediate /CO; IgG /IM; Indomethacin /PD; Mast Cells /DE; Nippostrongylus; Pyrilamine /PD; Rats; Sodium /ME; Sulfonamides /PD; Thioxanthenes /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 54-11-5 (Nicotine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001172 TIEffect of nicotine on blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose uptake in the canine small intestine. ABResting blood flow, arterio-venous glucose and oxygen (A-V)O2 differences, glucose uptake and oxygen consumption by a segment of the upper jejunum were measured in anaesthetized dogs. Systemic arterial pressure was also measured. The effect of nicotine infusion (25 micrograms kg-1 i.v., over 10 min) on these measurements was recorded in untreated dogs, in dogs treated with propranolol (0.5 mg kg-1) to produce beta-adrenoceptor blockade and in dogs after alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin (0.2 mg kg-1). Nicotine cause a significant pressor response during infusion and a hypotensive response during the post infusion period. Propranolol did not significantly affect these results. Jejunal blood flow increased in the first half of nicotine infusion in both the untreated and beta-blocked animals. Vascular resistance was reduced during nicotine infusion and the decrease persisted post infusion in the beta-blocked group. In the untreated group (A-V)O2 was significantly reduced during the first 5 min of nicotine infusion, thereafter it returned to control levels, then rose significantly above control level, post infusion. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade had little effect on these responses to nicotine. When oxygen consumption was calculated it was found that nicotine had little effect during or after infusion. Nicotine caused significant hyperglycaemia during and for about 1 h after infusion. Tissue release of glucose was occasionally observed following the infusion. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade reduced the hyperglycaemia caused by nicotine. beta-Blockade alone increased uptake and nicotine caused a further three to four fold increase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGrayson J; Oyebola DD EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p797-804 MJGlucose; Intestine, Small /ME; Nicotine /PD; Oxygen Consumption MNBlood Glucose /ME; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Injections, Intravenous; Intestine, Small /DE; Nicotine /AD; Prazosin /PD; Propranolol /PD; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine); 63631-40-3 (enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-39-3 (Barium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001173 TIOpioid inhibition of synaptic transmission in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus. ABIntracellular recordings were made from neurones in the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig ileum. Presynaptic nerves were excited by a focal stimulating electrode on an interganglionic strand. Fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (e.p.s.ps) were depressed in amplitude by morphine and [Met5]enkephalin in the concentration range of 1 nM-1 microM. Nicotinic depolarizations evoked by exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) were not affected by these opioids. Hyperpolarization of the presynaptic fibres probably contributed to the depression of the fast e.p.s.p. because fast e.p.s.ps evoked by low stimulus voltages were more depressed than those evoked by high stimulus voltages and fast e.p.s.ps resulting from activation of a single presynaptic fibre were blocked in a non-graded manner. Opioids depressed the slow e.p.s.p. in those neurones in which they did not change the resting membrane potential. The slow e.p.s.p. was increased in amplitude in those neurones hyperpolarized by opioids. Depolarizations resulting from application of barium, substance P or ACh were also enhanced by opioids. Equivalent circuit models in which opioids increase, and substance P or ACh decrease, the same potassium conductance could account for this enhancement. The actions of opioids were prevented or reversed by naloxone (1 nM-1 microM). It is concluded that morphine and enkephalin inhibit the release of ACh and a non-cholinergic transmitter from fibres of the myenteric plexus, and that this may involve a hyperpolarization of presynaptic fibres. Additionally, opioids can interact postsynaptically with other substances which affect membrane potassium conductances. AUCherubini E; Morita K; North RA EM8601 IDAM/NS 32979; DA03160 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p805-17 MJEndorphins; Myenteric Plexus; Neural Transmission MNAcetylcholine /PD; Action Potentials /DE; Barium /PD; Electric Conductivity; Enkephalin, Leucine /AA /PD; Enkephalin, Methionine /PD; Guinea Pigs; Ileum /IR; Morphine /PD; Naloxone /PD; Nicotine /PD; Potassium /ME; Substance P /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 52665-69-7 (A-23187); 60-00-4 (EDTA); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 67-42-5 (EGTA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001174 TITransmembrane sodium and potassium gradients modulate histamine secretion induced by ionophore A23187. ABHistamine secretion was induced from rat peritoneal mast cells by calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of various extracellular calcium concentrations. Transmembrane sodium and potassium gradients were altered by cold pretreatment of mast cells or through the inhibition of sodium-potassium ATPase by the use of ouabain or potassium-deprivation. Such pretreatments led to a parallel shift to the left of the extracellular calcium concentration-histamine secretion curve, i.e. to an apparent decrease of extracellular calcium requirement for the ionophore-induced histamine release. These effects were fully reversed by warming mast cells, by washing out ouabain or by adding potassium. Metabolic inhibition of mast cells prevented the ionophore-induced secretion in all the experimental conditions described. Secretion observed in the absence of added calcium was inhibited by short term treatment of cells with 5 X 10(-6) M EGTA or EDTA provided magnesium was absent from the assay medium. Data show that ionophore A23187 was able to induce secretion in the presence of micromolar concentrations of extracellular calcium, when the efficiency of the ionophore was not decreased by extracellular magnesium and when transmembrane sodium and potassium gradients were altered. AUAmellal M; Bronner C; Landry Y EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p819-26 MJA-23187; Histamine Liberation; Potassium; Sodium MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Calcium /PD; Cold; Compound 48-80 /PD; Digitalis Glycosides /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; EDTA /PD; EGTA /PD; Mast Cells /DE; Ouabain /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-61-6 (Dopamine); 54-11-5 (Nicotine); 60-40-2 (Mecamylamine); 69-27-2 (Chlorisondamine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001175 TIElectrophysiological actions of nicotine on substantia nigra single units. ABExtracellular recordings of single unit activity were made in the substantia nigra (SN) of chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rats. Dopaminergic neurones of the pars compacta (SNC) were stimulated by (-)-nicotine bitartrate (1.0 mg kg-1) given subcutaneously (s.c.). This action was prevented by the secondary amine mecamylamine HCl (2.0 mg kg-1 i.v.) but not by a ganglion-blocking dose of the bisquaternary compound chlorisondamine Cl (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.). Mecamylamine reduced the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurones. Nicotine, when administered intravenously (2-128 micrograms kg-1 cumulative dose), also stimulated dopamine cells and this action was dose-related. Nicotine, administered intravenously, (2-128 micrograms kg-1 cumulative dose) markedly excited non-dopamine cells in the pars reticulata (SNR) in a dose-related manner. In rats pretreated with chlorisondamine (0.1 mg kg-1 i.v.), nicotine induced a small excitatory or depressant action, but the marked excitation was not seen. Mecamylamine (2 mg kg-1 i.v.) completely prevented the actions of nicotine. The results are consistent with a direct excitatory action of nicotine on dopaminergic neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The pronounced excitatory action of systemically administered nicotine on non-dopamine cells of the pars reticulata appears to be of peripheral origin. AUClarke PB; Hommer DW; Pert A; Skirboll LR EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p827-35 MJNeurons /PH; Nicotine /PD; Substantia Nigra /PH MNChlorisondamine /PD; Dopamine /AN; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intravenous; Mecamylamine /PD; Neurons /DE; Nicotine /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substantia Nigra /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine); 76956-02-0 (loxtidine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001177 TIPharmacological basis for the induction of gastric carcinoid tumours in the rat by loxtidine, an insurmountable histamine H2-receptor blocking drug. ABThe very late occurrence of gastric carcinoids in a life-span carcinogenicity study with loxtidine in the rat might have resulted from continuous achlorhydria induced by this long-acting unsurmountable histamine H2-antagonist. The nature of the anti-secretory activity of loxtidine was compared with that of ranitidine on histamine-induced acid secretion in the perfused stomach preparation of the rat and in the rat isolated gastric mucosa preparation. Ranitidine and loxtidine had qualitatively different inhibitory effects on acid secretion, ranitidine being a competitive antagonist of histamine even at high concentrations, whereas the effect of loxtidine on both preparations was unsurmountable at relatively low concentrations. These results support the hypothesis that the late formation of gastric carcinoids in rats receiving loxtidine is a consequence of persistent achlorhydria caused by unsurmountable blockade of parietal cell H2-receptors. AUBrittain RT; Jack D; Reeves JJ; Stables R EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p843-7 MJCarcinoid Tumor; Receptors, Histamine H2; Receptors, Histamine; Stomach Neoplasms; Triazoles MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastric Acid /SE; Histamine /PD; Ranitidine /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Female RNEC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin Synthase); EC 3.4.21.5 (Thrombin); 0 (thromboxane receptor); 119-36-8 (methyl salicylate); 36504-64-0 (nictindole); 54397-85-2 (Thromboxane B2); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 78218-09-4 (dazoxiben) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001178 TIPlatelet desensitization induced by arachidonic acid is not due to cyclo-oxygenase inactivation and involves the endoperoxide receptor. ABHuman platelets pre-exposed to arachidonic acid (AA) (0.1-1 mM) or to the endoperoxide analogue U46619 (1-3 microM) and then washed and resuspended, failed to respond with aggregation or secretion to a second challenge by either agonist. The response to thrombin at low (0.04-0.1 u ml-1) but not at high (2.5 u ml-1) concentrations was also inhibited by pre-exposure to AA and U46619. The ability of platelets to synthesize thromboxane (Tx) B2 from AA or upon challenge with thrombin persisted despite platelet desensitization. In the presence of the reversible cyclo-oxygenase (CO) inhibitors methyl salicylate (MS) or L8027, pre-exposure to AA had no effect on subsequent challenge by the same agonist or by U46619, whereas platelet desensitization by pre-exposure to U46619 persisted. However, platelet activation by, and desensitization to AA and U46619, was prevented by trimetoquinol and compound L636499, two thromboxane/endoperoxide receptor antagonists. In contrast to the CO inhibitors, the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben, which in 3 'responders' out of 5 subjects suppressed aggregation, secretion, and Tx formation induced by AA, failed to prevent AA-induced desensitization. Compared to quiescent cells the distances between platelets desensitized after re-exposure to AA were reduced in electron microscopy, but the tight connections associated with aggregated cells were not observed. Degranulation was also not observed and cell morphology resembled that of normal quiescent platelets. In conclusion, (a) AA and U46619 desensitize human platelets at a similar site sensitive to prostaglandin/thromboxane receptor antagonists, and show cross-desensitization; (b) desensitization by AA appears to be mediated by a CO-dependent metabolite, as CO inhibitors prevent desensitization by AA but not to U46619; (c) the failure of dazoxiben to prevent desensitization by AA suggests that a metabolite other than TxA2, possibly the endoperoxides, mediates the phenomenon; (d) desensitization does not involve inactivation of CO or thromboxane synthetase enzymes. AUCarmo LG; Hatmi M; Rotilio D; Vargaftig BB EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p849-59 MJArachidonic Acids; Blood Platelets; Prostaglandin Synthase; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Receptors, Prostaglandin MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Blood Platelets /UL; Imidazoles /PD; Indoles /PD; Microscopy, Electron; Platelet Aggregation /DE; Prostaglandin Endoperoxides, Synthetic /PD; Salicylates /PD; Thrombin /PD; Thromboxane B2 /BI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 71195-58-9 (alfentanyl); 72957-38-1 (dynorphin (1-13); 74913-18-1 (Dynorphin) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001179 TIContractor responses of the isolated colon of the mouse to morphine and some opioid peptides. ABMorphine (1 X 10(-8) - 1 X 10(-4)M), fentanyl (1 X 10(-9) - 1 X 10(-5)M) and alfentanyl (1 X 10(-10) - 1 X 10(-5)M) as well as methionine enkephalin [Met5]enkephalin (1 X 10(-11) - 1 X 10(-8)M), [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalin (1 X 10(-12) - 1 X 10(-8)M) and dynorphin A(1 - 13) (1 X 10(-9) - 1 X 10(-6)M) caused a contractor response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of the mouse. These effects were competitively antagonized by naloxone. The pA2 values obtained for naloxone antagonism of morphine and opioid peptides and the high sensitivity of the preparation to enkephalins suggest the presence of delta-opiate receptors in this preparation but mu- and kappa-receptors may also be present. Opiate-induced contractions in the mouse colon were abolished by tetrodotoxin and after incubation with indomethacin. It is concluded that the excitatory actions of the opiates in the mouse colon are mediated via opiate receptors located on nerves which do not release acetylcholine, noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptamine. The opiates may produce their action by removing an inhibitory neural influence (the nature of which remains to be elucidated) allowing a prostaglandin-mediated effect to predominate, thereby increasing muscle tone. AUFontaine J; Reuse J EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p861-7 MJColon; Endorphins; Morphine MNAcetylcholine /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphin /PD; Enkephalin, Methionine /PD; Fentanyl /AA /PD; Gastrointestinal Motility /DE; Indomethacin /PD; Mice; Naloxone /PD; Peptide Fragments /PD; Tetrodotoxin /PD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1191-85-1 (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid); 15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside); 55-65-2 (Guanethidine); 7361-61-7 (Xylazine); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil); 83-89-6 (Quinacrine); 92-43-3 (phenidone) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001180 TIThe effect of hypoxia on neuroeffector transmission in the bovine retractor penis and rat anococcygeus muscles. ABThe effects of reducing the PO2 of the bathing fluid were studied on non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) transmission in isolated preparations of the bovine retractor penis muscle, the rat anococcygeus muscle, the guinea-pig taenia caeci and the guinea-pig urinary bladder. Hypoxia rapidly and reversibly impaired NANC transmission in the bovine retractor penis and rat anococcygeus muscles but did not affect transmission in the guinea-pig taenia caeci or bladder, suggesting that different NANC mechanisms are involved. Although neurally-evoked relaxation of the bovine retractor penis was impaired by hypoxia, relaxations produced by vasoactive intestinal peptide, prostaglandin E1, sodium nitroprusside or an inhibitory factor isolated from the bovine retractor penis were unaffected. Since the inhibitory factor is similar to, and may actually be the NANC transmitter, the results suggest that the site of action of hypoxia in impairing transmission is prejunctional at the inhibitory nerve endings. AUBowman A; McGrath JC EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p869-75 MJAnoxia; Neural Transmission; Neuromuscular Junction; Penis; Sacrococcygeal Region MN5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid /PD; Alprostadil /PD; Bladder /IR; Cattle; Electric Stimulation; Guanethidine /PD; Guinea Pigs; Nitroprusside /PD; Pyrazoles /PD; Quinacrine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Xylazine /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN132-22-9 (Chlorpheniramine); 18453-07-1 (2-(2-aminoethyl); 34839-70-8 (Metiamide); 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 55273-05-7 (impromidine); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine); 69014-14-8 (tiotidine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001181 TICharacterization of histamine receptors mediating the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in rabbit cerebral cortical slices. ABThe characteristics of histamine-stimulated adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) accumulation in slices of rabbit cerebral cortex have been investigated. The selective H2-receptor antagonists, cimetidine, tiotidine, metiamide and ranitidine appeared to antagonize the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by histamine in a competitive manner consistent with an interaction with histamine H2-receptors. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine (0.8 microM) produced only a weak inhibition of the response to histamine. The inhibition appeared to be non-competitive producing a decrease in the maximal response with little effect on the EC50 value. The specific H2-receptor agonist, impromidine, produced a maximum response of only 31 +/- 2% of that obtained with histamine. Studies with histamine and impromidine in combination indicated that impromidine was not acting as a partial agonist. 2-Thiazolylethylamine, a selective H1-agonist, produced only a weak response (EC50 approximately 1mM) yielding a relative potency with respect to histamine (= 100) of 2.5. In the presence of a supramaximal concentration of impromidine, histamine and 2-thiazolylethylamine further elevated the response to impromidine. In these conditions the relative potency of 2-thiazolylethylamine was increased to 59 (histamine = 100), a value which was comparable with that reported for H1-receptor-mediated contractions of guinea-pig ileum. The H1-receptor antagonists mepyramine, promethazine, triprolidine and chlorpheniramine competitively antagonized the potentiation of impromidine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by histamine and 2-thiazolylethylamine in rabbit cerebral cortex without affecting the response to impromidine alone. (+)-Chlorpheniramine was some 150 fold more potent than the (-)-isomer in this respect. Histamine and adenosine in combination had a much greater than additive effect on the accumulation of cyclic AMP in rabbit cerebral cortical slices. The potentiation of the adenosine response could be partially but not completely antagonized by either cimetidine or mepyramine. In the presence of H2-receptor blockade with 0.02 mM tiotidine, histamine elicited a significant potentiation (EC50 44 microM) of the response to adenosine. This response was antagonized competitively by mepyramine yielding a KB value of 0.05 microM similar to that obtained from inhibition of the potentiation of impromidine-stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP (0.02 microM). These results suggest that there are two components in the response to histamine in rabbit cerebral cortical slices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUAl-Gadi M; Hill SJ EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p877-88 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Cerebral Cortex; Receptors, Histamine MNAdenosine /PD; Chlorpheniramine /PD; Cimetidine /AA /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Imidazoles /PD; Kinetics; Mathematics; Metiamide /PD; Rabbits; Ranitidine /PD; Receptors, Histamine H1 /ME; Receptors, Histamine H2 /ME; Thiazoles /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN108-88-3 (Toluene); 51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 71-43-2 (Benzene); 75-05-8 (acetonitrile) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001182 TIEnthalpy-entropy relationship in drug-cholinoceptor interaction: a new approach. ABThe partial molal volume at infinite dilution, V2, was determined in toluene, benzene and acetonitrile for fifteen different drug molecules comprising muscarinic agonists, partial agonists and antagonists. The difference in V2 between a given drug, X, and hyoscine, expressed as (V2x - V2h) was then multiplied by the internal pressure of the holding phase (Pi approximately cohesive energy density) in order to obtain an estimate of the excess enthalpy (delta H) over hyoscine in the interaction of drug molecule X with a common cholinoceptor. As a working hypothesis, delta H for hyoscine is taken as zero, hyoscine having the lowest V2/affinity ratio of any drug in the series investigated. The corresponding change in entropy (delta S) was then calculated from the relationship: RT ln Kx = Pi(V2x - V2h) - T delta S, where Kx is the affinity constant of drug molecule X to the common cholinoceptor, obtained independently. Linear regression of Pi (V2x - V2h) congruent to delta H from the data in acetonitrile over delta S gave a satisfactory isoequilibrium plot, r2 = 0.954, slope (beta) = 231 degrees K. The present approach offers a new course for the study of the enthalpy-entropy relationship in the interaction of drug molecules in a given series with a common receptor. It could provide an alternative to the Van't Hoff procedure for the estimation of relative delta H, and is independent of the free energy of binding (delta G). AUCohen S; Haberman F EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p889-96 MJModels, Biological; Parasympathomimetics; Receptors, Cholinergic; Thermodynamics MNAcetonitriles; Benzene; Densitometry; Mathematics; Scopolamine /PD; Solutions; Toluene MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 52-62-0 (Pentolinium Tartrate); 73168-23-7 (vasopressin-(1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001183 TIThe influence of neonatal treatment with capsaicin on the control of blood pressure in adult rats in water-replete and water-deprived states. ABArterial blood pressures and heart rates were measured in water-replete and in water-deprived (48 h) conscious, adult rats that had received capsaicin (50 mg kg-1) or its vehicle neonatally. Resting arterial blood pressures and heart rates in capsaicin-treated rats were not different from the controls in either the water-replete or the water-deprived state. Inhibition of the vascular actions of vasopressin (with 1-beta-mercapto,-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid, 8-D-arginine vasopressin, (d(CH2)5DAVP] had no significant effect on blood pressures in the water-replete animals but caused a significant hypotension in water-deprived rats; the magnitude of the hypotension was the same irrespective of whether the animals had received capsaicin or its vehicle. During angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (with captopril) and ganglion blockade (with pentolinium), the vasopressin-mediated blood pressure recovery was more gradual in the capsaicin-treated animals than in the controls, but after 60 min blood pressures were similar in all groups. Collectively the results indicate that although the full development of vasopressin-dependent mechanisms following acute hypotension takes longer when a large proportion of unmyelinated afferent fibres have been destroyed by neonatal treatment with capsaicin, 48 h of water deprivation results in a normal involvement of vasopressin-dependent mechanisms in the maintenance of blood pressure. AUBennett T; Gardiner SM EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p897-903 MJAnimals, Newborn; Blood Pressure; Capsaicin; Water Deprivation MNArgipressin /AA /PD; Captopril /PD; Heart Rate /DE; Pentolinium Tartrate /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Renin-Angiotensin System; Vasopressins /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001184 TIPharmaco-mechanical coupling in the response to acetylcholine and substance P in the smooth muscle of the rat iris sphincter. ABIn the rat iris sphincter muscle contractile responses to transmural stimulation consisted of two components, a fast cholinergic followed by a slow non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) one. The magnitude of the latter varied widely and was on average 5% of that of the cholinergic component. Exogenous substance P (1 nM-1 microM) produced a concentration-dependent contraction, the maximum amplitude of which was as large as that produced by acetylcholine (ACh). Capsaicin (10 microM) induced a transient contraction only once in each preparation. After the treatment with capsaicin the NANC component disappeared. Neither nerve nor direct electrical stimulation with short pulses elicited any active change in the membrane potential under physiological conditions, but an action potential was triggered by direct stimulation when the extracellular Ca ion was totally replaced by Ba ion. Under the latter conditions spontaneous spike potentials occurred repetitively. ACh and substance P produced a large contraction without modifying the membrane potential. This was also the case in the presence of 5 mM Ba. These results suggest that substance P-ergic innervation may have a far lesser physiological significance than that which has been described in rabbits and that pure pharmaco-mechanical coupling is characteristic of the responses to acetylcholine, substance P, and nerve stimulation in the rat iris sphincter muscle. AUBanno H; Imaizumi Y; Watanabe M EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p905-11 MJAcetylcholine; Iris; Muscle, Smooth; Substance P MNBarium /PD; Calcium /PD; Capsaicin /PD; Electric Stimulation; Membrane Potentials /DE; Microelectrodes; Muscle Contraction /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-55-8 (Atropine); 71145-03-4 (Bay K 8644) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001185 TIBay K 8644, a dihydropyridine calcium agonist, augments vasoconstrictor responses to endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline in the peripheral vasculature of the dog. ABThe effect of Bay K 8644 (a substance known to increase calcium influx through the voltage-dependent calcium channel) on vasoconstrictor responses of resistance vessels to endogenous and exogenous noradrenaline (NA) was investigated in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs which had also undergone spinal anaesthesia and bilateral vagotomy and received atropine. In these dogs the saphenous arterial bed was perfused at fixed flow rates with autologous blood to give perfusion pressure close to the systemic blood pressure. Electrical stimulation (3-30 Hz) of the saphenous nerve and single intra-arterial (i.a.) injections of noradrenaline (NA, 0.03-3 micrograms) produced an increase in perfusion pressure (vasoconstriction) in a frequency- and a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Intra-arterial infusions of Bay K 8644 (3 and 10 micrograms min-1) per se produced no significant change in perfusion pressure. However, these infusions augmented vasoconstrictor responses to both saphenous nerve stimulation (endogenous NA) and i.a. NA (exogenous NA). These results suggest that augmentation by Bay K 8644 of vasoconstrictor responses of resistance vessels to endogenous and exogenous NA is probably due to promotion of the calcium influx through calcium channels closely associated with alpha-adrenoceptors in smooth muscle cells there. AUGoto T; Satoh K; Taira N EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p913-6 MJNifedipine; Norepinephrine; Vasoconstriction MNAtropine /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Nifedipine /PD; Vagotomy; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Female; Male RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 2763-96-4 (Muscimol); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 56-12-2 (GABA); 57-24-9 (Strychnine) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001186 TIAn unusual effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on synaptic transmission of frog tectal neurones in vitro. ABBath-applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhanced, in a dose-dependent fashion, the amplitude of optic nerve-evoked monosynaptic excitatory responses of the frog optic tectum superfused in vitro at 7 degrees C. Muscimol was more potent than GABA in eliciting similar effects. GABA-induced responses were antagonized by picrotoxin and were insensitive to bicuculline or strychnine. Raising the bath temperature to 20 degrees C reduced the potency of GABA on these preparations. No significant effect of GABA on the compound action potential of the whole optic nerve was found. These data indicate that GABA can amplify visual inputs to the tectum through bicuculline-insensitive mechanisms. AUNistri A; Sivilotti L EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p917-21 MJGABA; Neural Transmission; Neurons; Superior Colliculus MNAction Potentials /DE; Bicuculline /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evoked Potentials; Heat; Muscimol /PD; Optic Nerve /DE; Picrotoxin /PD; Rana Temporaria; Strychnine /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 72830-39-8 (oxmetidine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001187 TIEvidence that oxmetidine inhibits transmembrane-calcium flux in cardiac and vascular tissue. ABOxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-6)M, caused concentration-dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic responses in guinea-pig isolated heart preparations. Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-5)M, caused negative inotropic responses in guinea-pig papillary muscle preparations. The negative inotropic responses to oxmetidine were associated with shortening of the plateau phase of the action potential. Verapamil and nifedipine caused similar shortening of the plateau phase of the action potential at equivalent negative inotropic concentrations indicating that oxmetidine may also act as a calcium antagonist. In preparations partially depolarized by raising extracellular K+ concentration, oxmetidine also exhibited negative inotropic activity and reduced the calcium-dependent action potential. However, unlike verapamil and nifedipine, oxmetidine did not show voltage-dependent activity. Oxmetidine, at concentrations in excess of 1 X 10(-5)M, inhibited Ca2+-dependent contractions of dog saphenous vein preparations and inhibited 45Ca2+-uptake into veins depolarized by high extracellular K+. In vivo, these calcium antagonist actions of oxmetidine were demonstrated by vasodilatation, reduction in blood pressure, bradycardia and reduced cardiac output in anaesthetized cats. Oxmetidine, at concentrations of 1 X 10(-5)M and above, shows properties consistent with inhibition of transmembrane Ca2+ flux. This action can be distinguished from other calcium antagonists as the effects of oxmetidine are not voltage-dependent. AUGristwood RW; Jim KF; Macia RA; Matthews WD; Morl CJ; Owen DA EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p923-32 MJBlood Vessels /ME; Calcium; Imidazoles; Myocardium /ME MNAction Potentials /DE; Blood Vessels /DE; Cell Membrane /DE /ME; Depression, Chemical; Dogs; Electrophysiology; Guinea Pigs; Hemodynamics /DE; Mathematics; Myocardial Contraction /DE; Myocardium /CY; Nifedipine /PD; Potassium /ME; Verapamil /PD MTAnimal RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 50-36-2 (Cocaine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 60443-17-6 (procaterol); 72795-19-8 (ICI 118,551); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001188 TIIdentification of presynaptic beta 2-adrenoceptors on the sympathetic nerve fibres of the human pulmonary artery. ABStrips of human pulmonary arteries from patients undergoing surgery for lung tumour were incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline. Subsequently, they were superfused with physiological salt solution containing cocaine and corticosterone. Tritium overflow from the strips was stimulated by transmural electrical impulses (2 Hz). The electrically evoked overflow of tritium consisted of 91% unmetabolized [3H]-noradrenaline, and this percentage was not altered by isoprenaline. Adrenaline (in the presence of rauwolscine), isoprenaline and the preferential beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, procaterol, concentration-dependently increased the electrically evoked tritium overflow. Prenalterol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist with moderate preference for beta 1-adrenoceptors, was considerably less active than the previously mentioned agonists; noradrenaline (in the presence of rauwolscine) was ineffective. The concentration-response curve of procaterol was shifted to the right by the preferential beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118-551 but was not affected by the beta 1-selective antagonist, atenolol. Propranolol, but not atenolol, produced a shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of isoprenaline. It is concluded that the sympathetic nerve fibres of the human pulmonary artery are endowed with facilitatory presynaptic beta 2-adrenoceptors. AUGothert M ; Hentrich F EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p933-41 MJNerve Fibers; Pulmonary Artery; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta; Sympathetic Nervous System MNCocaine /PD; Corticosterone /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Ethanolamines /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Mathematics; Norepinephrine /ME; Propanolamines /PD; Yohimbine /PD MTHuman RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 551-11-1 (prostaglandin F2); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine); 64309-39-3 (2-(N,N-dipropyl); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) IS0007-1188 LAEnglish JCB00 SBM UI86001189 TIModification of dyskinesias following the intrastriatal injection of prostaglandins in the rodent. ABThe abilities of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), PGE2, PGD2 and PGF2 alpha to antagonize striatal dopamine function were assessed following bilateral and unilateral injections into the striata of the rat and guinea-pig. Three tests were used to assess the effects of the bilateral injections, ability to antagonize dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin (0.025 mg kg-1 s.c.), ability to antagonize stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.5 or 2 mg kg-1 s.c.) and ability to induce catalepsy. Asymmetry/circling behaviour revealed on challenge with apomorphine (0.25 mg kg-1 s.c.) was measured following unilateral injection into the striatum. In the rat, dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin was antagonized by PGE1 (0.001-1 micrograms) and PGE2 (0.00001-1 micrograms) but not by PGD2 or PGF2 alpha (1 microgram). Stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine was not antagonized by any of the prostaglandins. A weak catalepsy was induced by PGE1 (1 microgram only), PGE2 (0.001-1 micrograms) and PGD2 (0.001-1 micrograms) but not by PGF2 alpha. Asymmetry and circling behaviour was only observed following the unilateral injection into the striatum of PGE1 and PGD2 (0.01-1 microgram) and challenge with apomorphine. In the guinea-pig the actions of PGE1 and E2 were compared with those of PGF2 alpha. Dyskinetic biting induced by 2-di-n-propylamino-5,6-dihydroxytetralin was antagonized by bilateral injections into the striatum of PGE2 (0.001-1 microgram), but not PGE1 (0.5 micrograms) and PGF2 alpha (1 microgram) but not PGE, (0.5 micrograms) and PGF2 alpha (1 microgram).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUCostall B; Holmes SW; Kelly ME; Naylor RJ EM8601 SOBr J Pharmacol (England), Aug 1985, 85(4) p943-9 MJCorpus Striatum; Movement Disorders; Prostaglandins D /PD; Prostaglandins E /PD; Prostaglandins F /PD MNAlprostadil /AD /PD; Apomorphine /PD; Dopamine /PH; Guinea Pigs; Laterality; Prostaglandins D /AD; Prostaglandins E /AD; Prostaglandins F /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine /ME; Stereotyped Behavior /DE; Tetrahydronaphthalenes /AI MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001190 TIGenetic counselling for schizophrenia. ABIt is possible that genes contributing to the development of schizophrenia may be identified within the next decade. Genetic methods are improving rapidly, and are surrounded by great public interest. Requests for genetic counselling are keeping pace with this increased attention, but the problems faced by psychiatric genetic counsellors are complex, and the experience of offering such counselling and the issues involved are rarely discussed. In this context the paper describes a year's work counselling for schizophrenia in the Maudsley Hospital Genetic Clinic. AUReveley A EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p107-12 MJGenetic Counseling; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Pedigree; Schizophrenia /PC MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001191 TIDepression in general practice: case thresholds and diagnosis. ABUsing multiple diagnostic and epidemiological criteria, three samples of general practice (GP) depressives were studied: those prescribed a new course of antidepressants, those given other treatment, and those missed by the GP. The majority of patients qualified as psychiatric cases on the PSE Index of Definition, the Bedford College Criteria, and the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Most satisfied diagnostic criteria for depression, or (fewer) anxiety. The disorders were relatively mild and often borderline on all three systems. Depressives given other treatment most often failed to meet diagnostic criteria. About half the antidepressant treated patients received RDC diagnoses of major depression. Among the other treatment sample, only one-fifth met these criteria, and half had non-depressive diagnoses. Most cases of depression treated by GPs satisfy criteria for psychiatric disorder, but tend to be relatively mild and borderline in quality. AUSireling LI; Paykel ES; Freeling P; Rao BM; Patel SP EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p113-9 MJDepressive Disorder MNAdolescence; Adult; Antidepressive Agents /TU; Anxiety Disorders /DI; Depressive Disorder /DT; Diagnostic Errors; Family Practice; Middle Age; Tranquilizing Agents /TU MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001192 TIDepression in general practice: clinical features and comparison with out-patients. ABGeneral practice (GP) depressives prescribed an antidepressant were compared with those given other treatment, and with antidepressant-treated psychiatric out-patient depressives. GP depressives were considerably less severely ill than out-patients, with fewer depressive symptoms and shorter illness, as well as less primary and less endogenous depression. The two groups of GP depressives differed less, but those receiving other treatment tended to have less severe depression than those receiving antidepressants and were less likely to satisfy diagnostic criteria for depression. Depressives in GP differ considerably in clinical characteristics from psychiatric out-patient depressives, and clinical features influence the GP's decision to treat with antidepressants. AUSireling LI; Freeling P; Paykel ES; Rao BM EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p119-26 MJDepressive Disorder MNAdolescence; Adult; Antidepressive Agents /TU; Depressive Disorder /DT; Family Practice; Middle Age; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Referral and Consultation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001194 TIA survey of serum antibodies to eight common viruses in psychiatric patients. ABSerum antibody titres to eight neurotropic viruses were measured by enzyme immunoassay in 450 psychiatric in-patients and 143 controls. A seasonal variation in schizophrenic births was observed, with a peak incidence between March and April. Both herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus antibody titres correlated with age and, when this was controlled for, no significant differences emerged between any patient group and the controls. Mumps antibody titres were significantly lower in patients with mental subnormal and neurosis or personality disorder; measles and rubella antibody titres were lower in male but not female mentally handicapped patients; males had lower antibody titres to mumps, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus than females in all groups. A decrease in mumps antibody titres was also found in schizophrenics if the medication factor was excluded. These low antibody titres may indicate an impaired immune response. Thus perinatal or childhood subclinical viral infections of the central nervous system, particularly of mumps, might lead to a range of possible psychiatric outcomes in later life. AUKing DJ; Cooper SJ; Earle JA; Martin SJ; McFerran NV; Rima BK; Wisdom GB EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p137-44 MJAntibodies, Viral; Mental Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Disorders /IM; Age Factors; Aged; Alcoholism /IM; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; Dementia /IM; Epilepsy /IM; Epstein-Barr Virus /IM; Measles Virus /IM; Mental Retardation /IM; Middle Age; Mumps Virus /IM; Personality Disorders /IM; Rubella Virus /IM; Schizophrenia /IM; Seasons MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001195 TISerum and CSF antibody titres to seven common viruses in schizophrenic patients. ABCSF and matched serum antibody titres to seven common viruses were measured in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients, and 17 of these were age and sex-matched with orthopaedic controls. CT scans were carried out in patients and age and sex-matched radiological controls. There was a trend for CSF viral antibody titres (except CMV, HSV and VZV) to be decreased in the patients compared to controls, statistically significant for mumps and IgG. The CSF/serum ratios showed a reduction in the patients, compared to controls, statistically significant for measles and rubella as well as mumps and IgG. Cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased in the patients compared to controls, but did not correlate with any of the antibody data. These findings suggest that there is a reduced immune response to certain common viruses in the CNS of schizophrenic patients, but possible effects of institutionalisation or current medication could only be adequately excluded by further prospective studies. AUKing DJ; Cooper SJ; Earle JA; Martin SJ; McFerran NV; Wisdom GB EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p145-9 MJAntibodies, Viral; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Antibodies, Viral /CF; Brain /RA; Cytomegaloviruses /IM; IgG /CF; Measles Virus /IM; Middle Age; Mumps Virus /IM; Rubella Virus /IM; Sex Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ventriculography, Cerebral MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001196 TIHow likely is it that a district health authority can close its large mental hospitals? ABA cross-sectional survey assessed all 1,087 patients who were in psychiatric beds provided by a large district health authority. The elderly predominated in all length of stay categories, and a high proportion of them had levels of social and physical incapacity which made it unlikely that they could be cared for other than in residential care. A substantial minority of younger patients with a length of stay between one and two years had levels of incapacity which suggested the need for major treatment, rehabilitation, or training efforts. The findings have major implications for Government policy to replace large mental hospitals. AULevene LS; Donaldson LJ; Brandon S EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p150-5 MJHealth Facilities; Health Facility Closure; Hospitals, Psychiatric MNActivities of Daily Living; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross Sectional Studies; England; Length of Stay; Middle Age; Social Behavior; Urinary Incontinence /OC MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001197 TIFamily management in the prevention of morbidity of schizophrenia: the adjustment of the family unit. ABChanges in the functioning of family members were assessed during a randomly controlled study of community management of schizophrenia. Eighteen families who completed two years community management based upon behavioural family therapy were compared with 18 families who received patient oriented management with family support. Families receiving family management reported less disruption of activities, reductions in physical and mental health problems, and less subjective burden than those receiving the patient oriented approach. It is concluded that the benefits of family management extend beyond the reduction in clinical and social morbidity of the index patient to beneficial effects for the family as a whole. AUFalloon IR; Pederson J EM8601 IDMH 33138 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p156-63 MJFamily Therapy; Schizophrenia; Social Adjustment MNLife Change Events; Parents /PX; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Behavior Disorders /PX MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001198 TIThe pattern and prevalence of symptoms during the menstrual cycle. ABOne hundred volunteers completed a modified version of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire daily for 35 days. The purpose of the study was disguised. None of the participants was taking oral contraceptives. Significantly more symptoms were reported in the premenstrual and menstrual phases and fewer during the follicular phase of the cycle, but the pattern of response varied considerably between subjects. Symptom reporting was higher, in all phases of the cycle, in women with high trait anxiety or psychiatric morbidity (indexed by the General Health Questionnaire) but these measures did not relate to fluctuations of symptoms around the menstrual cycle. The need for prospective longitudinal studies of menstrual cycle symptomatology is emphasised. AUvan den Akker O; Steptoe A EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p164-9 MJAffective Symptoms /PX; Menstrual Cycle MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Symptoms /OC; Anxiety /OC; Body Temperature; Follicular Phase; Menstruation; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001199 TIThe role of meals as a reinforcing event in a token economy programme. ABItems such as meals have frequently been used as back-up events in Token Economy Programmes (TEPs) because of their supposed reinforcing effectiveness. However, despite the dubious ethical questions that this raises, there is little research evidence to support the necessity for their use in TEP's with hospitalised chronic mentally ill patients. The effects of introducing meals as a 'free' item on patients' performance of a number of target behaviours were investigated in a TEP where they had previously been scheduled as a back-up event. While 'free' meals produced a slight increase in the actual number of meals eaten, there were no systematic effects on patients' performance of the target behaviours. AUHigson PJ; Woods PA; Tannahill MM; Ellis NC EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p170-4 MJFood; Reinforcement (Psychology); Token Economy MNSchizophrenia /TH; Schizophrenic Psychology; Social Behavior MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001200 TIHome care for chronic mental illness in Bangalore: an experiment in the prevention of repeated hospitalization. ABThe article describes the outcome of a comparative study of home care, by a trained nurse, versus hospital out-patient supervision in the management of chronic psychiatric patients in Bangalore, India. Twenty-five patients, with a mean duration of illness of nine years, were started on the home care programme while a matched control group of 25 similar patients continued the regular out-patient contact offered by the hospital. Comparative assessments were carried out on the groups at the time of intake and again after two years. The results indicate that hospital admission was less often needed among the home care group. AUPai S; Channabasavanna SM; Nagarajaiah; Raghuram R EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p175-9 MJHome Care Services; Mental Disorders MNAdult; Bipolar Disorder /TH; Chronic Disease; Epilepsy /TH; India; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Patient Readmission; Schizophrenia /TH; Social Class; Social Support MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001201 TIAgeing and affective disorders: the age at first onset of affective disorders in Scotland, 1969-1978. ABFirst admission rates from 1969-78 for Scottish psychiatric units were calculated for discharge diagnoses of affective psychosis for each five-year age-group from 15 years to over 74 years. There were clear-cut linear increases in rates of depressive psychoses, mania, and all affective psychoses, consistent with a relatively steady increase in the rate of first-onset affective psychoses with increasing age. These findings are discussed in terms of social, psychological, and biological hypotheses of the causes of affective disorder. It is argued that no single factor could produce the observed linear increases with age and that the data appear more consistent with an integrative aetiological model of affective disorder. AUEagles JM; Whalley LJ EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p180-7 MJAffective Disorders, Psychotic /OC; Aging MNAdolescence; Adult; Affective Disorders, Psychotic /ET; Aged; Bipolar Disorder /ET /OC; Depressive Disorder /ET /OC; Manic Disorder /ET /OC; Middle Age; Scotland; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001202 TIThe bereaved child: variables influencing early psychopathology. ABThis is a 13-month follow-up study of 105 two to 17 year-old children bereaved of one parent, with 85 controls. Data were gathered on physical and mental health in the children and surviving parents, the child's sex and age and the bereaved parent's sex and psychopathology being included as risk factors. Dysphoria, falling school performance and withdrawn behaviour were significantly increased in bereaved children of both sexes at all ages, while temper tantrums, bedwetting and the depressive syndrome only increased in the age and sex categories normally associated with these conditions. A global index of psychopathology was increased compared with controls on most subgroups of bereaved children (P less than 0.0001), the highest scores for both sexes being associated with having a mentally ill (usually depressed) widowed mother. The results are discussed and suggestions made for future research. AUVan Eerdewegh MM; Clayton PJ; Van Eerdewegh P EM8601 IDMH25430; MH21027 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p188-94 MJAttitude to Death; Child Behavior Disorders; Depression; Psychophysiologic Disorders MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Schools; Sex Factors; Sleep Disorders /ET MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001203 TINotification of addicts and the medical practitioner: an evaluation of the system. AUStrang J; Shah A EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p195-8 MJRegistries; Substance Dependence MNDrug and Narcotic Control /LJ; England; Family Practice; Records; Retrospective Studies MTHuman RN298-46-4 (Carbamazepine) IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001204 TIAn open clinical trial of carbamazepine in treatment-resistant bipolar and schizo-affective psychotics. AUElphick M EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p198-200 MJBipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine /TU; Psychotic Disorders MNAdult; Carbamazepine /AE; Clinical Trials; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001205 TILycanthropy lives on. AUColl PG; O'Sullivan G; Browne PJ EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p201-2 MJDelusions; Depersonalization Disorder MNAged; Aggression; Delusions /TH; Electroconvulsive Therapy MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001206 TI1,250 electroconvulsive treatments without evidence of brain injury. AULippman S; Manshadi M; Wehry M; Byrd R; Past W; Keller W; Schuster J; Elam S; Meyer D; O'Daniel R EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p203-4 MJBipolar Disorder /TH; Brain Injuries; Brain; Electroconvulsive Therapy MNAged; Bipolar Disorder /PA; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001207 TIResults of investigations in 150 demented patients consecutively admitted to a psychiatric hospital. AURenvoize EB; Gaskell RK; Klar HM EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p204-5 MJDementia MNAged; Alcoholism /CO; Brain Neoplasms /CO; Dementia /TH; Levodopa /AE; Meningioma /CO; Middle Age; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency /CO MTFemale; Human; Male RN36322-90-4 (piroxicam); 554-13-2 (lithium carbonate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001208 TIAn interaction between lithium carbonate and piroxicam presenting as lithium toxicity. AUWalbridge DG; Bazire SR EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p206-7 MJAnalgesics; Lithium; Thiazines MNAtaxia /CI; Bipolar Disorder /DT; Confusion /CI; Drug Interactions; Middle Age; Osteoarthritis /DT; Tremor /CI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001209 TIUnderstanding the Italian experience [letter] AURamon S EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p208-9 MJHealth Facilities; Health Facility Closure; Mental Health Services MNItaly RN846-49-1 (Lorazepam) IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001210 TILorazepam dependence and chronic psychosis [letter] AUFraser AA; Ingram IM EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p211 MJLorazepam; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Schizophrenia; Substance Dependence MNAdult; Diagnosis, Differential MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001211 TIDupuytren's disease and mental handicap [letter] AUJancar J; Griffiths HE; Sawdon B EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p211-2 MJDupuytren's Contracture; Mental Retardation MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1250 LAEnglish JCB1K SBM UI86001212 TISeason of birth of schizophrenics in Hong Kong [letter] AULo CW EM8601 SOBr J Psychiatry (England), Aug 1985, 147 p212-3 MJSchizophrenia /OC; Seasons MNHong Kong; Infant, Newborn; Schizophrenia /FG MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001213 TICognitive science and behaviourism. ABIn this paper it is argued that cognitive scientists, claiming the support of brain science and computer simulation, have revived a traditional view that behaviour is initiated by an internal, autonomous mind. In doing so, they have misused the metaphor of storage and retrieval, given neurology a misleading assignment, frequently replaced controlled experimental conditions with mere descriptions of conditions and the assessment of behaviour with statements of expectations and intentions, given feelings and states of mind the status of causes of behaviour rather than the products of the causes, and failed to define many key terms in dimensions acceptable to science. AUSkinner BF EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p291-301 MJBehaviorism; Cognition MNAffect /PH; Behavior /PH; Brain /PH; Cognition /PH; Perception /PH MTHuman IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001214 TIThe locus of the Stroop effect: one site masquerading as two? ABTwo experiments are reported, which used modifications to the normal Stroop task. Both required cued responses, the first being designed to eliminate interference at the output stage, and the second being an attempt to rule out interference before the output. In both cases interference effects persisted. The results are considered to support Seymour's (1977) account of overlapping conceptual codes. AUNaish PL EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p303-10 MJColor Perception; Semantics MNDiscrimination Learning; Reaction Time; Reading MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001215 TIOrthographic and phonetic coding in developmental dyslexia. ABMemory coding in dyslexic readers and reading-age-matched controls was investigated using cued recall. In the first phase of the experiment subjects made rhyme judgements about pairs of words. In the second phase one member of each pair (the cue) was used to cue recall of the other member of the pair (the target). Cues and targets were either rhyming and orthographically similar, rhyming and orthographically distinct, orthographically similar and not rhyming, or unrelated. Dyslexics were as accurate at detecting rhyme compared to the reading-age-matched controls; however, they were slower and were subject to a greater orthography effect (Seidenberg & Tanenhaus, 1979). Overall memory performance did not differ between the two groups. However, dyslexics were found to make more use of an orthographic code with both visual and auditory presentation. They made less use of a phonetic code in the visual but not the auditory condition. The results support the view that dyslexics have less easy access to a phonological code in memory, but they are able to compensate for this by increased use of a visual/orthographic code. AURack JP EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p325-40 MJDyslexia; Memory; Paired-Associate Learning; Phonetics; Recall MNChild; Semantics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1269 LAEnglish JCB1S SBM UI86001216 TIIdentity priming in the recognition of familiar faces. ABMorton (1969) proposed that word recognition is mediated by logogens--threshold devices whose thresholds would be lowered after 'firing' and only slowly return to near their original levels. Extension and revision of the original logogen model has occurred in response to results obtained in experiments which examine the effect of previous exposure to an item on later recognition thresholds. On the basis of results obtained in such identity priming studies, Warren & Morton (1982) argued that picture recognition might be mediated by pictogens--threshold devices which respond when any picture of an object is seen. Warren & Morton found that recognition of a pictured object was facilitated by earlier exposure to the same or a different picture of the object, but was not facilitated by earlier exposure to the object's name. Recently, several authors have suggested that face recognition might be mediated by units somewhat analogous to logogens or pictogens. In order to explore this analogy, Warren & Morton's procedure of identity priming in picture recognition was adopted to examine identity priming in the recognition of famous faces. When the recognition test involved naming a celebrity's face, identity priming was obtained from prior exposure to the celebrity's name, a different picture or the same picture as that used in the test. If the procedure was modified so that subsequent recognition did not require retrieval of the name, a pattern consistent with the word and picture recognition literature was found. Prior exposure to either a different or the same picture produced a priming effect but prior exposure to the celebrity's name did not. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis of face recognition units. Differences between face recognition units and pictogens are also discussed. AUBruce V; Valentine T EM8601 SOBr J Psychol (England), Aug 1985, 76 ( Pt 3) p373-83 MJForm Perception; Memory; Recall; Set (Psychology) MNDiscrimination Learning MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-6665 LAEnglish JCB23 SBM UI86001217 TIDelinquent behaviour and attitudes to formal authority. ABA scale was developed to assess attitudes towards formal authority in the school and in the public domain (police and law). Data derived from a sample of young adolescents (13 years) indicated that attitudes towards authority in these two domains were highly rated (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001). Factor analysis yielded four interpretable factors--alienation from the institutional system, belief in the absolute priority of rules, perception of the bias vs. impartiality of authorities, and personal relationship to school life--accounting for 47.6, 13.9, 9.3 and 8.0 per cent of common variance respectively. Both overall attitude scores and factor scores were significantly related to self-reported delinquencies. Finally, covariance analysis of the results indicated that the attitude variable accounted for a substantial proportion of the sex difference in delinquency. AUReicher S; Emler N EM8601 SOBr J Soc Psychol (England), Sep 1985, 24 ( Pt 3) p161-8 MJAttitude; Juvenile Delinquency; Social Control, Formal MNAdolescence; Psychological Tests; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0144-6665 LAEnglish JCB23 SBM UI86001218 TIPredicting our own aggression: person, subculture or situation? ABUsing a self-report technique, teenaged subjects (stratified by sex and social class) were asked to report their predicted behaviour over 24 conflict scenarios involving 12 male and 12 female targets. In terms of degree of aggression predicted, there was a strong effect of situation. Towards male targets, lower middle-class subjects were more aggressive than upper middle-class subjects and males were more aggressive than females. With respect to female targets, the social class difference again appeared but there was no simple sex difference. The interaction of sex and social class indicated that lower middle-class females were most aggressive toward female targets. Cross-situational consistency was low even controlling for class and sex, indicating little support for a generalized 'aggressive personality'. The most powerful single effect was the situation being judged. Feature analysis of situations tending to produce fight vs. flight responses suggested that flight is associated with perceived high risk encounters whereas fighting is the modal response in 'fair fight' situations where the risk of injury is lower. It is suggested that impression management concerns operate only in these low risk situations. AUCampbell A; Bibel D; Muncer S EM8601 SOBr J Soc Psychol (England), Sep 1985, 24 ( Pt 3) p169-80 MJAggression; Self Concept; Social Environment MNAdolescence; Personality; Risk; Set (Psychology); Sex Factors; Social Class MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001220 TIExperimental wound healing: increased breaking strength and collagen synthetic activity in abdominal fascial wounds healing with secondary closure of the skin. ABDelayed primary closure or secondary closure of skin and subcutaneous fat in contaminated laparotomy incisions virtually eliminates the risk of wound abscess in clinical practice. Incisional hernias rarely develop in these wounds. This experimental study offers a possible explanation. Longitudinal incisions in the linea alba of female Wistar rats healed under skin incisions which were either sutured ('closed' subgroup) or left to close by secondary intention ('open' subgroup). Postoperative breaking strengths and collagen contents (measured as hydroxyproline) were studied at intervals of 3-120 days. Measurable strength developed by 5 days, at which time 'open' subgroup wounds were found to be weaker and to have less collagen. At all other times, however, 'open' subgroup wounds were stronger, a property which could be ascribed at earlier, but not at later, periods (42 or 120 days), to a higher content and concentration of collagen. At 3 days the rate of collagen production was significantly (P less than 0.025) lower in 'open' than in 'closed' subgroup wounds but the converse was true at 6 and 9 days (P less than 0.025), thus accounting for the changes in biomechanical properties. It is suggested that initially the stimulus for collagen synthesis is greater in the 'open' wounds and this leads to the development of a collagenous structure which is better adapted to resist tensile forces. AUScott PG; Chambers M; Johnson BW; Williams HT EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p777-9 MJAbdominal Wall; Fascia; Hydroxyproline; Wound Healing MNCollagen /BI; Laparotomy; Postoperative Period; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Skin /SU; Tensile Strength MTAnimal; Female IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001221 TIThe effect of antiseptics on the healing wound: a study using the rabbit ear chamber. ABThe effects of several antiseptic agents on granulation tissue were studied using rabbit ear chambers as models of the healing wound. This enabled us to study dynamically the action of these agents on the microcirculation of the wound. All the agents tested caused some adverse effect, but in the cases of hypochlorite antiseptics Eusol and Chloramine T, blood flow in the capillary circulation of the granulation tissue ceased and the process of repair was subsequently delayed. A laser Doppler flowmeter was used to measure these changes in local perfusion which reflected the toxic effects seen on microscopy of the ear chamber. AUBrennan SS; Leaper DJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p780-2 MJAnti-Infective Agents, Local; Wound Healing MNEar, External /PH; Granulation Tissue /BS /DE; Microcirculation /DE; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001222 TIInfluence of diabetes mellitus on operative risk. ABIn a retrospective study postoperative morbidity was compared between 224 patients with diabetes mellitus and 224 non-diabetic control patients matched with regard to operative procedure (major vascular, abdominal and acute surgery for hip fracture), sex, age, complicating cardiovascular disease and weight. Forty-six patients in each group had complications, without any trend towards specific morbidity in the diabetic group. Incidence of morbidity was similar in diabetic patients treated with insulin, oral antidiabetic agents or diet. Diabetic patients with complications had significantly (P less than 0.01) lower blood glucose pre- and postoperatively than those without complications. The risk of overlooking (type II error) a 25 per cent increase in complication rate in the diabetic patients was less than 10 per cent and the risk of overlooking a 50 per cent increase in morbidity less than 0.5 per cent. These results do not support the common belief that diabetes per se may increase surgical risk. AUHjortrup A; Sorensen C; Dyremose E; Hjortso NC; Kehlet H EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p783-5 MJDiabetes Mellitus; Surgery, Operative MNAged; Blood Glucose /AN; Cardiovascular Diseases /ET; Postoperative Complications /ET; Retrospective Studies; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male RN37270-89-6 (calciparin); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001223 TIEfficacy and safety of low-molecular-weight heparin (CY216) in preventing postoperative venous thrombo-embolism: a co-operative study. ABThe efficacy and safety of a low-molecular-weight (LMW) heparin fraction in preventing postoperative venous thrombo-embolism, was assessed in a double blind, randomly allocated trial, and in an 'open' study. Of 395 patients included in the double blind trial, 199 received unfractionated (UF) calcium heparin, and 196 the LMW heparin fraction. The data were analysed on an 'intention to treat' basis. The two groups were well matched for risk factors which could predispose to the development of venous thrombosis. Fifteen (7.5 per cent) of one hundred and ninety-nine patients receiving UF heparin, and five (2.5 per cent) of one hundred and ninety-six patients in the LMW heparin group developed DVT (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of excessive incisional or total blood loss during surgery, postoperative drainage or wound haematoma formation. Of 910 patients included in the 'open' study who received a single injection of LMW heparin every day, 30 (3.2 per cent) died during the postoperative period; in none of the autopsied patients were pulmonary emboli detected. Thirty-one (3.4 per cent) patients developed isotopic DVT; twenty-seven (2.9 per cent) were receiving prophylaxis at the time the DVT was diagnosed. Thirty-six (3.9 per cent) patients developed wound haematoma; twenty-five (12.4 per cent) of those were in the two hundred and one undergoing surgery for gynaecological conditions, and eleven (1.5 per cent) in the seven hundred and nine patients having general abdominal surgery. This difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The results of a double blind trial indicate that a single daily injection of 1850 APTT units (7500 antifactor Xa units) of a LMW heparin is more effective than 10 000 APTT units of commercially available UF heparin in preventing postoperative DVT. The findings of the 'open' study suggest that this regimen also provides an effective prophylaxis against post-operative major pulmonary embolism. AUKakkar VV; Murray WJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p786-91 MJHeparin; Thromboembolism MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Molecular Weight; Postoperative Complications /PC; Pulmonary Embolism /PC; Risk MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001224 TIEffects of bile, infection and pressure on pancreatic duct integrity. ABIonic flux, potential difference and mucosal ultrastructure have been studied in the rat bile-pancreatic duct and the effects of pressure, bile and infection on the duct evaluated. The duct remained stable after perfusion with control solution under low pressure and high pressure produced widening of intercellular spaces only. Perfusion with a bacterial solution of Escherichia coli did not effect significant changes. Sterile human bile disturbed the integrity of the duct by increasing ionic flux, altering potential difference and producing reversible ultrastructural changes of cell oedema. High pressure increased these changes. Infected human bile under high or low pressure was by far the most toxic substance tested. Perfusion with infected bile led to irreversible duct damage and complete loss of duct integrity. Pressure and infected bile may have a role in damaging duct integrity and could thus play an integral part in the genesis of acute gallstone pancreatitis. AUArmstrong CP; Taylor TV; Torrance HB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p792-5 MJBile; Pancreatic Ducts MNEscherichia Coli Infections /PA; Escherichia Coli /IP; Microscopy, Electron; Perfusion; Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001225 TIPancreatic resection for severe acute pancreatitis. ABNon-operative management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis carries a mortality of up to 80 per cent. Over the last 6 years we have pursued an aggressive policy of intensive supportive therapy followed by pancreatic resection in those patients with this severe form of the disease. We have managed 15 patients in this way, 14 by subtotal pancreatic resection (usually body and tail of the gland) and one by total pancreatectomy; 7 had early overwhelming multi-system failure with a median of 4 positive prognostic factors whilst 8 were operated on later between 3 and 8 weeks (plus one at 32 weeks) and had varying clinical pictures. Eight patients had ischaemia of the transverse colon which was noted at operation in four, and presented postoperatively in the remainder. Re-operation was necessary in 13 patients to remove further slough or resect ischaemic bowel. Five patients (33 per cent) died between 10 days and 4 weeks postoperatively, death being due to sepsis and multi-system failure in four and a massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage in one. Of the ten survivors, four require insulin. Timely excision of necrotic pancreatic tissue combined with intensive supportive therapy may help reduce the high mortality in this condition. AUAldridge MC; Ornstein M; Glazer G; Dudley HA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p796-800 MJPancreatectomy; Pancreatitis /SU MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Necrosis; Pancreas /PA; Pancreatectomy /MO; Pancreatitis /PA; Postoperative Complications /ET; Reoperation MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001226 TIConservative pancreatectomy. ABBy convention, resection of the proximal pancreas includes the distal stomach (and duodenum) and resection of the distal pancreas includes the spleen. In 28 patients the stomach and spleen were preserved to minimize functional disability. In 13 patients with proximal pancreatectomy (7 men, median age 39 years) the pylorus and first 3 cm of duodenum were preserved. Indications were chronic pancreatitis (n = 9) and localized neoplasia (ampulla 2, duodenum 1, insulinoma 1). One patient died (aged 81 years), and 2 required re-operation for a pancreatic abscess or stenosed choledochojejunostomy. The 12 survivors are well at a median of 1.25 years (range 0.25-3.25 years). In 15 patients with distal pancreatectomy (6 men, median age 44 years) the spleen was preserved. Indications were islet cell tumour in 2 and chronic abdominal pain in 13,9 of whom had an isolated dorsal pancreas and 6 of whom had histological evidence of chronic pancreatitis. Recovery was uneventful apart from 2 patients with a fluid collection in the lesser sac, 1 needing percutaneous aspiration. In the absence of gross inflammatory adherence, partial pancreatectomy need not entail removal of the adjacent stomach or spleen. AUCooper MJ; Williamson RC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p801-3 MJPancreatectomy MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Pancreatic Neoplasms /SU; Pancreatitis /SU; Splenectomy; Stomach /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001227 TIGastro-oesophageal reflux and oesophagitis before and after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer. ABFifty patients undergoing elective vagotomy for the treatment of chronic duodenal ulceration have been investigated pre-operatively and again 3 months postoperatively to determine the extent and severity of associated gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pre-operatively all patients had a normal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure but 50 per cent had symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux, 42 per cent had excessive reflux on 24 h pH monitoring and 30 per cent had oesophagitis on endoscopy and/or oesophageal biopsy. Postoperatively, reflux symptoms were present in only 12 per cent of patients but pH studies were still abnormal in 36 per cent and oesophagitis was observed in 32 per cent. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was unaffected by vagotomy. Gastro-oesophageal reflux is common in pre-operative duodenal ulcer patients and is not significantly reduced by vagotomy. Careful pre-operative oesophageal assessment is necessary to determine which duodenal ulcer patients require an anti-reflux procedure in addition to vagotomy. AUFlook D; Stoddard CJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p804-7 MJDuodenal Ulcer /SU; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Vagotomy MNChronic Disease; Duodenal Ulcer /CO; Esophagogastric Junction /PP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pressure; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001228 TIPyloric reconstruction. ABFourteen patients with persistent and severe postcibal symptoms following vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer had the pylorus reconstructed. A dumping provocation test was useful in patient selection and evaluation of results. When assessed between 6 months and 3 years after operation, nine patients had an excellent or good result and three were improved. Surgical technique is relatively simple and the operation should be considered and practised more often than it seems to be from documented experience. AUKoruth NM; Krukowski ZH; Matheson NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p808-10 MJPylorus MNAdult; Diarrhea /SU; Dumping Syndrome /SU; Duodenal Ulcer /SU; Postoperative Complications /SU; Time Factors; Vagotomy MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001229 TIMalignant melanoma of the hand and foot: diagnosis and management. ABForty-six patients with melanoma of the hand (5) and foot (41) studied prospectively between 1972-84 have been reviewed to determine guidelines for diagnosis and management. The clinical appearance is varied and the lesions are often misdiagnosed as warts or fungal infections. Clinical assessment of tumour thickness on the sole is difficult because of the nature of the plantar skin. Incision rather than excision biopsy is indicated because of the functional consequences of large excisions on the hand and foot. Melanoma of the toe was treated by local metatarsophalangeal amputation. Plantar melanomas were excised with a 3 cm margin. Dorsum melanomas were treated by a selective policy of 1, 2 or 3 cm margins according to clinical assessment of tumour thickness. These policies have resulted in only one case of local recurrence. An in situ Silastic foam mould facilitates immediate application of split skin grafts to irregular areas. The functional results of split skin grafts on sole and heel have been satisfactory. Toe lesions were thickest, dorsum thinnest, sole and heel intermediate. The prognosis related to these groupings of tumour thickness. Simultaneous clinical nodal involvement carried a hopeless prognosis, and most patients developing nodes within 2 years die--unless treated by prophylactic dissection. The role of prophylactic dissection is still not defined, but it is likely that it will be used more frequently in the future. Early diagnosis offers most hope of improving the outlook. Many elderly patients with nodular lesions have had moles for many years. Younger patients are now being seen with thin lesions, even on the toe. AUHughes LE; Horgan K; Taylor BA; Laidler P EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p811-5 MJFoot Diseases /SU; Hand; Melanoma /SU; Skin Neoplasms /SU MNAdult; Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; Foot Diseases /DI; Melanoma /DI; Methods; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms /DI; Skin /TR MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001230 TIThe detection of renal allograft rejection by fine-needle intrarenal manometry. ABThe causes of early renal allograft malfunction include rejection, acute tubular necrosis, cyclosporin nephrotoxicity and vascular complications. Fine-needle intrarenal manometry is a potential method of distinguishing rejection from the other causes of malfunction and has been used by Salaman and Griffin in patients' treated with cyclosporin. The technique involves inserting a fine-needle, which is connected to a specially designed manometer, into the substance of the transplant kidney. One hundred and six measurements of intrarenal pressure have been made in 28 patients immunosuppressed with either azathioprine and prednisolone or cyclosporin. Thirteen rejection episodes were identified and confirmed by biopsy. These were treated by pulse steroid (methylprednisolone) therapy. Seven episodes of cyclosporin toxicity were identified and there were fifteen episodes of acute tubular necrosis. The mean intrarenal pressure in the rejecting group was 52.8 mmHg compared with 22.3, 24.1 and 24.3 mmHg for the normal function, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity groups, respectively (P less than 0.01; Wilcoxon unpaired test). There were no differences within these groups related to the type of immunosuppression used. There were no clinical complications associated with the procedure. Thus in newly transplanted patients, fine-needle intrarenal manometry accurately identified rejection and distinguished it from normal function, acute tubular necrosis and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in all the patients regardless of the immunosuppressants used. AUWilson RG; Taylor RM; Proud G EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p816-8 MJGraft Rejection; Kidney /TR MNCyclosporins /AE; Kidney Diseases /CI; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute /DI; Kidney /PP; Manometry /MT; Needles; Postoperative Complications /DI; Pressure MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001231 TICAPD and renal transplantation. ABContinuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is believed to improve the immune competence of end-stage renal failure patients and to increase the risk of graft rejection following subsequent renal transplantation. At this centre, 220 consecutive renal transplants have been studied in patients treated by either CAPD or haemodialysis (HD). Patient and graft survival was not significantly different for the two treatment groups over a five year follow-up. When only first cadaver recipients were considered (152 grafts) one-year graft survival (non-immunological failures excluded) was 77 per cent for CAPD and 79 per cent for HD patients (P greater than 0.05). Time on dialysis and number of pre-operative transfusions were significantly greater for the HD patients (P less than 0.05). A group of HD and CAPD patients were identified as being matched for age, sex, HLA, A, B, DR antigen matches, pre-operative transfusions and time-on dialysis. One-year graft survival of the CAPD patients was 82 per cent and for the HD patients 61 per cent. Studies of patient lymphocyte function and plasma suppressive activity in vitro revealed no differences between CAPD and HD treated patients. CAPD is not an immunological risk factor in renal transplantation and its continued use in the preparation of patients for transplantation is recommended. AUDonnelly PK; Shenton BK; Lennard TW; Proud G; Taylor RM EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p819-21 MJKidney; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Preoperative Care MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Graft Survival; Hemodialysis; Immunocompetence; Lymphocyte Transformation; Middle Age; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory /AE; Risk MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001232 TIEndoscopic management of upper urinary tract stones. ABSince 1981, 525 renal and ureteric calculi have been removed with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCN) or transurethral ureteroscopy as the primary modalities of therapy. Successful extraction of the stone at the first attempt was achieved in 92 per cent of cases by PCN and 70 per cent of cases by ureteroscopy, whilst further endoscopic surgery improved the overall success rates to 98 per cent and to 80 per cent respectively. Complication rates from these procedures have both been low as has the morbidity, with most patients leaving hospital within 4 days and returning to work within 2 weeks. The successful development of endoscopic lithotomy and the use of in situ destruction techniques has meant that we now reserve open surgery for difficult multibranched staghorn calculi and ureteric stones embedded in the urothelium. With the advent of extracorporeally generated shockwave lithotripsy it is likely that even these types of stone will be amenable to minimally invasive procedures. AUPayne SR; Ford TF; Wickham JE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p822-4 MJKidney Calculi; Ureteral Calculi MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Endoscopy; Length of Stay; Lithotripsy; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001233 TIUse of a ringed intraluminal graft in the operative management of abdominal aortic aneurysms. ABThe efficacy of a non-sutured technique of anastomosis has been assessed in 20 patients who had bifurcated grafts inserted for aneurysms of the infrarenal aorta. The grafts had rigid Dacron-covered metal rings incorporated at each end and the anastomoses were effected by securing these rings within the lumen of the vessel with a firmly tied Dacron tape. In order to allow access of the ring to the lumen of the aorta it was necessary to employ an intraluminal occlusion balloon catheter for proximal control. The patients included in the study formed a particularly high risk group. There were 12 emergency and 8 elective procedures. The mean duration of the operations was 134 +/- 34 min (+/- s.d.); the mean blood loss during surgery was 3498 +/- 2660 ml (+/- s.d.) and the mean length of inpatient stay after operation was 16 +/- 13 days (+/- s.d.). There were eight postoperative deaths and post-mortem examination, which was allowed in six cases, showed satisfactory appearances of the grafts and anastomoses. The surviving patients have remained free from complications for up to 18 months after operation. A non-sutured technique is possible for most aortic anastomoses but is of limited applicability for iliac and more distal anastomoses. With further technical refinements an intraluminal graft with a non-sutured aortic anastomosis may become a valuable alternative to the conventionally sutured prosthesis in the management of ruptured abdominal aneurysms. AUCave-Bigley DJ; Harris PL EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p825-7 MJAortic Aneurysm; Blood Vessel Prosthesis MNAged; Aorta, Abdominal /SU; Aortic Rupture /SU; Feasibility Studies; Methods; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001234 TIThe influence of tumour cell DNA abnormalities on survival in colorectal cancer. ABThe cellular DNA content was measured from paraffin-embedded material in 134 colorectal cancers from patients in whom the outcome was known. Seventy-two (55 per cent) were found to contain cells with abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid). The presence of such a population of cells was not related to pathological stage or histological grade. However, only 14 (19 per cent) patients with DNA aneuploid tumours survived 5 years compared with 27 (43 per cent) of patients with diploid tumours (chi 2 = 8.0, P = 0.005). Stepwise logistic analysis showed cellular DNA content to be an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, independent of pathological stage and histological grade. AUArmitage NC; Robins RA; Evans DF; Turner DR; Baldwin RW; Hardcastle JD EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p828-30 MJColonic Neoplasms /PA; DNA; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MNAneuploidy; Colonic Neoplasms /AN /MO; Diploidy; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /AN /MO MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001235 TIHypovolaemia and healing in colonic anastomoses. ABColonic anastomotic leakage is more common following emergency resections than after elective operations. Transient hypovolaemia, which is more likely to occur during emergency surgery, has been shown to impair collagen metabolism in abdominal and skin wounds but its effect on colonic anastomotic healing has not been previously examined. Acute intra-operative loss of 10 per cent circulating blood volume in rats significantly impaired collagen concentration in both ileocolic (P less than 0.02) and colocolic (P less than 0.05) anastomoses measured on the third postoperative day. This degree of blood loss did not significantly affect early anastomotic strength. Hypovolaemia leads to tissue hypoxia, and this in turn may lead to impaired anastomotic healing. Measurement of tissue oxygen tension may predict poor healing by identifying inadequate intestinal perfusion. Colonic pTO2 measured in rabbits was significantly lower than in small bowel (37 +/- 18 mmHg versus 42 +/- 18 mmHg; P less than 0.001), and fell significantly in colon following 10 per cent blood loss (P less than 0.001). We conclude that adequate intra-operative fluid replacement during colonic resection and anastomosis is a prerequisite for successful healing. AUFoster ME; Laycock JR; Silver IA; Leaper DJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p831-4 MJBlood Volume; Colon; Oxygen; Wound Healing MNCollagen /ME; Colon /SU; Partial Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tensile Strength MTAnimal; Female IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001236 TIAn assessment of occult blood testing to determine which patients with large bowel symptoms require urgent investigation. ABOne hundred and fifty-two consecutive patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal disease were offered occult blood testing before undergoing barium enema examination or colonoscopy; one hundred and thirty-nine successfully completed the test. Thirty-four had positive results of whom thirteen had a cancer and eight an adenomatous polyp (diagnostic yield for neoplasia of 59 per cent). No false negative results occurred, a sensitivity of 100 per cent, and only 21 false positives occurred, a specificity for malignancy of 84 per cent. Subjects attending outpatients should be offered occult blood testing; those with a positive test should undergo colonoscopy. The cost-benefit of such a scheme is emphasized. AUFarrands PA; O'Regan D; Taylor I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p835-7 MJColonic Diseases; Occult Blood; Rectal Diseases MNAged; Cost Benefit Analysis; England; False Positive Reactions; Middle Age; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001237 TIFibro-adenoma of the breast. ABA retrospective study of 134 patients with a clinical diagnosis of fibro-adenoma of the breast indicated that histological confirmation of this diagnosis is made in only 50 per cent. The majority of the others have a diagnosis of benign mammary dysplasia. Eight patients had an unsuspected carcinoma, all but one being above the mean age for the fibro-adenoma group. The natural history of fibro-adenoma is not known precisely. In view of the high sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of malignant disease, we believe that there is justification to carry out a prospective study to determine this. In this study women with a clinical diagnosis of fibro-adenoma will be carefully observed provided they are less than 35 years of age and fine-needle aspiration cytology reveals no malignant cells. AUWilkinson S; Forrest AP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p838-40 MJAdenofibroma; Breast Neoplasms; Fibrocystic Disease of Breast MNAdenofibroma /PA; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Breast Neoplasms /PA; Diagnosis, Differential; Fibrocystic Disease of Breast /PA; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies MTComparative Study; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001238 TIAccuracy of aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast disease. ABThe accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology has been assessed in 480 consecutive breast lesions where definitive histology was later available. The results in terms of specificity and sensitivity have also been compared to mammography and clinical examination. With adequate smears aspiration cytology was 100 per cent specific with no false positive diagnosis. This compares with 15 false positive mammograms and 12 false positive diagnoses on clinical examination. Cytology was unsatisfactory in 36 per cent of benign lesions owing to poor cellularity of the sample but when considered with mammography and examination led to a reduction in biopsies for benign disease. A definitive cytological diagnosis of malignant tumours resulted in a reduction in frozen sections with a substantial saving of resources and improvement in patient counselling. No mastectomy was performed for benign disease. AUSmallwood J; Herbert A; Guyer P; Taylor I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p841-3 MJBiopsy, Needle; Breast Diseases MNBreast Diseases /PA; Breast Neoplasms /DI; Breast /PA; False Positive Reactions; Mammography; Physical Examination MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001239 TIAre the lesions of duct ectasia sterile? ABA prospective study was established to determine whether, using suitable transport media, bacteria could be isolated from the lesions of mammary duct ectasia. The results indicate that both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are present in a high proportion of patients with nipple discharge associated with this condition and in all patients who develop peri-areolar sepsis (abscess and mammillary fistulae) as part of the syndrome. The lesions of duct ectasia are therefore not sterile and the possibility exists that bacteria have a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition. AUBundred NJ; Dixon JM; Lumsden AB; Radford D; Hood J; Miles RS; Chetty U; Forrest AP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p844-5 MJBacteria; Breast Diseases; Mastitis MNAbscess /MI; Dilatation, Pathologic /MI; Fistula /MI; Nipples /MI; Prospective Studies MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001240 TICholedochoduodenostomy and the blind loop syndrome [letter] AUWereldsma JC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Oct 1985, 72(10) p847 MJBlind Loop Syndrome; Common Bile Duct; Duodenum MNPostoperative Complications /ET MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001241 TIPeritoneal lavage in severe acute pancreatitis [editorial] AUImrie CW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p677 MJPancreatitis MNAcute Disease; Irrigation; Peritoneum MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001242 TILumbar sympathectomy for arterial disease. AUCotton LT; Cross FW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p678-83 MJLeg; Sympathectomy MNArteries /IR; Intermittent Claudication /TH; Ischemia /TH; Lumbosacral Region; Pain /TH; Rest; Sympathectomy, Chemical; Vascular Diseases /TH MCReview MTAnimal; Human RN60-54-8 (Tetracycline) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001243 TIEvolving practice in acute diverticulitis. AUKrukowski ZH; Koruth NM; Matheson NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p684-6 MJDiverticulitis /TH MNAcute Disease; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Diverticulitis /CO /SU; Emergencies; Intraoperative Period; Irrigation; Middle Age; Peritonitis /ET; Tetracycline /AD MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001244 TILong-term results after pancreas resection for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. ABThis study was designed to investigate the long-term effects of early pancreatic resection for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. During 1973-1978 40 resections were performed in our clinic. Eleven patients died initially (28 per cent). None of the four further deaths was due to pancreatitis or associated disorders. Twenty-four patients were re-examined 5-11 years after resection--one patient refused to participate. Five had not been able to return to work because of severe polyneuropathy; one more had retired because of chronic pancreatitis in the pancreatic remnant. Polyneuropathy was found in five further patients. The reason for this high incidence of polyneuropathy (42 per cent) remains unknown. Eight patients still drank excessive alcohol; three of them had had recurrent pancreatitis and dyspepsia, and insulin requiring diabetes. All but 2 (92 per cent) had diabetes, 14 needing insulin--half of them at 6 months to 6 years after the resection. Moreover, 11 patients (46 per cent) suffered from dyspeptic symptoms. The results suggest that because of the high frequency of late complications, in addition to the early complications, early resection of pancreas should be critically re-evaluated as the treatment for acute necrotizing pancreatitis. If resection is used in patients with extreme pancreatic necrosis, careful and continuous postoperative follow-up will be needed. AUNordback IH; Auvinen OA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p687-9 MJPancreatitis /SU MNAcute Disease; Adult; Aged; C-Peptide /BL; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Necrosis; Pancreas /PA; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatitis /PA; Postoperative Complications; Time Factors MTHuman RN51-83-2 (Carbachol) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001245 TIChanges in colonic motility during the development of chronic large bowel obstruction. ABThe effect of chronic progressive distal large bowel obstruction on colonic motility was studied in six mini-pigs. Motility was detected in vivo during the development of obstruction with chronically implanted Ag/AgCl electrodes using an impedance technique. When the obstruction was complete the segments of bowel were resected and spontaneous contractile activity and response to cholinergic stimulation were studied in an organ bath. Any hypermotility resulting from obstruction was shortlived and a gradual state of hypomotility supervened proximal to the obstruction. Decompression of the bowel did not result in the immediate return of motility and the resected bowel was unresponsive to carbachol. These results suggest that spontaneous resolution of large bowel obstruction is unlikely and that motility disturbances are unlikely to be a cause of anastomotic dehiscence. AUCoxon JE; Dickson C; Taylor I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p690-3 MJColon; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestinal Obstruction MNCarbachol /PD; Chronic Disease; Gastrointestinal Motility /DE; Swine, Miniature; Swine; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001246 TISpontaneous bleeding into a parathyroid cyst. AUDick JA; Brame KG; Owen WJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p693 MJCysts; Hemorrhage; Parathyroid Diseases MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001247 TIThe role of surgical local excision in the treatment of rectal cancer. ABSelection of patients with ulcerating rectal cancer for treatment by local excision has been governed by a policy based on clinical and histological criteria; if these criteria are not fulfilled, major resection is recommended. This policy was re-examined in three groups of patients treated by local excision: Group 1 for cure (27 patients), Group 2 due to unfitness for major surgery (13 patients), Group 3 for local tumour control in the presence of metastatic disease (6 patients). When the policy was fulfilled, there was a cancer-specific death rate of 8.3 per cent in Group 1 (two patients with poorly differentiated tumours) and 0 per cent in Group 2. Unavoidable policy breaches occurred when patients refused major surgery or were too unfit: in the latter elderly group, this did not have the adverse effect expected. It is concluded that pre-operative clinical digital assessment and histological grading are a satisfactory means of identifying a small group of tumours appropriate for local treatment and that the results justify local excision where the policy is observed. AUWhiteway J; Nicholls RJ; Morson BC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p694-7 MJRectal Neoplasms /SU MNAdult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /PA; Rectum /SU; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001248 TIA multivariate analysis of clinical and pathological variables in prognosis after resection of large bowel cancer. ABData on 709 patients who had a resection for colorectal carcinoma at Concord Hospital between 1971 and 1980 were studied to determine the independent effects on survival of several patient characteristics and pathological variables using the Cox regression model. Clinicopathological stage had the strongest association. Other variables ranked according to their relative importance independent of stage were: histological grade, level of direct spread, the presence of venous invasion, age and sex of the patient and the presence of obstruction. AUChapuis PH; Dent OF; Fisher R; Newland RC; Pheils MT; Smyth E; Colquhoun K EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p698-702 MJAdenocarcinoma /SU; Colonic Neoplasms /SU; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MNAdenocarcinoma /MO /PA; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms /MO /PA; Middle Age; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /PA; Regression Analysis MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001249 TIImmediate resection in emergency large bowel surgery: a 7 year audit. ABIn a consecutive series of 153 emergency admissions with large bowel disease during a 7 year period, 49 per cent were for colonic obstruction, 46 per cent for peritonitis and 5 per cent for miscellaneous conditions. Urgent operation was performed on 104 (68 per cent) patients. Of those operated upon, 82 (79 per cent) had a primary resection with a mortality rate of 12.2 per cent, intraperitoneal sepsis rate of 2.4 per cent and wound sepsis rate of 7.3 per cent. The median postoperative hospital stay was 21 days. An immediate anastomosis was performed in 46 (56 per cent) patients with a mortality rate of 8.7 per cent, anastomotic leak rate of 2.2 per cent, and wound sepsis rate of 8.7 per cent. The median postoperative hospital stay was 19 days. The mortality in patients presenting with large bowel emergencies is related to age and advanced malignant disease. Immediate resection is applicable in over 80 per cent of patients requiring urgent operation and morbidity can be low and treatment economical. Immediate anastomosis after proximal colonic resection is safe and the use of intra-operative colonic irrigation permits a primary anastomosis in selected patients after emergency resection of the distal colon. AUKoruth NM; Hunter DC; Krukowski ZH; Matheson NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p703-7 MJIntestinal Diseases /SU; Intestine, Large /SU MNAdult; Aged; Emergencies; Intestinal Diseases /MO; Intestinal Obstruction /SU; Intestine, Large /PP; Length of Stay; Middle Age; Peritonitis /SU; Postoperative Complications MTHuman; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001250 TIIntra-operative colonic irrigation in the management of left-sided large bowel emergencies. ABIn a consecutive series of 93 patients who required emergency surgery for distal colonic lesions, 61 had primary bowel resection with immediate anastomosis after intra-operative antegrade colonic irrigation. The operative mortality was 8 per cent, anastomotic leakage rate 7 per cent and superficial wound infection occurred in 3 per cent of patients. The mean hospital stay was 13 days. Of the remaining 32 patients, 3 did not have a resection and 29 had a primary resection and end colostomy without anastomosis: bowel continuity was later restored in 17 of 28 survivors (61 per cent) but 11 (39 per cent) were left with a permanent colostomy. The hospital mortality in this group was 6 per cent, superficial wound infection rate 14 per cent and the mean hospital stay 26 days. The results of this study suggest that intra-operative colonic irrigation is an effective method enabling the surgeon to perform a primary anastomosis with reasonable safety after emergency resection of selected distal colonic lesions. AUKoruth NM; Krukowski ZH; Youngson GG; Hendry WS; Logie JR; Jones PF; Munro A EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p708-11 MJColonic Diseases; Colon MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Emergencies; Intestinal Obstruction /SU; Intestinal Perforation /SU; Intraoperative Period; Irrigation; Middle Age; Peritonitis /SU MTHuman; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001251 TIRetrieval of an unusual foreign body from the second part of the duodenum. AUCase WG; Mayer AD; Benson EA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p711 MJDuodenum; Foreign Bodies MNAged; Dilatation /IS; Equipment Failure; Time Factors MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001252 TIThe results of surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. ABA series of 89 cases of anal carcinoma presenting over a 20-year period is reviewed. The majority were epidermoid carcinomas, 57 arising in the anal canal and 13 at the anal margin. The remainder were melanomas and basal cell carcinomas, and these were not considered further. The main presenting symptoms of epidermoid anal carcinomas were bleeding and pain. Tumours arising in the anal canal were commoner in women whilst those at the margin were more frequent in men. The majority (51/70) had a clinical diagnosis of malignancy made but in 19 cases this was not considered initially. The necessity for routine early histological diagnosis is stressed. Treatment was mainly surgical, either abdominoperineal resection (37 canal, 2 margin) or wide excision (8 canal, 11 margin). The 5 year survival of patients with anal margin tumours was better than those with canal lesions (50 per cent compared with 36 per cent). AUPyper PC; Parks TG EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p712-4 MJAnus Neoplasms /SU; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /SU MNAged; Anus Neoplasms /MO /PA; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /MO /PA; Middle Age; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001253 TITorsion of a caecal diverticulum in a young child. AUMcPherson GA; Holland S; Ross HB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p714 MJCecal Diseases; Diverticulosis MNChild, Preschool; Rotation MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001254 TIPeculiarities of mucinous colorectal carcinoma. ABThe clinical and pathological features of 54 mucinous carcinomas of the large intestine were compared with those of 576 non-mucinous carcinomas. Tumours were only categorized as mucinous if they contained at least 60 per cent of mucin by volume. Those with a moderate mucin content (60-80 per cent) were indistinguishable in behaviour from 'non-mucinous' tumours. By contrast, those with a high mucin content (greater than 80 per cent) showed several differences from non-mucinous cancers: they had a more proximal distribution through the large intestine, they comprised a greater fraction of cancers in the under 50 age group (24 versus 7 per cent: P less than 0.01), they were more likely to be Dukes' stage 'D' (58 versus 31 per cent: P less than 0.01) and local fixity was commoner (70 versus 37 per cent: P less than 0.001). Consequently the overall resection rate was reduced from 90 to 73 per cent (P less than 0.01), the curative resection rate from 69 to 42 per cent (P less than 0.01) and the 5-year survival rate from 37 to 18 per cent (P less than 0.05). Colorectal carcinomas of high mucin content require wide excision, tend to recur locally and carry a poor prognosis. AUUmpleby HC; Ranson DL; Williamson RC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p715-8 MJCarcinoma, Mucinous /PA; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MNAdenocarcinoma /MO /PA /SU; Age Factors; Aged; Carcinoma, Mucinous /MO /SU; Colonic Neoplasms /MO /SU; Middle Age; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /SU MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001255 TIPatterns of flap recurrence following mastectomy. ABFlap recurrence after mastectomy is divisible into three distinct entities: spot recurrence, multiple spot recurrence and field change. Spot recurrence and multiple spot recurrence are usually controlled by local measures and are not associated with any particular characteristics of the primary tumour. The field change type of flap recurrence is difficult to control and is associated with aggressive primary tumours (grade III, node positive, oestrogen receptor negative) and a very poor prognosis. The appearance of field change type of flap recurrence is an indication for systemic therapy. AUBlacklay PF; Campbell FC; Hinton CP; Blamey RW; Morgan DA; Elston CW; Haybittle JL EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p719-20 MJBreast Neoplasms /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNBreast Neoplasms /MO /TH; Mastectomy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local /TH; Prognosis MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001256 TIThe prediction of local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. ABBoth the histological grade of the primary tumour and lymph node status have been found to contribute significantly towards the development of a local or regional recurrence after simple mastectomy for operable breast cancer. No other factor, from a series of seven studied, has been found to be of independent significance. A small group of patients with grade III tumours, lymph node positive at mastectomy, has been identified in whom more than 40 per cent of all symptomatic local or regional recurrences occurred. The chance a patient in this group has of developing a local or regional recurrence requiring treatment within 4 years approaches 50 per cent. AUWilliams MR; Hinton CP; Todd JH; Morgan DA; Elston CW; Blamey RW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p721-3 MJBreast Neoplasms /SU; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNBreast Neoplasms /PA /RT; Clinical Trials; Combined Modality Therapy; Lymph Nodes /PA; Mastectomy; Risk MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001257 TIA retrospective study of male breast cancer in Holland. ABA retrospective study has been undertaken of 104 men with breast cancer, all of them having a follow-up period of at least 5 years. In 78 cases a histological diagnosis was obtained. The preferred treatment for operable cases was radical mastectomy, in which 60 per cent positive axillary nodes were found. Five-year survival is 54 per cent and the disease-free interval is 42 per cent. Local recurrence occurred in 26 per cent and 16 per cent had developed distant metastases. The overall results are similar to those in the literature with the exception of those for stage III who did better in this series. The generally held beliefs that Klinefelter's syndrome is the strongest predisposing factor to developing male breast cancer and that gynaecomastia is not a premalignant condition are supported by this study. Comparison of results from this series, with those of women of the same age having breast cancer leads to the conclusion that the prognosis in male breast cancer is no worse than for women with comparable disease. AUvan Geel AN; van Slooten EA; Mavrunac M; Hart AA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p724-7 MJBreast Neoplasms /MO; Carcinoma, Ductal; Carcinoma, Papillary MNAdult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms /ET /PA; Carcinoma, Ductal /PA; Carcinoma, Papillary /PA; Child; Klinefelter's Syndrome /CO; Mastectomy; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Netherlands; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies MTHuman; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001258 TIUltrasonographic detection of early and curable carcinoma of the gallbladder. ABFive patients with early carcinoma of the gallbladder detected by ultrasonography were studied. Three complained of non-specific upper abdominal symptoms or were asymptomatic and two had severe biliary colic. Gallstones were present in the two patients without biliary symptoms. Early carcinoma of the gallbladder was demonstrated as a polypoid tumour by ultrasound in four patients and as thickening of the gallbladder wall in one. The tumour was over 2 cm in diameter in all but one patient in whom the tumour enlarged rapidly from 5 to 10 mm. Size of the tumour and extent of spread were closely related. All but one patient underwent curative resection. Ultrasonography enhances the detection of early carcinoma of the gallbladder especially in old patients with non-specific abdominal symptoms and the operative cure rate is thereby improved. AUKoga A; Yamauchi S; Izumi Y; Hamanaka N EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p728-30 MJGallbladder Neoplasms; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAged; Gallbladder Neoplasms /PA /SU; Gallbladder /PA /SU; Middle Age; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001259 TISigmoid exclusion: a new technique in the management of radiation-induced fistula. ABColovesical and colovaginal fistulas following irradiation for pelvic malignancy represent a formidable surgical problem. Although complex surgical procedures to close the fistulas and restore continence have been described, often a defunctioning colostomy with an associated urinary conduit is the only feasible option. Three patients who have successfully undergone an original procedure (sigmoid exclusion) are presented. Sigmoid exclusion restores continence but avoids a permanent stoma. The involved sigmoid colon was isolated on its mesentery ensuring that the area incorporating the fistulas was not disrupted. The ends of the isolated sigmoid colon were closed and bowel continuity then restored by a colorectal or colo-anal anastomosis. Following closure of a temporary colostomy the patients were continent with no ill effects or sepsis from the excluded colon. This procedure has the dual advantage of restoring continence yet avoiding both an urinary conduit and a permanent colostomy, and represents a useful advance in the surgical management of radiation induced colonic fistulas. AUAitken RJ; Elliot MS EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p731-2 MJBladder Fistula; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Fistula; Radiation Injuries; Vaginal Fistula MNAdult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age; Sigmoid /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001260 TICongenital diaphragmatic hernia: a 20 year experience. ABThe records of 253 children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, between 1961 and 1980 were analysed. The overall mortality of 37 per cent is greater than that reported in the preceding 13 years from the same institution, and showed no improvement over the 20 years. While there was no significant increase in the number of admissions over the study period, the proportion of children who underwent surgery within the first 6 h of life steadily increased from 13 per cent in the first five years to 39 per cent in the last five years. The mortality of this group (65 per cent) did not improve over the study period and this would account for the lack of improvement in the overall survival figures. However, analysis of birth weights, onset and severity of signs and lung weights indicates that the increasing number of early admissions was due to speedier transfer rather than to referral of more severely affected children in the later years. AUSimson JN; Eckstein HB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p733-6 MJHernia, Diaphragmatic MNChild; Emergencies; Hernia, Diaphragmatic /MO /SU; Infant, Newborn; Lung /PA; Organ Weight; Postoperative Complications /MO; Recurrence; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001261 TIMaydl's hernia: report of a series of seven cases and review of the literature. ABSeven cases of Maydl's herniae with two patients needing resection of bowel are presented. This condition is rare and may be lethal if unrecognized. The hernial sac contains two loops of bowel with another loop of bowel being intra-abdominal. The intra-abdominal loop of bowel may become strangulated, either alone or in combination with bowel in the hernial sac. It is more often seen in men, and predominantly on the right side. Maydl's hernia should be suspected in patients with large incarcerated herniae and in patients with evidence of intra-abdominal strangulation or peritonitis. Postural or manual reduction of the hernia is contra-indicated as it may result in non-viable bowel being missed. AUGanesaratnam M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p737-8 MJHernia, Inguinal /SU MNAdult; Aged; Constriction, Pathologic; Gangrene; Hernia, Inguinal /PA; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN26124-68-5 (Polyglycolic Acid) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001262 TILayered versus mass closure of abdominal wounds in infants and children. ABA prospective trial of layered versus mass closure of laparotomy wounds was performed on 507 infants and children over a 33 month period. All wounds were sutured using polyglycolic acid sutures. There were four wound failures including one disruption in the layered closure group and one wound failure in the mass closure group. The incisional hernias healed spontaneously. Either method of closure yields good results and non-absorbable sutures are unnecessary. AUKiely EM; Spitz L EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p739-40 MJLaparotomy MNChild, Preschool; Child; Hernia, Ventral /ET; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Polyglycolic Acid; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Surgical Wound Infection /ET; Sutures MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN108-95-2 (phenol) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001263 TIA randomized trial to compare single with multiple phenol injection treatment for haemorrhoids. ABOne hundred and twenty consecutive patients were entered into a randomized trial of single versus multiple phenol injection for the treatment of haemorrhoids. Follow-up at 3 and 12 months was available in 105 patients (56 in the single group and 49 in the multiple group). The results have shown that injection therapy, whether this be single or multiple, is an extremely effective form of therapy for patients with first or second degree haemorrhoids. AUKhoury GA; Lake SP; Lewis MC; Lewis AA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p741-2 MJHemorrhoids; Phenols /TU; Sclerosing Solutions MNAdult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Drug Administration Schedule; Middle Age; Phenols /AD MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001264 TICholecystohepaticodochal fistula: the value of pre-operative recognition. AUFan ST; Lau WY; Lee MJ; Wong KP; Wong KK EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p743-4 MJBiliary Fistula; Common Bile Duct Diseases; Gallbladder Diseases; Hepatic Duct, Common MNAged; Bile Duct Diseases /RA; Cholangiography; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001265 TIHaematuria after blunt trauma: the role of pyelography. ABThis study is a combined prospective and retrospective review of 208 patients presenting with haematuria after blunt abdominal trauma. One hundred and twelve patients had an urgent intravenous pyelogram (IVP) with cystogram performed, while the remaining ninety-six were observed with serial urinalysis without any further investigation. Nineteen of the twenty-three patients with a positive IVP had gross haematuria and the remaining four had microscopic haematuria. Twenty-two of the patients with an abnormal IVP had positive abdominal signs, whilst only one case (with severe head injury) had no abdominal signs. In the 96 cases who were observed without IVP no complications occurred. It is suggested that if certain clinical criteria are observed most patients with post-traumatic microscopic haematuria can safely be spared an IVP. Indications for emergency IVP should include: gross haematuria or microscopic haematuria associated with abdominal signs or severe head injury or fracture of pelvis or spine. Had these criteria been observed during this study, 130 patients (62 per cent) would have avoided the risks and expenses of an IVP, and no significant urological injury would have been missed. AUDemetriades D; Rabinowitz B; Sofianos C; Landau A EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p745-7 MJHematuria /RA; Wounds, Nonpenetrating /RA MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bladder /IN; Child, Preschool; Child; Emergencies; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Hematuria /ET; Kidney /IN; Middle Age; Rupture; Urography; Wounds, Nonpenetrating /CO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001266 TIIntramuscular haemangioma of the extremities: is computerized tomography useful? ABFourteen patients with intramuscular haemangiomas of the extremities were included in the study. All had computerized tomography (CT) and thirteen had angiography. Twelve of the thirteen were operated upon. CT scan proved to be an extremely valuable tool in the pre-operative planning as the extent of the lesion could be assessed accurately by this method; in most cases this was not possible with angiography. AUChristenson JT; Gunterberg B EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p748-50 MJExtremities; Hemangioma; Muscular Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MNAdolescence; Adult; Arm /RA; Child; Leg /RA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001267 TIPeripheral resistance measurement in the assessment of severe peripheral vascular disease. ABThirty-seven patients undergoing femoropopliteal, fifteen undergoing femorodistal reconstruction and seven below knee amputees were subjected to prospective measurement of peripheral resistance. Resistance was significantly higher in the amputation and femorodistal groups than in the femoropopliteal group (P less than 0.03 and P less than 0.005 at 76 ml/min). In the femoropopliteal group patients with three vessel runoff had a significantly lower resistance than those with two or single vessel runoff (P less than 0.01). In the femoropopliteal group resistance of patent grafts at four months was significantly less than thrombosed grafts (P less than 0.006). Patients with a resistance less than 1200 mPRU had a significantly better patency than those in whom the resistance was greater than 1200 mPRU (P less than 0.05). Taking all the failed grafts there was a significant correlation between graft patency and resistance (P less than 0.003). Resistance measurement has been shown to correlate with the severity of the disease, with runoff defined radiographically and with graft patency. In a simplified form it may prove a useful adjunct to other methods of assessment in patients with distal disease. AUParvin SD; Evans DH; Bell PR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p751-3 MJVascular Diseases; Vascular Resistance MNAmputation; Arteries /PP; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Femoral Artery /SU; Graft Occlusion, Vascular /PP; Leg /SU; Popliteal Artery /SU; Prospective Studies; Vascular Diseases /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001268 TIInternal iliac aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula presenting with pulmonary embolism. AUCampbell WB; van Beek DF; Wood RF EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p754-5 MJAneurysm; Arteriovenous Fistula; Iliac Artery; Iliac Vein; Pulmonary Embolism MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001269 TIAorto-enteric fistula caused by an atheromatous plaque penetrating a Dacron graft. AUHill RA; Blair SD EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p755 MJAortic Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Fistula; Intestinal Fistula; Jejunal Diseases MNAorta, Abdominal /SU; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001270 TICystic adventitial disease of the common femoral and popliteal arteries. ABCystic adventitial arterial disease (CAAD) is usually situated in the popliteal artery and is a well recognized cause of intermittent claudication in otherwise healthy, young, non-smokers. Three cases of CAAD have recently been encountered, involving the popliteal artery in two patients and the common femoral in one. Two of these patients were hypertensive smokers in their sixth decades and only one was an otherwise healthy non-smoker, but all three had a characteristically rapid onset of symptoms. All had angiographic appearances suggestive of CAAD, confirmed by ultrasound and CAT scanning in one patient. Two were treated by resection of the affected artery and a replacement graft, both with excellent results. One popliteal lesion was bypassed with a vein graft which occluded after 3 months. CAAD may occur more commonly than generally realized. It can present in patients whose condition suggests an atheromatous cause for their symptoms. Since good results can be expected from appropriate surgical treatment in most cases, CAAD should be considered in the diagnosis of all patients with claudication, particularly when the onset has been rapid. AUHall RI; Proud G; Chamberlain J; McNeil IF EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p756-8 MJArterial Occlusive Diseases; Cysts; Femoral Artery; Popliteal Artery MNIntermittent Claudication /ET; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001271 TIStudy of cardiothoracic wound infection at St. Thomas' Hospital. ABWound infection occurred after 14.3 per cent of 433 open heart operations. In 309, saphenous veins were harvested for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 8.7 per cent of sternal wounds and 12.9 per cent of leg wounds were infected. Only 1.6 per cent of the remaining 124 patients who had open heart operations without leg surgery suffered sternal wound infections. In the CABG group sternal infection was theatre-related and significantly associated with length of pre-operative stay, diabetes and re-operation. Similar organisms were isolated from both leg and sternal wounds which suggest that organisms were transferred from legs to sternum with the veins. No clinically relevant cross infection was demonstrated. Skin disinfection and surgical technique seem more important than antibiotic prophylaxis in the control of these infections. AUFarrington M; Webster M; Fenn A; Phillips I EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p759-62 MJHeart Surgery; Surgical Wound Infection MNAortocoronary Bypass /AE; Bacteria /IP; Diabetes Mellitus /CO; Leg /SU; Middle Age; Reoperation; Risk; Saphenous Vein /TR; Sternum; Surgical Wound Infection /MI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001272 TISecondary carcinomatous infiltration of the penis: palliation with radiotherapy. ABSecondary carcinomatous involvement of the penis is surprisingly uncommon considering its proximity to the site of many common primary malignancies. Management of this unpleasant condition is difficult and should be primarily aimed at palliative relief of symptoms. Four cases are presented, two with primary prostatic adenocarcinoma, one rectal carcinoma and one carcinoma of the caecum. Three of these patients, on developing penile involvement, were subjected to a single course of radiotherapy. This resulted in marked relief of pain and reduction in tumour bulk allowing an improvement in micturition, where obstructive symptoms were present. Due to the small number of cases available treatment cannot be prospectively evaluated. A logical palliative treatment for metastatic penile disease is suggested. AUGillatt DA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p763-4 MJAdenocarcinoma /SC; Palliative Treatment; Penile Neoplasms /SC MNAdenocarcinoma /RT; Adult; Aged; Penile Neoplasms /RT MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001273 TIXanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with pyeloduodenal fistula. AUCheatle TR; Waldron RP; Arkell DG EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p764 MJDuodenal Diseases; Granuloma; Intestinal Fistula; Pyelonephritis; Xanthomatosis MNFistula /ET; Kidney Diseases /ET; Kidney Pelvis; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001275 TISelective visceral angiography for unexplained acute gastrointestinal bleeding [letter] AUCrofts D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p765-6 MJHemorrhage, Gastrointestinal MNAcute Disease; Angiography MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001276 TISpontaneous oesophageal rupture [letter] AUSchein M; Saadia R; Jamieson JR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p766 MJEsophageal Diseases MNRupture, Spontaneous; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001277 TIDiagnosis of gallstones [letter] AUGoodman AJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p767 MJCholelithiasis MNGallbladder /RI; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001278 TIRisks of biliary surgery in the elderly [letter] AUStoller JL; Burhenne HJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p767-8 MJCholelithiasis MNAged; Cholecystectomy /MT; Risk MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001279 TICirculating levels of fibronectin in surgical patients [letter] AUBrown RA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72(9) p768 MJFibronectins; Surgery, Operative MNPostoperative Period MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001280 TIFrontiers in colorectal disease. St. Mark's Hospital 150th anniversary international conference supplement. EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS1-143 MJColonic Diseases; Rectal Diseases MNColonic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001281 TIMegacolon in adults. AUBarnes PR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS10-2 MJMegacolon MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Megacolon /TH; Middle Age; Rectum /PP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001282 TIContinuing experience with single layer appositional anastomosis in the large bowel. ABResults of continuing experience with single layer appositional anastomosis of the large bowel during 8 years (1977-84) were extracted from a prospective computerized audit of all abdominal operations under one consultant. After 204 elective operations mortality rate was 1.5 per cent: there were no deaths from anastomotic leakage. The total incidence of wound infection (including late infections) was 2.0 percent. The median duration of postoperative stay was 9.7 days and the mode 8 days. Three clinical anastomotic leaks (total incidence 1.5 per cent) occurred in 140 patients (2.1 per cent) after elective colorectal anastomoses. A restorative anastomosis was made in 86 per cent of patients with rectal carcinoma 6-12 cm from the anus and in 29 per cent with tumours below 6 cm. The overall incidence of a permanent stoma for rectosigmoid carcinoma was 19 per cent. 'Protective colostomy' and anastomotic drains were not used. The safety and applicability of single layer anastomosis in the rectum are compared with those of stapling. AUMatheson NA; McIntosh CA; Krukowski ZH EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS104-6 MJIntestine, Large MNAdult; Aged; Colon /SU; Methods; Middle Age; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001283 TIEffect of adjuvant chemo- or immunotherapy on the prognosis of colorectal cancer operated for cure. ABAfter radical surgery for colorectal cancer, 178 patients with a Dukes' B or C tumour were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A, controls (n = 62); B, chemotherapy (n = 59); C, immunotherapy (n = 57). Randomization criteria (age, sex, Dukes' stage, localization of tumour, operative procedure) were evenly distributed throughout the groups. After a median observation time of 30 months, statistical analyses were performed: survival and probability to be free of recurrence was described by Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function; for comparison of these survival functions, Breslow's test was used. Overall analyses show no benefit in the treatment group compared to controls. Separate analyses by Dukes' stages showed that in patients with Dukes' C tumours the probability of survival 40 months after surgery was 72 per cent in group C, 51 per cent in group B, and 33 per cent in group A. The differences between groups C and A, and B and A were statistically significant (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.03 respectively). For a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of distant metastases at 30 months after surgery was 80 per cent in group B, 68 per cent in group C and 52 per cent in group A. Also for a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of liver metastases at 21 months after surgery was 83 per cent in group B, 81 per cent in group C, and 54 per cent in group A (significant differences: B-A and C-A P less than 0.04 for both). There was no influence on the estimated incidence of local recurrences for stage Dukes' C. Patients with a Dukes' B tumour did not benefit from either of the adjuvant therapy schemes. AUWunderlich M; Schiessel R; Rainer H; Rauhs R; Kovats E; Schemper M; Dittrich C; Micksche M; Sedlacek HH EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS107-10 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic /TU; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic /TU; Colonic Neoplasms /TH; Rectal Neoplasms /TH MNAdjuvants, Immunologic /AE; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic /AE; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Colonic Neoplasms /SU; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Random Allocation; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001284 TIEvacuation proctography in obstructed defaecation and rectal intussusception. ABThe symptoms of obstructed defaecation may present as a number of different syndromes including descending perineum, solitary rectal ulcer, irritable bowel and mucosal or complete rectal prolapse. In order to clarify the pathophysiology of obstructed defaecation we carried out dynamic and static radiological investigations together with manometric and electrophysiological measurements in ten patients with severe, intractable obstructed defaecation. Results were compared with a total of 35 control subjects. There were no significant differences in sphincter pressures or the recto-anal inhibitory reflex between patients and controls. Mean motor unit potential duration was prolonged in patients compared with controls (P less than 0.02) in the puborectalis and external sphincter indicative of neuropathic changes. X-ray measurements of the anorectal angle and perineal descent at rest showed no differences. However, obstructed defaecation patients had a greater increase in anorectal angle on straining (P less than 0.02) and significantly more descent on straining (P less than 0.002). Fast film sequence evacuation proctography showed that the anal canal was occluded by anterior rectal wall in four patients and five patients had variants of recto-rectal intussusception without overt rectal prolapse, which explained the obstructive symptoms. This information should allow the surgeon to follow a rational treatment programme based on the anatomical abnormality. AUBartolo DC; Roe AM; Virjee J; Mortensen NJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS111-6 MJConstipation /RA; Intussusception /RA; Rectal Diseases /RA; Rectum /RA MNAdult; Aged; Constipation /PP; Electrophysiology; Intussusception /PP; Manometry; Middle Age; Rectal Diseases /PP; Rectum /PP MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001285 TIIntrarectal ultrasound and computed tomography in the pre- and postoperative assessment of patients with rectal cancer. ABThe ability of intrarectal ultrasound to recognize the local extent of disease was investigated in 23 patients with histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the lower two-thirds of the rectum before operation. Two probes, 12 cm long, working at a frequency of 3.5 and 7.5 MHz, were used. The results were compared with those of pre-operative computed tomography (CT) and with the pathological report of the resected specimens. Sonography correctly staged 20 of 23 tumours with two false negatives and one false positive, while CT correctly staged 19 of 23 tumours with two false negatives and two false positives. The results of ultrasound were found to be as accurate as those of CT; the low cost and simple use of ultrasound makes it preferable in the pre-operative assessment of the depth of invasion of rectal cancer. In addition, intrarectal ultrasound was routinely performed in 42 patients, operated on for rectal cancer by means of sphincter-saving procedures, at variable intervals in the first 2 years postoperatively. Eight local recurrences were recognized and confirmed by CT. Based on the low cost, reliability and simple use, intrarectal ultrasound is proposed as first examination for local recurrence detection in the follow-up of patients with low anterior resection for rectal cancer. AURomano G; de Rosa P; Vallone G; Rotondo A; Grassi R; Santangelo ML EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS117-9 MJAdenocarcinoma; Rectal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNAdenocarcinoma /RA; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms /RA MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001286 TIConstipation: results of surgical treatment. AUTodd IP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS12-3 MJConstipation MNColectomy /AE MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001287 TIAnorectal incontinence: electrophysiological tests. AUSwash M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS14-5 MJFecal Incontinence MNElectromyography; Electrophysiology; Fecal Incontinence /PP MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001288 TIRisk factors in childbirth causing damage to the pelvic floor innervation. AUSnooks SJ; Swash M; Henry MM; Setchell M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS15-7 MJFecal Incontinence; Labor Complications; Pelvis MNAdolescence; Adult; Obstetrical Forceps; Parity; Pelvis /IR; Perineum /IN; Pregnancy; Risk; Time Factors MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001289 TIResults of postanal repair: a retrospective study. AUHenry MM; Simson JN EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS17-9 MJAnus /SU; Fecal Incontinence /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Anus /PP; Child; Fecal Incontinence /PP; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001290 TISphincter injuries: indications for, and results of sphincter repair. AUMotson RW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS19-21 MJAnus /SU; Fecal Incontinence MNAnus /IN /PP; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001291 TINervous control of the gut. AUWingate DL EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS2-3 MJGastrointestinal System MNNeural Transmission; Vagus Nerve /PH MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001292 TIGracilis muscle transposition for anal incontinence: late results. AUCorman ML EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS21-2 MJAnus; Fecal Incontinence; Muscles MNAdult; Middle Age; Transplantation, Autologous MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001293 TIMagnitude of risk for cancer in patients with colorectal adenomas. AUMorson BC; Bussey HJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS23-5 MJAdenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms MNNeoplasms, Multiple Primary; Retrospective Studies; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001294 TIPolyp follow-up: how, who for and how often? AUWilliams CB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS25-6 MJColonic Polyps; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MNAge Factors; Colonoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Risk; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001295 TIFollow-up after removal of colorectal adenomas and radical surgery for colorectal carcinomas. AUKronborg O EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS26-8 MJAdenoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonoscopy; Follow-Up Studies; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Time Factors MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001296 TIThe rectum in adenomatous polyposis: the St. Mark's policy. AUBussey HJ; Eyers AA; Ritchie SM; Thomson JP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS29-31 MJIntestinal Polyps /SU; Rectal Neoplasms /SU; Rectum /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Colectomy; Intestinal Polyps /MO; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms /MO; Rectum /PP; Risk MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001297 TIPhysiological reactions of the gastrointestinal tract to stress. AUThompson DG EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS3-4 MJGastrointestinal System; Stress MNCold; Dichotic Listening Tests MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001298 TIFamilial polyposis. AUBeart RW Jr EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS31-2 MJIntestinal Polyps MNColectomy; Intestinal Polyps /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local MTHuman RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001299 TIHLA and genetic marker studies in adenomatous polyposis. AUBodmer J; Kennedy L; Brennan J; Bodmer W EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS32-5 MJGenetic Marker; HLA Antigens; Intestinal Polyps; Precancerous Conditions MNDNA /GE; Intestinal Polyps /IM; Pedigree; Polymorphism (Genetics); Precancerous Conditions /IM MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001300 TIExperimental intestinal carcinogenesis. AUNigro ND; Bull AW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS36-7 MJDiet; Intestinal Neoplasms MNDietary Fats /AE; Dietary Fiber /PD; Diet /AE; Neoplasms, Experimental /ET; Rats MCReview MTAnimal IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001301 TICancer of the large bowel: human carcinogenesis. AUHill MJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS37-9 MJIntestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Large MNAdenoma /ET; Bile Acids and Salts /ME; Diet; Environment; Intestinal Neoplasms /FG /OC MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001302 TIGenetic aspects of carcinogenesis. AUSheer D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS39-41 MJNeoplasms MNAdenocarcinoma /FG; Cell Line; Chromosome Aberrations; Colonic Neoplasms /FG; Karyotyping; Oncogenes; Rectal Neoplasms /FG MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001303 TIVisceral pain. AUKendall GP EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS4-5 MJAbdomen /PP; Pain MNAbdomen /IR; Gastrointestinal System /PP; Sensory Thresholds MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001304 TIAntibody markers. AUMakin CA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS42 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Colonic Neoplasms /IM; Rectal Neoplasms /IM MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /TU; Colonic Neoplasms /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001305 TIRadioimmunoscintigraphy of cancer. AUBritton KE; Granowska M EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS43-4 MJNeoplasms MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Radioimmunoassay MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001306 TICarcinoembryonic antigen and recurrent colorectal cancer. AUNorthover JM EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS44-6 MJCarcinoembryonic Antigen; Colonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonic Neoplasms /SU; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /SU; Reoperation MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001307 TIClinicopathological staging of colorectal cancer: has the time arrived? AUDavis NC; Evans EB; Cohen JR; Theile DE; Job D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS47-8 MJColonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonic Neoplasms /SU; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001308 TIImaging. AUBartram CI EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS49-50 MJColonic Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms MNColonic Neoplasms /RA; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Rectal Neoplasms /RA; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001309 TIMechanisms of flatulence and diarrhoea. AURead NW EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS5-6 MJDiarrhea; Flatulence MNColonic Diseases, Functional /PP; Defecation MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001310 TIClinical local staging of rectal cancer. AUNicholls RJ; Galloway DJ; Mason AY; Boyle P EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS51-2 MJNeoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MNNeoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Rectal Neoplasms /MO MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001311 TIHistological criteria for local excision. AUMorson BC EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS53-4 MJColonic Neoplasms /SU; Intestinal Polyps /SU; Rectal Neoplasms /SU MNBiopsy; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Intestinal Polyps /PA; Methods; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001312 TIIndications for local excision of rectal cancer. AUKillingback MJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS54-6 MJRectal Neoplasms /SU MNAdult; Aged; Methods; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001313 TITechniques of local surgical excision for rectal carcinoma. AUMann CV EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS57-8 MJRectal Neoplasms MNMethods MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001314 TIAdjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer: the MRC trials. AUDuncan W EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS59-62 MJRectal Neoplasms /RT MNClinical Trials; Great Britain; Radiotherapy /AE; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /SU MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001315 TIPre-operative radiotherapy in operable rectal cancer: interim report of a trial carried out by the Rectal Cancer Group. AUPorter NH; Nicholls RJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS62-4 MJAdenocarcinoma; Rectal Neoplasms /RT MNClinical Trials; Postoperative Complications; Rectal Neoplasms /MO /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001316 TIRadiation therapy and rectal carcinoma: The Princess Margaret Hospital experience. AUCummings BJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS64-6 MJAdenocarcinoma /RT; Rectal Neoplasms /RT MNAdenocarcinoma /PA /SU; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Rectal Neoplasms /PA /SU MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001317 TIFaecal occult blood testing: sensitivity and specificity. AUMacrae FA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS67-9 MJColonic Neoplasms; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdenoma /DI; Chromium Radioisotopes /DU; Methods MCReview MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001318 TIA control trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer: 2-year results. AUHardcastle JD; Armitage NC; Chamberlain J; Balfour TW; Amar SS EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS69-71 MJColonic Neoplasms; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms MNAdenoma /DI; Clinical Trials; Colonic Neoplasms /PA; Follow-Up Studies; Neoplasm Staging; Rectal Neoplasms /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001319 TIPathophysiology of constipation. AULennard-Jones JE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS7-8 MJConstipation /PP MNColon /PP; Constipation /ME /PX; Defecation; Dietary Fiber /ME; Sex Hormones /ME MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001320 TIThe feasibility of large scale population screening. AUEkelund G; Carlsson U; Janzon L EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS71-2 MJColonic Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Rectal Neoplasms MNAged; Colonic Neoplasms /OC; Middle Age; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms /OC; Sweden MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001321 TIDark red bleeding as a marker for large bowel neoplasms: a pilot study. AUSilman AJ; Mitchell P; Nicholls RJ; Macrae F; Leicester RJ; Bartram CI; Simmons M; Campbell P; Constable P; Hearn D EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS72-4 MJIntestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Large MNAdenoma /DI; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Occult Blood MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001322 TIIleorectal anastomosis. AUHawley PR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS75-6 MJAnus; Colitis, Ulcerative; Ileum MNColectomy; Methods; Postoperative Complications MTComparative Study; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001323 TIRestorative proctocolectomy with ileal reservoir. AUNicholls RJ; Moskowitz RL; Shepherd NA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS76-9 MJColectomy; Colitis, Ulcerative /SU; Ileum; Intestinal Polyps /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative /PP; Defecation; Intestinal Polyps /PP; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001324 TIArbuthnot Lane's disease: chronic intestinal stasis. AUPreston DM EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS8-10 MJConstipation MNAdult; Chronic Disease; Colon /PP; Constipation /TH; Defecation; Gastrointestinal Motility MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001325 TIIleal 'J' pouch-anal anastomosis. AUDozois RR EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS80-2 MJAnus; Colitis, Ulcerative /SU; Ileum; Intestinal Polyps /SU MNColitis, Ulcerative /PP; Defecation; Intestinal Polyps /PP; Methods; Postoperative Complications MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001326 TIDysplasia and cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. AURiddell RH EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS83 MJColitis, Ulcerative; Intestinal Neoplasms /ET; Precancerous Conditions /DI MNColitis, Ulcerative /PA; Intestinal Neoplasms /CL /DI; Precancerous Conditions /CL /PA MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001327 TICancer risk in ulcerative colitis: surveillance or surgery. AULennard-Jones JE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS84-6 MJColitis, Ulcerative; Colonic Neoplasms /ET; Rectal Neoplasms /ET MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms /DI; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Precancerous Conditions /DI; Rectal Neoplasms /DI; Risk MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001328 TICrohn's disease in childhood. AUSanderson IR; Walker-Smith JA EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS87-90 MJCrohn Disease MNChild; Crohn Disease /OC /TH; Food, Formulated; Steroids /TU MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001329 TICrohn's disease in young people. AURitchie JK EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS90-1 MJCrohn Disease /TH MNAdolescence; Child; Crohn Disease /MO; Follow-Up Studies MTFemale; Human; Male IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001330 TIThe short bowel. AUMclntyre PB EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS92-3 MJMalabsorption Syndromes; Short Bowel Syndrome MNElectrolytes /TU; Food, Fortified; Short Bowel Syndrome /ME MCReview MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001331 TIThe management of internal fistulae in Crohn's disease. AUGlass RE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS93-5 MJCrohn Disease; Intestinal Fistula /ET MNCrohn Disease /DT /SU; Intestinal Fistula /DT /SU; Postoperative Complications MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001332 TIAnal lesions in Crohn's disease. AULockhart-Mummery HE EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS95-6 MJAnus Diseases; Crohn Disease MNAnus Diseases /PA /SU; Crohn Disease /PA /SU MTHuman IS0007-1323 LAEnglish JCB34 SBA; M; X UI86001333 TIEpidermoid cancer of the anus. AUGreenall MJ; Quan SH; DeCosse JJ EM8601 SOBr J Surg (England), Sep 1985, 72 Suppl pS97-103 MJAnus Neoplasms /TH; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /TH MNAnus Neoplasms /PA /SU; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /PA /SU; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging MCReview MTHuman RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001334 TIBrittle diabetes [editorial] AUTattersall R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p555-7 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent MNAdolescence; Blood Glucose /ME; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /ME /PX; Factitious Disorders /DI; Hyperglycemia /PC; Insulin Resistance; Insulin /TU; Ketosis, Diabetic /TH; Stress, Psychological /CO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001335 TIEthics and politics [editorial] AUNicholson R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p557 MJEthics, Medical; Politics MNAcademies and Institutes; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001336 TIServices for people with head injury [editorial] AUGloag D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p557-8 MJHead Injuries MNCognition Disorders /RH; Great Britain; Quality of Health Care; Rehabilitation Centers /SD; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RN15676-16-1 (Sulpiride); 1852-49-9 (pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide); 2479-90-5 (estrone-3-glucuronide); 26445-07-8 (Pregnanediol); 53-16-7 (Estrone); 68-22-4 (Norethindrone); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001337 TISulpiride and the potentiation of progestogen only contraception. ABA progestogen (norethisterone) and a dopamine antagonist (sulpiride) were given alone and in combination to volunteers to examine their effects on excretion of ovarian steroids. Compared with non-treatment cycles (n = 15), contraception with a progestogen alone (n = 10) was associated with increased excretion of oestrone and partial suppression of excretion of pregnanediol, suggesting partial luteinization of unruptured follicles. By contrast, the combination of norethisterone and sulpiride (n = 9) suppressed both ovarian steroids to basal values, the suppression being even greater than with sulpiride alone (n = 5). These results suggest that a combination of a progestogen with a dopamine antagonist might have a role in contraception. AUPayne MR; Howie PW; McNeilly AS; Cooper W; Marnie M; Kidd L EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p559-61 MJContraceptives, Oral; Norethindrone; Sulpiride MNAdult; Drug Synergism; Estrogenic Substances, Conjugated /UR; Estrone /AA /UR; Menstrual Cycle; Ovary /SE; Pregnanediol /AA /UR; Prolactin /BL MTFemale; Human RN36894-69-6 (Labetalol); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 87-33-2 (Isosorbide Dinitrate) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001338 TIEffect of isosorbide dinitrate, verapamil, and labetalol on portal pressure in cirrhosis. ABThe effects on portal pressure of the vasodilatory drugs isosorbide dinitrate and verapamil and of an alpha and beta blocking agent, labetalol, were assessed in 21 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The wedged hepatic venous pressure gradient (wedged minus free hepatic venous pressures) was used as an index of portal pressure and was not significantly changed by treatment with labetalol (n = 5) but was significantly decreased by verapamil (n = 6; p less than 0.05) and isosorbide dinitrate (n = 10; p less than 0.01). Long term administration of isosorbide dinitrate also had a significant effect (p less than 0.01). AUFreeman JG; Barton JR; Record CO EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p561-2 MJHypertension, Portal /DT; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Labetalol; Liver Cirrhosis; Verapamil MNHypertension, Portal /CO; Liver Cirrhosis /PP; Venous Pressure MTHuman RN555-30-6 (Methyldopa); 6452-71-7 (Oxprenolol); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001339 TIAntihypertensive treatment in pregnancy: analysis of different responses to oxprenolol and methyldopa. ABOne hundred and eighty three hypertensive pregnant women were randomly assigned to antihypertensive treatment with oxprenolol (96 women) or methyldopa (87 women). Control of hypertension was equivalent in both treatment groups, and in 64 (35%) cases hydralazine had to be added to the treatment to achieve the therapeutic goal (diastolic blood pressure below 85 mm Hg). Five perinatal deaths occurred, one in the oxprenolol group and four in the methyldopa group. Detailed analysis confirmed a previous report of greater fetal growth in the group treated with oxprenolol; this trend was present regardless of severity of hypertension and parity. With increasing duration of treatment the differences between the two groups diminished, and there was no difference after 10 weeks of treatment, a finding that may explain some of the reported discrepancies among therapeutic studies. As hypertension in pregnancy may pursue an accelerated course, necessitating urgent delivery, and there is no satisfactory method of predicting the duration of treatment in individual patients fetal benefit is most likely to be achieved by treatment with oxprenolol, provided that there is no maternal contraindication to treatment with beta blockers. AUGallery ED; Ross MR; Gyory AZ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p563-6 MJHypertension; Methyldopa; Oxprenolol; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular MNAdult; Birth Weight; Clinical Trials; Hydralazine /TU; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Random Allocation MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 59-30-3 (Folic Acid); 68-19-9 (Vitamin B 12); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 951-78-0 (Deoxyuridine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001340 TIToxicity of bone marrow in dentists exposed to nitrous oxide. ABThe morphology of the bone marrow of 21 dentists who habitually used nitrous oxide in their surgeries was investigated. Exposure to nitrous oxide was measured with an atmospheric sampling device, and each dentist was invited to fill in a questionnaire giving details of medical history, diet, and intake of alcohol. During the trial a full neurological and haematological investigation was carried out and a bone marrow aspirate was examined both morphologically and by the deoxyuridine suppression test. Mean exposures to nitrous oxide ranged from 159 to 4600 parts per million. In all subjects serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were within normal limits. Abnormal results of deoxyuridine suppression tests were obtained in three of the 20 dentists tested; two of these three had abnormal white cells in their peripheral blood films. This study provides direct evidence that occupational exposure to nitrous oxide may cause depression of vitamin B12 activity resulting in measurable changes in bone marrow secondary to impaired synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. AUSweeney B; Bingham RM; Amos RJ; Petty AC; Cole PV EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p567-9 MJAnesthesia, Dental; Bone Marrow; Dentists; Nitrous Oxide; Occupational Diseases MNBone Marrow /ME /PA; DNA /BI; Deoxyuridine /PD; Folic Acid /BL; Occupational Diseases /ME /PA; Vitamin B 12 /BL MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (feverfew); 113-15-5 (Ergotamine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001341 TIEfficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine. ABSeventeen patients who ate fresh leaves of feverfew daily as prophylaxis against migraine participated in a double blind placebo controlled trial of the herb: eight patients received capsules containing freeze dried feverfew powder and nine placebo. Those who received placebo had a significant increase in the frequency and severity of headache, nausea, and vomiting with the emergence of untoward effects during the early months of treatment. The group given capsules of feverfew showed no change in the frequency or severity of symptoms of migraine. This provides evidence that feverfew taken prophylactically prevents attacks of migraine, and confirmatory studies are now indicated, preferably with a formulation controlled for sesquiterpene lactone content, in migraine sufferers who have never treated themselves with this herb. AUJohnson ES; Kadam NP; Hylands DM; Hylands PJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p569-73 MJMigraine; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes MNAdult; Blood Pressure /DE; Body Weight; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Ergotamine /TU; Middle Age; Nausea; Vomiting MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.21.- (Plasminogen Activators); 0 (plasminogen activator inhibitor) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001342 TIPlasminogen activator inhibitor in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. AUParamo JA; Colucci M; Collen D; van de Werf F EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p573-4 MJCoronary Disease; Glycoproteins; Plasminogen Activators MNAdult; Aged; Antigens /AN; Fibrinolysis; Middle Age; Plasminogen Activators /IM MTFemale; Human; Male RN53-03-2 (Prednisone); 53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 651-48-9 (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001343 TIPlasma testosterone concentrations in asthmatic men treated with glucocorticoids. AUReid IR; Ibbertson HK; France JT; Pybus J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p574 MJAsthma; Prednisone; Testosterone MNAdult; Aged; Asthma /DT; Dehydroepiandrosterone /AA /BL; FSH /BL; LH /BL; Middle Age; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin /ME; Zinc /BL MTHuman; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001344 TIGeneral practitioner and long term care of patients with a spinal injury. ABA questionnaire was sent to disabled people to ascertain what part their general practitioners played in their long term care. The average consultation rate was 4.40 per patient a year. Overall, it appeared that the patients were most concerned with the general practitioner's attitude towards them and the general practitioner's availability. AUMulroy R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p575-7 MJFamily Practice; Spinal Injuries MNAdult; Attitude of Health Personnel; England; Health Services Accessibility; Long Term Care; Middle Age; Physician-Patient Relations MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001345 TIPractical considerations in conducting research in primary medical care. AUMurphy EA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p577-8 MJPrimary Health Care MNAntibiotics /TU; Child; Otitis Media /DT; Parents; Professional-Family Relations; Research MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001346 TIRett's syndrome in the west of Scotland. ABNineteen girls with characteristic features of Rett's syndrome, including normal initial development, regression at about 12 months of age, repetitive hand movements, and severe mental handicap were studied. This represents an estimated incidence of one in 30 000 live births (one in 15 000 girls) in the west of Scotland. Although the children were often initially considered to be autistic, they did not conform to this diagnosis as they made good personal contact within the limits of their mental development. The developmental regression was sometimes falsely attributed to vaccination. Each child showed striking involuntary movements and abnormality of tone, varying from hypotonia, which was found only in the youngest, to rigidity, which was common in older girls; this permitted classification into three clinical subtypes. The abnormalities were highly suggestive of an extrapyramidal disorder, and this has implications for further research and possible treatment. AUKerr AM; Stephenson JB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p579-82 MJChild Development Disorders /OC; Mental Retardation /OC; Movement Disorders /OC MNAdolescence; Cephalometry; Child Development Disorders /CO; Child, Preschool; Child; Hand; Mental Retardation /CO; Movement Disorders /CO; Scotland; Stereotyped Behavior; Syndrome MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001347 TIDevelopmental paediatrics in primary care: what should we teach? ABThere is little agreement about what constitutes good developmental paediatric practice at the level of primary care. Many of the available screening tests are intrinsically unsatisfactory or badly performed, but screening is only a small part of developmental paediatrics. Every primary care doctor should be familiar with the scientific basis of the subject even if a decision is made not to embark on a formal screening programme. AUBaird G; Hall DM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p583-6 MJChild Development Disorders; Education, Medical, Graduate; Family Practice; Pediatrics MNChild, Preschool; Child; Deafness /DI; Great Britain; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Referral and Consultation; Vision Disorders /DI; Visual Acuity MTHuman RN7553-56-2 (Iodine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001348 TIABC of nutrition. Malnutrition in the Third World--II. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p587-9 MJDeveloping Countries; Nutrition Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Goiter, Endemic /OC; Health Education; Iodine /DF; Vitamin A Deficiency /PC /TH; Xerophthalmia /PC /TH MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001349 TIDisaster planning: managing the media. AUPartington AJ; Savage PE EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p590-2 MJCommunication; Disaster Planning MNEngland MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001350 TIRe-expansion pulmonary oedema: a potentially serious complication of delayed diagnosis of pneumothorax. ABRe-expansion pulmonary oedema may develop if diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax are delayed. This condition may be fatal if inappropriately managed. AUHenderson AF; Banham SW; Moran F EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p593-4 MJPneumothorax; Pulmonary Edema MNAdolescence; Adult; Pneumothorax /RA; Pulmonary Edema /RA; Time Factors MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001351 TIEconomics of coronary artery bypass grafting [letter] AUJarrett RJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p600 MJAortocoronary Bypass MNCost Benefit Analysis; Great Britain; Quality of Life MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001352 TIOver the counter sale of topical corticosteroids [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p600-1 MJDrugs, Non-Prescription; Hydrocortisone, Topical MNSkin Diseases /DT MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001353 TIEar wax and otitis media in children [letter] AUel-Silimy OE; Gibbin KP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p601-2 MJCerumen; Otitis Media MNChild MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001354 TIMalnutrition, ignorance, and poverty [letter] AUHope R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p602 MJNutrition Disorders; Poverty MNAdult; Child; Food Supply MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001355 TISalt and hypertension [letter] AUFowler AW; Barnfield J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p602 MJDiet, Sodium-Restricted; Hypertension MNHealth Education MTHuman RN6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001356 TIThyroxine replacement treatment [letter] AUGoolden AW EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p602-3 MJThyroxine MNThyroidectomy; Triiodothyronine /BL MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001357 TIGastric emptying in chronic renal failure [letter] AUParr N; Mackie CR; Baxter JN; Jenkins SA; Ellenbogen S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603 MJGastric Emptying; Kidney Failure, Chronic MNGastric Acid /SE MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001358 TISomatic component to myocardial infarction [letter] AUWard A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603 MJMyocardial Infarction MNBackache /DI; Diagnosis, Differential MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001359 TIVisual evoked potentials in diabetics without retinopathy [letter] AUPapakostopoulos D; Dean Hart JC; Harney B; Corrall RJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Evoked Potentials, Visual MNRetina /PP MTHuman RN90-34-6 (Primaquine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001360 TIMixed malarial infection due to Plasmodium falciparum and P vivax [letter] AUGilks C; Pasvol G; Juel-Jensen B EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p603-4 MJMalaria MNAdult; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Plasmodium Falciparum; Plasmodium Vivax; Primaquine /TU MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001362 TISocial class differences in fetal and neonatal mortality rates [letter] AUThomas J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p605 MJFetal Death; Infant Mortality; Social Class MNInfant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Wales MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001363 TIWithdrawal of funds for animal experiments at the University of Pennsylvania [letter] AUMoore EJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p605 MJAnimal Welfare; Animals, Laboratory; Ethics, Medical MNPennsylvania; Research Support; Scotland MTAnimal RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001365 TIFatal immune haemolysis associated with nomifensine [letter] AURoss JR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p606 MJAnemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Nomifensine MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001366 TIWhat about the bleeding time [letter] AUGiles AR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p606 MJBleeding Time; Platelet Function Tests MNChild; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001367 TIComparison of barium swallow and ultrasound in diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux in children [letter] AUCarre IJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Aug 31 1985, 291(6495) p606-7 MJBarium Sulfate; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNChild; Hernia, Hiatal /DI; Infant MTComparative Study; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001368 TIQuality of life in cancer trials [editorial] AUBrinkley D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p685-6 MJClinical Trials; Neoplasms; Quality of Life MNPalliative Treatment MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001369 TICranial irradiation in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia: time for reappraisal [editorial] AUChessells JM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p686-7 MJBrain /RE; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic MNBrain /PP; Child, Preschool; Child; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy /AE MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001370 TIPhantom pregnancy [editorial] AUDrife JO EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p687-8 MJPseudopregnancy MNAdult; Amenorrhea /CO; Pseudopregnancy /ET /PP; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001371 TIClinical management of benzodiazepine dependence. AUHiggitt AC; Lader MH; Fonagy P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p688-90 MJBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers; Substance Dependence /TH MNBenzodiazepine Tranquilizers /AD /AE; Drug Administration Schedule; Substance Dependence /PC /PX; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /PC; Time Factors MTHuman RN56-40-6 (Glycine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001372 TIAbsorption of 1.5% glycine after percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal stone disease. ABAn elderly normotensive man underwent percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal stone disease, the procedure lasting three hours and the fragments being washed out with 20 l 1.5% glycine. After two hours the inflation pressure had risen to 25 cm H2O and his blood pressure to 150 mm Hg. Inflation pressure continued to rise until drainage tubes were inserted into the retroperitoneal space, releasing a large volume of fluid, some of which appeared to be from the peritoneal cavity. Shortly after transfer to the recovery area the patient showed signs of the transurethral resection syndrome, with hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, and hypertension. He was treated appropriately and survived. Low infusion pressures should be used for irrigation during lithotripsy and 0.9% saline instead of 1.5% glycine. In patients given a general anaesthetic any rise in inflation pressure suggests extravasation of fluid and warrants emergency estimation of the plasma sodium concentration. AUSinclair JF; Hutchison A; Baraza R; Telfer AB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p691-2 MJExtravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Glycine; Kidney Calculi; Lithotripsy MNAbsorption; Aged MTCase Report; Human; Male RN146-22-5 (Nitrazepam) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001373 TIProlonged use of nitrazepam for epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis. ABA case note study of 90 children with tuberous sclerosis showed that 56 had taken nitrazepam for seizures for from one month to 13 years. In 38 children nitrazepam was withdrawn but only two had immediate major seizures. Given that sleepiness, deterioration in motor skills, or ataxia seems to be associated in some children with treatment with nitrazepam, doctors may wish to review their long term prescriptions of this drug in children with tuberous sclerosis. AUDennis J; Hunt A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p692-3 MJEpilepsy, Myoclonus; Nitrazepam /TU; Tuberous Sclerosis /DT MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Epilepsy, Myoclonus /ET; Infant; Nitrazepam /AE; Tuberous Sclerosis /CO MTHuman RN60-27-5 (Creatinine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001374 TINormal variations in rate of albumin excretion and albumin to creatinine ratios in overnight and daytime urine collections in non-diabetic children. ABUrine albumin excretion measured over consecutive weekends and on repeated first morning collections from normal children showed considerable variation both during the day and from day to day in each subject. The results emphasise the need for repeated measurement of albumin excretion in children to confirm the presence of persistent microalbuminuria. AURowe DJ; Bagga H; Betts PB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p693-4 MJAlbuminuria; Creatinine MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Circadian Rhythm; False Positive Reactions MTFemale; Human; Male RN9001-28-9 (Factor IX) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001375 TIAIDS and haemophilia: morbidity and morality in a well defined population. ABOne hundred and forty-three multitransfused patients with hereditary haemostatic disorders were examined for evidence of disease related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ninety-nine patients with severe haemophilia A were tested for anti-HTLV-III and 76 were found to be positive. All except one of these seropositive patients had received commercial factor VIII concentrates at some time. Eighteen patients with haemophilia B were tested and all were anti-HTLV-III negative. Three out of 36 sexual partners of patients with haemophilia A positive for anti-HTLV-III were also seropositive. One, who had recently received blood transfusions, had AIDS with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Three patients with severe haemophilia A died from Aids. A further 30 haemophiliacs had AIDS related complex or lymphadenopathy that could be related to HTLV-III infection. There was a significant correlation between lymphadenopathy and anti-HTLV-III seropositivity. No evidence of casual spread of AIDS was found since all 68 health care staff tested were anti-HTLV-III negative, including three surgeons who regularly worked with patients positive for anti-HTLV-III. The resources devoted to counselling and laboratory support in centres treating people at risk and their families need to be urgently reassessed. AUJones P; Hamilton PJ; Bird G; Fearns M; Oxley A; Tedder R; Cheingsong-Popov R; Codd A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p695-9 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /IM; Hemophilia MNAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome /ET /MO; Adolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Viral /IM; Blood Transfusion /AE; Child; England; Factor IX /TU; Factor VIII /TU; Hemophilia /MO /TH; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus /IM; Middle Age; Risk MTHuman; Male RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001376 TICoffee, tea, and plasma cholesterol: the Jerusalem Lipid Research Clinic prevalence study. ABThe association of intake of coffee and tea, assessed by 24 hour dietary recall, with plasma cholesterol and its lipoprotein fractions was studied in a sample of 1007 men and 589 women aged 35-64 resident in Jerusalem. These cross sectional data showed a significant linear association (p less than 0.001) between consumption of coffee in men and plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Men who drank five cups of coffee or more had plasma cholesterol concentrations about 0.5 mmol/l (20 mg/100 ml) higher than non-drinkers after controlling for age, ethnicity, body mass, education, season of year, smoking, tea drinking, and dietary intake of fat and carbohydrates. In women adjusted mean plasma cholesterol concentration was 0.34 mmol/l (13 mg/100 ml) higher in coffee drinkers grouped together (p less than 0.01). The test for a linear trend was not significant. The association in both sexes was largely with the low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction. High density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were somewhat increased in women who drank coffee (p less than 0.01 for a linear trend) but not in men. Tea drinking was not associated with unadjusted plasma cholesterol concentrations in either sex. Male tea drinkers, but not female, had slightly higher adjusted plasma cholesterol concentrations than non-drinkers (0.15 mmol/l (6 mg/100 ml), p = 0.04). No dose response relation was evident. In this population, characterised by a low intake of saturated fatty acids and relatively low mean plasma cholesterol concentrations, coffee drinking may be a determinant of low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. AUKark JD; Friedlander Y; Kaufmann NA; Stein Y EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p699-704 MJCholesterol; Coffee; Tea MNAdult; Diet; Ethnic Groups; Israel; Jews; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol /BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol /BL; Middle Age; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN121-54-0 (Benzethonium); 25155-18-4 (methylbenzethonium); 7542-37-2 (Paromomycin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001377 TITopical treatment of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis with ointment containing paromomycin and methylbenzethonium chloride. AUel-On J; Weinrauch L; Livshin R; Even-Paz Z; Jacobs GP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p704-5 MJAmmonium Compounds; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Benzethonium /AD; Leishmaniasis; Paromomycin MNAdministration, Topical; Anti-Infective Agents, Local /TU; Benzethonium /AA /TU; Leishmania tropica /IP; Leishmaniasis /PS; Middle Age; Ointments; Paromomycin /TU; Recurrence MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001378 TINutritional support improves antibody response to influenza virus vaccine in the elderly. AUChandra RK; Puri S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p705-6 MJAntibodies, Viral; Influenza Vaccine; Nutrition MNAged; Aging; Orthomyxovirus Type A, Human /IM MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001379 TIFast atrial fibrillation induced by treatment of psoriasis with azathioprine. AUDodd HJ; Tatnall FM; Sarkany I EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p706 MJAtrial Fibrillation; Azathioprine; Psoriasis MNMiddle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001380 TIOrchidopexy: theory and practice. AUCooper BJ; Little TM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p706-7 MJCryptorchism /SU MNAdolescence; Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Child; Cryptorchism /OC; England MTHuman; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001381 TIHaemophilus parainfluenzae and H influenzae respiratory infections: comparison of clinical features. AURhind GB; Gould GA; Ahmad F; Croughan MJ; Calder MA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p707-8 MJHaemophilus Infections; Para-Influenza MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Haemophilus Influenzae /IP; Middle Age; Para-Influenza Viruses /IP; Retrospective Studies MTComparative Study; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001382 TIEffect of coroners' rules on death certification for alcoholic liver disease. AUMaxwell JD; Knapman P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p708 MJDeath Certificates; Legislation, Medical; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic MNAutopsy; Coroners and Medical Examiners; England; Middle Age; Retrospective Studies; Wales MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001383 TIDoes the underprivileged area index work? ABThe underprivileged area index was developed by Jarman to identify areas with the greatest need for general practitioner services and where general practitioners were under the greatest pressure. We found that in wards that scored the worst on the underprivileged area index the doctor:patient ratios were the highest. We suggest that the index needs to be used with other indicators to identify variations in need in small areas. AULeavey R; Wood J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p709-11 MJMedically Underserved Area MNGreat Britain; Physicians, Family /SD; Primary Health Care /MA; Work Schedule Tolerance MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001384 TIGP obstetrics: safe but endangered. AUJewell D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p711-2 MJFamily Practice; Obstetrics MNChoice Behavior; Continuity of Patient Care; Great Britain; Risk MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001385 TIFirst consensus development conference in United Kingdom: on coronary artery bypass grafting. I. Views of audience, panel, and speakers. AUStocking B EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p713-6 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Technology Assessment, Biomedical MNAttitude; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001386 TIFirst consensus development conference in United Kingdom: on coronary artery bypass grafting. II. Commentary by chairman of conference. AUJennett B EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p716-8 MJAortocoronary Bypass; Technology Assessment, Biomedical MNGreat Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001387 TIStudent audit of clinical teaching: a three year study. ABAn audit of teaching to junior clinical students in the University of Birmingham organised by students identified several surgical and medical firms on which they received little clinical teaching. Consultants spent an average of four and a half hours a week teaching junior students on the wards, arrived about 10 minutes late for that teaching, but missed less than 10% of teaching sessions. Junior students missed less than 10% of consultant teaching sessions and found them useful, though not always stimulating. Audit organised by students is an acceptable method of monitoring the informal teaching received by clinical students. AULockwood DN; Goldman LH; McManus IC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p719-21 MJEducation, Medical, Undergraduate; Students, Medical; Teaching MNEngland; Hospitals, Teaching; Time Factors MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001388 TIGuidelines on authorship. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p722 MJAuthorship MNInternational Cooperation IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001389 TIABC of nutrition. Obesity: causes and management. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p723-6 MJObesity MNBody Weight; Diet; Exertion; Feeding Behavior; Obesity /TH MTHuman RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001390 TINeonatal hypoglycaemia: an important early sign of endocrine disorders. AUStanhope R; Brook CG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p728-9 MJEndocrine Diseases; Hypoglycemia MNAge Determination by Skeleton; Body Height; Child, Preschool; Endocrine Diseases /DT; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Somatotropin /TU MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001391 TIMore corneal grafts [letter] AUTullo AB; Tutton MK; Ridgway AE; Dyer P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p735 MJCornea MNEye Banks; Great Britain MTHuman RN7429-90-5 (Aluminum) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001392 TISerum aluminium concentration and aluminium deposits in bone in patients receiving hemodialysis [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p735-6 MJAluminum; Bone and Bones MNHemodialysis MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001393 TIEconomics of coronary artery bypass grafting [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p736-7 MJAortocoronary Bypass MNCost Benefit Analysis; Heart /TR; Middle Age MTHuman RN7727-43-7 (Barium Sulfate) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001394 TIGeneral practitioners' advice on smoking to patients referred for barium meals [letter] AUPreston PG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p737 MJBarium Sulfate; Smoking MNDuodenal Ulcer /DI; Enema MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001395 TIMetabolic control of insulin dependent diabetes after pancreas transplantation [letter] AUConnolly A EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p737-8 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent; Pancreas MNDenervation MTHuman RN50-78-2 (Aspirin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001396 TIThe low dose aspirin controversy solved at last? [letter] AUEastham RD EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p738-9 MJAspirin MNBlood Platelets /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001397 TIChronic bronchial sepsis and progressive lung disease [letter] AUGoddard PR; Tajuddin UA; McGivern D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p739 MJBronchiectasis; Lung Diseases MNAdult; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001398 TICSM update: adverse drug reactions and the liver [letter] AULake-Bakaar G; Cameron HA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p739 MJKetoconazole; Liver Diseases MNLiver Cirrhosis /CI MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001399 TIIdiopathic hypopituitarism in the elderly [letter] AUJeffcoate WJ; Cotton RE EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p739-40 MJHypopituitarism; Hypothalamic Diseases MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001400 TIScreening for Down's syndrome using alpha fetoprotein [letter] AUWyatt PR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p740 MJAlpha Fetoproteins; Down's Syndrome MNPregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001401 TIIgM and IgG antibodies to HTLV-III in the lymphadenopathy syndrome and subjects at risk for AIDS [letter] AUPouletty P; Kadouche J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p741 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus; Immunoglobulins MNLymphatic Diseases /IM MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001402 TIWho works in family planning clinics? AUFisher F; Kirkman R; Smith C EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p753-4 MJCommunity Health Services; Family Planning MNGreat Britain; Physicians MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001403 TICareer structure--the modern doctors' dilemma. AUTodd G; O'Brien M; Gooding D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 14 1985, 291(6497) p755-6 MJCareer Mobility; Physicians MNAge Factors; Great Britain; State Medicine MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001404 TISeat belts and risk compensation [editorial] AUMackay M EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p757-8 MJRisk-Taking; Seat Belts MNAccidents, Traffic /PC; Great Britain; Wounds and Injuries /PC MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001405 TIPrevention and treatment of brain ischaemia [editorial] AUHinds CJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p758-60 MJCerebral Ischemia MNCerebral Ischemia /PP /TH; Prognosis MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001406 TIMedical hazards from dogs [editorial] AUBewley BR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p760-1 MJAnimals, Domestic; Dogs; Public Health MNAccidents, Traffic; Bites and Stings; Dog Diseases /PC; Feces /MI; Great Britain; Vaccination MTAnimal; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001407 TIFailure of communication [editorial] AULock S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p761 MJCommunication; Science MNEducation; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001408 TIMonoclonal antibodies in clinical medicine. AUDick HM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p762-4 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal MNAntibodies, Monoclonal /DU /IM /TU; Antigens, Bacterial /IM; Antigens, Surface /IM; Antigens, Viral /IM; Cross Reactions; Graft Rejection; Kidney /TR; Leukemia /TH; Mice; Neoplasms /DI /TH MCReview MTAnimal; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001409 TIFirst trimester prenatal diagnosis and detection of carriers of haemophilia A using the linked DNA probe DX13. ABAlthough the use of a gene specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probe is the method of choice for detecting carriers of genes for rare genetic disorders, there will always be families in which such probes cannot be used because key subjects are not informative for restriction fragment length polymorphisms in or around the gene. In these cases closely linked DNA markers have to be used. An X chromosome specific DNA probe, DX13, which is closely linked to the haemophilia A locus on the X chromosome, was used for early prenatal diagnosis in two cases and to detect carriers in a series of nine possible heterozygote women. The first reported crossover between DX13 and the factor VIII:C locus was observed in this study. There are complexities inherent in using any linked DNA probe for assignment of genes, but such techniques are clinically important. AUWinter RM; Harper K; Goldman E; Mibashan RS; Warren RC; Rodeck CH; Penketh RJ; Ward RH; Hardisty RM; Pembrey ME EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p765-9 MJGenetic Marker; Hemophilia; Heterozygote; Prenatal Diagnosis MNLinkage (Genetics); Pedigree; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy; Risk MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001410 TISmall bowel biopsy for malabsorption: comparison of the diagnostic adequacy of endoscopic forceps and capsule biopsy specimens. ABBiopsy specimens of the small bowel were obtained from 40 patients suspected of having malabsorption. Four different techniques were used at a single session--namely, endoscopic biopsy of the descending duodenum using paediatric and standard size forceps and suction capsule biopsy of the descending duodenum and the proximal jejunum. Specimens were compared for size, adequacy, and ability to confirm or exclude mucosal abnormality. Fourteen patients had villous atrophy. In all patients four biopsy specimens were obtained with paediatric endoscopic forceps and four with standard endoscopic forceps. No capsule biopsy specimen was retrieved from the duodenum in three patients and from the jejunum in five patients. Specimens were considered to be adequate in 36 patients when paediatric forceps were used, in 39 when standard forceps were used, in 28 on duodenal capsule biopsy, and in 32 on jejunal capsule biopsy. This study indicates that the most reliable method for diagnosing or excluding villous atrophy is endoscopic forceps biopsy of the descending duodenum, provided that at least four specimens are obtained with standard size forceps. AUMee AS; Burke M; Vallon AG; Newman J; Cotton PB EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p769-72 MJBiopsy; Intestine, Small; Malabsorption Syndromes MNAdult; Aged; Atrophy /PA; Duodenum /PA; Endoscopy; Middle Age; Mucous Membrane /PA MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001411 TIDiagnostic value of thyrotrophin releasing hormone tests in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. ABA prospective study was carried out to compare clinical and biochemical thyroid states with responses of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in elderly patients with either atrial fibrillation (n = 75; mean age (SD) 79.3 (6.0) years) or sinus rhythm (n = 73; mean age 78.4 (5.6) years) admitted consecutively to the department of geriatric medicine. No patient in either group had symptoms or signs of hyperthyroidism. Overall, the TSH responses to TRH did not differ significantly between the two groups. Ten (13%) of the patients with atrial fibrillation (of whom four had raised thyroid hormone concentrations) and five (7%) of the patients with sinus rhythm showed no TSH response to TRH while 26% of each group (20 and 19 patients, respectively) showed a much reduced response. Only one of 13 patients with apparently isolated atrial fibrillation showed no TSH response to TRH, and none of these 13 patients was hyperthyroid. In particular, three patients (two with atrial fibrillation and one with sinus rhythm) who showed no TSH response to TRH at presentation exhibited a return of TSH response to TRH at follow up six weeks later. In conclusion, reduced or absent TSH responses to TRH are common in sick elderly patients whether they have atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm and whether they are euthyroid or hyperthyroid biochemically. An absence of response is therefore an uncertain marker of hyperthyroidism in these groups of patients, and diagnosis and ablative treatment should be based at least on the presence of raised circulating free triiodothyronine or free thyroxine concentrations, or both. AUDavies AB; Williams I; John R; Hall R; Scanlon MF EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p773-6 MJAtrial Fibrillation /ET; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNAged; Atrial Fibrillation /BL; Hyperthyroidism /CO /DI; Prospective Studies; Thyrotropin /BL; Thyroxine /BL; Triiodothyronine /BL MTFemale; Human; Male RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001412 TIMechanism of malignant hypercalcaemia in carcinoma of the breast. ABTo investigate the mechanisms of hypercalcaemia in carcinoma of the breast, 22 patients with hypercalcaemia due to metastatic carcinoma were studied and the findings compared with those obtained in normal subjects and patients with benign and malignant breast disease without hypercalcaemia. As expected, patients with metastases of bone showed biochemical evidence of increased bone resorption. Whereas all patients with hypercalcaemia had skeletal metastases, not all patients with skeletal metastases had hypercalcaemia despite considerable degrees of bone resorption. The presence of hypercalcaemia was associated with a significant increase in renal tubular reabsorption of calcium (p less than 0.001) and decreased reabsorption of phosphate (p less than 0.001) despite adequate rehydration of patients. These studies suggest that increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, possibly mediated by a humoral factor with activity similar to that of parathyroid hormone, contributes appreciably to the hypercalcaemia of malignant breast disease. AUPercival RC; Yates AJ; Gray RE; Galloway J; Rogers K; Neal FE; Kanis JA EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p776-9 MJBreast Neoplasms /PP; Hypercalcemia /PP MNAbsorption; Bone Neoplasms /SC; Breast Neoplasms /CO; Calcium /BL /UR; Creatinine /UR; Hydroxyproline /UR; Hypercalcemia /ET; Kidney Tubules /PP MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001413 TIScreening of Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen using a third generation technique. ABThe profit to be gained by testing Danish blood donors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a third generation technique instead of the currently used immunoelectrophoresis was investigated by additional screening of 48 750 blood units by radioimmunoassay three weeks after donation. Twenty nine units were positive for HBsAg on radioimmunoassay (0.059%). Only six of these were found by immunoelectrophoresis (0.012%). Most of the 23 donors positive on radioimmunoassay and negative on immunoelectrophoresis were healthy carriers of HBsAg (20) or had asymptomatic chronic liver disease (two). One donor had acute hepatitis B. Fifteen of the 23 blood units were transfused. The 15 recipients were monitored biochemically and serologically for up to nine months. One recipient developed fulminant hepatitis B, three developed acute hepatitis B, and one became a healthy carrier of HBsAg. All these patients had received blood from healthy carriers of HBsAg. Two recipients were immunised against HBsAg, and in one patient no seroconversion was observed. The remaining recipients died soon after transfusion or were protected by antibodies to HBsAg that had been present before the transfusion. Testing of Danish blood donors using a third generation technique identified a substantial number of donors positive for HBsAg overlooked by immunoelectrophoresis. Most of these donors were healthy carriers of HBsAg. Blood taken from such carriers is highly infectious when transfused, probably because of the large amount of material transmitted. AUWantzin P; Nielsen JO; Tygstrup N; Soerensen H; Dybkjaer E EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p780-2 MJBlood Donors; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens MNDenmark; Immunoelectrophoresis; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001414 TIScreening for antimalarial maculopathy in rheumatology clinics. ABOphthalmoscopy and three tests of visual function were undertaken in 39 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving treatment with antimalarial drugs and in a control group of 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were not receiving such treatment. Visual contrast sensitivity, macular threshold to red light, and central visual fields to red targets were not significantly different in treated patients and controls. There were no abnormalities in visual acuity, but 11 of 76 eyes of treated patients showed minor macular abnormalities on ophthalmoscopy that were not seen in control patients, suggesting that ophthalmoscopy may be the most sensitive measure of early drug toxicity. Five rheumatologists were able to identify 52 of 65 minor changes detected by an ophthalmologist. These studies, and a critical review of published reports, suggest that in clinical practice antimalarial drugs can be administered safely to patients with rheumatoid arthritis without the need for repetitive routine examination by an ophthalmologist or the use of complicated physiological tests. Recording of visual acuity in each eye and ophthalmoscopy by the prescribing doctor may be all that are required to detect early antimalarial maculopathy. AUFleck BW; Bell AL; Mitchell JD; Thomson BJ; Hurst NP; Nuki G EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p782-5 MJAntimalarials; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Macular Degeneration MNAdult; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid /PP; Middle Age; Ophthalmoscopy; Visual Acuity /DE MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001415 TIEffect of seat belt legislation on the incidence of sternal fractures seen in the accident department. AUBudd JS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p785 MJFractures; Legislation; Seat Belts; Sternum MNAccidents, Traffic; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Emergencies; Great Britain; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male RN14931-83-0 (cobalt-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid chelate); 60-00-4 (EDTA) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001416 TICyanide toxicity after immersion and the hazards of dicobalt edetate. AUDodds C; McKnight C EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p785-6 MJAccidents, Occupational; Cyanides; EDTA; Edema MNAdult MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001417 TIIs cardiac ultrasound mandatory in patients with transient ischaemic attacks? AUShapiro LM; Westgate CJ; Shine K; Donaldson R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p786-7 MJCerebral Ischemia, Transient; Echocardiography MNCerebral Ischemia, Transient /ET; Heart Diseases /CO MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001418 TIPsoas muscle hypertrophy: mechanical cause for ╥jogger's trots?╙ AUDawson DJ; Khan AN; Shreeve DR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p787-8 MJColon; Jogging; Muscles; Running MNAdult; Colon /RA; Hypertrophy MTCase Report; Human; Male RN378-44-9 (Betamethasone) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001419 TIDouble blind, placebo controlled trial of betamethasone nasal drops for nasal polyposis. AUChalton R; Mackay I; Wilson R; Cole P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p788 MJBetamethasone; Nasal Polyps MNAdministration, Intranasal; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Middle Age; Posture MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001420 TIIs the distribution of training practices appropriate for the needs of general practice? ABThe distribution of practices that train general practitioners in the west of Scotland was examined. The concentration of training practices is lowest in conurbations that are grossly deprived. Several topics require debate: should trainees be given experience in such areas as an elective? Should the criteria for selecting training practices be similar in all areas? Should practices in deprived areas be encouraged to apply to become training practices? AUMurray TS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p789-90 MJEducation, Medical, Graduate; Family Practice; Preceptorship MNFamily Practice /ED; Medically Underserved Area; Quality of Health Care; Scotland MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001421 TIClinical trial of common treatments for low back pain in family practice. ABThe results of a multicentered randomised clinical trial are reported of bed rest and of a physiotherapy and education programme for patients who presented in family practice with an acute episode of low back pain. No beneficial effect of either treatment was observed on several clinical outcome measures, including straight leg raising, lumbar flexion, activities of daily living, and pain. In fact the results favoured early mobilisation over bed rest and suggested that the physiotherapy and education programme was doing more harm than good. Moreover, additional analyses, which focused on clinically interesting patient subgroups, discovered no subset of patients who benefited from either of the treatments under study. Having failed to identify any clinically important benefits, or other explanations for these negative results, we can only conclude that family doctors have little reason to prescribe either bed rest or isometric exercises to patients who suffer from low back pain. AUGilbert JR; Taylor DW; Hildebrand A; Evans C EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p791-4 MJBackache /TH MNBackache /RH; Bed Rest; Canada; Clinical Trials; Family Practice; Patient Compliance; Physical Therapy MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001422 TISurvey of health visiting in antenatal care. ABThe range of the health visitor's work is expanding. To find out what antenatal work health visitors actually carry out and what their attitudes towards such work are we surveyed general practitioners, midwives, and health visitors in three district health authorities. The results indicate that health visitors are qualified and willing to work with women in the antenatal period. AUMcCabe F; Rocheron Y EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p794-6 MJCommunity Health Nursing; Prenatal Care MNCommunication Barriers; England; Ethnic Groups; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001423 TIIncreasing use of private practice by patients in Oxford requiring common elective surgical operations. ABA random sample of 6000 people from eight general practices in and around Oxford was studied to ascertain their surgical histories and method of care received. The proportion of operations that were performed privately had increased with time and had a steep gradient according to social class. Different procedures had different likelihoods of being performed privately, but the age and sex of the patient had a non-significant association with private surgery. Adjustment for possible confounding variables using logistic analysis indicated that in the 1980s elective surgery is five times more likely to be performed privately than it was at the institution of the National Health Service. AUMcPherson K; Coulter A; Stratton I EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p797-9 MJPrivate Practice; Surgery, Operative MNAdult; Age Factors; Aged; England; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Social Class; State Medicine MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001424 TIEfficiency of use of blood for surgery in south and mid Wales. AUNapier JA; Biffin AH; Lay D EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p799-801 MJBlood Transfusion; Efficiency MNBlood Banks; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; Hospitals; Surgery, Operative; Wales MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001425 TIDevising a course for overseas visitors who don't speak English well. AUSeedhom BB; Smeathers JE; Thompson DT EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p802-4 MJEducation, Medical, Continuing; Language MNBiomechanics; Communication Barriers; Curriculum; Engineering; Great Britain; Japan; Orthopedics MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001426 TIA difficult pain in the neck. AUWheeler DC; Calvey HD; Wicks AC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p804-5 MJNeck; Pain MNAdult; Periapical Abscess /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male RN0 (17-oxogenic steroids) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001427 TIMeasurement of urine 17-oxogenic steroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, and 17-oxosteroids has been superseded by better tests. AURudd BT EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p805-6 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Diagnostic Services MN17-Hydroxycorticosteroids /UR; 17-Ketosteroids /UR; Adrenal Cortex Diseases /DI; Hydroxycorticosteroids /UR MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001428 TIABC of nutrition. Therapeutic diets. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p807-11 MJDiet MNCeliac Disease /DH; Diabetes Mellitus /DH; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Dyspepsia /DH; Food; Kidney Failure, Chronic /DH; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors /AE; Phenylketonuria /DH MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001429 TI╥AIDS╙ test a misnomer [letter] AUPinching AJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p821 MJAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Antibodies, Viral; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus; Nomenclature MNBlood Donors MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001430 TISetting standards in general practice [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p821-2 MJQuality of Health Care MNFamily Practice; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001431 TICreutzfeldt-Jakob disease [letter] AUBaker HF; Ridley RM; Crow TJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p822-3 MJJakob-Creutzfeldt Syndrome /FG MNAged; Jakob-Creutzfeldt Syndrome /ET; Middle Age MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001432 TIBrittle diabetes [letter] AUWilkinson G EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p823 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors MTFemale; Human RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001433 TIMisleading guidelines on oxygen treatment in asthma [letter] AUElder AT; Crompton GK EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p823 MJAsthma; Oxygen MNTransportation of Patients MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001434 TIIdiopathic hypopituitarism in the elderly [letter] AUBelfield P; Bannister P; Giles P EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p823-4 MJHypopituitarism MNAged; Thyroid Function Tests MTHuman RN75847-73-3 (Enalapril) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001435 TIEnalapril induced renal impairment in bilateral renal artery stenosis [letter] AULakhani M; Lewis RV EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p824-5 MJEnalapril; Kidney Diseases; Renal Artery Obstruction MNRenal Artery Obstruction /PP MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001436 TILaparoscopic diagnosis of ascites [letter] AUTamhne RC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p825 MJAscites; Peritoneoscopy MNChild, Preschool; Child; Infant; Peritoneoscopy /AE MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001437 TIDevelopment of new renal scars [letter] AUDossetor JF EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p826 MJKidney Diseases MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Kidney /PA; Urinary Tract Infections /CO MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001438 TIRisk profile for soldiers aged under 40 with coronary heart disease [letter] AUWilson KC EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p826 MJCoronary Disease; Military Personnel MNAdult; Great Britain; Risk MTHuman; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001439 TINo respiratory sequelae from whooping cough [letter] AUDavies DP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p826-7 MJPertussis Vaccine; Whooping Cough MNChild; Hong Kong; Vaccination MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001440 TIManaging without doctors: realities of Griffiths. AUEllis N EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p837-8 MJState Medicine MNGovernment; Great Britain; Interprofessional Relations; Physician's Role IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001441 TICareer prospects of part time senior registrar anaesthetists. AUEaton JM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Sep 21 1985, 291(6498) p839-40 MJAnesthesiology; Career Mobility MNAnesthesiology /ST; Follow-Up Studies; Great Britain; Inservice Training; Physicians, Women MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001442 TIManagement of multiple casualties with burns [editorial] AUGriffiths RW EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p917-8 MJBurns /TH; Wounds and Injuries MNBurn Units; Burns /CL; Disasters; Emergency Service, Hospital /OG; England MTHuman RN469-21-6 (Doxylamine); 65-23-6 (Pyridoxine); 8064-77-5 (bendectin) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001443 TIThe debendox saga [editorial] AUOrme ML EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p918-9 MJAbnormalities, Drug-Induced; Antiemetics; Doxylamine; Pyridines; Pyridoxine MNDrug Combinations /AE; Great Britain; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Risk MTFemale; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001444 TIFamilies who care [editorial] AULivingston MG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p919-20 MJFamily Health; Family; Home Nursing; Stress, Psychological MNCerebrovascular Disorders /NU; Head Injuries /NU; Stress, Psychological /PX MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001445 TIVibration white finger: a newly prescribed disease [editorial] AUTaylor W EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p921-2 MJOccupational Diseases; Raynaud's Disease; Vibration MNFingers /BS; Great Britain; Ischemia /ET; Middle Age; Raynaud's Disease /PP MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001446 TIHelping the sick doctor: a new service [editorial] AURawnsley K EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p922 MJPhysician Impairment MNConfidentiality; Counseling; Great Britain; State Medicine MTHuman RN0 (anti-IgE); 37341-29-0 (IgE); 51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001447 TIBronchoalveolar mast cells in extrinsic asthma: a mechanism for the initiation of antigen specific bronchoconstriction. ABBronchoalveolar lavage performed in 10 patients with extrinsic asthma and 14 controls yielded similar recoveries of fluid and cells. Mast cells and eosinophils, however, formed a greater proportion of the cells recovered from the asthmatic subjects (p less than 0.001 for mast cells; p less than 0.01 for eosinophils), the histamine content of the lavage cells being correspondingly increased (p less than 0.01). Both the percentage of mast cells and the histamine content of lavage cells were significantly inversely correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1; expressed as percentage of predicted) and with the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity before lavage. There was also a significant inverse correlation between the concentration of histamine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1 and the percentage of mast cells recovered (p less than 0.05). When incubated with antihuman IgE bronchoalveolar mast cells from asthmatic subjects released a significantly increased proportion of total cellular histamine than cells from control subjects at all effective doses of anti-IgE. By contrast, dose response curves for IgE dependent histamine release from peripheral blood leucocytes were similar in asthmatics and controls. Specific antigen led to release of histamine from bronchoalveolar cells and peripheral blood leucocytes of asthmatic subjects but not controls. Lying superficially within the airways, bronchoalveolar mast cells would be readily exposed to inhaled antigen and would release mediators directly on to the airway surface. Their immunological response suggests that they are likely to be important in the pathogenesis of airflow obstruction in asthma. AUFlint KC; Leung KB; Hudspith BN; Brostoff J; Pearce FL; Johnson NM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p923-6 MJAntigenic Determinants; Asthma; Mast Cells MNAdult; Anti-Antibodies /IM; Asthma /PA; Bronchoscopy; Cell Count; Constriction, Pathologic /IM /PA; Histamine /IM; IgE /IM; Irrigation; Leukocytes /IM MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN486-56-6 (Cotinine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001448 TIPassive exposure to tobacco smoke: saliva cotinine concentrations in a representative population sample of non-smoking schoolchildren. ABSaliva cotinine concentrations in 569 non-smoking schoolchildren were strongly related to the smoking habits of their parents. When neither parent smoked the mean concentration was 0.44 ng/ml, rising to 3.38 ng/ml when both parents were cigarette smokers. Mothers' smoking had a stronger influence than did fathers' (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a small independent effect of number of siblings who smoked (p less than 0.01). The dose of nicotine received from fathers' smoking was estimated as equivalent to the active smoking of 30 cigarettes a year, that from mothers' smoking as equivalent to smoking 50 cigarettes a year, and that from both parents smoking as equivalent to smoking 80 cigarettes a year. This unsolicited burden may be prolonged throughout childhood and poses a definite risk to health. AUJarvis MJ; Russell MA; Feyerabend C; Eiser JR; Morgan M; Gammage P; Gray EM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p927-9 MJCotinine; Environmental Exposure; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution MNAdolescence; Child; Great Britain; Parents; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN364-62-5 (Metoclopramide) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001449 TIExtrapyramidal reactions with metoclopramide. ABThe epidemiology of extrapyramidal reactions to metoclopramide was studied by examining reports in the Adverse Reactions Register of the Committee on the Safety of Medicines and comparing these with prescribing figures by general practitioners in the United Kingdom for metoclopramide (Maxolon). In the period 1967-82 there were an estimated 15.9 million prescriptions and 479 reports of extrapyramidal reactions (455 of dystonia-dyskinesia, 20 of parkinsonism, and four of tardive dyskinesia). When corrected for prescribing rates the relative risk of dystonia and dyskinesia was 1.8 in female compared with male patients (95% confidence interval 1.4-2.2). The overall reporting rate for dystonia and dyskinesia was 28.6/million prescriptions but was significantly more common in young adults (p less than 0.0001) and especially girls and women aged 12-19 (190.7 reports/million prescriptions). By contrast parkinsonian reactions were significantly more common in the elderly (p less than 0.0001). AUBateman DN; Rawlins MD; Simpson JM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p930-2 MJMetoclopramide; Movement Disorders MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Dystonia /CI; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Middle Age; Parkinson Disease, Symptomatic /CI; Sex Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001450 TIEgg and cows' milk hypersensitivity in exclusively breast fed infants with eczema, and detection of egg protein in breast milk. ABForty nine eczematous infants who were still solely and exclusively breast fed and who had never received anything but breast milk were studied for evidence of sensitisation to foods. Thirty four similar infants without eczema formed a control group. The eczematous infants were divided into three groups according to clinical criteria: (1) definite atopic eczema; (2) possible atopic eczema; (3) atopic eczema unlikely. Twenty three infants showed cutaneous hypersensitivity to foods, usually egg and cows' milk. Seven of 14 infants in group 1 and nine of 20 in group 2 were sensitised compared with four of 15 in group 3 and three of 34 controls (p less than 0.01). Ovalbumin was detected in breast milk from 14 of 19 mothers tested after ingestion of egg, the concentrations being the same for mothers feeding eczematous and normal infants. Breast fed babies developing eczema may be sensitised by foods eaten by their mothers. AUCant A; Marsden RA; Kilshaw PJ EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p932-5 MJBreast Feeding; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eggs; Food Hypersensitivity; Milk MNCattle; Egg Proteins /AN; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Milk, Human /AN; Skin Tests MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001451 TIDoes stopping smoking delay onset of angina after infarction? ABThis study was designed to determine the relation between stopping smoking and angina after infarction in survivors of an acute coronary attack. The study population comprised 408 men aged under 60 who survived a first attack of unstable angina or myocardial infarction by 28 days and were smoking cigarettes at the time of their attack. These patients were followed up for an average of nine years. Three hundred and eighty four were alive at the one year follow up examination, when the presence or absence of angina together with habits of smoking were recorded. The prevalence of angina at one year was 19.5% in the 241 who had stopped smoking cigarettes compared with 32.2% in those who had continued (p less than 0.01). Six years later, however, the prevalence of angina after infarction was the same in the two groups. It is concluded that the onset of angina after infarction can be delayed by stopping smoking cigarettes but that this effect is not maintained in the long term. AUDaly LE; Graham IM; Hickey N; Mulcahy R EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p935-7 MJAngina Pectoris; Myocardial Infarction; Smoking MNAngina Pectoris /OC /PC; Follow-Up Studies; Ireland; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman; Male RNEC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001452 TISevere hypocalcemia and increased creatine kinase activity. AUTimms P; Bold AM; Rothe P; Lau E EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p937-8 MJCreatine Kinase; Hypocalcemia MNAdult; Aged; Calcium /BL; Child, Preschool; Creatinine /BL; Magnesium /BL; Middle Age; Phosphates /BL; Serum Albumin MTHuman RN103-90-2 (Acetaminophen) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001453 TIAcute hypersensitivity reactions to paracetamol. AUStricker BH; Meyboom RH; Lindquist M EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p938-9 MJAcetaminophen; Drug Hypersensitivity MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Netherlands; Time Factors; World Health Organization MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN13539-59-8 (Apazone) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001454 TIPhotosensitivity during treatment with azapropazone. AUOlsson S; Biriell C; Boman G EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p939 MJApazone; Photosensitivity Disorders; Triazines MNMiddle Age; Seasons; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001455 TICommon childhood problems: variation in management. AUJewell D; Bain J EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p941-4 MJChild Care; Family Practice; Health Education MNChild Development Disorders /TH; Child; Parents; Pertussis Vaccine /TU; Questionnaires; Speech Disorders /TH; Whooping Cough /TH MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001456 TITreatment of burns casualties after fire at Bradford City football ground. ABOn 11 May 1985 the main stand of Bradford City Football Club caught fire. Within four minutes the stand was alight from end to end. Fifty three people were burnt to death and about 250 injured; 83 required admission to hospital, and 55 of these were treated by primary excision of their burns and skin grafting. In such disasters the help of staff from other hospitals and areas is essential. Patients should be assessed to see whether they have burns that will ultimately be fatal; if they have they should not be sent to regional burns units, where they would take up beds that could be used for patients with treatable burns. All districts should ensure that their plans for accidents in which burns injuries predominate are adequate. AUSharpe DT; Roberts AH; Barclay TL; Dickson WA; Settle JA; Crockett DJ; Mossad MG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p945-8 MJBurns /TH; Disaster Planning; Emergency Service, Hospital; Fires; Football MNAdult; Aged; Burn Units; Burns /SU; England; Middle Age; Postoperative Care; Surgery, Plastic MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001457 TIEpidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. ABIn an epidemic of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis the surgeon was found to be the source of contamination. The probable route was accidental puncture of gloves during operation. During the epidemiological investigation a second cluster of patients contaminated with Staph epidermidis during open heart surgery was found also related to one surgeon. This strain caused no detectable signs or symptoms of infection. Carriage of virulent staph epidermidis has rarely been recognised as a hazard but may have serious consequences. AUvan den Broek PJ; Lampe AS; Berbee GA ; Thompson J; Mouton RP EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p949-50 MJDisease Outbreaks; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Staphylococcal Infections MNCarrier State; Equipment Contamination; Gloves, Surgical /ST; Staphylococcus epidermidis /IP MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001458 TIFood sensitivity. AUTruswell AS EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p951-5 MJFood Hypersensitivity MNAngioneurotic Edema /ET; Asthma /ET; Eczema /ET; Food Hypersensitivity /DH /DI; Gastrointestinal Diseases /ET; Hyperkinesis /ET; Migraine /ET; Rhinitis /ET; Urticaria /ET MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001459 TIProlonged hypoparathyroidism presenting eventually as second trimester abortion. AUEastell R; Edmonds CJ; de Chayal RC; McFadyen IR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p955-6 MJAbortion; Hypoparathyroidism /DI; Pregnancy Complications MNAdult; Hypoparathyroidism /CO; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001460 TICosts of health care: experience of one department of rheumatology. ABLittle or no information exists about the costs of providing services in the National Health Service. A study was commissioned to measure the costs of running the department of rheumatology in Cornwall. The results emphasised the relative cheapness of outpatient care compared with inpatient care. AUThould AK EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p957-9 MJHospital Departments; Rheumatology MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Child, Preschool; Child; Costs and Cost Analysis; Direct Service Costs; England; Health Resources /SD; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Inpatients; Middle Age; Outpatients; Population Dynamics; State Medicine MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001461 TIHTLV-III infection in spouses of haemophiliacs [letter] AUUnsworth PF EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p966 MJRetrovirus Infections; Sex Behavior MNHuman T-Cell Leukemia Virus MTFemale; Human; Male RN56-40-6 (Glycine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001462 TIAbsorption of 1.5% glycine after percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy for renal stone disease [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p966-7 MJGlycine; Lithotripsy MNWater Intoxication /ET MTHuman RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001463 TIOver the counter sale of topical corticosteroids [letter] AUShuster S EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p967-8 MJDrugs, Non-Prescription; Hydrocortisone MNAdministration, Topical MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001464 TIDeaths from peptic ulceration [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p968 MJPeptic Ulcer MNAdult; Aged; Great Britain; Middle Age; Time Factors MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001465 TIAntihypertensive treatment in pregnancy [letter] EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p968-9 MJHypertension; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular MNBlood Pressure; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RNEC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferases) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001466 TIRaised plasma glutathione S-transferase values in hyperthyroidism and in hypothyroid patients receiving thyroxine replacement [letter] AUMardell RJ; Gamlen TR EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p969-70 MJGlutathione Transferases; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001467 TIFactors that influence patients in Sri Lanka in their choice between Ayurvedic and Western medicine [letter] AUWolffers I EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p970 MJMedicine, Ayurvedic; Patient Acceptance of Health Care MNSri Lanka MTHuman RN7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001468 TIThyroxine replacement treatment: clinical judgment or biochemical control? [letter] AURippere V EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p970 MJThyroxine MNHypothyroidism /DT; Thyroid Function Tests MTFemale; Human RN125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001469 TIAminoglutethimide induced agranulocytosis in breast cancer [letter] AUCaldwell G; Bradbury A; Toft AD EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p970-1 MJAgranulocytosis; Aminoglutethimide MNAged; Breast Neoplasms /DT MTFemale; Human RN56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol) IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001470 TIDo sex hormones affect colorectal cancer? [letter] AUWalker AM; Jick H EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p971 MJColonic Neoplasms; Estrogens, Synthetic MNDiethylstilbestrol /AE; Middle Age; Washington MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001471 TIRelation between recurrence of cancer and blood transfusion [letter] AUMoffat LE; Sunderland GT EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p971 MJBlood Transfusion; Kidney Neoplasms MNNeoplasm Recurrence, Local MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001472 TISmoking, sugar, and inflammatory bowel disease [letter] AUPorro GB; Panza E EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p971-2 MJDietary Carbohydrates; Intestinal Diseases; Smoking MNColitis, Ulcerative /ET; Crohn Disease /ET MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001473 TIMRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension [letter] AUWaal-Manning HJ; Paulin JM; Simpson FO EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p972 MJHypertension MNBlood Pressure Determination /MT; Posture MTFemale; Human; Male IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001474 TIManpower problems in general surgery [letter] AURothnie NG EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p973 MJSurgery MNData Collection; Great Britain MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001475 TIClinical freedom and management accountability. AURendall M EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p982-3 MJFreedom; Human Rights; Physician-Patient Relations; State Medicine MNEfficiency; Great Britain; Health Priorities; Social Responsibility MTHuman IS0267-0623 LAEnglish JCB4X SBA; M; X UI86001476 TIMedical manpower: a district model. AUTodd JN; Coyne AM EM8601 SOBr Med J [Clin Res] (England), Oct 5 1985, 291(6500) p984-6 MJHealth Manpower; Regional Health Planning MNCareer Choice; England; Medical Staff, Hospital /SD; Models, Theoretical; Personnel Staffing and Scheduling MTHuman IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001477 TIMigraine coma. Meningitic migraine with cerebral oedema associated with a new form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. ABA family with hemiplegic migraine has been documented for a period of over forty years. From this study and the literature we conclude that (1) migraine is a cause of recurrent coma which may be associated with life-threatening cerebral hemisphere oedema; (2) hyperpyrexia with CSF pleocytosis occurs in hemiplegic migraine, which may thus simulate viral meningoencephalitis; and (3) cerebral angiography is hazardous in hemiplegic migraine and may exacerbate coma and cerebral oedema. In the family reported, cerebellar ataxia was present during recovery from attacks of hemiplegic migraine and affected patients ultimately suffered from persistent ataxia with radiological cerebellar atrophy. This syndrome thus constitutes a distinct form of late-onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia and also of familial periodic ataxia. The status of 'cerebellar migraine' is reviewed. AUFitzsimons RB; Wolfenden WH EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p555-77 MJComa; Migraine MNAdult; Aged; Brain Edema /CO; Brain Injuries /CO; Brain /PA; Cerebellar Ataxia /CO /FG; Cerebrospinal Fluid /CY; Fever /CO; Hemiplegia /CO; Meningitis /CO; Mental Disorders /CO; Middle Age; Psychotic Disorders /CO MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001478 TIImpairment of olfactory recognition after closed head injury. ABTo investigate the effects of closed head injury (CHI) on olfactory identification, we administered a test of olfactory naming and forced choice recognition to 52 CHI patients who had no evidence of anosmia. The Olfactory Identification Test consisted of 'scratch and sniff' labels of familiar nonirritant odorants. In comparison with a normal control group (n = 19) of similar age, olfactory naming and recognition were impaired in the CHI series, particularly in patients with moderate or severe head injury. The presence of a haematoma or contusion in the frontal/temporal region was also related to impaired olfactory recognition. We suggest that nonmissile head injury can produce at least a partial impairment of olfactory recognition despite relatively preserved olfactory detection. AULevin HS; High WM; Eisenberg HM EM8601 IDNS 21889; NS 07377 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p579-91 MJAnosmia; Brain Injuries; Smell MNAdolescence; Adult; Anosmia /PP; Brain Injuries /PP; Child MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001479 TIPathophysiology of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. ABThe pathophysiology of reflexes mediated by the fifth and seventh cranial nerves has been studied in 16 patients with blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia compared with normal age-matched subjects. The EMG activity of the dystonic spasms in the periocular and jaw muscles was similar to that described in other muscles in patients with generalized torsion dystonia. The latency of the R1 and R2 components of the blink reflex and of the corneal reflex was normal. However, the amplitude and the duration of the R1 and R2 and the duration of the corneal reflex were increased. In some patients the R1 component was also present on the side contralateral to the stimulus, while in normal subjects it was present only on the ipsilateral side. The excitability cycle of recovery of the R2 component of the blink reflex after a prior conditioning shock was enhanced in the patients. There were no EEG potentials preceding blepharospasms in the patients, although a Bereitschaftspotential was seen beginning some 500 ms prior to voluntary blinks in the same individuals. Exteroceptive suppression in the contracting masseter and orbicularis oculi muscles was absent in 40 to 50 per cent of the patients. The jaw jerk was present in all the patients with normal latency. These results indicate that the neuronal arcs of the facial reflexes in blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia are normal. However, there is an abnormal excitatory drive, perhaps from the basal ganglia, to the facial motoneurons and the interneurons which mediate the facial reflexes in the brainstem. AUBerardelli A; Rothwell JC; Day BL; Marsden CD EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p593-608 MJBasal Ganglia Diseases; Meige Syndrome MNAdult; Aged; Blinking; Cornea /PP; Electromyography; Eye; Middle Age; Muscle Contraction; Reflex MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001480 TIFocal increase of blood flow in the cerebral cortex of man during vestibular stimulation. ABThis study is an attempt to reveal projection areas for vestibular afferents to the human brain. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured over 254 cortical regions during caloric vestibular stimulation with warm water (44 degrees C). rCBF was measured when the external auditory meatus was irrigated with water at body temperature as a control to vestibular stimulation. During vestibular stimulation there was only a single cortical area, located in the superior temporal region, which showed a consistent focal activation in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated side. On the rCBF display this area was located in the superior temporal region posterior to the auditory area, probably in the superior temporal gyrus. It is suggested that this area represents the primary projection area of the vestibular nerve and that it is the activation of this area during caloric stimulation that gives rise to the associated conscious vestibular sensation of vertigo. AUFriberg L; Olsen TS; Roland PE; Paulson OB; Lassen NA EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p609-23 MJCerebral Cortex; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Vestibular Apparatus MNAdult; Afferent Pathways /PH; Middle Age; Vestibular Function Tests MTFemale; Human; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001481 TIImmunocytochemical localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in the canine choroid plexus. ABTo determine the localization of Na+, K+-ATPase in the choroid plexus of the canine fourth ventricle, antisera against canine renal Na+, K+-ATPase holoenzyme and the alpha and beta subunits of the enzyme were employed and the distribution of reaction product examined at the light and electron microscopic level by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. In the choroidal epithelial cells, antigenic sites were restricted to the outer surface of the apical plasmalemma, including the membranes of the microvilli. No reaction product was detected in the cytoplasm or along the lateral and basal plasmalemma. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that the apical border of the choroidal epithelial cell plays an important role in cerebrospinal fluid secretion as a result of active transport mediated by Na+, K+-ATPase. AUMasuzawa T; Ohta T; Kawakami K; Sato F EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p625-46 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Choroid Plexus MNChoroid Plexus /UL; Dogs; Immunochemistry MTAnimal IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001482 TITemporal frequency discrimination in optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. ABThe temporal contrast sensitivity function and temporal frequency discrimination have been studied in normals and in 7 cases of multiple sclerosis or optic neuritis. Sinusoidal gratings of two spatial frequencies (0.2 and 2.0 cycles/deg) were used. The abnormalities demonstrated in the patients varied between individuals but overall a picture has emerged of four principal anomalies. The temporal transfer function of the 2 cycles/deg medium spatial frequency grating has a band-pass appearance, whereas it is low-pass in normal subjects (5 out of 8 eyes). The peak of temporal frequency discrimination function (i.e. the temporal frequency at which discrimination is most acute) occurs at a lower temporal frequency in the patients than in normal subjects particularly at the higher spatial frequency (5 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg; 2 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 0.2 cycles/deg). It was found that normal subjects were able to discriminate between the maximum temporal frequency used as a standard in the discrimination experiments (16 Hz) and a higher temporal frequency. In the patients, however, a cut-off in the discrimination function occurred at a temporal frequency well below this (8 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg; 2 out of 8 eyes for a spatial frequency of 0.2 cycles/deg). Further to the above result, in a number of patients an attempt was made to ascertain how the gratings were perceived in this abnormally extensive region of ambiguity in the high temporal frequency range. It was found that high temporal frequencies, at a constant contrast level above threshold and constant apparent contrast, were perceived either as flickering at a slower rate than did an intermediate temporal frequency or even appeared stationary. This effect was rare at the lower spatial frequency (1 out of 8 eyes) but was demonstrated in 4 out of 8 eyes at the spatial frequency of 2.0 cycles/deg. It was not specifically sought in all individuals. These results are discussed in the context of an information channelling model of temporal frequency processing in the visual system. AUPlant GT; Hess RF EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p647-76 MJMultiple Sclerosis; Optic Neuritis; Vision Disorders MNDiscrimination (Psychology) /PH; Visual Perception MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001483 TIAphasia and handedness in relation to hemispheric side, age at injury and severity of cerebral lesion during childhood. ABThe effects of the variables of hemispheric side of lesion, age at injury and severity of cerebral damage on language performance and hand dominance were investigated in groups of hemiparetic children. Severity of cerebral damage was defined by the degree of structural abnormality shown on computed tomography (CT) scans. Tests of auditory verbal comprehension and object naming were used as indicators of productive and receptive language skills. The responses to a series of questions on a handedness inventory provided a rated measure of hand dominance. The results indicated that language deficits characterize the performance of all patient groups with left cerebral injuries. Impairments are more profound, however, in the case of left hemisphere injuries acquired after the age of 5 years. In addition, prenatal and early postnatal left cerebral lesions consistently result in strong sinistrality. It is concluded that the crucial variable underlying the demonstration of language deficits and left hand dominance is not severity of lesion but age at injury and hemispheric side of lesion. AUVargha-Khadem F; O'Gorman AM; Watters GV EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p677-96 MJAphasia; Brain Injuries; Laterality MNAdolescence; Aphasia /PP; Brain Injuries /PP /PX; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Language Tests; Psychological Tests; Verbal Learning MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001484 TILesions of premotor cortex in man. ABModerate unilateral weakness of shoulder and hip muscles and limb-kinetic apraxia were observed in 11 patients with frontal lobe lesions on the side opposite to the neurological deficits. On the CT scans, the posterior border of the lesions lay anterior to the precentral gyrus, thus involving the premotor cortex but not the primary motor cortex. In 9 cases, the lesions were caused by a brain infarct, in 2 cases by a tumour. In 1 patient the lesion was purely subcortical. Whereas the paresis affected all hip muscles, in the shoulder mainly those movements associated with abduction and elevation of the arm were disturbed. The EMG showed considerable delays for the preactivation of proximal arm muscles during rapid arm movements, thus interfering with the normal proximal-distal sequencing of muscle action. Limb-kinetic apraxia only became apparent during tasks requiring certain coordinations between both arms or legs. Bimanual interaction was normal. Two patients with proximal hemiparesis and small lesions in the precentral gyrus which have been examined for comparison showed no limb-kinetic apraxia and different distributions of the paretic shoulder girdle muscles. In view of the long-standing controversies as to the functional role of the premotor cortex and the question of specific deficits after lesions of this area, the relevant literature is reviewed. AUFreund HJ; Hummelsheim H EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p697-733 MJBrain Diseases; Motor Cortex; Movement Disorders MNAdult; Aged; Anthropoidea; Apraxia /PP; Brain Diseases /RA; Frontal Lobe /PP; Middle Age; Motor Skills; Movement Disorders /RA; Muscles /IR; Neurologic Examination MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Human; Male RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001485 TIThe pathology of amiodarone neurotoxicity. I. Experimental studies with reference to changes in other tissues. ABRats and mice were given amiodarone by mouth at doses of 50 mg/kg/day. The drug induced accumulations of lipids within lysosomes, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic bodies. These were found in many tissues, both nervous and nonnervous, but were excluded from regions with blood-brain or blood-nerve barriers. Of nervous system regions lying outside a vascular barrier, autonomic ganglia were the most affected, with large accumulations of lysosomal bodies in nerve cells and processes, and evidence of degenerative changes. the myenteric plexus was also involved. No significant changes were seen in peripheral nerves. A limited period of increased permeability caused by nerve crush, or due to immaturity of the blood-nerve barrier resulted in the short-lived appearance of drug-induced inclusions. The rate of regeneration of axons following nerve crush was not affected, although there were small defects in myelination. AUCosta-Jussa FR ; Jacobs JM EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p735-52 MJAmiodarone; Benzofurans; Nervous System Diseases MNMice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Nervous System Diseases /PA; Neurotoxins /AE; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /CI /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1951-25-3 (Amiodarone) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001486 TIThe pathology of amiodarone neurotoxicity. II. Peripheral neuropathy in man. ABSural nerve changes are described in 2 cases of amiodarone neuropathy. Clinically, 1 patient developed a sensorimotor neuropathy, whereas in the other it was predominantly motor. Examination of sural nerves showed demyelination with only mild axonal loss. Cytoplasmic changes developed in Schwann cells of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, and involved loss of most recognizable organelles. These changes were associated with, and possibly preceded, myelin sheath breakdown. Inclusions, mainly of a lamellated type, were found in all cell types in the nerves. These inclusions, known to be lysosomal in origin, are a characteristic finding in amiodarone-induced neuropathy. The pathogenesis of the neuropathy is discussed, with particular reference to the findings in a parallel experimental study. AUJacobs JM; Costa-Jussa FR EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p753-69 MJAmiodarone; Benzofurans; Peripheral Nerve Diseases MNAdult; Aged; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001487 TINeuro-otological abnormalities in xeroderma pigmentosum with particular reference to deafness. ABThe neuro-otological findings are described in 3 unrelated patients who had xeroderma pigmentosum. All had impaired hearing. Routine audiometric assessment suggested that the hearing loss was of cochlear origin; brainstem evoked potentials in 2 patients and electrocochleography in 1 support this conclusion. Two adult patients had a supranuclear ophthalmoplegia. Vestibular function was mildly deranged and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex impaired. AUKenyon GS; Booth JB; Prasher DK; Rudge P EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p771-84 MJDeafness; Xeroderma Pigmentosum MNAdult; Deafness /PP; Hearing Disorders /ET /PP; Middle Age; Oculomotor Nerve /PP; Vestibular Apparatus /PP; Xeroderma Pigmentosum /PP MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8950 LAEnglish JCB5F SBA; M UI86001488 TISubcortical dementia. Frontal cortex hypometabolism detected by positron tomography in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. ABThe dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is considered to be subcortical because the cerebral cortex, unlike the subcortical structures, is usually free from major neuropathological lesions; the characteristic symptoms point to a dysfunction of the prefrontal lobe. The regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMR Glu) was studied by positron emission tomography and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose18FDG in 6 patients presumed to have PSP and was compared with values found in 8 control subjects of similar age. The results obtained showed a highly significant rCMR Glu decrease in the prefrontal cortex of our patients. The loss of several subcortical afferents to prefrontal cortex may be responsible for the frontal cortical hypometabolism present in PSP. AUD'Antona R; Baron JC; Samson Y; Serdaru M; Viader F; Agid Y; Cambier J EM8601 SOBrain (England), Sep 1985, 108 ( Pt 3) p785-99 MJDementia /ME; Paralysis, Bulbar /ME MNAged; Dementia /CO /DI; Frontal Lobe /ME /RI; Glucose /ME; Middle Age; Paralysis, Bulbar /CO /RI; Tomography, Emission Computed MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001489 TIAxonal projections of X-cells to the superior colliculus and to the nucleus of the optic tract in cats. ABAxonal projections of ganglion cells to the superior colliculus (SC) and to the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) were re-examined physiologically in the cat's retina. Taking care to minimize current spreads around the stimulating electrodes placed in the NOT or the SC, we reached a conclusion that a substantial proportion of X-cells project to the NOT while a small but definite proportion of them project to the SC. AUSawai H; Fukuda Y; Wakakuwa K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p1-6 MJAxons; Ganglia /PH; Neural Transmission; Superior Colliculus; Visual Pathways MNCats; Differential Threshold; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Ganglia /CY; Neurons /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001490 TIEffect of paraventricular nucleus lesions on arterial pressure and heart rate after aortic baroreceptor denervation in the rat. ABTwo series of experiments were done in male Wistar rats to investigate the effects of lesions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) on the maintenance and development of the elevated arterial pressure resulting from denervation of aortic baroreceptors. In the first series, after control recordings of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), rats were subjected to either bilateral aortic depressor nerve (ADN) transection or sham-ADN transection. These animals were later subjected to either bilateral lesions of the PVH or sham-PVH lesions. AP (146 +/- 2 mm Hg) and HR (515 +/- 5 bpm) were significantly elevated in only the ADN-transected groups. Bilateral lesions of the PVH significantly reduced AP (119 +/- 3 mm Hg) and HR (440 +/- 8 bpm) in the ADN transected animals compared to ADN-transected sham-PVH-lesioned animals, to levels which were not significantly different from pre-ADN-transected levels (AP, 113 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 448 +/- 3 bpm), and from sham-ADN-transected PVH-lesioned (AP, 119 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 391 +/- 6 bpm) and sham-ADN-transected sham-PVH-lesioned animals (AP, 116 +/- 2 mm Hg; HR, 436 +/- 4 bpm). In the second series of experiments, after control AP and HR recordings rats were first subjected to either bilateral lesions of the PVH or sham-PVH lesions, and second to either bilateral ADN transection or sham-ADN transection. PVH lesions did not significantly alter the AP and HR from control levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUZhang TX; Ciriello J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p101-9 MJAorta; Blood Pressure; Denervation; Heart Rate; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pressoreceptors MNHypertension /ET /PP; Hypothalamus /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001492 TISimultaneous recordings from pairs of cat somatosensory cortical neurons with overlapping peripheral receptive fields. ABFifty-three cell pairs in the somatosensory cerebral cortex were examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats for evidence of short latency interactions. Many neuronal pairs separated by distances of 150 to 500 micron were observed to have temporal dependencies. In a subset of 19 pairs where the surrounding multiunit activity could be classified as rapidly adapting or slowly adapting, short latency interactions existed only between cell pairs sharing the same multiunit background activity. If one member of the pair was in a slowly adapting background and the other in a rapidly adapting background, the cells did not influence one another. This observation was taken as evidence for parallel and separate processing of afferent signals from rapidly and slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors in cat somatosensory cortex. AUMetherate R; Dykes RW EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p119-29 MJNeurons; Somatosensory Cortex /PH MNAdaptation, Physiological; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Physical Stimulation; Reaction Time; Somatosensory Cortex /CY; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001493 TIGenetic brain polypeptide variants in inbred mice and in mouse strains with high and low sensitivity to alcohol. ABTwelve genetically determined brain polypeptide charge variants were identified by comparing cerebellar vermis of 7 inbred mouse strains and of mice selectively bred from 8 strains closely related to these 7 ancestral strains and one other for acute behavioral sensitivity to the sedative effects of ethanol. The selectively bred ethanol-sensitive (LS, long sleep) and insensitive (SS, short sleep) mice exhibited different allelic variants at 6 of these 12 gene loci expressed in the cerebellum. Variant polypeptide A1 (81 kdalton, pI 5.6) was shown to be associated with the membrane of synaptosomal mitochondria and to exhibit a basic variant in SS mice that is determined by a dominant allele. Other variant polypeptides showed codominant inheritance in F1 crosses. However, the phenotype of no single one of these brain polypeptides consistently correlated with the ethanol behavioral sensitivity of the 7 inbred mouse strains nor of 8 recombinant inbred (B X D, C57BL X DBA) strains. This finding supports the hypothesis that a substantial amount of inbreeding, leading to random fixation of alleles independent of selection for ethanol sensitivity, occurred during the breeding of the SS and LS mice. The present findings of a lack of a strong association between sleep time and a brain polypeptide variant do not preclude the existence of a major gene effect contributing to variation in acute sensitivity to ethanol but are consistent with reports that multiple loci are responsible for the difference in ethanol sensitivity between SS and LS mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUGoldman D; Nelson R; Deitrich RA; Baker RC; Spuhler K; Markley H; Ebert M; Merril CR EM8601 IDAA03527; DA07043 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p130-8 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Brain; Peptides; Variation (Genetics) MNCerebellum /ME; Densitometry; Drug Resistance; Mice /GE; Peptides /ME; Phenotype; Polymorphism (Genetics); Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sleep /PH; Subcellular Fractions /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 12687-51-3 (Angiotensin III) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001494 TICharacterization of angiotensin binding in the African green monkey. ABThe observation that there are differences in the characteristics and distribution of angiotensin receptors in the central nervous system of mammalian species led to the analysis of angiotensin binding in a primate model, the African Green monkey. Initial studies using [125I]angiotensin II ([125I]AII) as the radioligand showed binding in peripheral tissues but little binding in the central nervous system. Conversely, binding studies using [125I]AIII as the radioligand indicated more central nervous binding with diminished peripheral binding. Specific binding of [125I]AIII is evident throughout the brain with high binding in the circumventricular organs, striatum, caudate nucleus, olfactory bulb and localized areas of the thalamus and cerebral cortex. This binding was found to possess many of the properties commonly associated with binding to membrane-bound receptors. The specifically bound radioligand extracted from incubations of [125I]AIII and central nervous tissue appears to be a product of the metabolism of [125I]AIII rather than the peptide itself. Binding of [125I]AII does occur in peripheral tissues and to a limited extent in the cerebellum, but to a different receptor from that characterized using [125I]AIII. These results are similar to those seen in the gerbil and raise questions concerning the utilization of the rat as the primary model for studying the biochemistry of the brain-angiotensin system in humans. AUPetersen EP; Abhold RH; Camara CG; Wright JW; Harding JW EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p139-46 MJAngiotensin III; Angiotensin II; Brain MNCaudate Nucleus /ME; Cercopithecus aethiops; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Kinetics; Subcellular Fractions /ME; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN26566-61-0 (Galactose); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001495 TIEndoneurial oxygen tension and radial topography in nerve edema. ABEndoneurial edema occurs in numerous human and experimental neuropathies. We tested the hypothesis that the resultant increase in intercapillary distance (ICD) may result in endoneurial hypoxia. Experimental galactose neuropathy (EGN) was chosen since in this model, edema is due to the accumulation of galactitol, which does not directly damage nerve fibers, so that it was possible to study the role of endoneurial edema alone. We measured endoneurial oxygen tensions (PnO2) using oxygen-sensitive microelectrodes and related PnO2 radial topography to ICD. We also determined local oxygen consumption (VLO2) and critical PnO2(PcritO2). EGN and age-matched controls were studied at 4 months. (1) Caudal nerve conduction velocity was reduced in EGN. (2) The PnO2 values were reduced in EGN and the PnO2 histogram was shifted into the hypoxic range. These changes were paralleled by a significant increase in ICD in EGN. (3) The radial topography of PnO2 in EGN differed from the relatively uniform distribution in control nerves. In EGN the subperineurial PnO2 was significantly lower than the PnO2 at the center of the fascicle. These changes were paralleled by a significantly greater increase in ICD in the periphery. (4) That the PnO2 reduction in EGN was significant is suggested by the marked reduction in VLO2 and the large percentage (greater than 75%) of intrafascicular regions that fell below PcritO2 in EGN. AULow PA; Nukada H; Schmelzer JD; Tuck RR; Dyck PJ EM8601 IDNS 14304; NS 17891 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p147-54 MJEdema; Nervous System Diseases /ME; Oxygen MNCapillaries /PA; Edema /PA; Galactose; Microelectrodes; Nervous System Diseases /CI /PA; Oxygen Consumption; Partial Pressure; Peroneal Nerve /BS /PA; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sciatic Nerve /BS /PA; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN146-48-5 (Yohimbine); 300-62-9 (Amphetamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001496 TIAmphetamine's effects on terminal excitability of noradrenergic locus coeruleus neurons are impulse-dependent at low but not high doses. ABThe actions of amphetamine in the locus coeruleus and its terminal fields in the frontal cortex were studied using extracellular recording to measure terminal excitability, firing rate and the probability of antidromic action potential invasion of the somatodendritic region in urethane anesthetized rats. At low dose (0.25 mg/kg), amphetamine increased terminal excitability. In comparison, subsequent administration of the highest dose (5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) of amphetamine tested suppressed neuronal firing and blocked antidromic action potential invasion of the somatodendritic region. Despite the absence of impulse traffic, high dose amphetamine reversed the effect of low dose amphetamine in the terminal field and decreased terminal excitability. The alpha 2 antagonist, yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), reversed the effects of high dose amphetamine on terminal excitability and somatodendritic invasion without reinstating neuronal firing. Noradrenergic autoreceptor agonists are known to decrease terminal excitability, whereas antagonists are known to increase terminal excitability. Thus, since low dose amphetamine produces the same effect on terminal excitability that antagonists do, it appears that low dose amphetamine may reduce autoreceptor activation by reducing norepinephrine release in frontal cortex as a consequence of inhibiting locus coeruleus neuronal firing. In contrast, high dose amphetamine acts like autoreceptor agonists do and decreased terminal excitability. Hence high dose amphetamine may increase norepinephrine release, even in the absence of impulse traffic. AURyan LJ; Tepper JM; Young SJ; Groves PM EM8601 IDDA 02854; DA 00079 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p155-63 MJAmphetamine; Locus Coeruleus /DE; Nerve Endings; Norepinephrine MNDendrites /PH; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials /DE; Locus Coeruleus /CY; Neurons /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reaction Time; Yohimbine /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-07-7 (mitomycin C) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001497 TISchwann cell mitosis in response to regenerating peripheral axons in vivo. ABSchwann cell mitosis has been demonstrated in chronically denervated cat tibial nerves re-innervated by axons regenerating from the proximal stump of a coapted peroneal nerve. Thymidine incorporation rose above baseline levels at the axon front, with no detectable increase in more distal regions occupied by denervated Schwann cells. Schwann cells therefore enter S phase upon the arrival of a regenerating axon in vivo as previously described in tissue culture. Intraneural treatment of the denervated distal stump with Mitomycin C prior to re-innervation delayed the subsequent appearance of myelin formation. This supports the notion that axonally stimulated division of Schwann cells is a prerequisite for myelination during nerve regeneration. Axonal advancement was also retarded by drug treatment, possibly because of a reduced level of trophic support provided by the compromised Schwann cells. A comparable absence of myelin and poor re-innervation was found in chemically untreated distal stumps that had been maintained in the denervated state for prolonged periods when Schwann cell columns are known to undergo progressive atrophy. These observations suggest that nerve repair should be delayed for limited periods if efficacious regeneration is desired. AUPellegrino RG; Spencer PS EM8601 IDNS13106; NS19611; T32 GM7288 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p16-25 MJAxons /PH; Mitosis; Nerve Regeneration; Schwann Cells; Tibial Nerve /PH MNAxons /CY; Cats; Denervation; Mitomycins /PD; Myelin Sheath /DE; Nerve Regeneration /DE; Tibial Nerve /CY /DE; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-10-3 (palmitic acid); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001498 TIBrain palmitate incorporation in awake and anesthetized rats. ABUniformly labeled [14C]palmitate was injected intravenously in awake and barbiturate-anesthetized rats, and arterial plasma radioactivity due to unesterified [14C]palmitate was determined on plasma samples removed at timed intervals up to the time of death. Overall brain radioactivity was determined by liquid scintillation spectroscopy, and regional brain radioactivity was determined by quantitative autoradiography. The transfer constant, k, for the unidirectional uptake of radiotracer palmitate into the brain at 4 h was calculated from the brain radioactivity and the integrated plasma radioactivity from injection to 4 h. The unidirectional palmitate uptake was calculated as the product of k and the plasma concentration of unesterified palmitate. Barbiturate anesthesia reduced regional palmitate transfer constants and unidirectional palmitate uptakes into different brain regions by 40-60%. Palmitate incorporation into the brains of awake rats at 4 h represents uptake into structural brain components which contain lipids. The results indicate that pentobarbital anesthesia reduces this rate of incorporation by about half. AUKimes AS; Sweeney D; Rapoport SI EM8601 ID1F32 AG 05183 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p164-70 MJAnesthesia; Brain; Palmitic Acids /ME; Pentobarbital; Wakefulness MNCarbon Radioisotopes /DU; Palmitic Acids /BL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN52906-92-0 (Motilin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001499 TIBiochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of motilin in pig cerebellum. ABThe presence of motilin in rat and porcine cerebellum was investigated by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with radioimmunoassay or immunohistochemistry. The antibodies used for this study were raised against synthetic gastrointestinal porcine motilin, which is, so far, the only known sequence of this peptide. The results obtained show the presence of a sharp peak of motilin-like immunoreactivity after HPLC of porcine cerebellum extracts, with an elution time corresponding to that of synthetic porcine motilin. Motilin-like immunoreactivity was also detected immunohistochemically in porcine cerebellum. However no motilin-like immunoreactivity was detected in rat cerebellum biochemically or immunohistochemically. This finding suggests that if a motilin-like neuropeptide is present in rat cerebellum, its molecular form differs from that present in porcine cerebellum. AUFratta W; Panula P; Yang HY; Costa E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p171-5 MJCerebellum; Motilin; Swine MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Radioimmunoassay; Rats MTAnimal RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001500 TIResponse of rat paraventricular neurones with central projections to suckling, haemorrhage or osmotic stimuli. ABIn lactating, urethane-anaesthetized female rats extracellular recordings were made from paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurones that were antidromically activated following electrical stimulation of the neurohypophysis, amygdala or nucleus tractus solitarius/vagal complex (NTS/VC). Of the PVN units, 98 projected to the neurohypophysis but none of these neurosecretory neurones were found to simultaneously project to extrahypothalamic areas. From the firing patterns and the response of these neurons to suckling, haemorrhage or osmotic stimuli both 'vasopressinergic' and 'oxytocinergic' neurones were identified. We found 43 PVN units to project to the NTS/VC and 22% of tested neurones were activated by osmotic or haemorrhage stimuli; no phasic activity was associated with this activation. The suckling stimulus failed to elicit any response from these units. Upon testing the PVN units that projected to the amygdala (n = 35), it was found that haemorrhage and suckling stimuli were without effect, while the osmotic stimulus activated one of 6 units tested. Thus, the extrahypothalamic PVN projections examined in this study were not associated with the suckling reflex response, although there is evidence for their limited involvement in neural response to osmotic or haemorrhage stimuli. AULawrence D; Pittman QJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p176-83 MJAnimals, Suckling; Animals; Brain; Hemorrhage; Neural Transmission; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /PH; Sodium Chloride MNAmygdaloid Body /PH; Evoked Potentials; Medulla Oblongata /PH; Neurons /PH; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /CY; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Vagus Nerve /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001501 TITectospinal neurons in the cat have discharges coding gaze position error. ABTectospinal neurons (TSNs) in the caudal superior colliculus of the alert behaving cat have a sustained discharge that depends on the magnitude and direction of the vector between a food target and the visual axis. Each TSN has its 'optimal' vector for which it will be activated at a maximum discharge rate independent of whether the animal's head is free or fixed. The discharge is not due to prolonged stimulation of a TSN's receptive field since the discharge persists even when the target is not visible. AUMunoz DP; Guitton D EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p184-8 MJNeurons; Psychomotor Performance; Spinal Cord /PH; Superior Colliculus /PH MNCats; Efferent Pathways /PH; Eye Movements; Neural Transmission; Spinal Cord /CY; Superior Colliculus /CY MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.9.3.1 (Cytochrome Oxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001502 TIMetabolic activity in SmI cortical barrels of adult rats is dependent on patterned sensory stimulation of the mystacial vibrissae. ABCytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry was used to examine the effect of sensory deprivation on metabolic activity in the somatosensory cortex (SmI) of adult rats. Chronic trimming of one or several rows of mystacial vibrissae resulted in a decrease in CO reactivity in the corresponding barrels in layer IV. Reduced CO staining also was observed in cortical laminae superficial and deep to the affected layer IV barrels, suggesting that patterned deflections of the whiskers are important for maintaining the metabolic activity of neurons at least 3 and perhaps 4 synapses removed from the periphery. AULand PW; Simons DJ EM8601 IDEY05280; NS19950 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p189-94 MJSensation; Somatosensory Cortex /PH; Vibrissae MNCytochrome Oxidase /ME; Hair Removal; Histocytochemistry; Physical Stimulation /MT; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sensory Deprivation /PH; Somatosensory Cortex /EN MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1134-47-0 (Baclofen); 56-12-2 (GABA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001503 TIPre- and postsynaptic effects of baclofen in the rat hippocampal slice. ABCA1 pyramidal cells responded to baclofen with a hyperpolarization. This response was found in the apical and basal dendrites and, like the hyperpolarizing response of the dendrites to GABA, appeared to be Ca2+-dependent since it was blocked or reduced by intracellular injection of EGTA or extracellular application of cadmium. Baclofen also reduced the excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials produced by stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals. The pre- and postsynaptic effects on the synaptic waveform could be distinguished. AUBlaxter TJ; Carlen PL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p195-9 MJBaclofen; Hippocampus; Synapses MNCalcium /PH; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Conductivity; GABA /PD; Neural Transmission /DE; Potassium /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN142-47-2 (Sodium Glutamate); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001505 TIInhibition of the lordosis reflex in rats by intrahypothalamic infusion of neural excitatory agents: evidence that the hypothalamus contains separate inhibitory and facilitatory elements. ABIn attempts to activate lordosis-facilitating neural mechanisms in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), neural excitatory agents were infused into the medial hypothalamus, and the effects of the infusions on the lordosis reflex and on the electrical activity of VMH neurons were studied. Surprisingly, bilateral intrahypothalamic infusion of glutamate (10 mM, 1.0 microliter/side) into behaving, ovariectomized, estrogen-treated rats displaying moderate lordotic responsiveness did not facilitate lordosis, but instead, resulted in a rapid (within a few minutes) and transient (recovery in about 20 min) inhibition of lordosis. Further experiments showed that this lordosis-inhibiting effect of glutamate was dose-related, and was completely blocked by prior infusion of a local anesthetic, procaine. Infusion of KC1 (1.5 or 15%, 1.0 microliter/side) also induced a dose-related, rapid and transient inhibition of lordosis, that was essentially identical to that induced by glutamate. Kainic acid (0.25 micrograms/0.5 microliter/side) also caused a rapid inhibition of lordosis, but the effect was long-lasting (days). The inhibition of lordosis by these agents was dissociated in time course, presence, and/or severity from effects on non-lordotic behaviors. Electrophysiological studies showed that all three agents tested could excite multiunit activity of the VMH, and that the time courses of these excitations were closely comparable to those of the inhibition of lordosis induced by the respective agents. Altogether, these studies indicated that the excitation of certain medial hypothalamic neurons can inhibit the lordosis reflex. The implied lordosis-inhibiting neural mechanisms are separate from facilitatory mechanism(s), according to differences in latency, duration, and procaine-sensitivity of response. AUKow LM; Harlan RE; Shivers BD; Pfaff DW EM8601 IDHD 05585; HD 05737; HD 05751 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p26-34 MJNervous System; Neural Inhibition; Reflex; Sex Behavior, Animal MNElectrophysiology; Hypothalamus; Injections; Kainic Acid /PD; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rats; Sodium Glutamate /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN18883-66-4 (Streptozotocin); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 64854-64-4 (FK 33-824); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001506 TIEffect of growth hormone-releasing stimuli in streptozotocin diabetic rats. ABThe dynamics of growth hormone (GH) secretion in response to different GH secretagogues has been studied in adult freely moving male rats one month after induction of diabetes by single i.v. injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Baseline plasma GH concentrations and pituitary GH content were not different in streptozotocin-diabetic (St-D) rats and controls. Clonidine (0.15 mg/kg i.v.), an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, failed to evoke GH release in St-D rats. Substitution therapy with insulin (1 IU/100 g b.wt.daily) delivered through subcutaneously implanted minipumps, allowed re-institution of a normal GH responsiveness to clonidine. At odds with clonidine, FK 33-824 (0.1 mg/kg i.v.), a potent analog of the opioid peptide Met-enkephalin, induced a similar rise in plasma GH levels in control and St-D rats. Finally, administration of a synthetic replicate of a GH-releasing hormone of human pancreatic origin, hpGRF-40 (2.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) elicited a higher GH response in St-D rats than in controls. These data indicate that in St-D rats: (1) an impaired function of noradrenergic pathways controlling GH release is present; (2) contrary to previous beliefs, an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism is not involved in the GH-releasing effect of opioid peptides; and (3) pituitary GH responsiveness to hpGRF is increased. AULocatelli V; Miyoshi H; Bestetti G; Rossi GL; Muller EE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p35-40 MJClonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; FK 33-824; Somatotropin MNDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental /PP; Hypothalamus /PP; Pituitary Gland /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Streptozotocin MTAnimal; Human; Male RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 14439-61-3 (Ro 5-4864) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001507 TIBinding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 in primary cultures of astrocytes. ABIntact primary cultures of astrocytes display benzodiazepine receptors, which can be labeled with [3H]Ro 5-4864. Binding of [3H]Ro 5-4864 is specific, saturable and temperature dependent, being maximal at 0 degrees C. Scatchard analyses show a single population of high affinity binding sites with a Kd value of 6.7 nM and a Bmax value of congruent to 12,000 fmol/mg protein. The binding reaches equilibrium at congruent to 100 min, with k+1 of 0.0078 nM-1 X min-1 and is rapidly reversible with k-1 of 0.057 min-1. [3H]Ro 5-4864 binding is not modulated by GABA. Certain benzodiazepines (flunitrazepam, diazepam, Ro 7-3351) and dipyridamole displace this binding with IC50 values in the nanomolar range, whereas other benzodiazepines (alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide) as well as carbamazepine, phenytoin and phenobarbital have IC50 values in the micromolar range. These characteristics resemble those of Ro 5-4864 binding to brain membrane preparations reported by other authors and thus indicate that the cultured astrocytes are good models of their in vivo counterparts. AUBender AS; Hertz L EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p41-9 MJAstrocytes; Benzodiazepinones MNBinding Sites; Cells, Cultured; Kinetics; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Temperature; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 89-00-9 (quinolinic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001509 TIEffects of intracerebral injections of quinolinic acid on serotonergic neurons in the rat brain. ABThe effects of intrastriatal and intrahippocampal injections of the excitotoxic amino acid, quinolinic acid (QUIN), were examined in the rat using immunohistochemical and neurochemical techniques. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurements at 90 min, 6 h, 4 and 11 days following QUIN administration revealed highly elevated levels of the metabolite in the injected nuclei, with peak increases occurring after 4 days. Serotonin levels remained largely unchanged over the same time period. Direct visualization of hippocampal serotonergic fibers by immunohistochemistry demonstrated morphological changes (varicosities, swellings) in otherwise undamaged serotonin-positive afferents 4 days following a local QUIN injection. Hippocampal serotonin turnover was assessed at 4 days after an intrahippocampal QUIN-application: following inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan was twice as rapid in QUIN-lesioned hippocampi as in controls. Dose-response relationships, examination of brain regions distant from the two injection sites and the temporal sequence of the changes described here suggest a close association between QUIN-induced neuronal degeneration and alterations in the serotonergic system. AUAldinio C; Mazzari S; Toffano G; Kohler C ; Schwarcz R EM8601 IDNS-16102 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p57-65 MJBrain /DE; Neurons; Pyridines; Quinolinic Acids /PD; Serotonin /PH MNBrain /CY; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Corpus Striatum /EN /ME; Glutamate Decarboxylase /ME; Hippocampus /EN /IM /ME; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /ME; Injections; Quinolinic Acids /IM; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001510 TISynchrony between cortical neurons during operant conditioning. ABOne hundred twenty five pairs of neurons were recorded simultaneously from precentral cortex of Macaca mulatta monkeys during an operant conditioning task. At the end of 5-min behavioral periods, a cross-correlation histogram was generated to look for relationships between the firing of the two cortical neurons. Eighty four (67%) unit pairs showed a significant coincidence of firing within 1 ms of each other. This relationship occurred regardless of whether the units' firing rate fluctuations were correlated or not. These data imply that in the majority of cases, the two units are probably more related than previously reported. AUWyler AR EM8601 IDNS 04053 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p66-72 MJCerebral Cortex /PH; Conditioning, Operant MNCerebral Cortex /CY; Macaca mulatta; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 40077-13-2 (BE 2254); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine); 6917-35-7 (Inositol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001511 TIAlpha 1-adrenergic receptors and stimulation of [3H]inositol metabolism in rat brain: regional distribution and parallel inactivation. ABThe relationship between norepinephrine-stimulated phosphatidyl-inositol metabolism and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor density was examined in rat brain. Increases in phosphatidyl-inositol metabolism were determined by accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphates in the presence of lithium in brain slices, while receptor density was determined by specific binding of 125I-BE 2254 (125IBE) in membrane fractions. Treatment of slices of cerebral cortex with increasing concentrations of the irreversible alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine caused a parallel inactivation of specific 125IBE binding sites and norepinephrine-induced [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation, although approximately 20% of the binding sites remained after abolition of the inositol response. Comparison of the density of 125IBE binding sites and the magnitude of norepinephrine-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate accumulation in 8 different brain regions did not show a particularly good correlation. The thalamus had the highest density of binding sites and an intermediate inositol response, while the hippocampus had the highest inositol response but an intermediate density of binding sites. However, the cerebellum had the lowest density of binding sites and no measurable inositol response. Treatment of slices of each region with 300 nM phenoxybenzamine abolished the inositol response and caused a 59-73% decrease in the density of 125IBE binding sites. The lack of correlation between receptor density and inositol response between brain regions could not be explained on the basis of receptor affinity, spare receptors, protein content, nor differences in slice size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUJohnson RD; Minneman KP EM8601 IDNS21325 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p7-15 MJBrain /ME; Inositol; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH MNBinding Sites; Brain /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Norepinephrine /PD; Phenethylamines /ME; Phenoxybenzamine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /AN; Stimulation, Chemical; Tissue Distribution; Tritium /DU MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001512 TICommissural and ipsilateral internuclear connection of vestibular nuclear complex of the cat. ABCommissural and ipsilateral intrinsic connections of the vestibular nuclear complex of cats were investigated using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was microiontophoretically injected into limited areas (0.2-0.5 mm in diameter) of the respective vestibular nuclei. In the commissural connections, major fibers were observed between the bilateral superior vestibular nuclei (SVN) and between the bilateral descending vestibular nuclei (DVN); a moderate number of fibers was found from the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) to the contralateral MVN, SVN and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and from the DVN to the contralateral LVN. Minor commissural connections were detected between the bilateral LVN. The ipsilateral internuclear connections of the vestibular nuclear complex were: (1) from the LVN, MVN and DVN to the SVN, (2) from the MVN and DVN to the LVN and (3) from the MVN to the DVN. Minor ipsilateral intrinsic connections were found from the SVN to the MVN. AUIto J; Matsuoka I; Sasa M; Takaori S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p73-81 MJVestibular Nuclei MNBrain Mapping; Cats; Horseradish Peroxidase /DU; Neural Pathways /PH MTAnimal RNEC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases); EC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001513 TIHorseradish peroxidase evidence for a spinal projection from the preoptic area of the goldfish, a light and electron microscopic study. ABHorseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied to the transected spinal cord of goldfish labeled neurons in the preoptic area. Since leakage of HRP into the blood could produce the labeling of neurosecretory cells, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of HRP were made with a wide range of dosages in order to intentionally label preoptic neurosecretory cells. The distribution of preoptic neurons labeled after spinal HRP application was far more restricted than the labeling via uptake of HRP from the blood, even when cells in the spinal cord-transected fish were intensely labeled. Furthermore, in HRP electron microscopic material, morphological differences were observed between neurons labeled by the two procedures. Large numbers of dense core vesicles and well-developed stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum, features typical of cells projecting to the pituitary, were not observed in cells labeled via the spinal cord. These findings indicate that in goldfish a direct projection exists from the preoptic area to the spinal cord which could be homologous to one arising from the paraventricular nucleus of mammals. Both i.p. injection and spinal transection also produced labeling of more caudal periventricular diencephalic cells which resemble preoptic cells in efferent projections as well as ultrastructural features. AUGregory WA; Tweedle CD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p82-91 MJCyprinidae; Goldfish; Horseradish Peroxidase; Neural Transmission; Peroxidases; Preoptic Area /PH; Spinal Cord /PH MNGoldfish /PH; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons /PH /UL; Neurosecretory Systems /CY; Preoptic Area /CY /UL; Spinal Cord /CY /UL MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN443-31-2 (6-hydroxytryptamine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001514 TIMonoamine release from dopamine-depleted rat caudate nucleus reinnervated by substantia nigra transplants: an in vivo electrochemical study. ABPrevious studies have shown that fetal substantia nigra (SN) transplanted into a cavity overlying a dopamine (DA)-denervated caudate nucleus can reverse a number of the behavioral abnormalities induced by the denervation. While some histochemical and physiological evidence suggests that this reversal is the result of a functional DA input from the transplant to the host brain, there is little direct evidence for transmitter release from ingrowing graft-derived nerve fibers. In the present work in vivo electrochemistry was used to analyse the magnitude, time course and spatial distribution of neurotransmitter releases evoked by local application of potassium (K+) from DA-depleted, SN transplant-reinnervated striatum. Animals were injected unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the SN and screened by measuring apomorphine-induced rotation. Some were then given SN grafts, which were placed in a 'delayed cavity' just dorsal to the lesioned striatum. Nafion-coated graphite epoxy capillary (GEC) electrodes were employed for the electrochemistry to minimize signals derived from ascorbate or acidic DA metabolites. The GEC electrode was fixed to a K+-filled micropipette and this assembly was used to map the caudate nucleus of control, 6-OHDA-treated, and 6-OHDA-treated, grafted animals. The morphometric relationships between striatal recording sites and transplant location were subsequently verified histologically. Releases from striatal sites within 1.0 mm of the SN grafts were slightly, but not significantly, less than those obtained from control caudate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AURose G; Gerhardt G; Stromberg I ; Olson L; Hoffer B EM8601 IDNS-09199; DA-02429; MH-00289 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 19 1985, 341(1) p92-100 MJBiogenic Amines; Caudate Nucleus /SU; Dopamine; Substantia Nigra MNCaudate Nucleus /ME; Electrochemistry; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001515 TIMorphologic and functional abnormalities that develop in kitten Purkinje neurons during maintenance for months after maturation in organotypic cultures. ABThe morphologic and functional properties of the Purkinje cells (P-cells) grown for 10-11 weeks in organotypic cultures from newborn kitten cerebella were studied and compared to cultures which had been grown for 4-5 weeks under the same standard conditions. Electrophysiological and morphological data were obtained from HRP iontophoretically labeled neurons and were quantified by means of computerized techniques. Extracellular recordings of spontaneous activity showed that the 10-11-week-old P-cells had a pacemaker-like firing rate whereas the P-cells aged 4-5 weeks in vitro displayed a bursting activity. The qualitative morphological data evidenced abnormal swellings both on dendritic and axonal processes of the 10-11-week-old P-cells which were not present on the 4-5-week-old P-cells. The quantitative data revealed a significant decrease in the overall size of the dendritic network of the 10-11-week-old P-cells mainly due to a reduction in the total dendritic length and in the total number of dendritic segments, whereas the individual segment lengths remained almost unchanged. Dendritic spine counts showed no decrease in the dendritic density of these older P-cells. Such data suggest that the changes observed in 10-11-week-old cultured P-cells may be compared to the age-related changes occurring in vivo and that such in vitro models could be useful tools in the study of the pathology of aging. However, alternative factors other than senescence are discussed since they may account for some degenerative changes observed in the older cultured P-cells. AUCalvet MC; Calvet J; Eude D; Dufosse M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p205-21 MJPurkinje Cells MNAnimals, Newborn; Axons /CY; Cats; Cells, Cultured; Dendrites /CY; Electrophysiology; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase; Purkinje Cells /PH MTAnimal RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001516 TIWater deprivation increases anterior hypothalamic norepinephrine metabolism in the rat. ABRats were limited to 10 min of access to water per day. After 1 week, concentrations and rate of metabolism of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined in hypothalamic and limbic areas associated with regulation of water homeostasis. Chronic water deprivation caused hypovolemia, hypotension and ingestion of a large volume of water when water became available. Norepinephrine metabolism was consistently increased in samples containing the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, but no other catecholamine in any other brain area was significantly affected by the deprivation schedule. We conclude that the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is involved in the response to chronic disruption of water balance in the rat. AUKlemfuss H; Seiden LS EM8601 IDMH-11191; MH-14274; MH-10562 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p222-7 MJHypothalamus, Anterior; Norepinephrine; Water Deprivation MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 63968-82-1 (kassinin); 86933-75-7 (neuromedin K); 88507-24-8 (substance K) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001517 TIThe regional distribution of kassinin-like immunoreactivity in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. ABThe regional distribution of kassinin-like immunoreactivity (KLI) was investigated by radioimmunoassay in central and peripheral tissues of the cat. In the cat brain KLI was found to have a widespread distribution with the highest concentrations present in the substantia nigra followed by the hypothalamus and caudate nucleus. Moderate levels were detected in the spinal cord, brainstem and thalamus but only low levels were found in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. In the periphery KLI was present in moderate amounts in the pituitary but in only low amounts in the dorsal root ganglion. KLI was present throughout the gastrointestinal tract with the highest concentration in the duodenum. The distribution of KLI was found to resemble closely that of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) although the ratio of SPLI to KLI varied widely throughout the tissues tested. In the frontal cortex and cerebellum the concentration of SPLI was at least 5-fold higher than that of KLI whereas in the pituitary gland, caudate nucleus and terminal ileum the concentrations of SPLI were only 50% higher. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of individual tissue extracts was used in order to characterize the KLI. In the caudate nucleus, substantia nigra and hypothalamus the major immunoreactive peak co-eluted with synthetic substance K. In contrast, in the spinal cord and terminal ileum the major peak of KLI co-eluted with synthetic neuromedin K. These results demonstrate that KLI is widely distributed throughout cat tissues and that this distribution closely resembles that of SPLI. However, it also appears that there are important qualitative differences in the KLI between the areas tested. AUHunter JC; Hannah PA; Maggio JE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p228-32 MJCentral Nervous System /ME; Gastrointestinal System /ME; Oligopeptides /ME; Substance P /ME MNAdrenal Glands /AN /ME; Cats; Central Nervous System /AN; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ganglia, Spinal /AN /ME; Ganglia, Sympathetic /AN /ME; Gastrointestinal System /AN; Nerve Tissue Proteins /AN /ME; Oligopeptides /AN; Radioimmunoassay; Substance P /AN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin); 9035-55-6 (Lipotropin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001518 TILight and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of beta-endorphin/beta-LPH-like immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus and surrounding areas of the rat hypothalamus. ABbeta-Endorphin/beta-LPH-like immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and its surrounding areas were visualized by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Immunoreactive processes were found in the vicinity of the pia mater, in the lateral part of the external layer of the median eminence and near the lateral wall of the third ventricle. Neuronal perikarya contained immunoreactive dense granules as well as developed cell organellae. They received neuronal inputs from other neurons through axoplasmic and axodendritic synapses. Immunoreactive neuronal processes containing dense granules and mitochondria were found as preterminal elements on non-immunoreactive neuronal soma and dendrites. Immunoreactive processes also make intimate contact with capillaries in the arcuate nucleus near the median eminence. AUIbata Y; Kawakami F; Okamura H; Obata-Tsuto HL; Morimoto N; Zimmerman EA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p233-42 MJArcuate Nucleus; Endorphins; Lipotropin; Neurons MNArcuate Nucleus /CY /UL; Immunochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons /CY /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001520 TIThe organization of neurons in the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus projecting to the superior and inferior colliculi in the rat. ABThe topographic organization of neurons in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) which project to the superior and inferior colliculi was studied using the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the fluorescent double labeling methods. Neurons projecting to the superior colliculus (SC) are situated in the rostral portion of the DNLL, whereas those to the inferior colliculus (IC) are found in the caudal area of this nucleus. These two portions are completely separated from each other and no neurons projecting to both the SC and the IC are observed. In the dorsolateral part of the rostral portion of the DNLL, neurons projecting to the ipsilateral SC are found, whereas neurons projecting to the contralateral SC are located in the central to medial part of the nucleus, but no neurons sending collateral axons to both sides of the SC were observed. Neurons located in the central part of the caudal area of the DNLL project to the ipsilateral IC and neurons in the lateral and medial parts project contralaterally to the IC. Some of the neurons in the caudal part of the DNLL have divergent axonal branching projecting to both sides of the IC. In the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, labeled neurons were observed only when the HRP was injected into the ipsilateral IC. AUTanaka K; Otani K; Tokunaga A; Sugita S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p252-60 MJInferior Colliculus; Mesencephalon; Neurons; Superior Colliculus MNCorpora Quadrigemina /AH; Histocytochemistry; Horseradish Peroxidase; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN31362-50-2 (Bombesin); 68374-47-0 (somatostatin, octapeptide(8-D-Trp) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001521 TICentral nervous system effects of bombesin on the cardiovascular response to cold exposure. ABThe effects of cold exposure on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were examined in conscious, unrestrained rats receiving intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of bombesin or appropriate control solutions. Cold exposure elicited significant elevations of MAP, HR and VO2 in control-treated rats. I.c.v. administration of bombesin produced dose-related suppressions of cold-induced elevations of HR and VO2, but not MAP. The central nervous system (CNS)-selective somatostatin analog, ODT8-SS, injected i.c.v., reversed the effects of bombesin on HR and VO2 during cold exposure. Intravenous administration of atropine methyl nitrate did not antagonize the effects of bombesin on HR and VO2 during cold exposure. HR and VO2 were strongly correlated in bombesin-treated rats suggesting that this peptide may prevent cold-induced elevations of VO2 through a CNS action on cardiac function. AUFisher LA; Cave CR; Brown MR EM8601 IDHL-32008; NS-14263 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p261-8 MJBombesin /PD; Cardiovascular System; Central Nervous System; Cold MNBlood Pressure /DE; Body Temperature Regulation /DE; Bombesin /AD; Heart Rate /DE; Injections, Intraventricular; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Peptide Fragments /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Somatostatin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN65426-90-6 (true blue) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001522 TILongitudinal columnar organization within the dorsal motor nucleus represents separate branches of the abdominal vagus. ABTo identify the distribution of central preganglionics associated with each branch of the subdiaphragmatic vagus, the fluorescent tracer True Blue (TB) was administered intraperitoneally to rats with 4 out of 5 branches cauterized, and then, after 72 h, the animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. Each vagal branch contained the axons of a topographically distinct column of cells within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN). The columns representing the 4 branches with the largest numbers of efferents are organized as paired, bilaterally symmetrical, longitudinal distributions on either side of the medulla. Each DMN side contains a column occupying the medial two-thirds or more of the nucleus and corresponding to one of the gastric branches (left DMN, anterior gastric; right DMN, posterior gastric). Also on each side, the lateral pole of the DMN consists of a coherent cell column corresponding to one of the celiac branches (left DMN, accessory celiac; right DMN, celiac). The fifth branch, the hepatic, is represented by a limited number of somata forming a diffuse column largely coextensive with that representing the anterior gastric branch. At some levels of the DMN, the columns overlap. Labeled cells observed in the reticular formation were correlated in number, left-right ratios and response to vagotomy with those in the DMN, which suggests that they are displaced cells of the nucleus. Distributions of labeled cells in the nucleus ambiguus and the retrofacial nucleus were not tightly correlated with those of the DMN. An analysis of cell counts obtained for each of the individual branches suggests that vagal axons do not generally send collaterals through more than one branch. AUFox EA; Powley TL EM8601 IDAM27627 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p269-82 MJMedulla Oblongata; Neurons, Efferent; Spinal Cord; Vagus Nerve MNBenzofurans; Fluorescent Dyes; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001523 TIWidespread reductions in cerebral blood flow and metabolism elicited by electrical stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus in rat. ABWe have studied the effect of electrical stimulation of the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) and adjacent areas of dorsal pons on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and glucose utilization (rCGU) in anesthetized (chloralose), paralyzed (tubocurarine) rats. rCBF and rCGU were measured in dissected tissue samples of 9 brain regions by the [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxyglucose method, respectively. Electrical stimulation restricted to the medial parabrachial nucleus (PBNm, n = 5) elicited significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in rCBF in 7 out of 9 brain regions. Reductions were greatest in cerebral cortex (up to 35% in occipital cortex) and least in the white matter of the corpus callosum (23%). The effect on rCBF persisted after transection of the cervical sympathetic trunk (n = 5). In contrast, stimulation of the lateral portion of PBN (n = 5), periventricular gray (n = 5) and interestingly, the nucleus locus coeruleus (n = 5) failed to elicit similar changes in rCBF. PBNm stimulation also elicited decreases in rCGU (n = 4) in 5 out of 9 brain areas, most notably regions of cerebral cortex. The decreases in rCGU (delta rCGU) were linearly related to the decreases in rCBF (delta rCBF) according to the equation delta rCBF = 2.37 delta rCGU + 2.1 (r = 0.72; P less than 0.001). We conclude that excitation of neural pathways originating in, or passing through, PBNm elicits a widespread reduction in cerebral metabolism and secondarily in blood flow (secondary vasoconstriction). Since projections of the PBNm do not involve the entire cortex, it seems likely that the effect is mediated via inhibition of diffuse cortical projections through a subcortical site. AUMraovitch S; Iadecola C; Ruggiero DA; Reis DJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p283-96 MJBrain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Glucose; Pons MNElectric Stimulation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid); 25999-31-9 (Lasalocid); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine); 51-67-2 (Tyramine); 52665-69-7 (A-23187) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001524 TIRelease of endogenous brain epinephrine by the calcium ionophores X537A and A23187. ABThe Ca2+ ionophores X537A and A23187 produced dose-dependent release of endogenous epinephrine (Epi) as well as norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) from chopped rat hypothalamus and brainstem. The X537A-induced release of these catecholamines (CAs) was found to be Ca2+-independent, whereas the A23187-induced release was Ca2+-dependent. X537A and A23187 were approximately equipotent in causing the release of the hypothalamic Epi, NE and DA, but X537A was much more effective than A23187 in causing the maximal release. X537A, but not A23187, reduced the total endogenous CA content and increased the total 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content in the chopped hypothalamus. Ca2+-independent release of Epi, NE and DA in the chopped hypothalamus was also observed with indirectly acting sympathomimetic amines (e.g. tyramine and amphetamine). Tyramine and amphetamine did not affect the total endogenous CA contents nor the total DOPAC content. These results suggest that X537A caused release of endogenous brain Epi, NE and DA by transporting the biogenic amines across vesicular or intracellular storage sites. However, A23187 caused release of these CAs by exocytosis via transport of Ca2+ into the neurons. AULiang NY; Hower JA; Borchardt RT EM8601 IDHL24093 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p297-302 MJA-23187; Brain Stem /SE; Epinephrine; Hypothalamus /SE; Lasalocid MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid /SE; Brain Stem /DE; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Dopamine /SE; Hypothalamus /DE; Norepinephrine /SE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Tyramine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001525 TITime-course and regional distribution of the metabolic effects of bromocriptine in the rat brain. ABLocal cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) and motor behavior were examined in awake Fischer-344 rats after administration of the dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine (BROMO). LCGU was measured using the [14C]2-deoxyglucose technique in 63 brain regions at 1,2,3 or 4 h after BROMO 20 mg/kg, and at 4 h after BROMO 100 mg/kg i.p. At 2 h, LCGU was reduced significantly in 13% of the 63 regions examined. The affected regions are related to the topographical distribution of dopaminergic innervation in the brain. At 3-4 h, LCGU remained depressed in some of the above dopaminergic regions, but was elevated significantly in regions which are involved in sensorimotor function. BROMO also produced two behavioral effects depending on time after administration. Locomotor activity was depressed at 1-2 h, and stereotyped behavior appeared at 3-4 h. The time-dependent effects of BROMO may reflect progressively increasing brain concentrations of the drug or of its active metabolites. The coincidence of locomotor depression and reduction of LCGU in dopaminergic regions suggests a role of dopamine autoreceptors in regulation of motor function. Metabolic stimulation of many non-dopaminergic regions when stereotypy is evident suggests that circuit(s) involving these areas may contribute to stereotypy. AUPizzolato G; Soncrant TT; Rapoport SI EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p303-12 MJBrain /ME; Bromocriptine; Glucose MNBasal Ganglia /DE /ME; Behavior, Animal /DE; Brain Stem /DE /ME; Brain /DE; Cerebellum /DE /ME; Cerebral Cortex /DE /ME; Diencephalon /DE /ME; Limbic System /DE /ME; Mesencephalon /DE /ME; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001526 TIInhibitory effect of phenytoin on intracellular cyclic nucleotide and calcium changes during pentylenetetrazole-induced bursting activity in snail neurons. ABEffects of phenytoin (PHT) on the intracellular calcium reservoir, lysosome-like granules (LLG), and calcium-related intracellular events during pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced bursting activity in the neurons of the Japanese land snail, Euhadra peliomphala, were examined. PTZ-induced morphological change of LLG was inhibited by PHT. Calcium release from LLG was inhibited by PHT. PHT also inhibited the cyclic AMP increase by PTZ. PHT inhibited the increase in calcium-dependent protein kinase activity during PTZ-induced bursting activity. These findings suggest that PHT inhibits, as a first step, cyclic AMP increase which is one of the trigger factors of bursting activity as well as subsequent calcium-related intracellular pathological changes during seizure activity. AUSugaya E; Kishii K; Onozuka M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p313-9 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Calcium; Neurons /ME; Pentylenetetrazole; Phenytoin MNAction Potentials /DE; Neurons /DE /PH /UL; Snails MTAnimal; In Vitro RN4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001527 TILocus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of centrally administered clonidine but not morphine. ABThe nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) has been implicated in the descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive dorsal horn neurons, spinal nociceptive reflexes and in the antinociception produced by morphine. To further explore the involvement of the LC in antinociception, bilateral electrolytic lesions in the LC were made in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Lesions in the LC did not alter the antinociception produced by morphine (2.5 and 5 micrograms) administered in the periaqueductal gray in either the tail-flick (TF) or hot-plate (HP) tests when tested 7 and 14 days after the lesions. Baseline nociceptive thresholds in the TF and HP tests likewise were not affected at 7 or 14 days post-lesion. In contrast, the antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered intrathecally on day 13 post-lesion was enhanced significantly in the TF test; the antinociceptive ED50 of the LC lesion group was 0.52 micrograms whereas that of the sham lesion group was 2.29 micrograms. The antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered systemically (750 and 500 micrograms/kg, s.c.) was also enhanced in the LC lesion group in the TF but not the HP test. Norepinephrine (NE) in the lumbar spinal cord was correlated negatively and significantly with the extent of destruction of the LC. The lumbar spinal content of NE was reduced maximally at 12 days post-lesion (to 56% of control). The binding of [3H]clonidine in the lumbar spinal cord was slightly greater in the LC lesion than sham lesion group; the Bmax values were 42.4 fmol/mg protein and 35.5 fmol/mg protein for the LC lesion and sham lesion groups, respectively. It is suggested that the LC participates in the descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission and that this inhibition may be mediated in the spinal cord by alpha-2 adrenoceptors located postsynaptically with respect to the NE terminals of the spinopetal LC efferents. AUOssipov MH; Chatterjee TK; Gebhart GF EM8601 IDDA02879; T32 MH15172 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p320-30 MJClonidine /PD; Locus Coeruleus /PP; Morphine /PD; Pain /PP; Periaqueductal Gray MNClonidine /AD /TU; Locus Coeruleus /PA; Morphine /AD /TU; Norepinephrine /ME; Pain /DT; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /ME /PP MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN20408-97-3 (5-thio-D-glucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 60-81-1 (Phlorhizin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001528 TIFourth ventricular phlorizin dissociates feeding from hyperglycemia in rats. ABThe effects of 4th ventricular injections of phlorizin and 5-thioglucose (5-TG) on feeding, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin levels were determined. Fourth ventricular applications of phlorizin (13 micrograms) and 5-TG (150 and 210 micrograms) were equally effective in stimulating feeding. Systemic injections of phlorizin (13 micrograms) did not stimulate feeding. In the absence of food, hyperglycemia was elicited by 4th ventricular injections of 5-TG. In contrast, the dose of phlorizin that stimulated feeding, did not produce hyperglycemia. Basal plasma insulin levels were not affected by either of the 4th ventricular injections. These data indicate that activation of caudal brainstem metabolic interoceptors provides an afferent limb for the production of compensatory responses and that behavioral and autonomic compensatory responses can be activated independently. The glucodynamic action of phlorizin appears selective for that mechanism mediating the behavioral compensatory response of feeding in contrast to the dual effects produced by 5-TG. These and other data suggest that different caudal brainstem mechanisms control behavioral and autonomic compensatory responses. AUFlynn FW; Grill HJ EM8601 IDAM-21397; MH-15092 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p331-6 MJBrain Stem; Feeding Behavior; Glucose; Hyperglycemia; Phlorhizin /PD MNBrain Stem /PH; Glucose /AD /PD; Injections, Intraventricular; Insulin /BL; Phlorhizin /AD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN67-42-5 (EGTA); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001529 TIConditioning hyperpolarization reveals a property of the light-sensitive current in photoreceptors that is modified by cGMP and EGTA. ABIn the dark, an ionic current flows into the outer segments of retinal rods. The absorption of photons by rhodopsin leads to a graded suppression or inactivation of this inward 'light-sensitive' current. The present study shows that following a conditioning hyperpolarization of the rod membrane in the dark, there was a transient increase in total inward current which could no longer be completely suppressed or inactivated by a bright light. The increased inward current following a hyperpolarization had the same reversal potential as the normal inward current but was apparently less sensitive to light. Thus the chain of events between light stimulation and the subsequent membrane current response can be influenced by voltage. Previously, it has been shown that the light-sensitive current is modulated by cGMP and Ca2+, both of which have been proposed as internal messengers that link the absorption of photons to the change in inward membrane current. In the present study, intracellular injection of cGMP or EGTA produced an additional increase in inward current following a conditioning hyperpolarization. On the other hand, these substances antagonized the effect of voltage by permitting complete inactivation of the total inward current by light after a hyperpolarizing step. These results indicate that cyclic nucleotides and calcium can modify the inactivation of an ionic current following a conditioning hyperpolarization. A simple model suggests that these findings are consistent with the notion that this inward conductance in rods has two open states, one sensitive to light and the other insensitive. cGMP or low Ca2+ appears to favor the open state that can be inactivated by light. AULipton SA EM8601 IDEY04179 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p337-49 MJEGTA; Ethylene Glycols; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Rods and Cones /PH MNAmbystoma; Cells, Cultured; Conditioning (Psychology); Evoked Potentials, Visual /DE; Photic Stimulation; Rods and Cones /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone); 57-27-2 (Morphine); 74913-18-1 (Dynorphin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001530 TINon-dopaminergic mechanisms in the turning behavior evoked by intranigral opiates. ABThe turning effects of the unilateral intranigral injection of morphine and of different analogs of dynorphin and enkephalin were studied. All injections were made in awake rats through cronically implanted guide cannulae. Dynorphin1-13 at a dose of 10 micrograms (0.6 nmol) and dynorphin1-17 at a dose of 2 micrograms (0.9 nmol) produced contralateral circling when injected unilaterally in the substantia nigra (SN), lasting for about 1 h. D-Ala-dynorphin1-17, a more stable analog of dynorphin, produced at a dose of 2 micrograms (0.9 nmol), a longer-lasting effect. Injections of different enkephalin analogs were also made into the SN, [D-Ser2]-Leu-enkephalin (10 micrograms, 14.5 nmol) and [D-Ala2,D-Ala3]-Met-enkephalin (10 micrograms, 15 nmol) also produced contralateral circling after unilateral intranigral injection. This behavior lasted for 60-90 min, depending on the different enkephalins used. As already reported by Iwamoto and Way18 morphine also produced contralateral circling when injected into the SN. The circling evoked by all these opiates was completely antagonized by 5 mg/kg of naltrexone s.c. In order to study the role of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system, we made unilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and kainic acid lesions of the striatum and we looked at the effect elicited by these lesions on the behavior produced by the above compounds when injected into the SN. The lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system failed to affect either the number of turns or the duration of the contralateral circling produced by unilateral injections of morphine, dynorphin and enkephalin analogs into the SN correspondent to the lesioned side. On the other hand kainate lesions of the body of the caudate potentiated the turning induced by intra-SN morphine and dynorphin. Therefore it appears that the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system is not essential in the expression of the contraversive turning behavior produced by intranigral injections of endogenous opiates or morphine and that opiates might produce dopamine-like effects indirectly, through the inhibition of nigral non-dopaminergic output neurons. AUMorelli M; Di Chiara G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p350-9 MJDynorphin /PD; Enkephalins /PD; Median Forebrain Bundle; Morphine /PD; Movement; Neural Pathways; Substantia Nigra MNDynorphin /AD; Enkephalins /AD; Hydroxydopamines /AD /PD; Morphine /AD; Naltrexone /AD /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001531 TISpontaneous electrical activity induced by herpes virus infection in rat sensory neuron cultures. ABDissociated cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons were infected with a syncytial strain of herpes simplex virus type 1. Over 90% of neurons in infected cultures were spontaneously active and fired action potentials which, on membrane potential hyperpolarization, were replaced by depolarizing events similar to excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Amplitude analysis of these events produced populations described by the sum of several unitary events with Gaussian rather than binomial or Poisson distributions. Such spontaneous activity was blocked by tetrodotoxin but not by low calcium high magnesium solutions containing cadmium. Simultaneous recording from pairs of spontaneously active neurons revealed excitatory connexions between cells. It is suggested that virus-induced fusion of nerve cell processes induces electrical coupling between sensory neurons, and that the resulting electrical network supports spontaneous activity. AUMayer ML; James MH; Russell RJ; Kelly JS; Wise JC; Pasternak CA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p360-4 MJHerpes Simplex; Neurons, Afferent /PH MNCells, Cultured; Ganglia, Spinal /CY /MI /PH; Membrane Potentials; Neurons, Afferent /MI; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 85213-84-9 (neurotensin-related hexapeptide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001532 TIPhylogenetic conservatism in the presence of a neurotensin-related hexapeptide in neurons of globus pallidus. ABThe vast majority of the pallidal neurons of the hamster, pigeon, caiman and turtle basal telencephalon were positively labeled by an antiserum against LANT-6, a neurotensin-like hexapeptide. In sharks also, LANT-6-positive neurons were observed in the apparent equivalent of the globus pallidus. These results, which imply the coexistence of a LANT-6-like peptide with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in pallidal neurons, suggest that a LANT-6-like peptide may be an important and evolutionarily conserved neurotransmitter/neuromodulator in pallidal neurons. AUReiner A; Carraway RE EM8601 IDNS-19620; AM 28565; AM28557 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p365-71 MJGlobus Pallidus /CY; Neurons; Neurotensin; Oligopeptides MNAlligators and Crocodiles; Dogfish; Globus Pallidus /AN /UL; Mesocricetus; Neurons /UL; Phylogeny; Pigeons; Species Specificity; Turtles MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 2430-27-5 (dipropylacetamide); 56-12-2 (GABA); 99-66-1 (Valproate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001533 TIGABA mimetics decrease extracellular concentrations of 5-HIAA (as measured by in vivo voltammetry) in the dorsal raphe of the rat. ABThe effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mimetics on extracellular concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) (as measured by differential pulse voltammetry with carbon fiber electrodes) in the dorsal raphe has been investigated in the rat. Systemic administration of dipropylacetamide decreased extracellular 5-HIAA to a similar extent, and within a comparable time course, in the dorsal raphe and striatum. Similar results were obtained after intradorsal raphe infusion of muscimol (100 ng). In contrast, local infusion of tetrodotoxin into the dorsal raphe failed to alter serotonin metabolism in this area. It is concluded that GABA depresses serotonin metabolism not only in nerve endings, but also in dendrites (and/or cell bodies) of serotonergic neurons. AUScatton B; Serrano A; Nishikawa T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p372-6 MJBrain Stem /ME; Corpus Striatum /ME; GABA; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Raphe Nuclei /ME MNBrain Stem /DE; Corpus Striatum /DE; Electrochemistry; Raphe Nuclei /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Valproate /AA /PD MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001534 TIDischarges of neurons in the midpontine dorsal tegmentum of mesencephalic cat during locomotion. ABDischarges of neurons in the midpontine dorsal tegmental field (DTF neurons) were recorded and analyzed during locomotion and were compared with those of reticulospinal neurons (RS neurons) located lateral to the DTF area. The conduction velocity of the descending axon of the DTF neurons was significantly smaller than that of the RS neurons. During locomotion, the DTF neurons showed a tonic increase in the discharge rate. In contrast, the discharge rate of the RS neurons showed cyclic modulation in step with locomotion. AUKawahara K; Mori S; Tomiyama T; Kanaya T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p377-80 MJLocomotion; Neurons; Pons; Tegmentum Mesencephali MNAction Potentials; Cats; Reticular Formation /PH; Spinal Cord /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 55985-32-5 (nicardipine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001535 TINeuronal differentiation of Ca2+ channel by nerve growth factor. ABThe inhibitory effect of nicardipine, a potent Ca2+ channel blocker in muscular cells, on the Ca2+ channel of clonal rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12h) and cultured rat adrenal medullary cells was studied during the neuronal differentiation mediated by nerve growth factor (NGF). Nicardipine at nM-order concentrations suppressed the high-K+-evoked, Ca2+-dependent release of preloaded [3H]norepinephrine from PC12h cells and adrenal medullary cells, whereas it scarcely inhibited the release from the cultured rat brainstem cells. The inhibitory actions of nicardipine on both PC12h and newborn rat adrenal medullary cells were significantly decreased after these cells were cultured in the presence of NGF. These results suggest that the changes in Ca2+ channel are accompanied by the neuronal differentiation mediated by NGF. AUTakahashi M; Tsukui H; Hatanaka H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p381-4 MJCalcium; Ion Channels; Nerve Growth Factors; Neurons /DE; Nifedipine MNAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /PP /SE; Adrenal Medulla /CY /SE; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Line; Clone Cells; Neurons /CY /PH; Nifedipine /PD; Norepinephrine /SE; Pheochromocytoma /PP /SE; Rats MTAnimal IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001536 TIDemonstration of the synaptic origin of primary afferent depolarisation (PAD) in the isolated spinal cord of the hamster. ABIntracellular recordings have been made from 31 primary afferent fibres within the dorsal horn of an isolated mammalian spinal cord. In 17 fibres stimulation of an adjacent dorsal root evoked primary afferent depolarization (PAD); these fibres also showed spontaneous depolarizations. Replacement of the calcium in the perfusing medium by manganese blocked both evoked and spontaneous activity showing them to be of synaptic origin. Observations on the effects of current injection and of bicuculline support an involvement of GABA in the generation of PAD. AUBagust J; Forsythe ID; Kerkut GA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p385-9 MJNeurons, Afferent; Spinal Cord; Synapses MNAction Potentials; Hamsters; Mesocricetus MTAnimal; In Vitro RN1069-48-3 (Allylglycine); 124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 57-24-9 (Strychnine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001538 TIStrychnine and L-allylglycine but not bicuculline and picrotoxin induce transsynaptic degeneration following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve in adult rats. ABThe effects of the convulsants strychnine, bicuculline, picrotoxin and L-allylglycine on the transsynaptic destruction of medullary dorsal horn neurons were examined following transection of the inferior alveolar nerve in adult rats. Strychnine and L-allylglycine enhanced the transsynaptic effect of nerve transection and caused degeneration of many dorsal horn neurons, while bicuculline and picrotoxin did not. The removal of glycinergic and GABAergic postsynaptic inhibition appears to enhance the transsynaptic destructive activity which follows the peripheral nerve transection. AUSugimoto T; Takemura M; Okubo J; Sakai A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p393-8 MJAllylglycine; Bicuculline; Glycine; Neurons; Picrotoxin; Strychnine; Synapses MNMandibular Nerve /PH; Medulla Oblongata /DE; Nerve Degeneration /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001539 TINucleus isthmi provides most tectal choline acetyltransferase in the frog Rana pipiens. ABUp to 9 weeks following the removal of unilateral retinal input, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the de-afferented tectal lobe is not significantly different from the intact tectal lobe. At 14 weeks, there is a 29% increase in the de-afferented side compared to the intact side. Following unilateral lesion of nucleus isthmi, ChAT activity in the tectal lobe ipsilateral to the lesion is approximately 30% of that measured in the contralateral lobe. Following bilateral n. isthmi lesion, ChAT activity in each tectal lobe is reduced by approximately 94% from intact tectal lobe controls. Thus, nucleus isthmi is the principal source of cholinergic input to the tectum. AURicciuti AJ; Gruberg ER EM8601 IDEY04366 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p399-402 MJCholine Acetyltransferase; Superior Colliculus; Tegmentum Mesencephali; Visual Pathways MNRana Pipiens MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001540 TIFurther indications for enhancement of retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA-HRP by synaptic activity. ABFactors affecting the retrograde transneuronal transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), from spinal motoneurones to interneurones, have been studied in the cat. To this end, the location of transneuronally labelled interneurones was compared in animals which were awake or remained anaesthetized after WGA-HRP had been injected into the semitendinosus or the medial gastrocnemius nerve. In the anaesthetized animals motor axons of the injected nerves were stimulated selectively, to activate only Renshaw cells, or together with group I afferents, to activate also laminae V-VI interneurones with input from these muscles. The interneurones labelled in this study were distributed in different spinal cord regions than the interneurones labelled in preparations in which group I afferents of antagonist muscles were stimulated, as described in a previous study. The reported observations extend evidence of Harrison et al. that the retrograde transneuronal transport of WGA-HRP is facilitated by synaptic activity. AUJankowska E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 26 1985, 341(2) p403-8 MJInterneurons; Motor Neurons; Spinal Cord; Synapses MNCats; Horseradish Peroxidase; Lectins /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 31362-50-2 (Bombesin); 39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001541 TIBombesin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of capsaicin-treated rats: a radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical study. ABThe neuroanatomical distribution of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) in the rat central nervous system was investigated using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry. Whereas cross-reactivity of the bombesin antiserum with substance P was problematic in the immunohistochemical experiments, no significant cross-reactivity with substance P was apparent in the radioimmunoassay. Results from the radioimmunoassay studies reveal particularly high concentrations of BLI in the hypothalamus, thalamus, medulla and spinal cord. Adult rats treated neonatally with capsaicin displayed significant depletions of somatostatin-like and substance P-like immunoreactivity and a small, statistically significant, reduction of BLI in the cervical spinal cord. Capsaicin treatment significantly reduced substance P-like immunoreactivity, but not somatostatin-like immunoreactivity, in the medulla and resulted in a small BLI depletion of borderline statistical significance in this brain region. Neonatally administered capsaicin treatment had no effect on the thalamic concentration of any of these three neuropeptides and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was unchanged in all brain regions studied. These results suggest that the source of some of the BLI found in the spinal cord may be capsaicin-sensitive dorsal root ganglion cells. AUDecker MW; Towle AC; Bissette G; Mueller RA; Lauder JM; Nemeroff CB EM8601 IDNIMH-39415; NS-00507; NS-15706; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p1-8 MJBombesin; Capsaicin; Central Nervous System MNAnimals, Newborn; Hypothalamus /AN; Immunochemistry; Medulla Oblongata /AN; Neurotensin /AN; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Somatostatin /AN; Spinal Cord /AN; Substance P /AN; Thalamus /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001542 TIEffect of atmospheric ions on hippocampal pyramidal neuron responsiveness to serotonin. ABThe effect of long-term exposure to positive or negative atmospheric ions on the responsiveness of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin (5-HT) was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to positive or negative ions (1.5 X 10(6) ions/ml) for 21 days, and a third group of rats served as controls. Unitary extracellular recordings from pyramidal neurons of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus were obtained under urethane anesthesia, and their responsiveness to microiontophoretically applied acetylcholine (ACh), norepinephrine (NE) and 5-HT was assessed. Spontaneous rate of discharge and sensitivity to NE and ACh of hippocampal neurons were not affected by exposure to atmospheric ions. Exposure to negative ions increased and that to positive ions decreased the responsiveness of these neurons to 5-HT. During the winter, a circadian rhythm of responsiveness to 5-HT was observed in the control group, sensitivity being lowest in the morning and highest in the evening. Exposure to ions disrupted this circadian rhythm; in rats exposed to negative ions, responsiveness throughout the day was similar to that observed in the evening in the controls, whereas in rats exposed to positive ions, the circadian rhythm of responsiveness to 5-HT was inverted. Brain concentrations of 5-HT, tryptophan, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were unchanged by exposure to atmospheric ions. AUDowdall M; De Montigny C EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p103-9 MJHippocampus; Ions; Neurons; Pyramidal Tracts MNAcetylcholine /PD; Atmosphere; Brain Chemistry; Circadian Rhythm; Hippocampus /PH; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Neurons /PH; Norepinephrine /PD; Pyramidal Tracts /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Seasons; Serotonin /AN /PD; Tryptophan /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 551-11-1 (prostaglandin F2) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001543 TISpecific bindings of prostaglandin D2, E2 and F2 alpha in postmortem human brain. ABBinding activities specific for each of [3H]prostaglandin (PG) D2, E2 and F2 alpha were detected in the P2 fraction of the human brain homogenates. The bindings were time-dependent, saturable and of high affinity; Kd values were 30 nM for all the PG bindings. Regional distribution of these binding activities was determined by measuring specific bindings with 10 nM [3H]PG-D2, [3H]PG-E2 and [3H]PG-F2 alpha in the P2 fractions from 17 brain regions. The PG-D2 binding activity was high in the hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus followed by cerebellar nuclei, thalamus, nucleus accumbens and cerebral cortex. The PG-E2 binding sites were similarly concentrated in the hypothalamus and the limbic system, but, unlike the PG-D2 binding, no significant binding of [3H]PG-E2 was observed in cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar cortex and putamen. Compared with these two PG bindings, PG-F2 alpha binding activity was low in many areas, but significant binding was detected in the amygdala, cingulate cortex, cerebellar medulla, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, midbrain and hypothalamus. These results suggest the presence and specific distribution of three distinct types of PG binding activities, i.e. specific binding of PG-D2, PG-E2 and PG-F2 alpha, in the human brain. AUWatanabe Y; Tokumoto H; Yamashita A; Narumiya S; Mizuno N; Hayaishi O EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p110-6 MJBrain; Prostaglandins D; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins F; Receptors, Endogenous Substances; Receptors, Prostaglandin MNMiddle Age MTComparative Study; Female; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-57-5 (Gold) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001544 TIUltrastructural morphometric analysis of somatostatin-like immunoreactive neurones in the rat central nervous system after labelling with colloidal gold. ABNerve terminals of the rat median eminence, arcuate nucleus and spinal cord were examined in the electron microscope after post-embedding, colloidal gold labelling of immunoreactivity to somatostatin. Strong immunostaining was thus obtained together with adequate morphological preservation. Reactive boutons showed clusters of gold particles essentially confined to dense-cored vesicles. In the median eminence, the positive varicosities made up more than half of all terminals and averaged 735 nm in diameter. Those in the arcuate nucleus and spinal cord were much less numerous and generally smaller (575 nm). The labelled vesicles had mean external diameters of 109, 95 and 79 nm in the median eminence, arcuate nucleus and spinal cord, respectively. Calculations of the likely amounts of somatostatin within the vesicles of the median eminence and arcuate nucleus yielded values of 0.7 and 1.4 mM, corresponding to 190 and 230 molecules of the peptide, respectively. These data support a neurotransmitter or modulator role for somatostatin in the central nervous system. AUFoster GA; Johansson O EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p117-27 MJArcuate Nucleus /UL; Median Eminence /UL; Neurons /UL; Somatostatin; Spinal Cord /UL MNArcuate Nucleus /AN; Brain Chemistry; Colloids; Gold; Immunochemistry; Median Eminence /AN; Microscopy, Electron; Neurons /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56775-88-3 (Zimelidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001545 TIStimulation of spinal serotonergic receptors facilitates seminal emission and suppresses penile erectile reflexes. ABPenile erection and ejaculation are produced by spinal reflexes subject to tonic control from the brain. This study examines the possible involvement of serotonergic transmission in the supraspinal modulation of such reflexes. The effects of two drugs which facilitate serotonergic transmission by different mechanisms, namely the direct receptor agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N'-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), and the reuptake inhibitor, zimelidine, were compared in intact and spinal rats. Results show that serotonergic stimulation in intact rats by either drug produces a dose-related increase in the incidence of seminal emission as well as a definite decrease of the display of erectile responses. In the spinal animals 5-MeODMT treatment reproduced both effects. By contrast, zimelidine, which needs functional nerve endings to exert its agonistic action, was ineffective in the spinal rats. This is interpreted to exclude a peripheral mechanism for the effects of the serotonin agonists on penile reflexes of intact animals and makes a strong case for a spinal site of action. We postulate the existence of serotonergic receptors located in the lower segments of the spinal cord which, when stimulated, trigger seminal emission and suppress erection. AUMas M; Zahradnik MA; Martino V; Davidson JM EM8601 IDFO 5 TW03196; NIMH 21178 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p128-34 MJEjaculation; Penile Erection; Receptors, Serotonin; Reflex MNMethoxydimethyltryptamines /PD; Rats; Spinal Cord /DE /PH; Zimelidine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001546 TIRole of the paraventricular and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclear areas in the regulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system. ABThe role of the paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMN) hypothalamic nuclei in the activation and inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was studied in chronic experiments on rabbits. The functioning of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was estimated by changes in blood corticosteroid levels. PVN and VMN lesions resulted in a reduction of the stress-induced corticosteroid rise. VMN lesions resulted in smaller changes of the stress-induced response than PVN lesions while combined VMN and PVN lesions did not cause a larger reduction of the stress-induced activation than lesions of either area. The data obtained confirm that the PVN and VMN are connected in series. Hydrocortisone (100 micrograms/kg) administered intravenously 5 min before immobilization inhibits the stress-induced corticosteroid rise in intact rabbits. PVN and VMN lesions result in a reduction of the hydrocortisone inhibitory effect, PVN lesions having a greater effect than VMN ones. The PVN is of greater importance in both the activation and the inhibition of the pituitary-adrenocortical system than the VMN. AUFilaretov AA; Filaretova LP EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p135-40 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary-Adrenal System /PH; Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus MNAdrenal Cortex Hormones /PH; Hydrocortisone /PD; Pituitary-Adrenal System /DE; Rabbits; Stress /PP MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 50-48-6 (Amitriptyline); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001547 TIEffect of CO2 on a brain extracellular space marker and evidence of its neuronal modulation. ABIncreases in inspired CO2 consistently altered the local concentration of the brain extracellular space marker alpha-naphthalene sulfonate (alpha-NS) as measured with ion-selective micropipettes in the rat thalamus. Stereotaxic injection of lidocaine in the region of the locus coeruleus attenuated this effect of CO2, and amitriptyline, a tricyclic anti-depressant and amine reuptake inhibitor, potentiated the effect. These results suggest that metabolic demand, as mimicked here by the addition of CO2, alters the fluid environment of the brain and central noradrenergic mechanisms may modulate this response. AUKent TA; Nagy G; Oke AF; Preskorn SH; Adams RN EM8601 ID5R01 NS08740; MH-00272; NINCDS-17252 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p141-4 MJBrain /ME; Carbon Dioxide; Extracellular Space; Naphthalenesulfonates MNAmitriptyline /PD; Brain /DE; Lidocaine /PD; Locus Coeruleus /DE; Norepinephrine /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 50-36-2 (Cocaine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001548 TISodium-independent binding of [3H]cocaine in mouse striatum is serotonin related. ABThere was a highly significant correlation between IC50 values of various drugs in inhibiting the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding in the mouse striatum and their values in inhibiting the synaptosomal uptake of [3H]serotonin. In contrast, there was no correlation between the inhibition of binding in the absence of Na+ and the inhibition of [3H]dopamine uptake. Lesioning of serotonergic nerve terminals with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine reduced the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding, without affecting the Na+-dependent binding. These results indicate that the bulk of the Na+-independent [3H]cocaine binding in the mouse striatum is associated with serotonergic nerve terminals. AUReith ME; Meisler BE; Sershen H; Lajtha A EM8601 IDDA 03025 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p145-8 MJCocaine; Corpus Striatum /ME; Dopamine; Serotonin; Sodium MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Corpus Striatum /DE; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN17833-53-3 (N-methylaspartate); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 52809-07-1 (quisqualic acid); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 6740-88-1 (Ketamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001549 TIAn intracellular study of the interactions of N-methyl-DL-aspartate with ketamine in the mouse hippocampal slice. ABIntracellular recordings were made from dentate and CA1 pyramidal cells of the mouse hippocampal slice preparation. N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA), quisqualate and kainate and the anaesthetic agent, ketamine, were applied by microelectrophoresis. Excitation by NMDLA but not by the other amino acids, was associated with increased outward rectification. Ketamine had no effect on the resting potential or current/voltage relation of the cells, but selectively antagonised the responses to NMDLA. Action potentials evoked by NMDLA were characteristically broader than those evoked by the other amino acids or by the passage of depolarising current through the electrode. AUDuchen MR; Burton NR; Biscoe TJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p149-53 MJAspartic Acid; Hippocampus; Ketamine MNAction Potentials /DE; Aspartic Acid /PD; Drug Interactions; Kainic Acid /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Oxadiazoles /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro RN362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001550 TIDibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulates in vitro luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release only from median eminence derived from ovariectomized, estradiol-primed rats. ABThe present study examined the effect of intermittent infusion of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP; 10(-7) M; 10 min on, 20 min off) on in vitro luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) release from the rat median eminence (ME) derived from immature rats: intact females, intact males, ovariectomized (OVX) females, castrated (CAST) males, ovariectomized, estradiol primed (OVX + E2) females and castrated, estradiol primed (CAST + E2) males. In intact, OVX and CAST conditions, spontaneous LH-RH release from MEs was not modified by dbcAMP infusion. However, E2 implants in OVX and CAST rats selectively affected the responsiveness of MEs to dbcAMP: ME from OVX + E2 were highly responsive to dbcAMP; contrarily, MEs from CAST + E2 were unresponsive to this nucleotide. Therefore, these differences in MEs responsiveness to dbcAMP-induced LH-RH release appear to be dependent upon a critical effect of E2 priming on this tissue in female but not in male rats. AUKim K; Ramirez VD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p154-7 MJDibutyryl Cyclic AMP; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone; Median Eminence MNEstradiol /PD; Median Eminence /SE; Orchiectomy; Ovariectomy; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RNEC 4.6.1.2 (Guanyl Cyclase); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001551 TIEffects of gonadal steroids on guanylate cyclase activity in the developing and adult brain. AB17 beta-estradiol enhances guanylate cyclase activity when incubated in vitro with tissue slices from all areas of the neonatal rat forebrain. This action is not mimicked by other steroids. In vivo exposure of neonatal and adult rat brains to estradiol (either secreted directly or formed by metabolic conversion of testosterone) also increases guanylate cyclase activity in estrogen target areas of the brain. AUAmechi OA; Butterworth PJ; Thomas PJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p158-61 MJAmygdaloid Body /EN; Cerebral Cortex /EN; Guanyl Cyclase; Hypothalamus /EN MNAging; Aldosterone /PD; Amygdaloid Body /DE; Animals, Newborn; Cerebral Cortex /DE; Cycloheximide /PD; Estradiol /PD; Hypothalamus /DE; Rats; Stanolone /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001552 TIElectrophysiological analysis of potential arginine vasopressin projections to the ventral septal area of the rat. ABExtracellular electrophysiological studies of neurons in the ventral septal region of the rat have examined afferent input from the paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and suprachiasmatic nucleus. Short latency excitatory or inhibitory orthodromic potentials were obtained following electrical stimulation of each nucleus, thereby providing evidence for these areas as a possible source of arginine vasopressin (AVP) fibers to the ventral septal region. These projections may mediate the reported antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin in the ventral septal region. AUDisturnal JE; Veale WL; Pittman QJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p162-7 MJArgipressin; Neurons; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Septum Pellucidum; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus MNElectrophysiology; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001553 TITime-course of ultrastructural changes in regenerated optic fiber terminals of goldfish. ABThe ultrastructure of regenerated optic fiber terminals differs from normal terminals during the first 12 months following optic nerve crush. The area of the regenerated terminals occupied by axoplasm initially increases (1 month postcrush, mpc), then declines to a below normal level (8-12 mpc) and eventually returns to the normal level (16 mpc). The density of vesicles within the regenerated terminals remains initially the same (1 mpc), then increases (4-12 mpc) and finally returns to normal values by 16 mpc. The multiplicity of reestablished retino-tectal synapses gradually increased from an initially lower value at 1 mpc to the normal value by 4 mpc whereas the length of their synaptic contacts decreased from an initial elongation (1 mpc) to the normal length (4 mpc). AURadel JD; Yoon MG EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p168-71 MJNerve Regeneration; Optic Nerve; Superior Colliculus MNGoldfish; Nerve Crush; Optic Nerve /UL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7429-90-5 (Aluminum); 7784-13-6 (aluminum chloride hexahydrate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001554 TIAluminum intoxication: a disorder of neurofilament transport in motor neurons. ABIn the rabbit, intrathecal administration of aluminum salts (AlCl3) induces accumulation of neurofilaments in nerve cells of the central nervous system. In motor neurons, the spatial pattern of neurofilamentous accumulation following aluminum intoxication suggests a defect in the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins. To test this hypothesis, we examined the distribution of radioactive cytoskeletal proteins in sciatic nerves of intoxicated and control animals. In the nerves of aluminum-injected animals, there was a 40% reduction in the relative amount of radioactive neurofilament proteins compared to tubulin. These results suggest that an abnormality in neurofilament transport may be important in the pathogenesis of the neurofibrillary pathology induced by aluminum intoxication. AUTroncoso JC; Hoffman PN; Griffin JW; Hess-Kozlow KM; Price DL EM8601 IDNS 10580; NS 15721; NS 18687; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p172-5 MJAluminum; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Motor Neurons; Sciatic Nerve /ME; Tubulin MNBiological Transport /DE; Motor Neurons /ME; Rabbits; Sciatic Nerve /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001555 TIA calculation method for evaluating the time course of GABA removal from a synaptic cleft by presynaptic uptake systems. ABA calculation method for evaluating the time course of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) removal from a synaptic cleft by presynaptic uptake is suggested. The evaluation of the actual time required to remove GABA requires the knowledge of: (a) KM's and Vmax's (mol/min/mg protein) of the synaptosomal uptake systems in a certain brain area; (b) the synaptosomal volume per mg of protein in the synaptosomal preparation used; (c) the mean sphere diameter for synaptic boutons in the brain area considered and the proportion of GABAergic nerve terminals. AUCupello A; Hyden H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p176-8 MJBrain; GABA; Synaptosomes MNModels, Biological; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001556 TIDistribution and response characteristics of masseteric nerve-driven neurons in two separate cortical projection areas of cats. ABCortical projection areas and distribution and response characteristics of masseteric nerve-driven neurons (MDN) were studied by recording surface-evoked potentials and single neuronal activities elicited by stimulation of the contralateral masseteric nerve in cats. Neuronal activities of MDNs could be recorded in two separate cortical areas. One was located in laminae II-III of area 3b of the posterior part of the coronal gyrus (P), and the other in laminae IV-V of areas 3a and 6a beta of the anterior parts of the coronal and lateral sigmoid gyri (A). The majority of MDNs were driven by low-threshold muscle afferents (Group I and II). Peak latencies of MDNs in P were shorter than those in A. Intracortical microstimulation (less than 30 microA) in A produced oro-facial movements while stimulation in P did not produce any motor effects. AUIwata K; Itoga H; Ikukawa A; Hanashima N; Sumino R EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p179-82 MJEvoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Masseter Muscle; Masticatory Muscles; Neurons, Afferent; Somatosensory Cortex MNCats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.19 (Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase); 56-12-2 (GABA); 60643-86-9 (4-aminohex-5-enoic acid); 7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001557 TIIron concentration reduced in ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra by GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl GABA. ABRecent histochemical studies indicate that there is considerable overlap of brain areas accumulating iron in oligodendrocytes with those in which GABA neurons terminate. The ventral pallidum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and cerebellar nuclei are iron-rich areas, receive GABA-containing efferents, and have high concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). The present study examines the effect of disruption of the metabolism of GABA on the accumulation of iron in GABAergic projection sites. Gamma-vinyl GABA, an enzyme activated inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, was injected unilaterally into the globus pallidus and adjacent striatum or into the substantia nigra of the rat brain. Additional animals received unilateral injections of saline into the same areas or an electrocoagulation lesion of the globus pallidus and surrounding striatum. Two days after injection or lesion all animals were perfused and 40 micron sections of the brain were processed with the Perls' + diaminobenzidine (DAB) histochemical method for iron. The intensity of iron stain was measured with densitometry. Gamma-vinyl GABA injection into the striatum/pallidum resulted in a significant reduction in iron concentration in the ipsilateral ventral pallidum, globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Gamma-vinyl GABA injected into the substantia nigra reduced iron in the injection site. This study provides evidence that the presence of iron in the brain is related to the utilization of GABA. AUHill JM EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p18-25 MJAminobutyrate Aminotransferase; Aminocaproic Acids; Corpus Striatum; Globus Pallidus /ME; Iron; Substantia Nigra /ME MNGABA /ME; Globus Pallidus /DE; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substantia Nigra /DE; Superior Colliculus /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female RN87096-84-2 (neuromedin B) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001558 TIDistribution and chromatographic characterization of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity in the human spinal cord. ABThe quantitative regional distribution of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity in normal postmortem human spinal cord was studied by a specific radioimmunoassay. Neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity was found in highest concentration in the dorsal part of the sacral cord. Chromatographic analyses by gel permeation and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed two major peaks of neuromedin B-like immunoreactivity and the prevalent molecular form, approx. 90% of the total immunoreactivity, was chromatographically identical to synthetic porcine neuromedin B. AUNamba M; Ghatei MA; Anand P; Bloom SR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p183-6 MJNerve Tissue Proteins; Oligopeptides; Spinal Cord MNAged; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN25126-32-3 (Sincalide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001559 TICNS effects of circulating CCK8: involvement of brainstem neurones responding to gastric distension. ABCholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) given i.v. or i.p. produces a variety of behavioural and CNS effects; these actions are probably exerted at a peripheral site but the neuronal pathways involved are uncertain. We show here that i.v. CCK8 acts on neurones in the n. tractus solitarius with an input from the stomach; cells are either excited or depressed by CCK8 and gastric distension, and responses to the two stimuli are always in the same direction. The responses to close arterial injection of CCK8 indicate a site of action within the splanchnic bed, and most probably a direct action on the vagal afferents mediating gastric mechanoreceptor discharge. AURaybould HE; Gayton RJ; Dockray GJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p187-90 MJMechanoreceptors; Medulla Oblongata; Neurons, Afferent; Sincalide /PD; Stomach MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sincalide /AD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001560 TIAmygdala norepinephrine involved in two separate long-term memory retrieval processes. ABNoradrenergic manipulation of the rodent amygdala results in time-dependent disruption of long-term memory for a one-trial aversive experience. Findings using both state-dependent and consolidation experimental procedures suggest that the norepinephrine system of the amygdala underlies not only consolidation-like mechanisms. There appear to be specific noradrenergic substrates for two or more memory retrieval processes which may be physiologically similar to either acquisition or later memory development involving aversive information. AUEllis ME EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p191-5 MJAmygdaloid Body; Learning; Memory; Norepinephrine MNEscape Reaction; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 4.2.1.11 (Phosphopyruvate Hydratase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001561 TIThe separation and identification of enolase isozymes of brain and sciatic nerve by high-pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography. ABA rapid technique for separating and quantitating the three enolase isozymes present in rodent brain and sciatic nerve was developed using high-pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography. At pH 7.9, one cationic and two anionic enzyme forms were separated with baseline resolution in an imidazole buffer containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and magnesium. The recovery of enolase activity was 90% or greater for brain and 85% for sciatic nerve. Chromatography of liver and axon-free (degenerated) sciatic nerve allowed the identification of non-neuronal, hybrid, and neuron-specific enolase isozymes. These enzyme forms, respectively, constituted 40%, 29% and 19% of total activity in brain, and 63%, 13% and 4% of total activity in normal sciatic nerve. AUSoiefer AI; Miller MS; Sabri MI; Spencer PS EM8601 IDNINCDS 07183; NIOSH 00851; NS 19611 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p196-9 MJBrain; Isoenzymes /IP; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase /IP; Sciatic Nerve MNBrain Chemistry; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Isoenzymes /AN; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001562 TISingle acetylcholine channel currents in sympathetic neurons. ABSingle acetylcholine (ACh) channel currents were studied by the gigaohm patch-clamp technique in cultured sympathetic neurons of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Recordings were made at 22 degrees C on cell-attached and excised membrane patches. When ACh (0.5-1 microM) was present in the pipette, a single class of inward currents was observed with a chord conductance of 30 pS and a reversal potential of -2 mV. The mean channel open time was 11.6 ms at -65 mV and showed little or no voltage-dependence over the range -85 to -45 mV. These channels appear to mediate the fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic current. AUSchofield GG; Weight FF; Adler M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p200-3 MJAcetylcholine; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Neurons MNCells, Cultured; Membrane Potentials; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001563 TIContinuous release of diazepam: electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral consequences. ABNeuronal GABAergic sensitivity was assessed using electrophysiological, biochemical and behavioral techniques following the continuous release and maintenance of relatively constant brain levels of diazepam for greater than or equal to 21 days. Our studies indicate that long-term exposure to diazepam results in: (1) a decrease in iontophoretic sensitivity to GABA in the dorsal raphe nucleus, (2) an increase in the affinity of the GABA recognition site in brain tissue and (3) an increase in susceptibility to bicuculline-induced seizures in the intact animal. Since the decrease in GABAergic responsiveness was observed in the presence of measurable levels of diazepam, it was concluded that this subsensitivity phenomenon is associated with tolerance and not with withdrawal effects of the benzodiazepines. AUGallager DW; Malcolm AB; Anderson SA; Gonsalves SF EM8601 IDNS-19655 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p26-36 MJBrain; Diazepam MNBicuculline /PD; Convulsions /CI; Delayed-Action Preparations; Diazepam /ME /PD; GABA /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /DE; Serotonin /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001564 TIThe suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. ABThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is considered to be the endogenous clock of the brain, essential for the ovulation cycle and the temporal organization of sleep-wake patterns, among other things. Immunocytochemical staining with anti-vasopressin as a marker permitted a morphometric study of this nucleus in the human brain, which revealed that the shape of the SCN is sexually dimorphic. The shape of the SCN was elongated in women and more spherical in men. In both sexes a decrease in SCN volume and cell number was observed in senescence (80-100 years). The latter change was especially pronounced in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). This suggests the presence of a structural defect in the SCN which underlies the general disturbance of biological rhythms in senescence and SDAT. AUSwaab DF; Fliers E; Partiman TS EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p37-44 MJAlzheimer's Disease /PA; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus MNAdolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Alzheimer's Disease /ME; Argipressin /AN; Brain Chemistry; Child; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus /AN /PA MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001565 TIThe vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the human supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus; changes with aging and in senile dementia. ABThe neuropeptides vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) are supposed to be involved not only in peripheral functions (e.g. diuresis, labour and lactation) but also in central processes that are frequently disturbed during aging and senile dementia (e.g. fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and cognitive functions). A concomitant decrease in activity of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) with aging has been postulated in the literature, but has not yet been established. In order to investigate possible age-related changes in the human HNS, immunocytochemically identified AVP and OXT neurons in the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus (PVN and SON) were analysed morphometrically in subjects from 10 to 93 years of age, including patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Cell size was used as a parameter for peptide production. Mean profile area of OXT cells did not show any significant changes with increasing age. Mean profile area of AVP cells, however, showed an initial decrease up to the sixth decade of life, after which a gradual increase was observed. Size of AVP and OXT cell nuclei did not change significantly with aging. Observations in brains from patients with SDAT were within the range for their age group. The present results do not support degeneration or diminished function of the HNS in senescence or SDAT, as generally presumed in the literature, but suggest an activation of AVP cells after 80 years of age. The activation of AVP cells in senescence is in accordance with previous findings in the aged Wistar rat. AUFliers E; Swaab DF; Pool CW; Verwer RW EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p45-53 MJAlzheimer's Disease; Argipressin; Neurons; Oxytocin; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Supraoptic Nucleus MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer's Disease /PP; Child; Histocytochemistry; Immunochemistry; Middle Age; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /SE; Supraoptic Nucleus /SE MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN504-24-5 (4-aminopyridine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001566 TISpontaneous epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices induced by 4-aminopyridine. AB4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) induced 2 types of spontaneous field potentials (SFPs) in the hippocampal slice. Type I resembled spontaneous activity induced by other convulsants. They occurred at a rate of approximately 1 Hz, started in the CA2/CA3 region and spread at a velocity of 0.3 m/s to area CA1. Transsection experiments and laminar profiles indicated that they spread synaptically along the Schaffer collateral pathway. Synaptic blockade by low Ca2+/high Mg2+ or kynurenic acid reversibly abolished type I SFPs. Increasing [Ca2+]o lowered the rate and slightly increased the amplitude. Possibly, increased spontaneous transmitter release, and not disinhibition, is responsible for the generation of type I SFPs. Type II occurred at a rate of about 0.15 Hz and travelled in the same direction, but a factor 10 slower. They could not be blocked by separation of the CA1 and CA3 region; coupling remained until stratum moleculare was severed. Type II could not be suppressed by blockade of synaptic transmission. The laminar profile is similar in shape to that of type I but not identical. Increasing [Ca2+]o had the same but stronger effect as on type I. Type II SFPs depressed evoked population spikes up to a second and delayed the next type I SFP. The mechanisms involved remain largely speculative; further analysis is needed to help understand the epileptogenic action of 4-AP. AUVoskuyl RA; Albus H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p54-66 MJAminopyridines; Convulsions; Hippocampus MNConvulsions /PP; Hippocampus /PH; Membrane Potentials /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001567 TIModification of neuronal discharge along the ascending tectofugal pathway during visual conditioning. ABVisually conditioned heart-rate change in the pigeon has been developed as vertebrate model system for analysis of associative learning. The visual pathways transmitting the conditioned stimulus information were identified, and neurophysiological analyses during conditioning were then undertaken to determine if these pathways behave merely as input lines or undergo training-induced modification. After finding that the retinal output is invariant with training, we investigated the central visual pathways, beginning with the tectofugal pathway. During conditioning single neurons in the nucleus rotundus and ectostriatum, the thalamic and telencephalic relays of the tectofugal pathway, showed enhancement of their phasic light-evoked responses. In contrast, the initial phasic responses attenuated during non-associative training. The rate at which these discharge modifications developed paralleled the development of the behavioral response. Thus, the tectofugal pathway shows plasticity during conditioning and does not behave merely as an input channel for the conditioned stimulus. AUWall JT; Gibbs CM; Broyles JL; Cohen DH EM8601 IDP01 NS14620; T32 HL07284; MH086001 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p67-76 MJConditioning, Classical; Neurons; Superior Colliculus; Visual Pathways MNAction Potentials; Heart Rate; Models, Neurological; Pigeons MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001568 TIElectrophysiological evidence for a role of the anterolateral quadrant of the spinal cord in the transmission of noxious messages to the thalamic ventrobasal complex in the rat. ABResponses to noxious mechanical and thermal stimulation applied to the hindpaws were recorded extracellularly from the same neurons of the ventrobasal complex of the rat thalamus (VB) before and after lesions of various areas of the cervical cord in order to determine the pathways carrying the afferent messages. It was demonstrated that lesions of the dorsal and dorsolateral portions of the cord failed to eliminate the VB neuronal responses to noxious stimulation. By contrast, lesion of one anterolateral quadrant eliminated the responses to a noxious stimulation applied to the hindpaw contralateral to the lesion. This occurred whether the lesion was ipsilateral or contralateral to the recording site. From the present study and the data in the literature, it is concluded that the fibers of the spino-thalamic tract which are completely crossed in the spinal cord, travel in the anterolateral quadrant and project directly onto the VB, are involved in the transmission of noxious messages from the cord to the VB neurons. This conclusion indicates that the VB neuronal responses to noxious stimulation of the hindpaw ipsilateral to the recording site depend on the spinothalamic projection to the opposite ventrobasal complex. This therefore suggests that some noxious messages which reach a particular VB neuron are conveyed via the opposite VB and the existence of a thalamo-cortico-thalamic loop is discussed. AUPeschanski M; Briand A; Gautron M; Guilbaud G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p77-84 MJNeural Transmission; Neurons, Afferent; Pain; Spinal Cord; Thalamus MNNeural Pathways /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001569 TICorrelation of [3H]diazepam binding density with anxiolytic locus in the amygdaloid complex of the rat. ABUsing [3H]diazepam binding, high concentrations of receptors were found in the frontal cortex and lateral amygdala. Infusions of chlordiazepoxide into the lateral amygdala induced a release of responding measured during the component of a conditioned emotional response task previously associated with an aversive stimulus. The lateral amygdala appears to be an important component of the forebrain circuitry involved in the expression of anxiety and sensitive to benzodiazepine drugs. AUThomas SR; Lewis ME; Iversen SD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p85-90 MJAmygdaloid Body /ME; Anxiety; Chlordiazepoxide /PD; Diazepam; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAmygdaloid Body /DE; Chlordiazepoxide /AD; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001570 TICoping and seizure susceptibility: control over shock protects against bicuculline-induced seizures. ABRats were either given 80 escapable shocks, yoked inescapable shocks, restraint or given no treatment. Two hours later all subjects received i.p. injection of bicuculline (4, 6 or 8 mg/kg) and were immediately tested for latency to initial myoclonic jerk and clonus. The latency to clonic convulsion was dramatically affected by prior shock treatment, and the direction of this change depended upon the escapability/inescapability of the shock. Subjects that were given escapable shock showed a delay of onset to seizure, while subjects inescapably shocked demonstrated a decreased latency to clonus in comparison to restrained and naive controls. It was also demonstrated that if the subjects were tested immediately following a stress experience, both the 80 escapable and inescapable shock condition protected against bicuculline-induced seizures in comparison to the control condition. Finally Experiment 2 confirmed a previous finding that less stress, i.e., 20 inescapable shocks, protects against seizures when the animals are challenged with bicuculline either immediately or 2 h later. Our suggestion is that control over stress may facilitate GABAergic transmission, and this may be the mechanism whereby coping protects against the behavioral and physiological disruption produced by exposure to a stressor. AUDrugan RC; McIntyre TD; Alpern HP; Maier SF EM8601 IDMH 00314 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p9-17 MJAdaptation, Psychological; Bicuculline /PD; Convulsions; Electroshock; Myoclonus MNBicuculline /AD; Escape Reaction /PH; GABA /PH; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001571 TISelectivity between faces in the responses of a population of neurons in the cortex in the superior temporal sulcus of the monkey. ABThere is a population of neurons in the cortex in the middle and anterior part of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) of the monkey with responses which are selective for faces. If, consistent with the effects of damage to the temporal lobe, these neurons are involved in face recognition or in making appropriate social responses to different individuals, then it might be expected that at least some of these neurons might respond differently to different faces. To investigate whether at least some of these neurons do respond differently to different faces, their responses were measured to a standard set of faces, presented in random sequence using a video framestore. It was found that a considerable proportion of the neurons with face-selective responses tested (34/44 or 77%) responded differently to different faces, as shown by analyses of variance. An index of the discriminability of the most and least effective face stimulus (d') ranged between 0.2 and 5.0 for the different neurons. Although these neurons often responded differently to different faces, they did not usually respond to only one of the faces in the set, so that information that a particular face had been shown was present across an ensemble of neurons, rather than in the responses of an individual neuron. These findings indicate that the responses of these neurons would be useful in providing information on which different behavioral responses made to different faces could be based. These neurons could thus be filters, the output of which could be used for recognition of different individuals and in emotional responses made to different individuals. AUBaylis GC; Rolls ET; Leonard CM EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 2 1985, 342(1) p91-102 MJDiscrimination (Psychology); Face; Temporal Lobe; Visual Perception MNMacaca mulatta; Neurons /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN59-01-8 (Kanamycin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001572 TIVentral cochlear nucleus neural discharge characteristics in the absence of outer hair cells. ABThe role of the cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) in auditory processing remains poorly understood. The OHCs possess an independent afferent innervation which constitutes 5-10% of cochlear afferent neurons and which appears to project to the cochlear nucleus (CN). Whether the OHCs contribute to the processing of auditory signals in the CN has not been determined. To address this question, kanamycin ototoxicity was used to produce selective OHC loss while leaving the inner hair cell (IHC) population largely intact, in the basal portion of the cochlea of chinchillas. Single unit responses were then recorded in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), and compared to responses in untreated subjects. Many of the changes observed in VCN neural responses reflected changes which have previously been reported in the VIIIth nerve. However, frequency tuning curve tip segments which were normal in both bandwidth and length were observed in approximately 22% of the units associated with regions of complete OHC loss and preservation of IHCs. This has not been reported in previous OHC lesion studies. Also, first spike latency was found to be significantly lengthened for units associated with the OHC free regions. Those features of VCN neural responses which first arise within the CN, such as non-primary-like post-stimulus-time histogram response patterns, were unaffected by OHC loss. These results suggest that afferent fibers associated with OHCs do not play a major role in signal processing in the VCN. AUWoolf NK; Ryan AF EM8601 IDNS00176 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p205-18 MJCochlear Nerve; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Hair Cells; Kanamycin MNChinchilla MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001573 TISome factors that influence the decrement in the response to GABA during its continuous iontophoretic application to hippocampal neurons. ABThe response decrement that occurs during continuous iontophoretic application of GABA to hippocampal neurons was characterized by intracellular methods in the rat hippocampal slice. Using several paradigms that compared the responses to GABA with those to poorly transported analogues, we then identified a large component of this decrement that appeared to be independent of GABA uptake and metabolism, and that is probably independent of intracellular chloride accumulation as well. This decrement, which both developed and recovered with half times that average between 3 and 5s, is too brief to directly account for long-term plasticity of the GABA synapse. However, its time course is appropriate to participation in the development of cellular responses to brief flurries of GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials that may occur normally, or that may occur abnormally during a seizure or artificial tetany. AUThalmann RH; Hershkowitz N EM8601 IDNS 21713 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p219-33 MJGABA /PD; Hippocampus; Neurons MNGABA /AD /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Iontophoresis; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001574 TIThe development of the Bergmann fiber palisades in the cerebellum of the normal rat and in the weaver mouse. ABThe development of the Bergmann fiber palisades in the rat cerebellum was investigated by PAP immunocytochemistry using an anti-GFAP antibody. The Bergmann fibers are organized in parallel palisades as early as the second postnatal day and probably even earlier. This observation suggests that the organization and orientation of the palisades precedes the orientation of the parallel fibers in the same direction. Some Bergmann fiber palisades were also found in the adult homozygous weaver mouse, although it was more difficult to find palisades in these mutants than in the heterozygous or normal animals. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that during the early stages of cerebellar development the Bergmann fiber palisades organize the orientation of the parallel fibers in the longitudinal plane of the folium. AUde Blas AL; Cherwinski HM EM8601 IDNS 17708 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p234-41 MJCerebellum; Neuroglia MNAnimals, Newborn; Antibodies, Monoclonal /DU; Cerebellum /GD; Histocytochemistry; Mice; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001575 TIMetabolic labeling associated with index finger stimulation in monkey SI: between animal variability. ABFour monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were stimulated with an identical intermittent vertical displacement (flutter) stimulus on the tip of the index finger and received intravenous [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). The majority of metabolic labeling was found to exist in areas 3b and 1 of the anterior parietal cortex (SI) in the form of intermittent patches, which extended vertically across the cortical laminae. When the patches were traced through adjacent sections and reconstructed to produce a 2-dimensional map, it became evident that the patches of label combined to form a complex spatial pattern consisting of strips. Although the flutter stimulus was applied to a spatially restricted peripheral field, the metabolic pattern was always complex and widely distributed within SI. Nevertheless, the 2-DG patterns produced in the different animals stimulated with the same stimulus were strikingly similar. The relationships between descriptions of the SI index finger representation based on neurophysiological mapping data and the distribution of 2-DG uptake are described. The reproducibility of the 2-DG labeling pattern and relationship to neurophysiological maps suggests that the 2-DG mapping method provides a potent and useful tool for the investigation of stimulus representation in the somatosensory cortex. AUJuliano SL; Whitsel BL EM8601 IDNS-10865; NS-07128 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p242-51 MJDeoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Fingers; Somatosensory Cortex MNAutoradiography; Electric Stimulation; Macaca fascicularis MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN124-94-7 (Triamcinolone); 50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 52-01-7 (Spironolactone); 52-39-1 (Aldosterone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone); 64-85-7 (Desoxycorticosterone); 74915-58-5 (RU 26988) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001576 TIRat C6 glioma cells contain type I as well as type II corticosteroid receptors. ABRat brain cytosol contains Type I corticosteroid receptors. Unlike Type II (glucocorticoid) receptors, Type I receptors have high affinity for the endogenous corticosteroids - aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone - and much lower affinities for synthetic glucocorticoids. In the present study, we report that Type I corticosteroid receptors are present in C6 glioma cells. Type I receptors were identified in C6 cell cytosol and whole cells by the binding of [3H]aldosterone. The specific glucocorticoid RU 26988 was used to block Type II receptors. Measured in whole C6 cells, Type I receptors had a density of 2.1 +/- 1.1 fmol/10(6) cells and a dissociation constant (Kd) for [3H]aldosterone of 0.41 +/- 0.06 nM. The density of Type I receptors was only 2% of the density of Type II corticosteroid receptors (96 +/- 7 fmol/10(6) cells), measured in whole C6 cells by [3H]triamcinolone binding. The steroid specificity of glial cytosolic Type I receptors (deoxycorticosterone greater than corticosterone greater than aldosterone greater than dexamethasone greater than triamcinolone much greater than RU 26988) was identical to the steroid specificity of Type I receptors in rat brain cytosol. The potency of deoxycorticosterone was somewhat reduced when measured in whole cells. The steroid specificity of the Type I receptor differed markedly from that of the Type II (glucocorticoid) receptor (triamcinolone greater than dexamethasone greater than RU 26988 corticosterone greater than deoxycorticosterone greater than aldosterone). Since Type I receptors in the kidney mediate effects of aldosterone upon renal transport of sodium and potassium, it is proposed that glial Type I corticosteroid receptors may be involved in the regulation of glial ion transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBeaumont K EM8601 IDHL25457 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p252-8 MJAdrenal Cortex Hormones; Glioma; Receptors, Glucocorticoid MNAldosterone /ME; Androstanols /ME; Cell Line; Corticosterone /ME; Desoxycorticosterone /ME; Dexamethasone /ME; Progesterone /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spironolactone /ME; Triamcinolone /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 85213-84-9 (neurotensin-related hexapeptide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001577 TIThe comparative distribution of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity in chicken and rat tissues. ABThe presence of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity was studied by radioimmunoassay in chicken and rat tissues. In the chicken, [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity showed a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, and the immunoreactive material co-eluted with the synthetic peptide on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In the rat, [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity was widely distributed when 0.1 M HCl was used as the extraction procedure. However, the immunoreactive material did not co-elute with the synthetic peptide on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography; moreover, the addition of the aspartic proteinase inhibitor pepstatin to the extraction medium resulted in a large reduction in the levels of [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity and no immunoreactive material could be detected when the tissues were extracted using acetone/HCl. The present results therefore indicate that [Lys8-Asn9]-neurotensin8-13-like immunoreactivity is not present in rat tissues. That which was detected resulted from an extraction artefact. AUGoedert M; Schwartz WN; Williams BJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p259-65 MJBrain; Intestine, Small /ME; Neurotensin /ME; Oligopeptides /ME; Stomach /ME MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry; Chickens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Intestine, Small /AN; Neurotensin /AN; Oligopeptides /AN; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Retina /AN /ME; Stomach /AN; Tissue Distribution MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001578 TIStructure-activity studies with carboxy- and amino-terminal fragments of neurotensin on hypothalamic neurons in vitro. ABThe purpose of this study was to determine the structural requirements for the activity of neurotensin (NT1-13) on preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (POAH) neurons in vitro. Standard explant culture electrophysiological techniques were employed. NT was administered to POAH cultures through the superfusion fluid, or, to the vicinity of individual neurons by pressure ejection (0.5-10 psi) from micropipettes. Computer-generated, peri-event histograms were used to quantitate neuronal responses. Pressure ejection of NT1-13 (50 pM to 1 microM) consistently produced an excitatory effect on 30 of 42 neurons. The remaining cells were either inhibited or unaffected. Application of the C-terminal hexapeptide, NT8-13, but not the N-terminal octapeptide, NT1-8 (less than or equal to 1 mM), produced an excitatory response in 21 of 30 neurons, but was less potent than NT1-13. Application of an N-acetylated NT8-13 fragment (NTAC8-13) produced a response that was similar to that produced by NT8-13. The excitatory effects of NT1-13 and NT8-13 were maintained in medium which effectively blocked synaptic transmission (0 mM Ca2+/12 mM Mg2+ 1 mM EGTA). These data indicate that the C-terminal hexapeptide, but not the N-terminal octapeptide, produces a dose-related, excitatory effect on single neurons in the POAH in vitro. The persistence of these effects in Ca2+-free medium supports a postsynaptic site of action for these peptides. AUBaldino F Jr; Davis LG; Wolfson B EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p266-72 MJHypothalamus, Anterior; Neurons; Neurotensin; Peptide Fragments MNAction Potentials /DE; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals, Newborn; Hypothalamus, Anterior /PH; Neurons /PH; Preoptic Area /DE /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tissue Culture MTAnimal RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001579 TIExtracellular pH changes in the superfused cat carotid body during hypoxia and hypercapnia. ABExtracellular pH changes were measured in the superfused cat carotid body with double barreled pH glass microelectrodes, under constant pH (7.45 +/- 0.02), temperature (35 degrees C) and flow (3.6 ml/min) of the superfusion medium. Changes of pO2 in the medium from about 188 Torr (30% O2) to 35 or 12 Torr (5% and 2% respectively) called hypoxia, induced a change of the pH signal of about 0.1 units indicating acidification of the tissue. Medium pH monitored with a pH macroelectrode did not change during hypoxic stimulation. An increase of pCO2 in the medium from about 20 Torr (3% CO2, pH 7.45 +/- 0.02) to 70 Torr (12% CO2, pH 6.98 +/- 0.01) called hypercapnia, under constant pO2 (188 +/- 2 Torr), temperature (35 degrees C) and flow (3.6 ml/min) resulted in acidification of the tissue of about 0.3 pH units. Extracellular pH changes during hypoxia did not occur when the superfusion medium had no glucose; however, pH changes during hypercapnia persisted under these conditions. The hypoxic and hypercapnic chemosensory response of the sinus nerve were decreased or abolished during glucose deprivation in a time-dependent manner. Replacement of glucose with 2-deoxyglucose in the medium led to a similar pattern, i.e. inhibition of the hypoxic and hypercapnic chemosensory nerve response and of the extracellular hypoxic pH changes. These results indicate that glycolysis takes place and contributes to O2 and CO2-chemoreception in the carotid body. AUDelpiano MA; Acker H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p273-80 MJAnoxia; Carotid Body /ME; Hypercapnia MNCarotid Body /DE /PH; Cats; Deoxyglucose /PD; Extracellular Space /ME; Glucose /PD; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pyruvates /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001580 TIHydrogen ion buffering during complete brain ischemia. ABAs a first step to quantify [H+] changes in brain during ischemia we used H+-selective microelectrodes and enzyme fluorometric techniques to describe the relationship between interstitial [H+] ([H+]o) and peak tissue lactate after cardiac arrest. We found a step function relationship between [H+]o and tissue lactate rather than the linear titration expected in a homogeneous protein solution. Within a blood glucose range from 3-7 mM, brain lactate rose from 8-13 mmol/kg along with a rise in [H+]o of 99 +/- 6 nM(0.44 +/- 0.02 pH). At higher blood glucose levels (17-80 mM), brain lactate accumulated to levels of 16-31 mmol/kg; concurrently [H+]o rose by 608 +/- 16 nM (1.07 +/- 0.02 pH). The unchanging level of [H+]o between 8-13 and 16-31 mmol/kg lactate implies that [H+]o is at a steady-state, but not equilibrium with respect to [H+] in other brain compartments. We propose that ion-transport characteristics of astroglia account for the observed relationship of [H+]o to tissue lactate during complete ischemia and suggest that brain infarction develops after plasma membranes in brain cells can no longer transport ions to regulate [H+]. AUKraig RP; Pulsinelli WA; Plum F EM8601 IDNS-19108; NS-003346; NS-00767 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p281-90 MJBlood Glucose /PH; Brain; Cerebral Ischemia; Hyperglycemia /PP; Lactates MNBlood Glucose /ME; Cerebral Ischemia /PP; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hyperglycemia /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-37-3 (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide); 6581-06-2 (Quinuclidinyl Benzilate); 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001581 TIDistribution of histaminergic, muscarinic and serotonergic binding sites in cat spinal cord with emphasis on the region surrounding the central canal. AB[3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and [3H]pyrilamine were used with radiohistochemistry to determine the distribution of muscarinic, serotonergic and histaminergic binding sites, respectively, in cat spinal cord. Each ligand displayed a unique pattern of binding sites in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn [3H]Pyrilamine binding sites were localized most superficially, while [3H]LSD binding sites were densest in the region of the laminae II/III border. The distribution of [3H]QNB binding sites partially overlapped those of LSD and pyrilamine. In the region surrounding the central canal, pyrilamine binding sites were concentrated within a zone 100 microns lateral to the canal while [3H]QNB and [3H]LSD binding sites were localized outside of this zone. The distribution of binding sites in the region surrounding the central canal may provide an important neurochemical correlate for lamina X in the cat as defined by Rexed. AUSeybold VS EM8601 IDNS17702; NS 19312 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p291-6 MJReceptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Serotonin; Spinal Cord MNBinding Sites; Cats; Histocytochemistry; Ligands; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide /ME; Pyrilamine /ME; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate /ME; Radiochemistry MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 50-99-7 (Glucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001582 TILocal cerebral glucose utilization in the free moving mouse: a comparison during two stages of the activity-rest cycle. ABThe 2-deoxy-D[1-14C]glucose ([14C]DG) technique has been applied to the free moving mouse for the quantitative determination of local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU). Reproducible values for LCGU were obtained indicating that the [14C]DG method had a sufficient resolution power to allow visualization and quantification of very small structures provided that glucose and [14C]DG plasma concentrations were measured on microsamples, autoradiographs prepared from proper tissue sections and suitable techniques used for analysis of the maps thus obtained. LCGU was measured in free moving mice during two stages of the light-dark cycle, one corresponding to a period of rest and the other to a period of high motor activity. In the two groups of animals LCGU was heterogeneous in the grey matter, the highest values being found in the auditory regions, the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei. LCGU was found to be lower in drowsy animals during the day than in active animals during the night and the difference was significant in the 8 following structures: the sensorimotor cortex, the septal nuclei, the nucleus of the olfactory tract, the basal amygdaloid nucleus, the ventral nucleus of the thalamus, the lateral geniculate body, the medial geniculate body and the auditory cortex. On the contrary, the suprachiasmatic nucleus was very active during the day and relatively inactive during the night as previously reported in the rat. AUJay TM; Jouvet M; des Rosiers MH EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p297-306 MJBrain; Glucose; Motor Activity MNAutoradiography; Circadian Rhythm; Deoxyglucose /ME; Exertion; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Rest MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001583 TIAn in vivo model to quantify motor and sensory peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guide tubes. ABAn in vivo preparation is presented to study the rate and time course of motor and sensory axonal regeneration. The cut ends of a transected sciatic nerve were inserted into each end of a 5-6 mm non-toxic and bioresorbable nerve guide tube to create a 4 mm nerve gap in adult mice. Subsequently, cell bodies in the ventral spinal cord and L3-L5 dorsal root ganglia that had regenerated axons across the gap were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The HRP was applied 3 mm distal to the nerve guide and was accessible only to axons that had regenerated through the nerve guide. Labeled cells were counted in 40 micron serial sections at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after initial nerve transection. The results indicate a significant increase in the number of labeled motor and sensory cell bodies over time. By 6 weeks after transection, approximately two thirds as many ventral horn motor cells and one third as many dorsal root ganglion sensory cells were labeled as in control non-transected animals. These data serve as a baseline to compare differential effects of additives to the nerve guide lumen in terms of sensory and motor neuron response. AUda Silva CF; Madison R; Dikkes P; Chiu TH; Sidman RL EM8601 IDNS14768; EY04730 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p307-15 MJBiocompatible Materials; Motor Neurons; Nerve Regeneration; Neurons, Afferent; Sciatic Nerve MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001584 TIBrattleboro rats display increased sensitivity to arginine vasopressin-induced motor disturbances. ABMotor disturbances observed in Brattleboro rats (homozygous for the diabetes insipidus (DI) trait) following a first intracerebroventricular injection of 1.0 microgram of arginine vasopressin (AVP) were not significantly different from those of the parent Long-Evans (LE) strain. These disturbances consisted of periods of staring and immobility, locomotor difficulties and discrete myoclonic jerks, often followed by scratching behavior. Following a second central injection of 10.0 ng AVP, however, the DI strain exhibited more pronounced motor disturbances than the LE strain. This increased sensitivity of the DI strain to the behavioral actions of AVP does not appear to be due to a generalized decrease of seizure threshold, since no significant differences were observed between the two strains in their susceptibility to convulse following pentylenetetrazol. As the behavioral and motor effects of AVP appear to be receptor-mediated, these findings suggest that homozygous DI rats possess central AVP receptors, which, in the absence of endogenous vasopressin, may have increased sensitivity to a second central injection of AVP. AUBurnard DM; Pittman QJ; Veale WL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p316-22 MJArgipressin /TO; Motor Activity; Movement Disorders MNArgipressin /AD /PD; Electroencephalography; Injections, Intraventricular; Pentylenetetrazole /TO; Rats, Brattleboro; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-48-4 (Cobalt); 7646-79-9 (cobaltous chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001585 TISeizures induced by intraventricular microinjection of ionized cobalt in the rat--a new experimental model of epilepsy. ABA new animal model for epilepsy was successfully produced by microinjection of cobaltous chloride into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat. The median convulsive dose (CD50) and the median lethal dose (LD50) of CoCl2 was 0.45 microM/10 microliters (0.27-0.77 microM/10 microliters) and 1.07 microM/10 microliters (0.73-1.57 microM/10 microliters), respectively. The behavioral changes, electrocorticogram (ECoG), and the action of 5 classical anticonvulsants were studied using this new model. Seizures induced by cobaltous chloride are clinically similar to those produced by systemic administration of kainic acid and amygdala kindling. These are characterized by staring spells, wet dog shakes, mild convulsive movements, and stereotyped convulsions. ECoG findings demonstrated a unique epileptic burst during the wet dog shakes. Generalized epileptiform discharges were seen during typical seizures. The burst of spikes first occurred in the opposite temporal and frontal regions; and then became generalized. Among the 5 anticonvulsants studied, phenobarbital (30 mg/kg) and nitrazepam (3 mg/kg) completely antagonized the seizures; carbamazepine showed a moderate effect; and phenytoin as well as sodium valproate showed little effect. It is postulated that the seizures induced by cobaltous chloride may originate in the limbic system; and that cobalt ions are responsible for the seizure-inducing action. The mechanism remains to be investigated. AUZhao DY; Feng GJ; Wu XR; Zuo QH EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p323-9 MJCobalt /TO; Convulsions; Disease Models, Animal MNAnticonvulsants /TU; Cobalt /AD; Convulsions /DT; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Injections, Intraventricular; Microinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RN7664-41-7 (Ammonia) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001586 TIOpposite effects of ammonia and carbon dioxide on dye coupling between horizontal cells in the carp retina. ABEffects of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the membrane potential of horizontal cells and on dye coupling between the cells in isolated retinas of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated. Ammonia (less than 300 ppm NH3 in air) initially depolarized and subsequently hyperpolarized, while CO2 (10% in air) hyperpolarized the membrane potential of horizontal cells, accompanied by a diminution of both center and surround responses to spot and annular light stimuli. During the course of amplitude diminution, the center response consistently became smaller with NH3 and larger with CO2 than the surround response. In the presence of intravitreally applied DA (50 microM) or amphetamine (100 microM), a fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) was found to be restricted to single injected horizontal cells. The presence of intravitreal haloperidol (100 microM) for 20-25 min or an exposure of the retina to NH3 for 5-10 min diffused the restricted LY from single injected cells to numerous neighboring cells. On the other hand, CO2 was found to restrict the injected dye to single cells, an effect similar to that of DA and opposite to that of NH3 and haloperidol. The results suggest that NH3 appears to act as a coupler while CO2 acts as an uncoupler on gap junctions between horizontal cells in the carp retina, presumably by changing the intracellular pH. In addition, a brief exposure of cells, marked with LY in the presence of DA, to the exciting light 426 nm was found to prevent the NH3-induced dye diffusion from single cells to their neighbors; the reason is unknown. AUNegishi K; Teranishi T; Kato S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p330-9 MJAmmonia; Carbon Dioxide; Retina MNCarp; Membrane Potentials /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001587 TIOrganization of diencephalic dopamine neurones projecting to the spinal cord in the rat. ABUsing the aluminium-formaldehyde method for visualization of catecholamines in combination with injections of the fluorescent retrograde tracer True Blue we have studied those diencephalic dopamine (DA)-containing cell groups which have been proposed to give rise to the DA innervation of the spinal cord and investigated the organization of the diencephalospinal DA system in detail. The A13 cell group was found to contain 370, and the A11 cell group 140, DA-producing cells on each side, whereas only very few such cells were found in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Tracer injections into the spinal cord labelled only DA cells within the A11 group. The overall majority of labelled cells were found ipsilaterally but some cells were also found contralaterally indicating the existence of a minor crossed dopaminergic projection to the spinal cord. Large tracer injections which covered the hemicord at different levels generally resulted in very similar distributions and numbers of retrogradely-labelled DA cells. The labelled DA-containing cells constituted 30-50% of the total number of labelled neurones in the ipsilateral A11 area and about 20-40% of the total number of DA containing cells in this area were labelled. Small injections that did not extend into the nucleus reticularis or the adjacent part of the lateral funiculus failed to label any diencephalic DA cells but usually labelled some non-DA cells in the A11 area. It is concluded that the diencephalospinal DA neurones have long axons that extend over several segments and possibly traverse the entire length of the spinal cord, giving off collateral branches at various levels. From the anatomical data of the present study and previous pharmacological and electrophysiological findings it seems possible that diencephalospinal DA neurones could modulate both sympathetic activity and nociception. AUSkagerberg G; Lindvall O EM8601 IDNS 06701 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p340-51 MJDopamine; Hypothalamus /PH; Neurons /PH; Spinal Cord /PH MNFluorescent Dyes; Hypothalamus /AH; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Neurons /CY; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /AH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001588 TIReinstatement of binocular depth perception by amphetamine and visual experience after visual cortex ablation. ABIn adult cats with bilateral visual cortex ablation the complete deficit in binocular depth perception, as measured on a visual cliff, was reversed by 4 doses of amphetamine. The amphetamine-induced recovery endured after the amphetamine treatment was discontinued. This enduring recovery of function was not obtained if the animals were housed in the dark during drug intoxication. Therefore, both amphetamine intoxication and visual experience are simultaneously required for recovery of binocular depth perception after visual cortex ablation. AUFeeney DM; Hovda DA EM8601 ID3 S06 RR08139 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p352-6 MJDepth Perception; Dextroamphetamine /PD; Visual Cortex MNCats; Dextroamphetamine /AD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001589 TILong-term depression of parallel fibre synapses following stimulation of climbing fibres. ABThe results from several investigations suggest that climbing fibres heterosynaptically depress parallel fibre responses in Purkinje cells. In the present investigation the mechanism behind the depression has been studied by extracellular recording of responses in single Purkinje cells, evoked by electrical stimulation of parallel fibres and climbing fibres. The results show that a short time of conjunctive stimulation of climbing fibres and parallel fibres results in a long-lasting depression of the parallel fibre responses and that this depression can be prevented if the Purkinje cells are inhibited during the conjunctive stimulation. Since inhibition has been shown to shorten or abolish the long-lasting plateau potentials which are evoked by climbing fibre impulses this finding supports the assumption that the climbing fibre evoked plateau potentials mediate the heterosynaptic depression of parallel fibre responses. AUEkerot CF; Kano M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p357-60 MJPurkinje Cells; Synapses MNElectric Stimulation; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001590 TIElectrophysiological evidence that circulating angiotensin II sensitive neurons in the subfornical organ alter the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular neurohypophyseal neurons in the rat. ABThirteen neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) were antidromically activated by electrical stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the rat. The activity of these identified SFO neurons was excited by intravenous injection of angiotensin II (AII). Electrical stimulation of the SFO produced orthodromic excitation (40%) and inhibition (40%) of the activity of putative vasopressin (VP)-secreting PVN neurons. These results suggest that circulating AII sensitive SFO neurons with efferent projections to the PVN have both excitatory and inhibitory influences on the activity of putative VP-secreting neurons in the PVN. AUTanaka J; Kaba H; Saito H; Seto K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p361-5 MJAngiotensin II; Neurons; Neurosecretory Systems; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Subfornical Organ MNElectric Stimulation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vasopressins /SE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN107-35-7 (Taurine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001591 TIEffects on the caudate spindle in rats of taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) microinjected into the substantia nigra: involvement of the dopaminergic system. ABSpindle bursts (caudate spindle) were recorded from the frontal cortex in rats. The bilateral intranigral microinjection of taurine suppressed the caudate spindle, whereas the same dose of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) did not suppress the caudate spindle. These results indicate that suppression of the caudate spindle induced by taurine may relate to activation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. AUOkuyama S; Hashimoto S; Aihara H EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p366-8 MJCaudate Nucleus; Dopamine; GABA; Substantia Nigra; Taurine MNMicroinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001592 TIL-ascorbic acid-induced DNA strand breaks and cross links in human neuroblastoma cells. ABThe effect of high concentrations of L-ascorbic acid on the in vivo and in vitro growth of human neuroblastoma has been investigated. Directly implemented into cell culture it decreased the DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and mitosis of neuroblastoma cells, without affecting normal neuronal cells. In vivo treatment of young nude mice bearing human neuroblastoma with 500 mg/kg L-ascorbic acid for the first 10 days markedly inhibited the growth of tumor mass. As determined by alkaline elution, both DNA strand breaks and DNA cross links were observed in tumor cells treated with 1 X 10(-4) M L-ascorbic acid for 2 h. DNA-DNA and DNA-protein cross links in cells treated with L-ascorbic acid were revealed by the proteinase potassium assay. The results indicated that L-ascorbic acid can be a very effective and selective agent against human neuroblastoma. AUPavelic K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p369-73 MJAscorbic Acid; DNA, Neoplasm; DNA, Single-Stranded; Neuroblastoma MNCells, Cultured MTHuman IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001593 TIPresence of unmyelinated axons in the spinal root of the feline accessory nerve. ABThe spinal root of the accessory nerve was studied electron microscopically at different levels in 3 adult cats. It was found that this nerve contains several unmyelinated axons. In the main nerve trunk the proportion of unmyelinated axon profiles was 27% at the level of the foramen magnum. In juxtamedullary root fascicles near the PNS/CNS transition the proportion of unmyelinated axons was lower and these axons tended to occupy superficial positions in the fascicles. No intrafascicular unmyelinated axons were found in the immediate vicinity of the PNS/CNS transition but bundles of unmyelinated axons occurred in the surrounding pia mater. The findings suggest that unmyelinated axons in the spinal accessory nerve contribute to the pial vasomotor and/or sensory innervation. AURisling M; Hildebrand C; Uhler G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p374-8 MJAccessory Nerve; Axons MNCats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001594 TICerebral alteration in calmodulin levels associated with the induction of physical dependence upon ethanol in rats. ABCalmodulin levels were measured in different areas of brain in rats rendered physically dependent and after single doses (6 g/kg) of ethanol. After single doses of ethanol no changes in the calmodulin levels were found in the cortex, but those in the hippocampus and caudate nuclei were increased while those in the cerebellum were reduced. In the dependent intoxicated (prodromal) rats, calmodulin levels were elevated in all these regions except the cerebellum. In rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal syndrome, the calmodulin levels decreased in all regions of the brain except caudate nuclei. AUPant HC; Majchrowicz E; Virmani M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p379-81 MJAlcohol, Ethyl; Brain; Calmodulin; Substance Dependence MNAlcohol, Ethyl /AE; Caudate Nucleus /ME; Cerebellum /ME; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001595 TIPeripheral sensory nerve fibers that dichotomize to supply the brachium and the pericardium in the rat: a possible morphological explanation for referred cardiac pain? ABTwo fluorescent dyes, 'True Blue' and 'Diamidino Yellow' were injected, respectively, into the pericardial sac and into the medial brachial cutaneous nerve or subcutaneously into the medial side of the brachium. Double-labelling was observed in ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia neurons of spinal cord segments C8, T1 and T2, indicating that dichotomizing afferent fibers supply both the pericardium and the brachium. This finding provides a possible morphological explanation for referred cardiac pain. AUAlles A; Dom RM EM8601 ID5-R01-DE05832 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p382-5 MJBrachial Plexus; Heart; Pain; Pericardium; Peripheral Nerves MNFluorescent Dyes; Neurons, Afferent /PH; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001596 TIDopamine changes the shape of action potentials in hippocampal pyramidal cells. ABDopamine was found to have two electrophysiological effects on CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slices. It increased the slow afterhyperpolarisation caused by a slow Ca2+-activated K+ conductance and it had an effect on action potentials that is postulated to be due to an increase in a fast Ca2+-activated K+ conductance. A given CA1 cell showed either one or both of the two responses to dopamine, or no response. AUPockett S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p386-90 MJDopamine; Hippocampus /DE MNAction Potentials /DE; Hippocampus /CY /PH; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001597 TISomatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys: laminar differences in receptive field size in areas 3b and 1. ABWe have examined receptive field sizes of neurons in granular, supragranular and infragranular layers within somatosensory cortical areas 3b and 1 in macaque monkeys. Receptive fields of neurons in layer 4 are smaller than receptive fields of neurons above or below layer 4. In addition, neurons in area 1 have larger receptive fields than neurons in corresponding layers of area 3b. AUSur M; Garraghty PE; Bruce CJ EM8601 IDRR 05358; NS07497; EY 04740 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p391-5 MJNeurons, Afferent; Somatosensory Cortex /PH MNBrain Mapping; Macaca fascicularis; Somatosensory Cortex /AH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1134-47-0 (Baclofen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001598 TIBaclofen attenuates hyperpolarizing not depolarizing responses of caudate neurons in cat. ABThe effects of baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue, were studied on the intracellular responses of caudate neurons to cortical and thalamic stimulation. Systemic or intracaudate injections of baclofen did not reduce the initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) to these stimuli; however, it did completely block evoked hyperpolarizations. These results suggest that the GABA-b receptor (one possible site of baclofen action) is not found on the corticostriate synaptic terminals. Furthermore, our results clearly indicate that evoked hyperpolarizations recorded in caudate neurons are not the result of cortical disfacilitation. AUWilson JS; Wilson JA EM8601 ID2 S06 RR 08016 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p396-400 MJBaclofen; Caudate Nucleus; Cerebral Cortex; Neurons; Thalamus MNCats; Electric Stimulation; Membrane Potentials /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine); 25614-03-3 (Bromocriptine); 28289-54-5 (N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 52-86-8 (Haloperidol); 58-00-4 (Apomorphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001599 TISuppression of MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice by nomifensine and L-DOPA. ABTo examine effects of various pharmacological manipulations of dopamine (DA) metabolism on DA neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), C57 black mice were injected with MPTP (30 mg/kg s.c., once daily for two days) alone or in combination with apomorphine, bromocriptine, haloperidol, L-DOPA or nomifensine. MPTP markedly decreased neostriatal DA concentrations at 2, 10, 20 and 30 days post-treatment indicating persistent degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. Suppression or acceleration of DA turnover rates by the DA agonists apomorphine and bromocriptine or by the DA antagonist haloperidol, respectively, did not affect MPTP toxicity. MPTP-induced neostriatal DA depletions were markedly suppressed by nomifensine, a DA reuptake inhibitor, and attenuated by exogenous L-DOPA. MPTP may be a substrate for the DA reuptake system and its specific transport into nigrostriatal terminals may be an important factor for its selective neurotoxicity. AUMelamed E; Rosenthal J; Globus M; Cohen O; Uzzan A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p401-4 MJCorpus Striatum; Dopamine; Levodopa; Nomifensine; Pyridines MNApomorphine /PD; Bromocriptine /PD; Haloperidol /PD; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Pyridines /TO MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001600 TIPeripheral nerve lesions cause simultaneous alterations of substance P and enkephalin levels in the spinal cord. ABThe substance P and Met-enkephalin content were measured in the rat lumbar spinal cord after monolateral section of the sciatic nerve. The proximal stump of the lesioned nerve was either ligated, limiting the formation of neuroma, or sutured intraperitoneally, allowing the formation of a very large neuroma. Both types of lesion caused a similar peptide loss. Substance P and Met-enkephalin decreased by about 50% 10 days following the lesion. Such a loss was maintained even 30 days postoperatively and was not affected by the neuroma size. Immunohistochemical stainings showed that the loss of both peptides occurred in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn. It is suggested that pain sensation developing after peripheral nerve lesion may be due to the intraspinal loss of enkephalin rather than to the neuroma formation. AUDi Giulio AM; Mantegazza P; Dona M; Gorio A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 9 1985, 342(2) p405-8 MJEnkephalin, Methionine; Peripheral Nerve Diseases; Spinal Cord; Substance P MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001601 TIExpression of surface antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibody lan 3-2 during embryonic development in the leech. ABThe monoclonal antibody lan 3-2 was used as a marker for the developmental expression of surface antigens which are specific for the two pairs of nociceptive neurons and a subset of axons in the adult CNS of the leech. In Haemopis embryos labeling of both nerve fibers and cell bodies with the antibody appears as expected for a metameric animal in a rostrocaudal temporal gradient from about day 5-6. Surprisingly, all central cell bodies are stained by the antibody in early development. However, later in embryogenesis around day 17 the staining intensity of most cells decreases except for the nociceptive cells, which remain antibody-positive, and the adult staining pattern gradually emerges. In addition to describing the central staining pattern, we show that specific peripheral neurons associated with the segmental sensilla also are antibody-positive during development. The distribution and developmental expression of the lan 3-2-positive antigens are compared between two phylogenetically different species of leeches and the diversity of the staining pattern of the monoclonal antibody is discussed. AUJohansen J; Thompson I; Stewart RR; McKay RD EM8601 IDNS 17556; NS 17984 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p1-7 MJAntigens, Surface; Leeches; Nervous System /IM MNAntigenic Determinants /AN; Ganglia /GD /IM; Nervous System /EM; Nociceptors /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001602 TINeural correlates of female song in tropical duetting birds. ABDuetting involves production of song by female and male birds in close temporal coordination. We studied the neural network controlling song in 3 tropical duetting species. The volumes of song control regions (SCRs) in the brain, neuronal density in nucleus robustus of the archistriatum (RA) which is one of these SCRs, total number of neurons in RA, and somal size of neurons in RA were measured and compared to values published for zebra finches and canaries in which only males sing. The extent of sexual dimorphism in SCR volumes, RA neuronal density, and total neuronal number in RA varied in a graded fashion across species and was correlated with extent of sexual dimorphism in song repertoire size in any one species. Somal size of RA neurons was identical in males and females of each duetting species, regardless of relative repertoire size. Of all SCRs, the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum appeared to have the greatest relative size in the song system of duetting birds compared to non-duetting species. AUBrenowitz EA; Arnold AP; Levin RN EM8601 IDNS 19645; NS 07134; MH 15795-03 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p104-12 MJBirds; Brain /PH; Vocalization, Animal /PH MNAndrogens /PD; Brain Mapping; Brain /AH; Cell Count; Sex Characteristics; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7439-93-2 (Lithium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 7447-41-8 (lithium chloride); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001603 TIHypertensive response to saline microinjection in the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii of the rat. ABWe investigated the blood pressure response elicited by microinjection of various hypertonic solutions into the area of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) of the brainstem, an area rich in catecholaminergic neurons. Equiosmolar solutions of NaCl, dextrose, LiCl and KCl were employed. NaCl produced a prolonged blood pressure rise; LiCl and normal saline produced a similar rise of short duration; and KCl produced epileptic-type seizures with postictal hypertension. Dextrose had no effect and neither had NaCl microinjection in areas relatively distant from the NTS. The rise in blood pressure was not reversed by a vasopressin antagonist injected systemically, but was totally abolished by systemic alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine. These findings suggest that sodium can cause hypertension by direct stimulation of the central sympathetic nervous system without participation of peripheral mechanisms such as fluid volume expansion or alteration of the vascular wall. AUGavras H; Bain GT; Bland L; Vlahakos D; Gavras I EM8601 IDHL 18-318 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p113-9 MJBlood Pressure; Medulla Oblongata; Sodium Chloride; Vasomotor System MNBrain Mapping; Chlorides /PD; Injections, Intraventricular; Lithium /PD; Microinjections; Potassium Chloride /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Saline Solution, Hypertonic MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001604 TIImmunohistochemistry of synaptic input and functional characterizations of neurons near the spinal central canal. ABNeurons surrounding the central canal in sacral spinal segments were functionally characterized on the basis of somatic and/or visceral afferent input, then intracellularly marked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Tissue sections containing portions of HRP-stained neurons were subsequently immunohistochemically examined for the presence of contacts made by axonal enlargements containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SS), Leu-enkephalin (ENK), or serotonin (5-HT). ENK-and 5-HT-containing enlargements were found to contact all neurons examined. SP and SS terminals contacted fewer neurons, and were not associated with specific functional classes. On the other hand, VIP-containing fibers contacted only those neurons receiving visceral afferent input, thus supporting the contention that VIP is contained in a population of visceral afferent fibers projecting to the gray matter surrounding the central canal at sacral levels. AUHonda CN; Lee CL EM8601 IDNS 10321; NS 14899; NS 14904 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p120-8 MJPeptides; Spinal Cord MNCats; Enkephalin, Leucine /ME; Immunoenzyme Technics; Serotonin /ME; Somatostatin /ME; Spinal Cord /UL; Substance P /ME; Synapses /ME; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001605 TISites of D-[3H]aspartate accumulation in mouse cerebellar slices. ABSlices of mouse cerebellar vermis, cut in the parasagittal plane, were incubated for various times (up to 3 h) in the presence of 1 microM D-[3H]aspartate, a non-metabolized substrate for the glutamate/aspartate carrier in brain tissue. Light microscopic autoradiography indicated that in regions away from the cut edges of the slices the amino acid accumulated in glia and granule cells. Relatively few grains were seen over Purkinje, Golgi, stellate and basket cells or over white matter. Grain counts over the granule cell layers in the middle parts of the slices indicated that after short (15 min) exposures to the labelled substrate, non-granule cell areas (which included glia) contained, on average, slightly more grains than granule cells but with longer exposures (1.5 and 3 h) the relative grain density over granule cells became much higher, possibly because glial uptake prevents D-[3H]aspartate gaining access to neuronal sites in adequate amounts during short incubations and/or because the longer incubations allow time for retrograde migration of the label from parallel fibre terminals to occur. The demonstration of selective uptake of D-[3H]aspartate into granule cells contrasts with previous autoradiographic results (possible reasons for which are discussed) and supports the notion that L-glutamate is the transmitter of granule cells. The results also have a bearing on the importance of the metabolic compartmentation of glutamate in relation to its proposed transmitter role. AUGarthwaite G; Garthwaite J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p129-36 MJAspartic Acid; Cerebellum MNAutoradiography; Mice; Neuroglia /ME; Purkinje Cells /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.- (Protein Kinase C); 0 (phosphoprotein F1) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001606 TIA selective increase in phosporylation of protein F1, a protein kinase C substrate, directly related to three day growth of long term synaptic enhancement. ABIncreased in vitro phosphorylation of the 47 kdalton, 4.5 pI protein F1 was observed in dorsal hippocampal tissue from animals exhibiting long term enhancement (LTE) three days after high frequency stimulation of the perforant pathway, as compared to tissue from low frequency stimulated controls or from unoperated animals. The increase in protein F1 phosphorylation was related to LTE rather than simple activation of perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses. This is the first report of a change in brain protein phosphorylation accompanying synaptic enhancement lasting days. The extent of growth of LTE over the three days following stimulation was directly related (r = +0.66, P less than 0.05) to protein F1 phosphorylation. Among the phosphoproteins studied this relationship between LTE and phosphorylation was selective for protein F1. This suggests that protein F1 may regulate growth of synaptic plasticity for at least a three day period. The mechanism for the LTE-related increase in protein F1 phosphorylation has not been established. However, recent evidence from this laboratory indicates: that protein F1 is phosphorylated by the calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C; and that kinase C is activated 1 h after LTE. Therefore, the increase in protein F1 phosphorylation following LTE may result from long term activation of protein C kinase. AULovinger DM; Akers RF; Nelson RB; Barnes CA; McNaughton BL; Routtenberg A EM8601 IDMH25281; AG03376; DA 05254 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p137-43 MJHippocampus; Membrane Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phosphoproteins MNElectric Stimulation; Neural Pathways /PH; Neural Transmission; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinase C /ME; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Synapses /PH MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001607 TIA method for anterograde axonal tracing of chemically specified circuits in the central nervous system: combined Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) tract tracing and immunohistochemistry. ABA method is described for combining anterograde axonal tract tracing using concurrent double immunohistochemical localization of axonally transported Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and endogenous neural antigens. With this technique, some projections of the substantia nigra and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus are examined to demonstrate advantages offered by this approach for tracing chemically specified circuits in the central nervous system. AUGerfen CR; Sawchenko PE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p144-50 MJCentral Nervous System; Neuroanatomy; Phytohemagglutinins MNAntigens; Central Nervous System /IM; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Neural Pathways /AH; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /AH; Rats; Substantia Nigra /AH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (dopamine-D2 receptor); 57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001608 TIChanges in hypothalamic dopamine D-2 receptors during sexual maturation in male and female rats. ABWe have examined variations in hypothalamic dopamine D-2 receptor levels occurring during sexual maturation in male and female rats, using a [3H]domperidone radioligand binding assay. A major decrease in D-2 receptor levels was observed during sexual development, and was accompanied by the appearance of a sexual dimorphism in receptor levels, which appeared to be the result of neonatal sexual differentiation. These changes may be linked with the alterations in hormone levels which occur during sexual maturation. AUHerdon HJ; Wilson CA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p151-3 MJHypothalamus; Receptors, Dopamine; Sex Maturation MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sex Characteristics; Sex Differentiation; Sex Hormones /PH; Testosterone /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.3. (Phosphomonoesterases); EC 3.1.3.41 (Nitrophenyl Phosphatase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001609 TIUltracytochemical localization of ouabain-sensitive K+-dependent, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in myelin. ABOuabain-sensitive, K+-dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (K-NPPase) activity was demonstrated ultracytochemically in the myelin of nerve fibers in peripheral and central white matter. Enzyme activity was more prominent in paranodal than compact myelin, and it was absent from nodal and interparanodal axolemma. Since K-NPPase is part of the Na-KATPase complex, we consider myelin as an important site of the sodium pump and believe that myelin participates in cationic regulation of the nervous tissue. AUMrsulja BJ; Zalewski AA; Coping G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p154-8 MJMyelin Sheath; Nitrophenyl Phosphatase; Phosphomonoesterases MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Histocytochemistry; Microscopy, Electron; Ouabain /PD; Potassium /PD; Ranvier's Nodes /EN; Rats MTAnimal IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001610 TIThe identification of thalamocortical axon terminals in barrels of mouse Sml cortex using immunohistochemistry of anterogradely transported lectin (Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin). ABThe anterograde transport and immunohistochemical demonstration of the lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) has been used to label thalamocortical axon terminals in barrels of mouse SmI cortex. The reaction product is visible with both the light and electron microscopes so that the distribution of axons and the types of synapses they form can be determined. AUKeller A; White EL; Cipolloni PB EM8601 IDNS 20149-02 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p159-65 MJSomatosensory Cortex; Thalamic Nuclei MNAfferent Pathways /AH; Face /IR; Mice; Microscopy, Electron; Phytohemagglutinins; Somatosensory Cortex /UL; Synapses /UL; Vibrissae MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 50-22-6 (Corticosterone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001611 TISexual dimorphism of glucocorticoid binding in rat brain. ABGlucocorticoids bind with high affinity to intracellular receptors located in high density within discrete regions of the rodent and primate brain. The binding of [3H]corticosterone was compared in the brains of male vs female rats. The number and affinity of cytosol receptors in the hippocampus and hypothalamus were examined in vitro. The cytosolic binding capacity of the hippocampus is greater in the female than in the male. This difference in binding capacity is not dependent on the presence of gonadal steroids: the effect of gonadectomy was not significant for either sex. The difference is not due to transcortin since the binding capacity of [3H]dexamethasone is also greater in the female hippocampus. Receptor affinity in the female hippocampus is half that of the male value. In the hypothalamus, the dimorphism is in the opposite direction: the number of [3H]corticosterone cytosolic binding sites was found to be greater in the male. The male hypothalamus also showed a greater affinity for [3H]corticosterone than did the female. Ovariectomy increased the number of binding sites in the female hypothalamus. In vivo nuclear uptake of a tracer dose of [3H]corticosterone was determined in animals having intact gonads. The percent of tissue [3H]corticosterone present in cell nuclei from 4 brain regions, including the hippocampus and hypothalamus, was calculated per unit DNA. The concentrations of [3H]corticosterone in nuclei relative to tissue homogenates were higher in females than males for the 4 brain regions, but not for the pituitary or liver. The data are interpreted as suggesting that glucocorticoid secretion under basal conditions and during stress may differentially effect specific brain structures in male vs female rats. AUTurner BB; Weaver DA EM8601 ID2-S07-RR-07095-14 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p16-23 MJBrain; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone MNAmygdaloid Body /ME; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Hippocampus /ME; Hypothalamus, Middle /ME; Preoptic Area /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sex Characteristics MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine Hydroxylase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001612 TICoexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase in some neurons in the periglomerular region of the rat main olfactory bulb: possible coexistence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine. ABThe coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was revealed in some neurons in the periglomerular region and in the superficial part of the external plexiform layer of the rat main olfactory bulb. In neurons showing the immunoreactivity for either GAD or TH, about 10-55% showed both immunoreactivities. AUKosaka T; Hataguchi Y; Hama K; Nagatsu I; WU JY EM8601 IDNS-13224 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p166-71 MJDopamine; GABA; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Olfactory Bulb /EN; Tyrosine Hydroxylase MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Olfactory Bulb /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN53027-55-7 (adipokinetic hormone (locust) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001613 TIAn antiserum to locust adipokinetic hormone reveals a novel peptidergic system in the rat central nervous system. ABUsing an antiserum to locust adipokinetic hormone I, a novel peptidergic system was identified in the rat central nervous system. Immunoreactive fibers were present in the hypothalamic median eminence and periventricular nucleus and the spinal cord dorsal horn, intermediolateral cell column and sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Immunoreactive cells were present in the dorsal gray commissure of lumbosacral spinal cord, the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus and cerebral cortex. AUSasek CA; Schueler PA; Herman WS; Elde RP EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p172-5 MJAntigenic Determinants; Central Nervous System; Insect Hormones; Neuroregulators; Peptides MNCentral Nervous System /ME; Peptides /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001614 TIMyotrophic effects on denervation atrophy of hindlimb muscles of mice with systemic administration of nerve extract. ABAtrophy was assessed in denervated hindlimb muscles of adult mice which either were not otherwise treated or received daily intraperitoneal injections of extract of rats' sciatic nerves. After 7 days, the denervated muscles of injected animals exhibited significantly smaller decreases in wet weight, total protein and cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers relative to innervated contralateral control muscles. The effects of denervation and nerve extract on different muscles varied. AUDavis HL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p176-9 MJMuscular Atrophy /PC; Peripheral Nerves; Tissue Extracts MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Muscle Denervation /AE; Muscular Atrophy /ET; Organ Specificity MTAnimal; Male RN501-75-7 (tele-methylhistamine); 51-45-6 (Histamine); 555-57-7 (Pargyline) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001615 TIDecrease in histamine turnover in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. ABHistamine (HA) turnover rate in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was determined by the accumulation of telemethylhistamine after pargyline treatment. The values in these SHR were lower than in the Wistar Kyoto rats, particularly in the hypothalamus and brainstem. However, chronic treatment with L-histidine had no effect on the development of hypertension in the SHR. The functional significance of the decreased HA turnover in SHR is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of hypertension. AUOishi R; Itoh Y; Nishibori M; Saeki K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p180-3 MJBrain; Histamine MNAge Factors; Brain Stem /ME; Hypothalamus /ME; Methylhistamines /AN; Pargyline /PD; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Telencephalon /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001616 TIBanding of rubro-olivary terminations in the principal inferior olivary nucleus of the chimpanzee. ABAn electrolytic lesion centered just dorsal to, and grazing the superior surface of, the rostral red nucleus (RNr) was produced stereotactically in a single chimpanzee. Perikarya of the ipsilateral RNr exhibited retrograde cell changes, demonstrating interruption of its efferent fibers. The degenerated rubro-olivary tract was followed in silver impregnated material to the ipsilateral compact part of the pedunculopontine nucleus, pontine reticular formation and inferior olivary complex. Within the inferior olivary complex, terminations were banded and restricted to the principal subnucleus. AUStrominger NL; Nelson LR; Strominger RN EM8601 IDNS 12208 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p185-7 MJChimpansee troglodytes; Olivary Nucleus; Red Nucleus MNNeural Pathways /AH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001617 TINorepinephrine stimulates serotonin secretion from rat pineal glands, in vitro. ABThe purpose of this study was to determine if serotonin (5-HT) is secreted by the pineal gland and also to define the parameters of its secretion. After radiolabelling the endogenous 5-HT pool, individual pineal glands were placed within perifusion chambers and stimulated with norepinephrine (NE). [3H]5-HT was rapidly released within 1 min of stimulation and secretion continued throughout the period of exposure to NE. The findings suggest that 5-HT, in addition to melatonin, is a hormone of the pineal gland. AUWalker RF; Aloyo VJ EM8601 IDRO1 AG02867 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p188-9 MJNorepinephrine; Pineal Body; Serotonin MNRats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001618 TIModulation of dopamine receptor supersensitivity by chronic insulin: implication in schizophrenia. ABHaloperidol-induced increases in the number of dopamine receptors, as measured by [3H]spiperone binding to striatal membranes, do not occur in rats repeatedly treated with insulin in doses eliciting pronounced hypoglycemia. Given alone, however, insulin has no effect on [3H]spiperone binding in normal rats. These findings demonstrate a modulating effect of insulin on brain dopamine receptor sensitization. This effect might be relevant to the mechanism of insulin coma therapy in schizophrenia and is consistent with and supports the dopaminergic hypothesis of this disorder. AULozovsky DB; Kopin IJ; Saller CF EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p190-3 MJCorpus Striatum; Insulin; Receptors, Dopamine; Schizophrenia MNConvulsive Therapy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Schizophrenia /TH MTAnimal; Human; Male RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases); EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase); 9005-79-2 (Glycogen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001619 TIA metabolic profile of the rat caudate microvasculature: a histochemical study. ABArterioles of the rat caudate nucleus were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profile. These microvessels appear capable of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism with a potential for nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Little intramural lipid storage occurs and any fatty acids utilized are provided via the blood supply. Likewise, glycogen is not seen in the arteriolar wall and may be rapidly turned over as a substrate for anaerobic metabolism. AUCannon MS; Kapes ED; Trulson ME EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p194-7 MJCaudate Nucleus MNGlycogen /ME; Histocytochemistry; Lipase /ME; Lipids /ME; Microcirculation /ME; Oxidoreductases /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001620 TIDevelopmental and regional differences in the localization of Na,K-ATPase activity in the rabbit hippocampus. ABRegional differences in Na,K-ATPase activity, and development of Na,K-ATPase activity were examined in rabbit hippocampus using a histochemical marker of enzyme activity. Stratum lucidum of CA3/CA2, corresponding to the mossy fiber terminal field, showed high Na,K-ATPase activity compared to stratum radiatum of CA1. A significant increase in Na,K-ATPase activity was found between 8 and 15 days postnatal. Tissues with limited Na,K-ATPase activity (immature hippocampus, the mature CA1 region) appear particularly prone to seizure-like abnormalities, perhaps reflecting an inability to regulate extracellular potassium. AUHaglund MM; Stahl WL; Kunkel DD; Schwartzkroin PA EM8601 IDNS 17111; NS 15317; GM 07266 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p198-203 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Hippocampus MNHistocytochemistry; Rabbits MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001621 TIProperties of visual cue responses in primate precentral cortex. ABMonkeys were trained to perform a visuomotor task involving the alignment of a cursor over a vertical target line on a videomonitor by flexion or extension movements of the wrist. The forelimb area of the contralateral precentral cortex was thoroughly explored during the task. Intracortical microstimulation was employed to classify the forelimb region into wrist flexion--extension and non-wrist flexion--extension populations. Unit recording revealed an initial response to the cue for movement, viz. the appearance of the cursor and target line on the videomonitor, while visual signals not related to the task failed to evoke any response. The mean latency of these visual cue responses was approximately 150 ms. A great majority of the responses (96%) were bidirectional in character, in that they did not correlate with the directional information embedded in the visual cue, nor were they good predictors for the direction or timing of the subsequent movement. They were uniformly distributed in both the wrist and non-wrist regions of the forelimb area; the non-forelimb areas were devoid of the cue response. Further, when the variability of response to the visual cue for the wrist and non-wrist populations was compared, no significant difference was observed. These observations are consistent with an interpretation that the visually triggered cue responses provide a generalized activation over the task-related area of precentral cortex, paving the way for later and more specific activations leading to the execution of the task. AUKwan HC; MacKay WA; Murphy JT; Wong YC EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p24-35 MJMotor Cortex; Psychomotor Performance; Visual Perception MNAnthropoidea; Brain Mapping; Cues; Electromyography; Reaction Time /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Phospholipases); 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide); 144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 554-77-8 (Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001622 TIConformational changes of opioid receptor induced by the electric footshock. ABThe present electric shock (ES) schedule followed in these experiments produced different functional changes in endogenous putative opioid agonist- and antagonist-type receptors, depending on the type of receptor: the amount of antagonist binding was increased by ES application, while the amount of agonist binding was decreased. In order to elucidate the mechanism of these changes, we investigated whether ES application was able to affect sulfhydryl-groups and phospholipids of endogenous opioid receptors. In comparison to the control membrane, the increased antagonist binding sites of the ES membrane were liable to be inactivated by the sulfhydryl-modifying reagents, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and iodoacetamide. However, in the presence of 100 mM Na, the antagonist binding sites of both the control and ES membranes were inactivated by NEM in the same manner. On the other hand, the agonist binding sites of both membranes were similarly inactivated by NEM regardless of the absence or presence of 100 mM Na. Another sulfhydryl-modifying reagent, such as p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid, did not produce any difference between the control and ES membranes. The increased antagonist binding sites of the ES membrane were also liable to be inactivated by phospholipase A2. These results suggest that the present ES schedule followed in these experiments produces conformational changes in endogenous opioid receptors in the rat brain. As a result of these conformational changes, the amount of binding in the antagonist sites may be increased, while the amount of binding in the agonist sites may be decreased. However, the increased antagonist binding sites may be liable to be inactivated by NEM, iodoacetamide and phospholipase A2. AUNabeshima T; Matsuno K; Kameyama T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p36-43 MJBrain; Receptors, Endorphin; Stress MNChloromercuriphenylsulfonate /PD; Electroshock; Ethylmaleimide /PD; Iodoacetamide /PD; Molecular Conformation; Phospholipases /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sodium /PD MTAnimal; Male RN54-31-9 (Furosemide); 630-60-4 (Ouabain); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001623 TICarrier-mediated KCl accumulation accompanied by water movements is involved in the control of physiological K+ levels by astrocytes. ABPotassium accumulation and water transport into mouse astrocytes in primary cultures were investigated when external potassium was increased from 3 to 12 mM. The intracellular potassium content increased by 63% within 50 s of such a change. The increase consisted of a ouabain- and furosemide-sensitive component, both contributing in about the same amounts. Experiments with altered ion composition revealed that the furosemide-sensitive component consisted of a KCl accumulation. Water moved into the astrocytes without delay after such an external K+ increase and increased the cell water by 27%. This water increase was abolished in solutions with reduced Cl- and during application of furosemide. Thus, these results on a KCl uptake accompanied by water movements into astrocytes suggest a potential mechanism by which glial cells in situ can regulate external K+ levels. AUWalz W; Hinks EC EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p44-51 MJAstrocytes; Carrier Proteins; Potassium Chloride; Water MNAnimals, Newborn; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Cells, Cultured; Furosemide /PD; Mice; Ouabain /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1. (Oxidoreductases) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001624 TIDifferences in some of the metabolic properties of mitochondria isolated from cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb of the rat. ABThe metabolic properties of mitochondria from rat cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb were investigated. The pyruvate-supported oxygen uptake rates by olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly lower than those by cerebrocortical mitochondria. This is consistent with the differences in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activities between these mitochondrial preparations. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase activities in olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly lower than those in cerebrocortical mitochondria. However, NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase, and NAD-linked and NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase activities in olfactory bulb mitochondria were significantly higher than those in cerebrocortical mitochondria. The differences between these two mitochondrial preparations in terms of the activities of these energy-metabolizing enzymes reflect the differences detected in the homogenates of these regions. AULai JC; Sheu KF; Carlson KC Jr EM8601 IDNS 16994; NS 15125; AAO 3883 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p52-9 MJCerebral Cortex /ME; Mitochondria; Olfactory Bulb /ME MNCell Fractionation; Cerebral Cortex /EN /UL; Olfactory Bulb /EN /UL; Oxidoreductases /ME; Oxygen Consumption; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001626 TIResidual benzodiazepine (BZ) binding in the cortex of pcd mutant cerebella and qualitative BZ binding in the deep cerebellar nuclei of control and mutant mice: an autoradiographic study. ABIn mutant mice 'Purkinje cell degeneration' (pcd), there is an almost complete degeneration of Purkinje cells followed subsequently by a partial degeneration of granule cells. Recent neurochemical studies have revealed a 50% decrease in benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors in 45-day-old pcd mutants after degeneration of the Purkinje cells. At 300 days there is an 80% decrease in BZ receptors concomitant with granule cell losses. To determine the histological localization of these receptor changes this autoradiographic analysis was conducted. An in vitro autoradiographic technique was used to explore [3H]flunitrazepam binding. BZ receptors were found to be more concentrated in the molecular than the granular layer of mutant and control cerebellar cortices. There was, nonetheless, no statistically significant difference in grain counts between control and mutant mice in any layer. Substantial atrophy of cerebellar structures, particularly of the molecular layer, occurred in the mutant mice. It began even before 45 days of age but was extreme at 300 days. When the appropriate mathematical correction factor was introduced for the layer atrophy there was a 60% decrease in grain count in 45-day-old mutants in the molecular layer and a 84% decrease in 300-day-old mutants compared to controls. The initial decrease in total BZ receptors in the 45-day-old mutant animals is associated with a selective loss of Purkinje cells. The amount of receptor binding which persists in the 300-day-old mutants in the molecular layer would appear to reflect binding in the remaining parallel fibers from granule cells which remain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUVaccarino FM; Ghetti B; Nurnberger JI Sr EM8601 ID2R01 NS 14426-04 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p70-8 MJCerebellum; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine MNAutoradiography; Cerebellar Cortex /AN; Cerebellar Nuclei /AN; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Neurologic Mutants; Mice; Purkinje Cells /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001627 TIThe effect of light on the spread of signals through the rod network of the salamander retina. ABAdjacent rods in the amphibian retina are electrically coupled to each other by gap junctions. By injecting current pulses into one rod and recording the voltage change produced in nearby rods, we have studied the extent to which signals spread between rods in the presence and absence of illumination. Light has little effect on the steady potentials produced in nearby rods by the injection of a hyperpolarizing current, but does affect the propagation of transient signals through the rod network. The responses to injection of depolarizing current are increased by light. These effects of light were mimicked by hyperpolarizing the rod network (non-uniformly) by injecting continuous current (on top of which current pulses were superimposed to monitor signal spread). This suggests that the effects of light are due solely to the rod hyperpolarization produced by light. The effects of light are not completely predicted from computer simulations based on a previous characterization of the properties of isolated rods; these experiments thus reveal an inadequacy in the description of the rod membrane currents in that model. Light-induced hyperpolarization of cones has no effect on signal spread between rods. The functional significance of these results is discussed. AUAttwell D; Wilson M; Wu SM EM8601 IDEY00561; EY04112; EY04446 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p79-88 MJLight; Rods and Cones; Vision MNAmbystoma mexicanum; Ambystoma; Membrane Potentials /RE; Neural Transmission /RE; Rods and Cones /RE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001628 TIAltered local cerebral glucose utilization by unilateral frontal cortical ablations in rats. ABAlterations in local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) following ablations of the unilateral frontal cortex in rats were studied to elucidate the effect of the lesion on the functional activity in the related cerebral structures. Frontal cortical ablations (areas 2, 4, 6 and 10) were made by aspiration on the left side, and LCGU was evaluated at 7 days after the operation, using the [14C]deoxyglucose method. Significant decreases in LCGU in rats with unilateral frontal cortical ablations, were observed in the ipsilateral thalamic nuclei (ventroanterior-ventrolateral (VAL), ventrobasal (VB), reticular), red nucleus and pontine nucleus. The ipsilateral globus pallidus showed a significant LCGU increase. The contralateral cerebellar cortex showed a tendency toward a decrease in LCGU. The striatum, which receives direct projections from the frontal cortex, showed no LCGU change. These results indicated that ablations of unilateral frontal cortex in rats produced LCGU changes in the cerebral structures which have direct or indirect neuronal connections with the ablated area. These LCGU changes were, for the most part, brought about by alteration in the neuronal activity. Particularly, the LCGU increase in the globus pallidus which receives transsynaptic neuronal input from the frontal cortex, without changes in the striatum, which receives direct projection, was attributed to the functional alteration of the globus pallidus produced by the cortical ablation. Destructive lesion of a cerebral structure, therefore, does not necessarily cause functional depressions in the pertinent structures, but it may enhance the function of some structures, depending on the functional characteristics of each neuronal connection and functional organization of those structures. AUHosokawa S; Kato M; Aiko Y; Shima F EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p8-15 MJBrain; Frontal Lobe; Glucose MNAutoradiography; Glutamates /PH; Neural Transmission; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001629 TIPulmonary edema and death induced by sinoaortic denervation in fastigial nucleus-lesioned rats. ABWhen adult male rats with lesions of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus were subjected to sinoaortic denervation and instrumented for aortic pressure recording, their elevated mean arterial pressure was found to rise no higher than that of rats with sinoaortic denervation alone; however all of the doubly operated rats died or became moribund within 4 days. Pulmonary edema and gastric ulcers were frequently seen. When the order of operations was reversed, all animals survived. The possible mechanism and involvement of other brain nuclei, catecholamines and vasopressin in these pathological changes is discussed. AUHaun CK; Alexander N EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p89-94 MJBlood Pressure; Cerebellar Nuclei; Pressoreceptors; Pulmonary Edema MNAorta /IR; Brain Mapping; Carotid Sinus /PP; Movement; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stomach Ulcer /PP MTAnimal; Male RN102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid); 2380-78-1 (3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylethanol); 306-08-1 (Homovanillic Acid); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001630 TIIn vivo analysis of dopamine and its metabolites in the caudate nucleus during euthermia and hibernation. ABGolden-mantled ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) were chronically implanted with a unilateral push-pull cannula in the caudate nucleus. Perfusates obtained in these unanesthetized, unrestrained animals during the euthermic (non-hibernating) and hibernating states were analyzed for dopamine (DA) and its metabolites (homovanillic acid (HVA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethanol (MOPET) using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The data revealed clear differences in the performance of the caudate DA system in the two states. During the euthermic state, DA metabolism was indicative of a constant and high turnover rate. Free DA was not detectable in the majority of samples, HVA was detected at consistently high levels, and DOPAC and conjugated DA were present at low levels. By contrast, DA metabolism was sharply altered during hibernation. Free DA was present at high concentrations and HVA concentrations were low. DOPAC was not detected in any sample whereas MOPET was present in all samples. Conjugated DA was present at high concentrations during the second half of the hibernation bout. The shift in the post-release disposition of DA could enhance the stability of DA receptors (i.e. prevent supersensitivity) during the prolonged periods of reduced neural activity typical of hibernation. AUSalzman SK; Llados-Eckman C; Beckman AL EM8601 IDDA-02254 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 16 1985, 343(1) p95-103 MJCaudate Nucleus; Dopamine; Hibernation MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid /AN; 3-Methoxy-4-Hydroxyphenylethanol /AN; Caudate Nucleus /ME; Dopamine /ME; Homovanillic Acid /AN; Sciuridae MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001631 TIThe efferent vestibular neurons in the toad (Bufo bufo L.): their location and morphology. A horseradish peroxidase study. ABRetrogradely labeled neurons are observed in the central nervous system of the toad after peripheral application of peroxidase to the anterior and posterior stumps of the VIIIth nerve. These efferent vestibular neurons are localized in the brainstem only ipsilaterally to the treated nerve; they are restricted within a region close to the motor nucleus of the VIIth nerve, outside the vestibular nuclear complex, and are predominantly localized to the borders between the gray and white matter in an arrangement that seems to surround the motor nucleus of the VIIth nerve. No evidence was found for the existence of labeled Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex and therefore of a cerebellolabyrinthine pathway. The efferent vestibular neurons are medium-sized cells with two prominent dendrites, often oriented in a mediolateral direction. A comparative analysis between these neurons and the contiguous motoneurons of the VIIth nerve permitted differentiation of the two groups of neurons as to: distribution in a mediolateral direction, distribution in depth from the brainstem surface, longitudinal extension in the caudorostral direction and morphologic characteristics and dendritic arrangement of the neurons. AUPellegrini M; Ceccotti F; Magherini P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p1-8 MJBrain Stem; Vestibular Apparatus; Vestibular Nerve; Vestibular Nuclei MNBufo Bufo; Efferent Pathways /AH; Facial Nerve /AH; Motor Neurons; Purkinje Cells MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN333-36-8 (Flurothyl); 54-95-5 (Pentylenetetrazole) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001632 TIUnidirectional interaction between flurothyl seizures and amygdala kindling. ABIn this report, the interaction between flurothyl convulsions and electrical kindling of the amygdala was investigated. Three flurothyl convulsions decreased the afterdischarge threshold of the amygdala and enhanced the rate of development of electrical kindling without affecting the intensity of postictal refractoriness. On the other hand, 3 generalized kindled convulsions did not alter the flurothyl convulsive threshold. The data suggest that the influence of generalized convulsions on future seizure susceptibility may depend on the agents used to induce the convulsions. AUOkada R; Moshe SL ; Ono K; Albala BJ EM8601 IDNS 20253; NS 00042 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p103-8 MJAmygdaloid Body; Convulsions; Flurothyl; Kindling (Neurology) MNConvulsions /PP; Disease Susceptibility; Electric Stimulation; Pentylenetetrazole; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN66-81-9 (Cycloheximide) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001633 TIProtein synthesis requirement for the formation of synaptic elements. ABThe formation of synapses in cell cultures of rat cerebellum was examined in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. First, cell survival in the presence of 25 micrograms/ml cycloheximide was determined by phase contrast microscopy, trypan blue exclusion, total protein and uptake of [3H]gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Neurons with 24 h incubation in cycloheximide appeared normal with little cell death, but by 48 h incubation the first signs of cell death were found. Some viable neurons were still found in cultures incubated continuously in cycloheximide for 72 h. Normally, the number of synapses seen in cerebellar cultures with the electron microscope shows an increase during the first several weeks in culture. However, the number of synapses in cultures treated with cycloheximide decreased, indicating that inhibition of protein synthesis at least partially inhibited synaptogenesis. Cycloheximide also inhibited the maintenance of synapses already formed as seen by the decrease in the number of synapses from the time the cycloheximide was added. To determine the sensitivity of the forming presynaptic element to cycloheximide, the development of apparent presynaptic elements was investigated. In cultures treated with polylysine-coated sepharose beads, neurites grew and formed apparent presynaptic elements with the bead taking the position of the postsynaptic element. Cultures pretreated with cycloheximide for 1 h followed by 24 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads showed a normal number of apparent presynaptic elements. The first decrease in numbers was seen after 12 h preincubation and 12 h incubation with both cycloheximide and coated beads. Even after 72 h continuous incubation some apparent presynaptic elements could be formed although at reduced levels. Results presented here suggest that continuous protein synthesis is not necessary for the formation of the presynaptic element, but that active protein synthesis is required for neurons to form and maintain postsynaptic elements. AUBurry RW EM8601 IDNS-15894; NS-19961; NS-10165 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p109-19 MJCerebellum; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Synapses /PH MNCell Survival /DE; Cycloheximide /PD; Rats; Synapses /DE; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN113-79-1 (Argipressin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001634 TIMonoamine-induced responses in lateral septal neurons: influence of iontophoretically applied vasopressin. ABWe examined the effect of iontophoretically applied noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) on the spontaneous activity of lateral septal neurons in rats and subsequently investigated if the observed responses to these monoamines were altered in the presence of arginine8-vasopressin (AVP). NA, DA and 5-HT induced a depression of the spontaneous activity in 70% of the spontaneously active neurons on which they were tested. Of the remaining neurons the majority was not affected by the monoamines. The responding cells differed from the non-responding cells in their localization in those parts of the lateral septum where dense monoamine-containing terminal networks have been visualized and in their significantly lower spontaneous activity. The effect of AVP on monoamine-induced responses was tested in neurons in which the spontaneous activity was not affected by the peptide itself. It appeared that in about 30% of these neurons, monoamine-induced inhibitions were reduced in presence of the peptide whereas in the majority of the neurons responses to the monoamines were not markedly altered by AVP. In contrast to this rather low occurrence of a clear AVP-effect on the monoamine responses, the peptide enhanced excitatory responses to glutamate in more than 75% of neurons tested during the same experiments. It was concluded that under these experimental conditions the effect of AVP on excitatory amino acid neurotransmission is more pronounced than on responses to putative monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the lateral septum. AUJoels M ; Urban IJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p120-6 MJArgipressin; Biogenic Amines; Septum Pellucidum MNDopamine /PD; Drug Interactions; Glutamates /PD; Iontophoresis; Neural Transmission /DE; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats; Serotonin /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN135-07-9 (Methyclothiazide); 50-55-5 (Reserpine); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001635 TISpecific increase of hypothalamic alpha 1-adrenoceptors in spontaneously hypertensive rats: effect of hypotensive drug treatment. ABTo study potential central adrenoceptor alterations in the hypertension, we have determined alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta-adrenoceptors using [3H]WB4101, [3H]yohimbine and [3H]DHA in the brain regions of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP) and renal hypertensive rats. There was a significant increase in specific [3H]WB4101 binding only in the hypothalamus of SHR and SHRSP at 16-24 weeks of age compared to that of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Scatchard analysis revealed a 28-33% increase in the Bmax value for hypothalamic [3H]WB4101 binding without a change in the Kd value, suggesting a change in the receptor density. An increased density of alpha 1-adrenoceptors was consistently observed in the prehypertensive (5 weeks) and developmental (10 weeks) stages of spontaneous hypertension. In contrast, there was no alpha 1-adrenoceptor alteration in the hypothalamus of rats with renal hypertension. The receptor alteration in the SHRSP hypothalamus was not abolished by a chronic hypotensive treatment which prevented the development of hypertension, thereby suggesting that an increased density of the alpha 1-adrenoceptors in spontaneous hypertension does not occur secondarily to the elevation of blood pressure. The SHRSP hypothalamus showed significantly lowered levels of noradrenaline. There was no change in specific binding of [3H]yohimbine and [3H]DHA in the brain regions of SHRSP, except the brainstem which showed a significant decrease in the [3H]yohimbine binding. Thus, the present study suggests an important role for hypothalamic alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the pathogenesis of spontaneous hypertension. AUYamada S; Ishima T; Ashizawa N; Hayashi M; Tomita T; Hayashi E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p127-33 MJBrain Chemistry; Hypertension /ME; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNHydralazine /TU; Hypertension /ET /PC; Methyclothiazide /TU; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Reserpine /TU MTAnimal; Male RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 70-22-4 (Oxotremorine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001636 TISpontaneous muscarinic suppression of the Ca-activated K-current in bullfrog sympathetic neurons. ABNeurons in bullfrog sympathetic ganglia were voltage-clamped using a single microelectrode. A prolonged outward current which was identified as the Ca-activated K-current secondary to a transient Ca entry through voltage-operated channels was shortened by oxotremorine. An inward Ca-current was not significantly depressed by oxotremorine. It was suggested that muscarinic agonists accelerate the re-closure of K-channels either directly or secondarily via their effects on an intracellular sequestration process of Ca ions. It was also suggested that a small amount of acetylcholine only sufficient to cause a miniature synaptic current via nicotinic receptors could shorten the Ca-activated K-current via muscarinic receptors. AUTokimasa T EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p134-41 MJCalcium; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Ion Channels; Potassium; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCell Membrane Permeability; Membrane Potentials; Oxotremorine /PD; Rana Catesbeiana; Scopolamine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (delta receptor); 42084-81-1 (1-(1-(2-thienyl); 77-10-1 (Phencyclidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001637 TIQuantitative localization of [3H]TCP binding in rat brain by light microscopy autoradiography. ABThe anatomical localization of phencyclidine (PCP)/sigma-opiate receptors in rat brain was determined by quantitative light microscopy autoradiography using the new ligand N-(1-[2-thienyl]cyclohexyl) [3H]piperidine ([3H]TCP). TCP is a potent analog of PCP which possesses a higher affinity for PCP/sigma-opiate receptor than does PCP itself. The highest level of [3H]TCP binding was detected in the hippocampus. Intermediate levels were found in frontal cortex, striatum, amygdala and cerebellum. Specific [3H]TCP binding was undetectable in anterior commissure and corpus callosum. The distribution pattern of [3H]TCP binding sites is similar to the pattern obtained with [3H]PCP but more sharply defined. On the basis of its greater potency and specificity, [3H]TCP may prove superior to [3H]PCP as a molecular probe for the study of brain sigma opiate/phencyclidine receptors. AUSircar R; Zukin SR EM8601 IDDA-03383; MH14627-09 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p142-5 MJBrain; Phencyclidine; Receptors, Endorphin MNAutoradiography; Phencyclidine /ME; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001638 TICircannual variations of GABA content in cytosolic and crude synaptosomal fractions in some brain areas of the European hamster. ABIn the European hamster, Cricetus cricetus, a common hibernator, over a year, the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content has been followed, in the cytosolic and crude synaptosomal fractions of the olfactory bulbs, hypothalamus and cerebellum. In these 3 areas, the GABA content shows circannual variations of endogenous origin: in this period, in both fractions two peaks can be observed, at the beginning of spring and in autumn. These circannual variations do not follow the circannual variation of food intake or body weight. AUCiesielski L; Miro JL; Lorentz JG; Canguilhem B; Mandel P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p146-9 MJBrain Chemistry; GABA; Periodicity MNCerebellum /AN; Cytosol /AN; Hamsters; Hibernation; Hypothalamus /AN; Olfactory Bulb /AN; Seasons; Synaptosomes /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN61-82-5 (Amitrole); 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001639 TIOvershoot of oxygen pressure in post-hypoxic brain tissue: a re-evaluation. ABTissue oxygen pressure (ptO2) was measured with noble metal microelectrodes in hippocampal slices in vitro. During hypoxia, the ptO2 at 100 micron depth fell rapidly to less than 20 mm Hg. During reoxygenation, large transient ptO2 increases above normoxic values were observed. These data demonstrate that ptO2 'overshoots' occur independently of in situ posthypoxic hyperemia and may reflect pathologic chemical reactions in brain tissue during reoxygenation. AUSchiff SJ; Somjen GG EM8601 IDNS 18670 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p150-3 MJCerebral Anoxia; Hippocampus; Oxygen MNAmitrole /DU; Hydrogen Peroxide /ME; Partial Pressure; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001640 TIBehavioural responses to electrical stimulation of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the cat. ABElectrical stimulation of the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) significantly reduced both the lever-pressing rate for substantia nigra self-stimulation and the food-consumption in food-deprived cats. In a shuttle box the cats showed no tendency toward shuttling in response to NTS stimulations with randomly varied stimulus intensities. In contrast with these effects, stimulation to nucleus reticularis paramedianus yielded an aversive effect. AUAngyan L EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p154-7 MJBehavior, Animal; Medulla Oblongata MNAvoidance Learning /PH; Brain Mapping; Cats; Electric Stimulation; Feeding Behavior /PH; Reticular Formation /PH; Self Stimulation /PH; Substantia Nigra /PH MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 31363-74-3 (5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 66711-21-5 (4-aminoclonidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001641 TIRegulation of central alpha-adrenoceptors by serotoninergic denervation. ABAlpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors were assessed by binding studies using [3H]prazosin and [3H]p-aminoclonidine as ligands in membrane preparations from the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus of rats, 3 weeks after intracerebroventricular injection of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Cortical alpha 1 and hippocampal alpha 2 adrenoceptors were significantly increased. Treatment also affected the affinity of cortical alpha 2 adrenoceptors. These results suggest a heterologous, region-specific regulation of both subtypes of central alpha-adrenergic receptors by serotonin. AURappaport A; Sturtz F; Guicheney P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p158-61 MJBrain; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Serotonin MN5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine /PD; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Clonidine /AA /ME; Hippocampus /PH; Hypothalamus /PH; Prazosin /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001642 TI1H-NMR spectra of rat synaptic plasma membranes: effect of temperature and comparison with fluorescence polarization. AB1H-NMR spectra of rat synaptic plasma membranes obtained over the temperature range of 24-46 degrees C are presented. The data illustrate that a transition occurs from a more ordered to less ordered state at approximately 37 degrees C. This phenomenon was not related to using D2O as the solvent and was replicated, although with less sensitivity, using fluorescence polarization methodology. AUKreishman GP; Hitzemann RJ EM8601 IDMH-37377 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p162-6 MJBrain; Synaptic Membranes MNBiophysics; Fluorescence Polarization; Fourier Analysis; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Rats; Temperature MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001643 TISelective labeling of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B binding sites in bovine brain. ABDrug interactions with serotonin(1A) 5-HT1A and serotonin(1B) (5-HT1B) binding sites were analyzed in bovine brain membranes. 5-HT1A binding sites were directly labeled with [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) in bovine hippocampal membranes. 5-HT1B binding sites were labeled by [3H]5-HT in bovine striatal membranes where less than 15% of specific binding sites are sensitive to nanomolar concentrations of 8-OH-DPAT. Each of the 12 agents tested was more potent at the 5-HT1A than 5-HT1B binding site. 5-HT, bufotenine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and quipazine were only slightly more potent at the 5-HT1A binding site. By contrast, 8-OH-DPAT, TVX Q 7821 and buspirone were significantly more potent at [3H]8-OH-DPAT binding sites in bovine hippocampus than at [3H]5-HT binding sites in bovine striatum. These findings suggest that 5-HT1A, and 5-HT1B binding sites have distinct pharmacological profiles and can be directly labeled with appropriate [3H]ligands in specific brain regions. AUPeroutka SJ EM8601 IDRR5353-23 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p167-71 MJBrain Chemistry; Receptors, Serotonin MNCattle; Corpus Striatum /AN; Hippocampus /AN; Ligands; Membranes /AN; Radioligand Assay MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-85-2 (Testosterone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001644 TILack of sexual dimorphism in steroid accumulation in vocal control brain regions of duetting song birds. ABTritiated testosterone was injected into bay wrens (Thryothorus nigricapillus), a neotropical species in which the female sings a complex song in intricately timed vocal duets with males. Autoradiographic analysis indicated that male and female wrens have the same proportion of cells labeled by testosterone or its metabolites in two brain regions involved in song: the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc) and the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (MAN). This contrasts with the zebra finch, a species in which only the males sing: a considerably greater proportion of male zebra finch cells in HVc and MAN are labeled than in females. This suggests that female birds that produce complex vocalizations have evolved neural song control systems that are extremely similar to those of males in steroid hormone sensitivity. AUBrenowitz EA; Arnold AP EM8601 IDNS 19645; NS07134-01; MH 15795-03 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p172-5 MJBirds; Brain; Testosterone; Vocalization, Animal MNAutoradiography; Sex Characteristics MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001645 TIGABA activates different types of chloride-conducting receptor-ionophore complexes in a dose-dependent manner. ABWe report here evidence for 3 new subtypes (alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta) of type-A GABA receptor-channel complexes that conduct chloride ions. The chloride current, ICl, was isolated in the frog sensory neuron by a combination of voltage clamp and internal perfusion. Analysis of the variance of GABA-induced ICl fluctuations shows that the channel population N decreases exponentially with single-channel conductance gamma in such a way that alpha 2 less than alpha 1 less than beta for gamma and alpha 2 much greater than alpha 1 greater than beta for N, and that the population-rank plot fits Zipf's law. Various aspects of the GABA-induced ICl are understood from dose-dependent activation and inactivation of these functionally distinct receptor-channel types. The steady-state ICl is mediated by alpha 1 at low but by beta units at high GABA concentrations, and the pronounced ICl peak at intermediate and high doses reflects the desensitization of alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors, respectively. Picrotoxin blocks alpha 1 and alpha 2 and has no effect on beta channels. Patch-clamp recordings indicate two distinct classes of GABA-gated chloride conductances that appear to correspond to the alpha 1 and beta types. The presence of these different ICl components explains why the dose-response relationship cannot be fitted well by a single Hill equation; the fitting requires a synthesis of 3 suitable Hill equations. AUYasui S; Ishizuka S; Akaike N EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p176-80 MJChlorides; GABA; Ion Channels; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /DE MNGanglia, Spinal /DE; Picrotoxin /PD; Rana Catesbeiana; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /AN MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001646 TIModulation of neostriatal activity by iontophoresis of ascorbic acid. ABIontophoresis (20-80 nA) of ascorbic acid (AA) accelerated the firing rate of approximately one-third of the neurons tested in the anteromedial neostriatum of anesthetized rats. When administered to neostriatal neurons that were activated by the simultaneous ejection of glutamic acid (GLU), AA excited more than two-thirds of the cells examined, including many that were not excited by AA alone. At ejection currents above 80 nA, AA further increased the activity of some GLU-activated neurons, but suppressed the firing rate of others. Electrochemical quantification of AA ejection during iontophoresis indicated that the concentration of AA at the tip of the recording electrode was within reasonable physiological limits. It is concluded that endogenous AA may modulate neuronal activity in the neostriatum. AUGardiner TW; Armstrong-James M; Caan AW; Wightman RM; Rebec GV EM8601 IDDA02451; NS15841 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p181-5 MJAscorbic Acid; Corpus Striatum MNDrug Synergism; Glutamates /PD; Iontophoresis; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-99-7 (Glucose); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001647 TIThe relationship between cortical electrical activity and regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate in rats exposed to 3 atmospheres absolute oxygen. ABThe regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRgl) was autoradiographically measured in conscious rats during 180-210 min of exposure to 3 atmospheres absolute oxygen (ATA O2), 3 ATA N2-O2 normoxia and air at 1 ATA. The exposure time and oxygen pressure in the present study were purposely matched to a parallel project in human subjects. The electrocorticogram (ECoG) was continuously recorded throughout the exposure. According to the ECoG responses, the oxygen-exposed rats fell into two categories: 'resistant' ones, those without changes in ECoG throughout the exposure; and 'sensitive' rats, those with changes in EcoG before or during the rCMRgl measurements. The observed ECoG changes were increased slow wave activity in the delta range, which was in some cases followed by paroxysmal electrical discharges. No changes in rCMRgl were observed in oxygen-exposed 'resistant' rats as compared to air breathing or N2-O2 normoxic rats at 3 ATA. However, in the 'sensitive' rats there were increases in rCMRgl in 8 of the 28 neuroanatomical structures examined as compared to the air breathing and 3 ATA normoxic controls. It is concluded that the increase in rCMRgl are related to the onset of the oxygen-induced preconvulsive changes in ECoG. AUTorbati D; Lambertsen CJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p186-90 MJBrain; Cerebral Cortex; Glucose; Oxygen MNConvulsions /ET /PP; Electroencephalography; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001651 TICat carotid bodies reinnervated by normal or foreign nerves. ABThe carotid body of the cat was reinnervated with either its native nerve, the carotid sinus nerve (CSN, re-anastomosis), or a foreign nerve, the lingual branch of the IXth cranial nerve (LN, cross-anastomosis). In both types of preparations, regenerating axons from the LN or CSN readily penetrated carotid body parenchymal tissue, as demonstrated by axoplasmic transport of radiolabeled material from the petrosal (sensory) ganglion. Electron microscopy revealed nearly normal fiber invasion into lobules of glomus (type I) and sustentacular (type II) cells following reinnervation by either the foreign or native nerve. However, while the regenerated CSN fibers formed a normal complement of specialized axon terminals in contact with type I cells, the incidence of such terminals in LN reinnervated carotid bodies was reduced by over 90% (2-19 months survival time). This low incidence of specialized LN endings was correlated with reductions in the magnitude of the chemosensory discharge elicited in these preparations by asphyxia, NaCN or acetylcholine. These data suggest that chemosensitivity depends upon intimate association between glomus cells and afferent nerve endings; and that the ability to form such contacts may reside in particular axons whose incidence is higher in the CSN than in the LN. AUDinger B; Stensaas LJ; Fidone SJ EM8601 IDNS12636; NS07938 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p21-32 MJCarotid Body; Glossopharyngeal Nerve MNAxoplasmic Flow; Carotid Body /UL; Cats; Lingual Nerve /PH; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Regeneration MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 1961-77-9 (Chlormadinone); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001652 TIEffects of mammalian brain extracts and chlormadinone acetate on neuronal Na+,K+-ATPase and electrogenic Na+,K+-pump activity in vitro. ABAcid-acetone extracts of brain (from beef and guinea pig) and chlormadinone acetate (CMA) were compared with ouabain for their ability to inhibit the electrogenic Na+,K+-pump and the Na+,K+-ATPase of neuronal tissues. The membrane potential of neurones in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion of the bullfrog was recorded in K+-free Ringer's solution by means of the sucrose gap technique. The potassium activated hyperpolarization (K+H), induced by the re-introduction of potassium, was used as an index of electrogenic Na+, K+-pumping. The K+H was blocked by 1 microM ouabain. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was measured in microsomal membrane preparations of frog and beef brain using a continuous spectrophotometric assay. Although ouabain consistently inhibited beef brain Na+,K+-ATPase (IC50 = 2.2 microM), acid-acetone extracts prepared from guinea pig and beef brain produced only partial inhibition. Neither of the extracts significantly reduced the K+H of the frog ganglion. CMA inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase prepared from bullfrog brain and spinal cord with slightly greater potency (IC50 = 4.5 microM) than did ouabain (IC50 = 10 microM). In contrast, electrogenic Na+,K+-pumping (i.e. the K+H) in the frog ganglion was not affected by this steroid. It is concluded that although both the extracts and CMA inhibited Na+,K+-ATPase, neither can be considered ouabain-like due to their failure to affect the electrogenic Na+,K+-pump in situ. AURafuse PE; Almeida AF; Kwan SF; Smith PA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p33-40 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Brain Chemistry; Chlormadinone; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Ouabain MNGanglia, Sympathetic /EN; Rana Catesbeiana MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001653 TITransneuronal transport of lectins. ABAxonal and transneuronal transport of the plant lectins wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Concanavalin A agglutinin (Con A), and Ulex europeus agglutinin (UEA) were examined and compared using an immunocytochemical staining method. WGA, which binds to N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid carbohydrate residues, and the 3 mannose binding lectins (Con A, PSA and LCA) were found to undergo retrograde transport to the facial nucleus after injection into the facial muscles, and anterograde transport to the optic tectum after injection in the vitreous, and to the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis after injection into the mystatial vibrissae. SBA showed a slight tendency to be transported retrogradely, but not in the anterograde direction, whereas UEA and PNA were not axonally transported in any of these systems. All lectins which were transported in the anterograde direction labeled neuronal somata in their respective terminal fields indicating that transneuronal transport had taken place. Axonal and transneuronal transport of the lectins appears to be dependent upon their respective carbohydrate affinities. Transneuronal transport which can be demonstrated for certain lectins indicates that mechanisms exist whereby neurons exchange large molecules which could be involved in mediating trophic and other influences on target cells. AUFabian RH; Coulter JD EM8601 IDNS 12481; NS 11255 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p41-8 MJLectins; Nervous System MNAxoplasmic Flow; Cell Membrane Permeability; Immunoenzyme Technics; Maxillary Nerve /ME; Rats; Retinal Ganglion Cells /ME; Superior Colliculus /ME; Synaptic Membranes /ME; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001654 TIA reappraisal of rat motor cortex organization by intracortical microstimulation. ABThe organization of the motor cortex was reinvestigated with intracortical microstimulation, in light-anaesthetized (ketamine) rats. A posterolateral (PL) vibrissae area was found in addition to the rostral one, and blinks of the contralateral eyelids were elicited from a part of this PL area. Several cortical representations such as neck or tail were largely overlapping with neighbouring areas. Vegetative effects (mainly myosis and swallowing) were obtained from a medial cortical strip. Within the PL vibrissae area, a topical arrangement related to the vibrissal rows was observed, whereas in the leg areas, no individual representation of muscles could be evidenced. These results are compared with the maps previously published, and discussed in terms of specificity, musculotopy and overlapping of motor areas. AUGioanni Y; Lamarche M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p49-61 MJMotor Cortex MNBrain Mapping; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RNEC 1.13. (Oxygenases); EC 1.13.11.20 (cysteine dioxygenase); EC 4.1.1. (Carboxy-Lyases); EC 4.1.1.29 (cysteine sulphinate decarboxylase); 107-35-7 (Taurine); 13100-82-8 (Cysteic Acid); 2381-08-0 (cysteine sulfinic acid); 350-03-8 (3-acetylpyridine); 4371-52-2 (Cysteine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001655 TIRegulatory role of cysteine dioxygenase in cerebral biosynthesis of taurine. Analysis using cerebellum from 3-acetylpyridine-treated rat. ABThe effect of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) administration on the biosynthesis of taurine in the rat brain has been studied. Treatment with 3-AP induced a significant decrease in the cerebellar contents of taurine and its metabolic precursors, cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA) and cysteic acid (CA), as well as a selective degeneration of climbing fibers in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. It was found that the activity of cerebral cysteine dioxygenase, the enzyme catalyzing the formation of CSA from cysteine, consisted of two systems with low and high Km values. The 3-AP-induced attenuation of cysteine dioxygenase activity with a low Km value was noted only in the cerebellum, while that with a high Km value was detected not only in the cerebellum but also in other brain areas such as the medulla oblongata, striatum and cerebral cortex. In contrast, no alteration in the activity of cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSD) was observed in any brain areas examined following the administration of 3-AP. Furthermore, it was found that essentially no cystamine as well as a very low activity of cysteamine dioxygenase is present in the brain. The present results suggest that taurine in the brain is synthesized from cysteine, mainly by the CSA and CA pathways, and the observed decline of cerebellar taurine in 3-AP-treated rats may be due to an attenuation of the biosynthesis, possibly at the step of cysteine dioxygenase. A possible regulatory role of cysteine dioxygenase with a low Km value in the biosynthesis of cerebral taurine is also suggested. AUIda S; Ohkuma S; Kimori M; Kuriyama K; Morimoto N; Ibata Y EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p62-9 MJCerebellum; Oxygenases; Pyridines; Taurine MNBrain Chemistry /DE; Carboxy-Lyases /ME; Cysteic Acid /AN; Cysteine /AA /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001656 TIAscending reticular activating system in the rat: a 2-deoxyglucose study. ABThe autoradiographic [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) method was used to map ascending pathways which are influenced by arousing electrical stimulation of the midbrain reticular formation (RET) in alert rats. The major finding was that RET stimulation produces selective patterns of metabolic activation and suppression in discrete brain regions. The regions activated were limited to specific intralaminar, medial and anterior thalamic nuclei, and to the entire auditory system. Conversely, a large suppression of 2-DG uptake was observed in most of the cerebral cortex, limbic and extrapyramidal structures, whereas at the same time some brain regions were left unaffected. Striking similarities were found between the functional pathways affected differentially by RET stimulation and well-defined cholinergic pathways which originate in the midbrain tegmentum. Structures which showed metabolic activation are part of the dorsal cholinergic pathway, whereas the regions suppressed are part of the ventral cholinergic pathway and its higher-order projections. The results support the conclusion that cholinergic pathways represent the thalamic and extrathalamic divisions of the reticular activating system. Our observations provide the first anatomical demonstration that RET stimulation has widespread and differential effects on cerebral metabolism. They also support the concept that arousing electrocortical desynchronization involves reticular activation of thalamocortical neurons, which in turn have widespread suppressive influences on cortical metabolism. AUGonzalez-Lima F; Scheich H EM8601 IDMBRS-RR08067 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p70-88 MJArousal; Mesencephalon; Reticular Formation MNAfferent Pathways /PH; Auditory Pathways /PH; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Deoxyglucose /ME; Electric Stimulation; Limbic System /PH; Rats; Thalamic Nuclei /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN19216-56-9 (Prazosin); 4205-90-7 (Clonidine); 50-76-0 (Dactinomycin); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 59-96-1 (Phenoxybenzamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001657 TIThe effects of phenoxybenzamine on specific binding and function of central alpha-adrenoceptors in the rabbit. ABWe have studied the effects of phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist on the binding of the alpha-adrenoceptor ligands [3H]prazosin and [3H]clonidine to rabbit brain membranes. Where possible changes in binding were related to changes in central alpha-adrenoceptor function. Phenoxybenzamine showed a similar alpha 1/alpha 2-adrenoceptor selectivity in the brain to that previously reported in the periphery. Much higher doses were required to reduce specific clonidine binding and to interfere with the hypotensive response to intracisternal clonidine than to reduce specific prazosin binding. Recovery of binding site number of both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor selective ligands was slower than in peripheral tissues (heart and spleen). Recovery was log linear and the half time (t1/2) for recovery of the maximum number of specific prazosin and clonidine binding sites in forebrain was 10.8 +/- 2.6 days and 6.1 +/- 0.1 days and in hindbrain 13.3 +/- 3.1 days and 4.6 +/- 1.8 days, respectively. t1/2 for recovery of the in vivo hypotensive response to intracisternal clonidine was 2.7 +/- 1.0 days. Recovery of this response was attenuated by treatment with the inhibitor of protein synthesis, 5-fluorouracil. This suggests that recovery after phenoxybenzamine in brain, as in the periphery, may depend at least in part on synthesis of new receptor protein. The recovery of brain adrenoceptor number after phenoxybenzamine may be an index of receptor turnover and is much slower in brain than in heart and spleen. AUHamilton CA; Reid JL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p89-95 MJBrain; Phenoxybenzamine; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNClonidine /ME; Dactinomycin /PD; Drug Interactions; Fluorouracil /PD; Prazosin /ME; Rabbits MTAnimal; Male RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001658 TIBehavioral study after local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the nucleus accumbens in the rat. ABAnatomically, the nucleus accumbens (n.Acc.) has been considered as an interface between limbic and striatal sensorimotor structures. In the light of this hypothesis we have investigated the behavioral effects of destruction of the dopaminergic innervation of the n.Acc. after local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The following behavioral deficits were observed: hypoexploration in a 4-hole box and 2-compartment field, failure to inhibit response strategies either with positive reinforcement in a straight alley test or negative reinforcement in a passive avoidance test. These disturbances comprise a syndrome of perseveration, reduced distraction by irrelevant information, decreased behavioral switching and flexibility, and a paradoxical locomotor disinhibition in an emotional context. Very similar behavioral changes are found following lesions of limbic structures. In addition, these lesioned animals exhibit an enhanced latency to initiate motor responses. This deficit of behavioral initiation is classically observed in motor striatal disease. It is suggested that the n.Acc. is a key structure for the integration of limbic and striatal sensorimotor functions. AUTaghzouti K; Simon H; Louilot A; Herman JP; Le Moal M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p9-20 MJBehavior, Animal; Dopamine /PH; Hydroxydopamines; Nucleus Accumbens; Septal Nuclei MNAvoidance Learning /DE; Dopamine /AN; Exploratory Behavior /DE; Extinction (Psychology) /DE; Motor Activity /DE; Nucleus Accumbens /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN1001-13-4 (homocysteic acid); 17833-53-3 (N-methylaspartate); 454-28-4 (Homocysteine); 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 52809-07-1 (quisqualic acid); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001659 TIEffects of bath-applied excitatory amino acids and their analogs on spinal interneurons of the lamprey. ABDepolarizations, conductance increases and time courses of the responses to bath application of glutamate, aspartate, DL-homocysteate, N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMDLA), quisqualate and kainate were determined in interneurons of the isolated spinal cord of the lamprey, one of the most primitive vertebrates. Conductance increases produced by these excitants in perfusate containing tetrodotoxin (0.5 microgram/ml), 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) and without Ca2+ were very small in comparison with those produced by glycine or GABA. NMDLA-induced depolarizations were associated with conductance decreases and rhythmic oscillations in membrane potentials in this perfusate. Quisqualate was strongest among these amino acids in producing depolarizations and conductance increases. Responses induced by analogs were slower than those produced by glutamate and aspartate. Phylogenetic distribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors on neurons and muscles is discussed. AUHomma S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 30 1985, 344(1) p96-102 MJAmino Acids; Cyclostomes; Lampreys; Spinal Cord MNAspartic Acid /AA /PD; Glutamates /PD; Glycine /PD; Homocysteine /AA /PD; Interneurons /DE; Kainic Acid /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Oxadiazoles /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro RN102-32-9 (3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001660 TILate changes in cerebral monoamine metabolism following focal ventrolateral cerebrocortical lesions in rats. ABTwelve weeks after focal ventrolateral cerebrocortical suction lesions (ca. 12 X 4 mm) were made in rats, concentrations of the monoamines norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites were measured in several cortical and subcortical brain regions using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Widespread changes in the concentrations of monoamines, their metabolites, and metabolite:monoamine ratios were found in the hemisphere ipsilateral to unilateral (right) lesions, and bilaterally in animals with bilateral lesions. NE was decreased in undamaged dorsolateral cortex and hippocampus, and tended to be increased in striatum and midbrain ipsilateral to lesions. DA was increased in the hypothalamus of bilaterally lesioned animals, and also tended to be increased in striatum and midbrain. The changes of greatest magnitude and anatomical extent were found in the serotonin system: 5-HT was generally increased, and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and the 5-HIAA:5-HT ratio were decreased throughout the cerebral hemispheres ipsilateral to lesions. These widespread changes in cerebral 5-HT metabolism were qualitatively different and smaller than those previously found at 6 days after cortical lesions, and suggest a biphasic response of the ipsilateral 5-HT system to ventrolateral cortical injury. AUFinklestein S; Campbell A; Baldessarini RJ; Moya KL; Haber SN EM8601 IDMH-31154; MH-47370 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p205-10 MJBiogenic Amines; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex MN3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid /AN; Dopamine /AN; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Norepinephrine /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-34-3 (Scopolamine); 6581-06-2 (Quinuclidinyl Benzilate); 7439-93-2 (Lithium); 92-13-7 (Pilocarpine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001661 TIEffect of chronic lithium on cholinergically mediated responses and [3H]QNB binding in rat brain. ABLithium (Li) has been previously reported to increase acetylcholine turnover and release in rat brain and to potentiate the neurotoxicity of cholinergic agents. We studied the effect of chronic Li administration, alone and in combination with the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, on two cholinergically-mediated responses and on muscarinic cholinergic receptor (MCR) binding in rat brain. Administered separately, Li and scopolamine enhanced the cataleptic and hypothermic responses to pilocarpine; combined administration resulted in an additive effect on both these measures. [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding was increased by Li in the corpus striatum but not in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Scopolamine increased [3H]QNB binding in the striatum, cortex and hippocampus; Li and scopolamine effects on striatal MCR were not additive. Contrary to a previous report, antagonist-induced MCR supersensitivity was not prevented by concurrent Li administration in any of the brain areas studied. The additive effect of Li and scopolamine on pilocarpine-induced catalepsy and a trend in this direction for pilocarpine-induced hypothermia suggest that the actions of the two agents to enhance cholinergically mediated responses may be achieved by different mechanisms. Supersensitive responses following scopolamine may be attributed to antagonist-induced up-regulation of postsynaptic muscarinic receptors as demonstrated in the binding studies. The effects of Li to enhance cholinergically-mediated catalepsy and hypothermia are interpreted as extending previous reports that Li stimulates brain cholinergic function by a presynaptic increase in acetylcholine turnover and release. AULerer B; Stanley M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p211-9 MJBrain; Catalepsy; Hypothermia, Induced; Lithium /PD; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCholinergic Fibers /DE; Lithium /AD; Pilocarpine /AD; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Scopolamine /AD MTAnimal; Male RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001662 TIATP-dependent [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by bovine adrenal chromaffin granule membrane. ABUptake of [3H]Met-enkephalin by purified chromaffin granule membrane isolated from bovine adrenal medulla was investigated. Addition of a single divalent cation, such as Mg2+ or Ca2+, did not affect the uptake. The presence of 3 mM ATP in the incubation medium stimulated the uptake to two times that of the control. The same stimulation effect was also found in the presence of ATP plus a single divalent cation. The ATP-dependent uptake reached its half-maximal level within 5 min after initiation of the reaction at 25 degrees C, and reached a plateau within 10 min. The apparent Km for [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by the chromaffin granule membrane was about 2.3 X 10(-6) M. GTP, CTP, UTP and ADP did not stimulate enkephalin uptake. Several calcium inhibitors such as trifluoperazine, verapamil and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octylester (TMB-8) markedly inhibited enkephalin uptake. The inhibition exceeded 80%, although these chemicals inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity in chromaffin granule membrane only 30% under the same conditions. Ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), at 3 mM also inhibited uptake about 30%. The results indicate that uptake of Met-enkephalin by chromaffin granule membrane ghosts was driven not only by ATPase activity, but also by some other Ca2+-ATP-mediated mechanism(s). AUTakeda F; Takeda M; Shimada A; Konno K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p220-6 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Adrenal Medulla; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Enkephalin, Methionine MNCalcium Channel Blockers /PD; Cattle; Caudate Nucleus /ME; Intracellular Membranes /ME; Nucleotides /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001663 TILocalization of the spinal accessory motoneurons in the cervical cord in connection with the phrenic nucleus: an HRP study in cats. ABThe localization of the spinal accessory motoneurons (SAMNs) that innervate the accessory respiratory muscles, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and trapezius (TP) muscles, was identified in the cat using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. In the cases of HRP bathing of the transected spinal accessory nerve (SAN), HRP-labeled motoneurons were observed ipsilaterally from the C1 to the rostral C6 segments of the spinal cord. Labeled neurons were located principally in the medial and central regions of the dorsomedial cell column of the ventral horn in the C1 segment, in the lateral region of the ventrolateral cell column in the C2-C4 segments, between the ventrolateral and ventromedial cell columns in the C5 segment and in the lateral region of the ventromedial cell column in the C6 segment. In the cases of HRP injection into either SCM or TP muscles, labeled SCM motoneurons were found in the C1-C3 segments of the spinal cord and labeled TP motoneurons were chiefly localized more caudally within the spinal accessory nucleus. The present study revealed that, in the C5 and C6 segments, the SAMNs have a very similar topographic localization to the phrenic nucleus in the ventral horn. This finding implicated the functional linkage of the SAMNs with the phrenic motoneurons in particular types of respiration. AUSatomi H; Takahashi K; Aoki M; Kasaba T; Kurosawa Y; Otsuka K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p227-30 MJAccessory Nerve; Muscles; Neck Muscles; Phrenic Nerve; Spinal Cord MNAccessory Nerve /CY; Anterior Horn Cells; Cats; Neck Muscles /PH; Phrenic Nerve /CY; Respiration MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001664 TINeuronal damage in the rat retina after chronic stress. ABLong-term exposure to escapable foot shock has been used to determine if chronic stress influences neuronal cell death in the retina of albino and pigmented rats. Histopathologic and morphometric approaches analyzed changes in photoreceptors and neurons of the bipolar and ganglion cell layers of the retina. Albino Fischer rats when exposed to chronic stress for 4-8 h daily for 1 week to 6 months, developed severe retinal damage, as compared to unstressed control retinas, with reduction in photoreceptor and bipolar neurons, particularly in the superior central retina. The damage was observed in male and female rats, but males appeared to be more susceptible to the influence of stress than female animals. Ganglion cells were unaffected. Photoreceptor destruction did not occur in Long-Evans pigmented rats under identical experimental conditions. The results suggest that: input of the sensory stimulus, light, to the retina of stressed rats augmented neuronal damage and might be required for its initiation; and hormones and/or neurotransmitters associated with long-term chronic stress might be related to increased neuronal cell death in the mammalian retina. AUO'Steen WK; Brodish A EM8601 IDEY0 2359; P01-AG0-4207 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p231-9 MJRetina; Stress /PA MNAlbinism /CO; Cell Survival; Chronic Disease; Light /AE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Rods and Cones /PA; Sex Factors; Stress /CO MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN302-17-0 (Chloral Hydrate); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001665 TILocus coeruleus unit activity in freely moving cats is increased following systemic morphine administration. ABContrary to previous reports of morphine's depression of locus coeruleus (LC) unit activity in anesthetized animals, acute administration of morphine (0.5, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg, i.p.) did not decrease the unit activity of noradrenergic neurons in the area of the LC of freely moving cats. In fact at the higher doses examined (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) morphine significantly increased unit activity. Naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) administration reversed the increase in unit activity produced by morphine. When these same studies were conducted in cats first anesthetized with chloral hydrate, morphine produced a significant decrease in unit activity in a naloxone-reversible manner. These results suggest that previous reports of systemic morphine's depression of LC unit activity may be at least partially attributable to an interaction with anesthesia. Morphine's multiplicity of actions upon the LC is discussed. AURasmussen K; Jacobs BL EM8601 IDMH23433 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p240-8 MJLocus Coeruleus; Morphine MNAdrenergic Fibers /DE; Anesthesia, General; Cats; Chloral Hydrate; Naloxone /PD; Rats; Species Specificity; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001666 TIChemotaxis of rat brain astrocytes to platelet derived growth factor. ABUsing a purified population of rat brain astrocytes prepared from neonatal cortex, we investigated the chemotaxis of astroglia to several well characterized growth factors. Chemotactic activity for astrocytes was found for the platelet derived growth factor with a half maximal response occurring at 0.5 ng/ml as compared with a value of 2-3 ng/ml obtained for NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in control experiments. Other growth factors including epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and insulin were inactive as chemoattractants. Affinity purified fibronectin was also found to stimulate the migration of astroglia, with half maximal doses of approximately 1 microgram/ml relative to maximal responses to platelet derived growth factor. AUBressler JP; Grotendorst GR; Levitov C; Hjelmeland LM EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p249-54 MJAstrocytes /PH; Chemotaxis; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor MNAstrocytes /ME; Cells, Cultured; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone; Fibroblast Growth Factor; Fibronectins; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein /ME; Insulin; Nerve Growth Factors; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001667 TIGlial and axonal development in optic nerve of myelin deficient rat mutant. ABDevelopment of glial cell lines and axons is reported for the optic nerve of the myelin deficient rat mutant, md, 3-46 days postnatally. In mutants, optic nerves do not increase in area after 16 days of age whereas, in normal rats, they enlarge through 46 days of postnatal life. The density of glial cells, determined in cross-sections, is similar in md and normal littermates through 19 days postnatally. Thereafter, glial densities are greater in the mutant. Nonetheless, total glial counts are reduced in md as compared to the normal, because cross-sectional areas and lengths of mutant nerve 30-46 days after birth are smaller than those of age-matched, normal littermates. Differential counts of glial cells, made by ultrastructural criteria, show that md optic nerves contain abnormal, vacuolated, immature oligodendroglia from the third postnatal day. Furthermore, oligodendrocytes are reduced in number in older mutants; they constitute 1% of optic nerve neuroglia at 46 days. Astrocytic numbers are increased in relative, not in absolute, terms from 19 days, and microglial numbers are greater than normal in the oldest mutants. Reactive microglia, containing large cytoplasmic lipid droplets, constitute 4-8% of the glia of md nerve 19-46 days postnatally. Mean axonal areas are similar in normal rats and mutants at 19 and 43-46 days of age. However, mitochondrial density is greater in md axons 19 days after birth and mean areas of axonal mitochondria are significantly larger in 43-46 day mutants than in age-matched, normal littermates. Additionally, the percent area of axoplasm occupied by mitochondria is increased in md at both 19 and 43-46 days of age. The myelination defect in md appears to be due primarily to an oligodendroglial abnormality which precedes the normal age of onset of myelination. Astrocytic and microglial changes are secondary. Axonal enlargement proceeds normally over 46 days of postnatal life. Overall, the data do not provide definitive support for an axonal basis for the myelination defect, although measurable differences in axonal mitochondria between mutants and normals are demonstrable and qualitative abnormalities do occur in the axons of the mutant. AUDentinger MP; Barron KD; Csiza CK EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p255-66 MJNeuroglia; Optic Nerve MNAge Factors; Axons /UL; Cell Count; Microscopy, Electron; Myelin Sheath /UL; Neuroglia /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Mutant Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001668 TILoss and displacement of ganglion cells after optic nerve regeneration in adult Rana pipiens. ABAfter studying pathway selection in the brain of Rana pipiens during unilateral optic nerve regeneration, several frogs were allowed to survive for lengthy periods for use in the present investigation. Retina flat-mounts were prepared from both eyes at 42-50 weeks postoperation. In some cases, HRP was infiltrated into both optic nerves prior to sacrifice to assist in identifying retinal ganglion cells. All specimens showed reduced cell-densities in the ganglion cell layer of the eye that had sustained the nerve regeneration. In addition, many ganglion cells were displaced, abnormally, into the inner plexiform layer, and the normally-situated cells formed irregular bands and islands in some parts of the retina. Cell-counts showed an apparently time-related change in neuron number ranging from a loss of 41% compared with the unaffected eye at 42 weeks, to losses as great as 71% at 50 weeks. The probable number of displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer, assumed to be unaffected by the experiment, was estimated at a maximum of 16%. Possible factors underlying the loss and displacement of ganglion cells are discussed. AUScalia F; Arango V; Singman EL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p267-80 MJNerve Regeneration; Optic Nerve /PH; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retina /PH MNCell Count; Cell Survival; Optic Nerve /IN; Rana Pipiens; Retina /CY MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001669 TILaser-induced somatosensory evoked potentials: evidence of photosensitivity in peripheral nerves. ABIrradiation of the skin overlying the median nerve at the wrist in humans with a low power (1 mW; 632.5 nm) helium-neon laser produced a somatosensory evoked potential obtained at Erb's point. This evoked potential had a latency equal to that observed after electrical stimulation of the same nerve. Prolonged exposure to laser (20 min, 3.1 Hz) resulted in a large (10-90%) decrease in the amplitude of the electrical evoked potential. Since this laser produces no detectable thermal change, the results imply that photochemical reactions alter neuronal activity. AUWalker JB; Akhanjee LK EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p281-5 MJEvoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Lasers; Nervous System; Skin /RE MNAdult; Electric Stimulation; Median Nerve /PH; Photochemistry; Reaction Time /PH; Skin /IR MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001670 TIRetinal GABA neurons: localization in vertebrate species using an antiserum to rabbit brain glutamate decarboxylase. ABRetinal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons have been localized immunocytochemically using a new antiserum against rabbit brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). The animals examined were: dogfish, ratfish, goldfish, catfish, turtle, chick, mouse, rat, pig, rabbit, cat and New World monkey. GAD-containing processes, observed as punctate deposits of immunochemical reaction product, formed discrete bands within the inner plexiform layers of all retinas examined. Immunoreactive, and therefore presumably GABAergic, amacrine cells were observed in all species. Displaced GABAergic amacrine cells were observed in the retinas of goldfish, catfish, turtle and chick, and sparsely in the rabbit as well. GABAergic horizontal cells were detected in catfish, goldfish, chick and turtle. Interplexiform cells in the cat and the rat were clearly immunoreactive for glutamate decarboxylase; this is the first report of GABAergic interplexiform cells in the rat. AUBrandon C EM8601 IDEY-03886 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p286-95 MJGlutamate Decarboxylase; Retina /EN MNCats; Chickens; Dogfish; Fishes; GABA /PH; Immunoenzyme Technics; Macaca fascicularis; Mice; Neural Transmission; Neurons /CY; Rabbits; Rats; Retina /CY; Species Specificity; Swine; Turtles MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001671 TIInduction of epileptiform activity in hippocampal slices by trains of electrical stimuli. ABIn this paper we present an in vitro model of epileptogenesis based on electrical stimulation rather than pharmacological or ionic manipulations. Hippocampal slices given a series of stimulus trains similar to those used in kindling exhibited 3 types of epileptiform activity in CA3: afterdischarges immediately following the trains; spontaneous bursts of multiple population spikes; and bursts triggered by single stimuli. The afterdischarges and spontaneous bursts may be comparable to those seen in vivo during kindling; also, the progression of these features in this model was similar to their progression during kindling. All epileptiform activities were long-lasting, persisting for up to 3.5 h following the last train. This stimulus train-induced population bursting should be valuable as an acute model of hippocampal epileptogenesis, and may also help elucidate hippocampal participation in the kindling process. AUStasheff SF; Bragdon AC; Wilson WA EM8601 IDNS 17771; NS 15212 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p296-302 MJEpilepsy /ET; Hippocampus MNAction Potentials; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Electrophysiology; Epilepsy /CI /PP; Kindling (Neurology); Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-22-6 (Corticosterone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001672 TINeurophysiological analysis of the development of endocrine and hypertensive reactions in prolonged emotional stress. ABThe model of immobilization stress with aperiodic foot shock (FS) was used to study the effect of a prolonged emotional stress on the functional condition of cortical and subcortical structures (hypothalamic and reticular structures in particular) in EEG activity and to elucidate their role in the development of endocrine and hypertensive reactions. It is shown that the development of hypertensive reactions in animals is stipulated by dynamic changes in the functional condition of the CNS, particularly in the hypothalamic neuroendocrinal control mechanism and reticular formation of the midbrain, which can be conditionally subdivided into 3 stages. The first is characterized by the emergence of short-time cycles of the hypersynchronized activity of slow waves in the cortical and subcortical mechanism, which is accompanied by adaptive hormonal secretion and transient effects of vascular reactions to FS; in the meantime neither neuroendocrinal nor blood pressure (BP) self-regulation mechanisms are impaired. The second stage is characterized (3-4 days after the beginning of the exposure) by the development of 'persistent' excitation in the CNS and the stabilization of a high level of hormones in the blood. Vascular reactions to FS are extremely prolonged ones; in intervals between FS applications BP fails to return to initial values. The third stage (1 month after cessation of experiments) is characterized by normal background EEG-activity in cortical-subcortical structures, normal indices of hormonal homeostasis but high level of BP. In response to 'repeated' stress, on the first experimental day, prolonged hypersynchronization of slow waves in cortical-subcortical structures occurred while BP reactions to FS were also prolonged and high hormonal secretion was observed. The data obtained suggest the high reactivity of reticular-hypothalamic structures which determine primarily the characteristics of both vascular and hormonal reactions that could be understood to be due to the result of previous experience (the first stage of stress). AUAmiragova MG EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p303-15 MJ11-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Brain; Hypertension; Stress, Psychological; Thyroxine MNCats; Corticosterone /BL; Electroencephalography; Hydrocortisone /BL; Hypertension /PP; Stress, Psychological /PP MTAnimal RN465-65-6 (Naloxone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001673 TIA differential effect of naloxone on transmission of impulses in primary afferents to ventral roots and ascending spinal tracts. ABVentral root reflexes and ascending volleys to stimulation of group I muscle afferents, large diameter cutaneous afferents and unmyelinated primary afferents were examined in barbiturate anaesthetized spinal cats. Intravenous naloxone (0.05-0.10 mg/kg) increased reflexes to stimulation of all primary afferent types but of the ascending volleys, only those to stimulation of unmyelinated primary afferents were increased. Thus it appears that opioid peptides have differential effects on transmission of primary afferent impulses to supraspinal areas, an action possibly relevant to analgesia, in contrast to a non-selective suppression of transmission to motoneurones. AUDuggan AW; Hall JG; Foong FW; Zhao ZQ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p316-21 MJNaloxone; Neural Transmission; Reflex; Spinal Cord MNAfferent Pathways /DE; Anterior Horn Cells /DE; Cats; Endorphins /PH; Muscles /IR; Neurons, Afferent /DE; Reflex, Monosynaptic /DE; Skin /IR MTAnimal RNEC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP); 7665-99-8 (Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001674 TISelective increase of R-I subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in glia-rich primary cultures upon treatment with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. ABLevels of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase and of the subunits (R-I, R-II and C) of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase were determined in two types of neural primary cell cultures that were either treated or not treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Astroglia-rich cell cultures from newborn rat brain responded to exposure to dibutyryl cyclic AMP by a 2-3-fold increase in the level of R-I subunit, as demonstrated by two radioimmunological procedures, while the levels of the other subunits (R-II and C) and of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase remained unaffected. In contrast, neuron-rich cell cultures from embryonic rat brain did not display such a change in the level of R-I subunit. Thus, the elevation in the level of R-I elicited by dibutyryl cyclic AMP in normal non-malignant neural cells in culture was restricted to glial rather than neuronal cells. AULoffler F ; Lohmann SM; Walckhoff B; Walter U; Hamprecht B EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p322-8 MJAstrocytes; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP MNAnimals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; Embryo; Enzyme Induction; Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate /PD; Neurons /EN; Protein Kinases /BI; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN124-87-8 (Picrotoxin); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001675 TIElectrophysiological evidence that the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus is a relay between the ventral pallidum and the medial prefrontal cortex in the rat. ABThe neural connections from the ventral pallidum (VP) through the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) to the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) were investigated. Extracellular recordings were made from 219 neurons in the medial and lateral portions of the MD and the VP and the MPC were stimulated. The most frequent response to VP stimulation was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. Also, the most frequent response of MD units to MPC stimulation was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. Nineteen of 26 MD units, activated antidromically by MPC stimulation, responded orthodromically to VP stimulation. The most frequent orthodromic response of these MD output neurons was inhibition and inhibition preceded by excitation. GABA iontophorized onto MD neurons reduced their rate of discharge. GABA and picrotoxin iontophorized onto MD neurons did not influence the inhibitory or excitatory responses to VP stimulation. These electrophysiological results support previous anatomical findings of connections between the VP and the MPC by way of the MD. MD output neurons to the MPC receive mostly inhibitory inputs from VP afferents. A high proportion of MD neurons respond orthodromically to both VP and MPC stimulation, suggesting the convergence of synaptic inputs from these structures to the same MD units. AUVives F; Mogenson GJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p329-37 MJFrontal Lobe; Globus Pallidus; Thalamic Nuclei /PH MNBrain Mapping; Evoked Potentials; GABA /PD; Neural Pathways /PH; Picrotoxin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thalamic Nuclei /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001676 TIHypothalamic projections to the ventral medulla oblongata in the rat, with special reference to the nucleus raphe pallidus: a study using autoradiographic and HRP techniques. ABHypothalamic descending projections to the medullary ventral surface were studied autoradiographically in the rat. A small amount of [3H]leucine was injected unilaterally into various parts of the hypothalamus by air pressure. Abundant and characteristic terminal labelings were observed bilaterally in the nucleus raphe pallidus, the ventral surface of the pyramidal tract and the nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi, after injections into the dorsal posterior hypothalamic area caudal to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Conspicuous, but less numerous labelings were observed in the nucleus raphe obscurus and the ipsilateral raphe magnus. After an injection of [3H]leucine into the hypothalamus and injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the spinal cord in the same animal, silver grains were densely distributed around HRP-labeled neurons in the nucleus raphe pallidus including the nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi. The present results suggest that the dorsal posterior hypothalamic area projects directly to the spinal-projecting neurons of the nucleus raphe pallidus. AUHosoya Y EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p338-50 MJHypothalamus; Medulla Oblongata; Raphe Nuclei MNHypoglossal Nerve /AH; Hypothalamic Area, Lateral /AH; Hypothalamus, Posterior /AH; Neural Pathways /AH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /AH MTAnimal; Male RN9011-97-6 (Cholecystokinin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001677 TICholecystokinin (CCK) gene-related peptides: distribution and characterization of immunoreactive pro-CCK and an amino-terminal pro-CCK fragment in rat brain. ABAn antiserum specific for the amino terminus of pro-CCK detects 3 major peptides in rat brain with molecular weights of 13,000, 8000 and 2700 daltons. These peptides are abundant both in CCK terminal-field regions and regions rich in CCK perikarya. The two high molecular weight peptides probably represent CCK precursor molecules. The smaller peptide is probably the amino-terminal fragment of pro-CCK and may be stored and released along with CCK-8, and have a potential role in synaptic transmission. AUBeinfeld MC EM8601 IDNS 18335; NS 18667 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p351-5 MJBrain Chemistry; Cholecystokinin MNMethods; Molecular Weight; Radioimmunoassay; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN485-49-4 (Bicuculline); 504-24-5 (4-aminopyridine); 56-12-2 (GABA) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001678 TIEffects of 4-aminopyridine, GABA and bicuculline on cutaneous receptive fields of cat dorsal horn neurons. AB4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), bicuculline and GABA were applied locally to dorsal horn cells in the lumbar spinal cord in Nembutal-anaesthetized cats and in spinal cats. 4-AP expanded the cutaneous receptive field of 29 of 33 cells tested. Bicuculline and GABA had little or no effect on receptive field size. AUSaade N ; Jabbur SJ; Wall PD EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p356-9 MJAminopyridines; Bicuculline; GABA; Skin; Spinal Cord MNCats; Neural Transmission /DE; Neurons, Afferent /DE; Sensation /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN465-65-6 (Naloxone); 57-27-2 (Morphine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001679 TIIncrease in the threshold of a nociceptive test induced by naloxone in morphine-tolerant rats. ABThe effects of various doses of naloxone (3-1000 micrograms/kg i.v.) on the vocalization threshold elicited by pressure on the paw were evaluated in rats chronically treated with high doses of morphine. In addition to the well known precipitation of withdrawal induced by naloxone, an unexpected dose-related increase in the vocalization threshold was observed. AUKayser V; Guilbaud G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p360-4 MJMorphine; Naloxone; Pain MNArthritis, Adjuvant /PP; Drug Tolerance; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sensory Thresholds; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /PP; Vocalization, Animal /PH MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001680 TIUnilateral and bilateral cortical spreading depression interferes with radial maze performance in rats. ABSeven rats with implanted cortical electrodes were trained in a 12-arm radial maze to asymptomatic performance (1.38 errors per trial). Single waves of cortical spreading depression (CSD) were elicited by application of cathodal current to the parieto-occipital cortex and monitored by suppression of callosal responses in the frontal cortex. Bilateral CSD elicited before the trial caused a small increase of error incidence in choices 1-6 but did not affect accuracy of choices 7-12. Bilateral CSD between choices 6 and 7 increased error incidence in the second half of the trial from 1.33 to 2.84, i.e. almost to the chance level of 3.0. Unilateral CSDs elicited before the first half of the trial in one hemisphere and in the same or in the contralateral hemisphere before the second half of the trial caused similar deterioration of performance in choices 7-12 (2.4 and 2.1 errors, respectively). It is concluded that the CSD effects have both proactive and retroactive components and that the working memory record is not lateralized at the cortical level. AUBuresova O ; Bures J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p365-8 MJCerebral Cortex; Memory; Spreading Cortical Depression MNBrain Mapping; Corpus Callosum /PH; Dominance, Cerebral /PH; Hippocampus /PH; Problem Solving /PH; Rats; Spatial Behavior /PH MTAnimal; Male RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001681 TIEffects of norepinephrine on rat neocortical neurons in dissociated cell culture. ABIntracellular recordings were made from neurons in dissociated cell culture of neocortex during application of norepinephrine (NE) or other adrenergic agonists. In the population of neurons generally studied, greater than 18 micron in diameter, adrenergic agonists from 1 nM to 50 microM produced no change in membrane potential or input resistance 120 cells). Adrenergic agonists increased synaptic activity impinging on the impaled cell in 25/120 neurons (21%). In neurons in cocultures of locus coeruleus and cerebral cortex, again the same synaptic response to perfusion with NE was noted in 13/93 neurons (14%). In addition, direct effects of NE were noted on 6/93 neurons recorded from in cocultures, all close to the explant. In these cells, NE hyperpolarized the membrane in association with a small decrease in input resistance (11%). These responsive cells may have originated within the explant. A paradigm was used for testing the possibility of a responsive element in the cultures distinct from the impaled soma. 'Hot spots' were found using concentrations of isoproterenol as low as 10 nM. AURosenberg PA; Schweitzer JS; Dichter MA EM8601 IDNS 15362; HD 06276 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p369-72 MJCerebral Cortex; Locus Coeruleus; Norepinephrine MNAge Factors; Cells, Cultured; Electric Conductivity; Epinephrine /PD; Membrane Potentials /DE; Neural Transmission /DE; Rats; Synapses /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN362-05-0 (2-hydroxyestradiol); 50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001682 TIAutoradiographic determination of catechol estrogen binding sites in brain, pituitary and uterus. ABThe anatomical pattern of nuclear binding of 2-OH[6,9-3H]estradiol ([3H]2-OHE2) in brain, pituitary and uterus have been studied autoradiographically. Autoradiograms of forebrain, pituitary and uterus show nuclear concentrations of radioactivity in certain cells. This nuclear concentration is abolished when unlabelled 2-OHE2 or E2 was injected prior to the injection of [3H]2-OHE2. In the brain nuclear labelling is observed in the septal-preoptic region, in the anterior hypothalamic area, and in the central hypothalamic area. Some estrogen-sensitive nuclear groups, such as lateral septum and hippocampus, do not show accumulation of radioactivity. In the uterus, luminal and glandular epithelium, stromal cells and muscle cells are labelled. A comparison of the quantitative nuclear uptake of radioactivity and of the different time intervals after the injection of different doses shows similar uptake of nuclear radioactivity. This is comparable to data obtained after [6,7-3H]estradiol ([3H]E2) injection. The results provide clear evidence for nuclear binding of catechol estrogens of the same magnitude as [3H]E2 after in vivo treatment. AUParvizi N; Sar M; Duncan GE; Stumpf WE EM8601 IDNS 09914 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p373-6 MJBrain; Estradiol; Pituitary Gland; Uterus MNAutoradiography; Binding Sites; Estradiol /ME; Hypothalamus /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (delta receptor); 0 (mu receptor) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001684 TILocalization of mu- and delta-opioid receptors in cat respiratory areas: an autoradiographic study. ABAutoradiography after in vitro binding with selective ligands for either mu ([3H](Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(NMePhe)-Gly-ol] or delta ([3H](Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr)) opioid receptor types revealed the presence of variable amounts of radioactive labeling in the cat brainstem. Areas involved in the respiratory rhythmogenesis were among the most prominently labeled structures. The pneumotaxic center, including the nucleus parabrachialis medialis and the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, contains a very high density of delta binding sites while the dorsal respiratory nucleus which corresponds to the nucleus tractus solitarius, is more heavily labeled by the mu ligand. The neuroanatomical differences in the distribution of opioid receptors correlates well with the pharmacological responses induced by administration of specific mu- or delta ligands. AUSales N; Riche D; Roques BP; Denavit-Saubie M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p382-6 MJReceptors, Endorphin; Respiratory Center MNAnthropoidea; Autoradiography; Cats; Rats; Receptors, Endorphin /PH; Respiration; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001685 TICentral thyrotropin-releasing hormone elicits systemic hypoglycemia in mice. ABThyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), injected into the central nervous system (CNS) in rats, has been shown to elicit systemic hyperglycemia. In the present study, central TRH administration significantly decreased the plasma glucose in mice. The hypoglycemic response could be blocked by pretreatment with the muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, atropine methyl bromide, or the diabetogenic beta-cytotoxin, alloxan, implicating the involvement of the parasympathetic system and insulin-secreting cells in the endocrine pancreas. The role of TRH in the CNS in the autonomic regulation of glucose homeostasis is discussed. AUAmir S; Rivkind AI; Harel M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p387-91 MJBlood Glucose; Brain; Insulin; Islands of Langerhans; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNInjections, Intraventricular; Mice; Receptors, Muscarinic /DE MTAnimal RN0 (kappa receptor); 0 (mu receptor); 50-56-6 (Oxytocin); 67198-13-4 (U 50488H); 78123-71-4 (enkephalin, Ala(2) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001686 TIOpposing effects of oxytocin and of a mu-receptor agonistic opioid peptide on the same class of non-pyramidal neurones in rat hippocampus. ABA study was made of the effects of opioid peptides on the spontaneous firing of oxytocin-responsive non-pyramidal neurones in hippocampal slices. D-Ala2-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-opiate agonist, decreased or even suppressed the firing of these neurones, an effect reversed by naloxone. In contrast, U-50,488, a kappa-opiate agonist, had no effect. When the slices were synaptically uncoupled by elevating the concentration of external magnesium, oxytocin still excited non-pyramidal neurones and DAGO still inhibited them. Thus, opiates and oxytocin exerted direct, opposite effects on the same population of neurones, which apparently bear mu-type receptors. An indirect action of opioids on the excitability of pyramidal cells was apparent and is probably mediated by the same interneurones, since the amplitude of the depolarizing component of the synaptic potential elicited by stimulation of Schaffer's collaterals was increased in the presence of DAGO. AURaggenbass M; Wuarin JP; Gahwiler BH ; Dreifuss JJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p392-6 MJEnkephalins /PD; Hippocampus; Oxytocin /PD MNEnkephalins /AI; Interneurons /DE; Oxytocin /AI; Pyrrolidines /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Endorphin /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001687 TINeurotransmitter-related markers in the normal and experimentally lesioned telencephalon of the goldfish. ABThe telencephalon of teleost fish shows high affinity uptake for D-[3H]aspartate, intermediate levels of GABAergic markers and low levels of cholinergic enzymes. Experimental results (resection of the olfactory tracts or unilateral kainic acid administration in the telencephalon) suggest that: the projection from the olfactory bulbs to telencephalic targets is mediated by aspartate and/or glutamate; and a population of GABAergic neurons is present in a telencephalic area which is considered homologous to part of the striatal complex of land vertebrates. From the present results, it appears that the neurochemical approach can be used, in conjunction with neuroanatomical methods, to study evolutionary problems of telencephalic function. AUBissoli R; Contestabile A; Marotta L; Poli A; Migani P EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p397-401 MJCyprinidae; Goldfish; Neuroregulators; Olfactory Bulb; Telencephalon MNAcetylcholinesterase /ME; Aspartic Acid /ME; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Evolution; Glutamate Decarboxylase /ME; Neural Transmission MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.1.1.28 (Phenethanolamine N-Methyltransferase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001688 TISpecies-specific charge forms of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. ABIsoelectric points (pI) of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) from two species, cow and rat, were determined by chromatofocusing. Bovine PNMT has 5 different charge isozymes ranging from 5.4 to 6.2. In contrast, rat PNMT has only a single charge form of pI 4.8. There is no common isoelectric point of PNMT from both species and there is no tissue variation in the isoelectric point. AUPark DH; Joh TH EM8601 IDHL18974; MH24285 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p402-4 MJAdrenal Glands; Brain Stem; Isoenzymes; Phenethanolamine N-Methyltransferase MNCattle; Isoelectric Point; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001689 TICholine acetyltransferase and glutamate uptake in the nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus: effect of nodose ganglionectomy. ABUnilateral removal of the nodose ganglion resulted in a significant decrease in choline acetyltransferase activity in the ipsilateral dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus but was without effect on enzyme activity in the nucleus of the solitary tract. High affinity glutamate uptake in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and along the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus of the solitary tract was not affected by nodose ganglionectomy. AUSimon JR; Dimicco SK; Dimicco JA; Aprison MH EM8601 IDNS 16205; NS 19883 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 7 1985, 344(2) p405-8 MJCholine Acetyltransferase; Glutamates; Medulla Oblongata; Nodose Ganglion; Vagus Nerve MNRats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Vagotomy MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN24305-27-9 (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone); 51-52-5 (Propylthiouracil); 64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001690 TIHypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-containing neurons involved in the hypothalamic-hypophysial-thyroid axis. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry. ABThe localization of neurons containing immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was examined in the hypothalamus of intact, propylthiouracil (PTU)-treated, and colchicine-treated adult rats. In intact animals, immunoreactive TRH neurons were occasionally found in the paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei, and in the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas. In PTU-treated animals, the cellular appearance of the hypothalamus with the exception of the paraventricular nucleus was almost similar to that of intact animals. In the paraventricular nucleus, only the cells localized in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions significantly increased in number and became hypertrophic in comparison with intact animals. The distribution of immunoreactive fibers in the hypothalamus was almost equal among the 3 animal groups with the exception of that in the median eminence, in which the fibers were most densely concentrated in intact animals, and most sparse in PTU-treated rats. The fibers projecting into the median eminence were distinguished into the periventricular and lateral pathways, which are derived from the neurons in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus, respectively. Thus, among immunoreactive TRH neurons in the hypothalamus, only those in the periventricular and medial parvocellular subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus may be involved in the hypothalamic-hypophysial-thyroid axis. AUNishiyama T; Kawano H; Tsuruo Y; Maegawa M; Hisano S; Adachi T; Daikoku S; Suzuki M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p205-18 MJHypothalamus; Hypothyroidism /ME; Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone MNColchicine /PD; Hypothalamus /PA; Hypothyroidism /CI /PA; Organ Weight; Propylthiouracil; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroid Gland /PA MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001691 TINeurochemical studies on the existence, origin and characteristics of the serotonergic innervation of small pial vessels. ABSubstantial concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), comparable to those found in brain tissue, were measured in the small pial vessels of the rat, rabbit and cat. Both rat and rabbit pial vessels exhibited a high affinity uptake process with kinetic parameters similar to those identified for the cerebral cortex. Labelled 5-HT, taken up by isolated rabbit pial vessels was released, in a calcium-dependent manner, by potassium-induced depolarization. Various pharmacological manipulations were carried out in the rat. Systemic administration of the 5-HT precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline, significantly increased the concentration of 5-HT in the pial vessels; in contrast, two depleting agents (p-chloroamphetamine and reserpine) and the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine, all decreased the perivascular 5-HT levels. A serotonergic antagonist (methysergide) and a 5-HT receptor agonist (MK 212) respectively increased and decreased the concentrations of 5-HIAA in the pial vessels. These pharmacologically induced changes observed in pial vessels were not dissimilar from those noted for cortical tissue. Electrolytic lesions of the nuclei raphes medianus and/or dorsalis markedly decreased the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in these small cerebral arterioles. Electrical stimulation of these nuclei decreased 5-HT although 5-HIAA concentrations tended to increase. A number of conclusions may be drawn from these studies. Thus, there is a serotonergic innervation of the cerebral circulation in several laboratory species which unequivocally originates in the raphe nuclei. Furthermore, these perivascular fibres possess synthetic, storage, release, inactivation and autoregulatory processes for 5-HT which, when further elucidated, may offer some rationale for the treatment of those cerebrovascular diseases in which this neurotransmitter and vasoactive agent is believed to be of pathological importance. AUScatton B; Duverger D; L'Heureux R; Serrano A; Fage D; Nowicki JP; MacKenzie ET EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p219-29 MJPia Mater; Serotonin /PH; Vasomotor System MNArterioles /AN /IR; Cats; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Neural Transmission; Rabbits; Raphe Nuclei /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /AN; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male RN74913-18-1 (Dynorphin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001692 TICharacterization of proenkephalin B-derived opioid peptides in the human hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal axis. ABProenkephalin B-derived opioid peptides, such as dynorphin1-17, dynorphin1-8, dynorphin B, alpha-neo-endorphin and beta-neo-endorphin in the human hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract were quantitated and characterized by the combined use of various radioimmunoassays, gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic cleavage. Chromatographic analysis of immuno-reactive peptide levels determined that, in each case, these were comprised almost exclusively of the authentic peptides both in the neurohypophysis and hypothalamus. Concentrations of authentic proenkephalin B-peptides were 100-5000-fold lower in the human as compared to the rat neurohypophysis. However, in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), supraoptic nucleus (SON) and certain other nuclei of the human hypothalamus concentrations of authentic peptides were found to be in the same range as those in the rat hypothalamus. The ratio of proenkephalin B-peptides in PVN and SON to those of the neurohypophysis in the rat was ca. 1:50. Conversely, in man these ratios were shown to be 80:1 for dynorphin B, 6:1 for alpha-neo-endorphin and 1:1 for all other peptides evaluated. Examination of postmortem degradation of peptides indicated that these lower levels in the neurohypophysis are not due to a higher rate of postmortem breakdown. Since levels of both vasopressin and beta-endorphin were very high, these deficits in proenkephalin B-peptides were selective and do not represent a generalized property of the human pituitary. Experiments involving enzymatic cleavage demonstrated the occurrence of higher molecular weight forms containing the Leu-enkephalin sequence which were not recognized by the antisera employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUArendt RM; Seizinger BR; Pasi A; Mehraein P; Herz A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p230-7 MJEndorphins; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System MNDynorphin /AN; Hypothalamus, Middle /AN; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /AN; Pituitary Gland, Anterior /AN; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /AN; Protein Precursors /AN; Rats; Substantia Innominata /AN; Supraoptic Nucleus /AN MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human RN9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001693 TIDifferences in density and distribution of surface glycoconjugates between normal and dystrophic mouse Schwann cells detected by statistical analyses of lectin-ferritin binding. ABCultures of Schwann cells and neurons from dorsal root ganglia of normal (C57bl/6J +/+) and dystrophic (C57bl/6J dy2j/dy2j) mice were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA-I) conjugated to ferritin. Statistical methods were used to compare the regional densities and distribution characteristics of lectin binding in these two types of Schwann cells, which differ in their capacities to ensheath and myelinate axons in vivo and in cultures. Regional variations in lectin binding densities and distributions were observed in both types of Schwann cells. WGA-ferritin was bound at lower densities in dystrophic mouse Schwann cells than in corresponding regions of normal cells. In both normal and dystrophic cells, WGA-ferritin was distributed at greater densities on the free surfaces of Schwann cells than on the substrate-associated surfaces. WGA-ferritin was clustered in all regions of both normal and dystrophic mouse cells. RCA-ferritin densities did not differ significantly between corresponding regions of normal and dystrophic mouse Schwann cells. However, in normal mouse Schwann cells, the density of RCA-ferritin was significantly greater in the thinner, peripheral processes of Schwann cells than in thicker perinuclear regions of the cells. Differences in the degree of RCA-ferritin clustering were also detected between normal and dystrophic Schwann cells. These results indicate that regional differences in the density and distributions of cell surface glycoconjugates occur in Schwann cells of normal and dystrophic mice. AUCochran M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p238-50 MJMuscular Dystrophy, Animal; Schwann Cells MNCell Membrane /ME; Ferritin /ME; Ganglia, Spinal; Glycophorin /ME; Lectins /ME; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Tissue Culture MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001694 TIRat brain synthesizes two 'vitamin D-dependent' calcium-binding proteins. ABTwo proteins from rat brain reacting against anti-chick intestinal vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein were characterized in terms of their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their molecular size. The proteins were present in the isolated cytoplasm and were produced following translation of brain mRNA in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Their apparent molecular weight was 29,000 and 27,000 daltons whereas rat kidney contained only one protein cross-reacting with this antiserum and with a molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. AUPochet R; Parmentier M; Lawson DE; Pasteels JL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p251-6 MJCalcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Cerebellum /ME MNCalcium-Binding Protein, Vitamin D-Dependent /IP; Cell-Free System; Cerebellum /AN; Molecular Weight; RNA, Messenger /IP /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Translation, Genetic MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4.99.19 (Renin); 465-65-6 (Naloxone); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 55-91-4 (Isoflurophate); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide); 59467-70-8 (midazolam); 9002-62-4 (Prolactin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001695 TIPharmacological studies on stress-induced renin and prolactin secretion: effects of benzodiazepines, naloxone, propranolol and diisopropyl fluorophosphate. ABStress-induced renin and prolactin secretion was investigated using a conditioned emotional response paradigm. Three minutes after placement in a chamber the rats received an electric shock to their feet via the grid floor, then were immediately returned to their home cage. This procedure was repeated for 3 consecutive days. On the fourth day, instead of receiving an electric shock, they were removed after 3 min and sacrificed by decapitation. Control rats were treated identically with the exception that shock was not administered at any time. There was a significant increase in plasma renin activity and prolactin level in the stressed rats. The administration of the antianxiety drugs chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg i.p.) or midazolam (0.125-2 mg/kg i.p.) blocked the stress-induced increase in prolactin levels but not the stress-induced rise in plasma renin activity. Administration of the beta-blocker propranolol (1 mg/kg i.p.) inhibited, but did not completely block, stress-induced rise in plasma-renin activity and had no effect on stress-induced prolactin secretion. The opiate antagonist naloxone (0.1-10 mg/kg i.p.) and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) did not block stress-induced renin or prolactin secretion. It is concluded that stress-induced prolactin secretion is regulated by a benzodiazepine-mediated mechanism and that stress-induced renin but not prolactin secretion is mediated in part via beta-receptors. AUVan de Kar LD; Lorens SA; Urban JH; Richardson KD; Paris J; Bethea CL EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p257-63 MJJuxtaglomerular Apparatus; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin; Renin; Stress, Psychological MNBenzodiazepines /DU; Chlordiazepoxide /DU; Isoflurophate /DU; Naloxone /DU; Propranolol /DU; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha /PH; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /PH MTAnimal; Male RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001696 TICombined electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and peptide release measurements in the hypothalamic slice. ABSagittal hypothalamic slices were prepared from cycling female guinea pigs and incubated for 10-12 h during which time intracellular recordings were made from 274 arcuate and cell-poor zone (ARC-CPZ) neurons. Many of the cells exhibited spontaneous activity and a small percentage could be driven antidromically via median eminence stimulation and orthodromically via stria terminalis stimulation. During the long-term recording, the effluent medium was collected in 30 of the experiments and radioimmunoassayed using a high-titer, conformational antisera for the peptide luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The findings revealed that LH-RH is released in detectable amounts from slices prepared from a single hypothalamus, that the amount of LH-RH released is dependent on the stage of the cycle, and that it can be stimulated by known secretagogues like prostaglandin E2. Following the electrophysiological experiments, the slices were fixed and processed for immunocytochemistry using a specific antisera (EL-14) for LH-RH. LH-RH neurons were stained throughout the ARC-CPZ area with intense fiber staining in the median eminence. These findings demonstrate that the hypothalamic slice preparation can be utilized for combined electrophysiological, immunocytochemical and peptide release measurements. AUKelly MJ; Condon TP; Levine JE; Ronnekleiv OK EM8601 IDNS 18989; HD 16793 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p264-70 MJHypothalamus /PH; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone MNBrain Mapping; Estrus; Evoked Potentials; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Hypothalamus /CY; Immunochemistry; Median Eminence /PH; Neural Pathways /PH; Prostaglandins E /PD MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001697 TIEffect of tilt on the response of neuronal activity within the cat vestibular nuclei during slow and constant velocity rotation. ABThe responses of neurons sensitive to static tilt in the vestibular nuclei were examined in decerebrate cats during slow and constant velocity rotations about an axis tilted at various angles from the vertical. During any 360 degrees rotation, each unit showed a modulation of their firing rate, with a position-dependent maximum and minimum. Changes in amplitude of head displacement from 5 degrees to 25 degrees decreased the response gain of the units without affecting the locations of the discharge maxima and minima. AUChan YS; Cheung YM; Hwang JC EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p271-8 MJLabyrinth; Vestibular Nuclei MNBrain Mapping; Cats; Decerebrate State /PP; Electric Stimulation; Otolithic Membrane /PH; Posture; Rotation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001698 TIThe effects of temperature on synaptic transmission in hippocampal tissue slices. ABFully submerged rat hippocampal tissue slices were exposed to temperature changes, and the effects on CA1 pyramidal cell electrophysiology studied. Raising the temperature from 29 to 33 or 37 degrees C simultaneously increased the focal-excitatory postsynaptic potentials and decreased the population spikes. These changes were largely reversible for slices warmed to 33 degrees C, but not for slices warmed to 37 degrees C. During warming transiently increased excitatory transmission was observed; the degree of increased transmission was related to the rate of temperature rise. It is postulated that neuronal membrane hyperpolarization with warming is responsible for several of the effects seen. AUSchiff SJ; Somjen GG EM8601 IDNS 18670 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p279-84 MJHippocampus MNMembrane Potentials; Neural Transmission; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Synapses /PH; Temperature MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN11128-99-7 (Angiotensin II); 1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001699 TIRegional depletion of central nervous system catecholamines: effects on blood pressure and drinking behavior. ABThe purpose of the present study was to identify which catecholamine-containing neurons (norepinephrine (NE) or dopamine (DA)) and which central nervous system (CNS) region(s) innervated by them might participate in the pressor and drinking responses produced by central drug stimulation. Forebrain NE was reduced in rats by injecting 4 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the ascending noradrenergic bundles. Spinal cord NE was depleted by intracisternal injection of 50 micrograms 6-OHDA. Depletion of forebrain DA was produced by bilateral injection of 4 micrograms 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra of desipramine-pretreated rats. Pressor responses to various doses of angiotensin II (AII), carbachol or hyperosmolar NaCl injected into the lateral ventricles (LVT); and drinking responses to LVT AII and carbachol were examined. Injection of 6-OHDA into the noradrenergic bundles reduced telencephalic and hypothalamic NE by more than 80% without significantly affecting brain DA or spinal cord NE. Intracisternal 6-OHDA depleted spinal cord NE by 80% and forebrain NE by 20-25% without reducing brain DA. Injection of 6-OHDA into the substantia nigra reduced telencephalic DA by 86% and NE by 29% without significantly affecting NE in other CNS regions. Substantia nigra 6-OHDA injected animals evidenced attenuated drinking to both LVT AII and carbachol. Pressor responses to LVT AII, carbachol and hypertonic saline were largely unaffected. Almost complete depletion of brain and/or spinal cord NE failed to alter centrally mediated drinking or pressor responses. These data indicate that the integrity of brain DA neurons is required for the behavioral but not hypertensive responses produced by central drug stimulation. AUGordon FJ; Brody MJ; Johnson AK EM8601 IDHLP-14388; HL-07121; GN-07069; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p285-97 MJBlood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Dopamine; Drinking Behavior; Norepinephrine; Vasomotor System MNAngiotensin II /PD; Carbachol /PD; Hydroxydopamines /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sodium Chloride /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 154-17-6 (Deoxyglucose); 51-28-5 (2,4-dinitrophenol); 60-81-1 (Phlorhizin); 60-82-2 (Phloretin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001700 TITransport of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by dissociated brain cells. ABThe characteristics of glucose transport into dissociated cells from rat brain were determined using [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as substrate. The rate of net uptake exhibited biphasic saturation kinetics with increasing substrate concentration; two values each for Km (8.85 and 1.05 mM) and Vmax (20.41 +/- 5.99 nmol/min/mg protein) were obtained, indicating the presence of two transport systems. D-glucose competed with [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as shown by increasing degrees of inhibition of uptake of labeled substrate with increasing concentrations of D-glucose. The presence of an accelerative exchange mechanism was demonstrated by enhanced rates of uptake of labeled substrate by cells pre-loaded with high levels of unlabeled 2-deoxyglucose. Transport was inhibited by cytochalasin B, phloretin and phloridzin in a manner suggesting that the system is sodium-independent. Transport was also inhibited by sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and dinitrophenol, but not by sodium arsenite or ouabain. Insulin status of the animals had no effect on the rate of transport of this substrate. Net transport was significantly lower in neonatal (4-day-old) rats than in either older sucklings (14-16-day-old) or adult animals; no significant difference between the latter two groups was observed. These findings demonstrate that two carrier-mediated systems for glucose transport are present on the membranes of these mixed brain cells suggesting that the kinetic characteristics of glucose transport may differ between neurons and glial cells. The age change in transport rate may reflect age-associated glial cell proliferation and/or an age-dependent increase in the number of transporters per cell in one brain cell type. AURoeder LM; Tildon JT; Williams IB EM8601 IDHD 16596 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p298-305 MJBrain; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose MNAge Factors; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Cytochalasin B /PD; Dinitrophenols /PD; Insulin /PH; Kinetics; Phloretin /PD; Phlorhizin /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN57-47-6 (Physostigmine); 61-33-6 (Penicillin G); 62-49-7 (Choline); 9005-80-5 (Inulin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001701 TIMuscarinic mobilization of choline in rat cerebral cortex does not involve alterations of blood-brain barrier. ABEfflux of choline from the rat cerebral cortex in vivo was investigated using the cup technique. After removal of the dura mater, the cup was placed on the cortex. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cortex was separated from the cup solution (100-300 microliter) by basal lamina, pia mater, arachnoid (with discrete defects) and remainders of the subdural neurothelium. Two kinds of experiments were carried out to determine: efflux of unlabelled choline into the cup solution; and translocation of radioactivity from the plasma into the cup solution (via blood-brain barrier and leptomeningeal layers) during i.v. infusion of [3H]choline or [14C]inulin. The former process was highly temperature-sensitive in contrast to the latter. Penicillin-G-sodium, which is known to damage the blood-brain barrier, was added to the cup solution, enhanced efflux of unlabelled choline, and caused a 5-fold increase in the rates of translocation of radioactivity during infusion of either labelled choline or inulin. In contrast, physostigmine (3 X 10(-4) M, added to cup solution) failed to enhance 3H-translocation, but markedly facilitated the efflux of unlabelled choline; this effect was highly temperature-sensitive and was blocked by atropine. It is concluded that activation of muscarinic receptors enhanced the choline efflux from cortical tissue. This effect was caused by cellular mobilization of choline presumably through an action on the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine. The effect was not due to alterations in the translocation of choline from the plasma to the cup solution, i.e. through permeability changes in the blood-brain barrier and in the leptomeningeal 'barrier'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUBrehm R; Corradetti R; Krahn V; Loffelholz K ; Pepeu G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p306-14 MJBlood-Brain Barrier; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCerebral Cortex /UL; Inulin /PD; Microscopy, Electron; Penicillin G /PD; Physostigmine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001702 TIBasal forebrain lesions produce a dissociation of trial-dependent and trial-independent memory performance. ABThe behavioral effects of lesions in the basal forebrain (BF) of rats were evaluated using two tasks. The BF lesions included both the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and the medial septal area (MSA). The first task was a Stone maze, which has 14 consecutive choice points and is a task of complex, trial-independent memory. BF lesions did not impair choice accuracy in this task. The second task was a win-shift spatial discrimination in a radial arm maze, which requires trial-dependent memory. BF lesions produced a significant decrease in choice accuracy in this task. These results demonstrate that BF lesions impair trial-dependent (working) memory but not trial-independent reference memory, and that task difficulty is not the sole factor determining whether BF lesions produce behavioral impairments. AUKnowlton BJ; Wenk GL; Olton DS; Coyle JT EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p315-21 MJBasal Ganglia; Memory; Septum Pellucidum; Substantia Innominata MNBrain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Cholinergic Fibers; Hippocampus /PH; Neural Pathways /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001703 TIAssembly of glial intermediate filament protein is initiated in the centriolar region. ABAssembly of glial intermediate filament protein (GFP) into intermediate filaments (IF) was first detected by immunofluorescence in the perinuclear region of astrocytes differentiating in colony cultures before the rest of the cytoplasm was labeled. Double labeling with antisera specific for centrioles indicated that this site corresponds to the centriolar region. These studies suggest that the centriolar region plays an important role in the assembly of some types of IF as well as microtubules. AUKalnins VI; Subrahmanyan L; Fedoroff S EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p322-6 MJAstrocytes; Centrioles; Cytoskeleton; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; Intermediate Filaments MNFluorescent Antibody Technic; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-83-2 (Carbachol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001704 TICholinergic modulation of mediodorsal thalamic input into cingulate cortex. ABField potentials in cingulate cortex (area 24) produced by electrical stimulation of the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus were diminished by iontophoretic ejection of the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. The effect was frequency dependent: field potentials produced by 7.0 Hz stimulation were reduced by 34%. Potentials produced by 0.5 Hz stimulation were not significantly changed. This reduction was blocked by muscarinic but not nicotinic antagonists. AUSikes RW; Defrance JF EM8601 ID5R01MH31114 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p327-31 MJGyrus Cinguli; Receptors, Cholinergic; Thalamic Nuclei MNAfferent Pathways /PH; Carbachol /PD; Cholinergic Fibers /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic /PH; Receptors, Nicotinic /PH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001705 TIThe LH-RH-containing neuronal network in the preoptic area of the rat: demonstration of LH-RH-containing nerve terminals in synaptic contact with LH-RH neurons. ABThe existence of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-containing local neuronal network in the preoptic area of the rat was demonstrated by electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. LH-RH-immunostained presynaptic boutons were observed in synaptic contact with LH-RH-immunoreactive dendrites and perikarya. AULeranth C; Segura LM; Palkovits M; MacLusky NJ; Shanabrough M; Naftolin F EM8601 IDHD13587 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p332-6 MJLH-FSH Releasing Hormone; Preoptic Area MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Endings /ME; Preoptic Area /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Synapses /UL MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 4.6.1.1 (Adenyl Cyclase); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001706 TICalmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase in rat retina and the response to dopamine. ABAdenylate cyclase activity from the rat neural retina was highly stimulated with Ca2+ and calmodulin. The retinal adenylate cyclase activity was also increased by dopamine, and the activation was not changed with or without Ca2+-calmodulin in fractions from the neural retina homogenate after sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The results suggest that the two regulation systems (i.e. dopamine and Ca2+-calmodulin) of adenylate cyclase in the rat retina appear to be independent. AUSano M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p337-40 MJAdenyl Cyclase; Calmodulin; Dopamine; Retina MNCalcium /PD; Enzyme Activation; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001707 TISustained cerebral vasoconstriction during bilateral sympathetic stimulation in anesthetized rabbits. ABTemporal aspects of bilateral sympathetic nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow (CBF) were examined in anesthetized rabbits (n = 7). CBF ranged from 32 to 50 ml/min per 100 g. Bilateral stimulation reduced blood flow by 17-31% to cerebrum, diencephalon-mesencephalon and cerebellum, and responses were constant between 2 and 6 min of stimulation. Sustained cerebral vasoconstriction is consistent with an important role for sympathetic nerves in the regulation of CBF. AUBusija DW EM8601 IDHL-30521; HL-30260 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p341-4 MJBrain; Vasoconstriction; Vasomotor System MNBlood Pressure; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN41598-07-6 (prostaglandin D2); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001708 TIProstaglandins block a Ca2+-dependent slow spike afterhyperpolarization independent of effects on Ca2+ influx in visceral afferent neurons. ABThe blockade of a slow Ca2+-activated K+-dependent afterhyperpolarization (AHPs) in rabbit visceral sensory neurons by the prostaglandins, PGE1 and PGD2, was investigated to determine whether the blockade was indirectly due to a reduction in Ca2+ influx. The prostaglandins (PGs) could block the AHPs in the absence of any change in Ca2+-dependent spikes elicited in the presence of tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium bromide. A PG-induced decrease in Ca2+-dependent spike width observed in some neurons was temporally dissociated from the PG-induced block of the AHPs. In addition, a slow afterhyperpolarization produced by the application of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, was blocked by the PGs. It is concluded that a reduction in Ca2+ influx is not responsible for the PG-induced blockade of the AHPs. AUFowler JC; Wonderlin WF; Weinreich D EM8601 IDNS-22069; ES-07094 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p345-9 MJCalcium; Nodose Ganglion; Prostaglandins; Vagus Nerve MNAction Potentials /DE; Alprostadil /PD; Calcium /ME; Cell Membrane Permeability /DE; Ion Channels /DE; Potassium /PH; Prostaglandins D /PD; Rabbits MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001709 TIReceptor-mediated inositide hydrolysis is a neuronal response: comparison of primary neuronal and glial cultures. ABCholinergic and adrenergic receptor-stimulated inositide hydrolysis was studied in neuronal and glial cells cultured from brains of 1-day-old Wistar-Kyoto rats. Incubation of the cells with [3H]inositol led to the incorporation of radioactivity specifically into inositol phospholipids. Labeling of the membrane lipids reached a maximum in 2-3 days. Receptor-stimulated breakdown of inositides was determined by following the accumulation of inositol phosphates after incubation of the labeled cells for 60 min with carbachol or norepinephrine in the presence of 10 mM lithium. Carbachol (1 mM) stimulated inositol phosphate production in neurons 30 times higher than that seen in glia. The response stimulated by norepinephrine (75 microM) was 6 times higher in neurons than glia. The response to carbachol was blocked by atropine, and the norepinephrine-induced response was inhibited by prazosin suggesting that the receptors mediating the responses were muscarinic and alpha 1-adrenergic, respectively. These results suggest that muscarinic cholinergic and alpha 1-adrenergic stimulated inositide hydrolysis is primarily a neuronal response and that this biochemical event may be important for transmembrane signaling which occurs during neurotransmission. AUGonzales RA; Feldstein JB; Crews FT; Raizada MK EM8601 IDAA-06069; HL33610; NS19441; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p350-5 MJBrain; Phosphoinositides; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha; Receptors, Muscarinic MNCarbachol /PD; Cells, Cultured; Neuroglia /ME; Neurons /ME; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001710 TIThe pituitary inhibitory system: its role in pain perception. ABThe present study was designed to investigate the pain relief mechanism of electrical stimulation to the pituitary and the relationship between hypothalamic and pituitary analgesic mechanism through the observation of monkey behavior and characteristics of tooth pulp-evoked potentials. The results suggest that pituitary-stimulating analgesia should be differentiated from hypothalamic-stimulating effect. In view of the facts, the theory of the Pituitary Inhibitory System is proposed. AUYanagida H; Corssen G; Trouwborst A; Erdmann W EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p356-61 MJAnalgesia; Pain; Pituitary Gland MNBrain Mapping; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; Hypothalamus, Middle /PP; Macaca mulatta; Somatosensory Cortex /PP; Thalamic Nuclei /PP; Toothache /PP MTAnimal RN9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001711 TILH-RH in the rat and mouse hypothalamus and rat hypophysial portal blood: confirmation of identity by high performance liquid chromatography. ABThe nature of the immunoreactive (IR) form of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in rat hypophysial portal vessel blood and in extracts of hypothalamus from rats and normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography and two highly specific anti-LH-RH sera. In rat hypophysial portal blood and in hypothalamic extracts from rats and normal mice a single immunoreactive peak was present which corresponded in retention time to synthetic LH-RH. No LH-RH-IR was detected in hypothalamic extracts from the hpg strain of mouse. AUSheward WJ; Harmar AJ; Fink G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p362-5 MJHypogonadism /ME; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Hypogonadism /FG; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001712 TIAge-related dendritic growth in dentate gyrus of human brain is followed by regression in the 'oldest old'. ABDendritic extent in dentate gyrus granule cells of normal aging human brain was found to increase between middle age (fifties) and early old age (seventies). However, dendritic regression was found in the oldest old (nineties). This finding of dendritic regression following growth is in contrast to previous quantitative reports of continued dendritic growth in parahippocampal gyrus of aging human brain. This new result reinforces the concept of age and region specificity in changes in dendritic extent. AUFlood DG; Buell SJ; Defiore CH; Horwitz GJ; Coleman PD EM8601 IDAG 02680; AG 01121 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p366-8 MJAging; Hippocampus MNAdult; Aged; Atrophy; Dendrites; Middle Age MTComparative Study; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN30525-89-4 (paraform); 50-00-0 (Formaldehyde); 50-37-3 (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 749-02-0 (Spiperone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001713 TICharacterization of specific binding sites labeled by [3H]LSD in coronal sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain. ABSpecific, high-affinity binding of [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in coronal sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed rat brain is described. Intracardiac perfusion of paraformaldehyde selectively altered 40% of the total binding sites normally labeled by [3H]LSD in unfixed sections. Competition by unlabeled LSD and serotonin (5-HT) was not altered by the fixation procedure. Competition by spiperone, however, revealed that the fixation procedure preferentially altered sites for which spiperone has high affinity. This technique should facilitate the combination of neuroanatomical techniques such as radioautography and immunocytochemistry. AUBeck SG; Azmitia EC EM8601 IDDA-01875; DA-07135 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p369-73 MJBrain; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide MNAutoradiography; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Fixatives; Formaldehyde; Polymers; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Serotonin /ME; Spiperone /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001714 TIMonoclonal antibodies raised against Lewy bodies in brains from subjects with Parkinson's disease. ABMonoclonal antibodies which immunocytochemically label Lewy bodies on sections of substantia nigra from subjects with Parkinson's disease were produced by immunization of mice with substantia nigra and locus coeruleus containing Lewy bodies from parkinsonian subjects post-mortem. Tests of specificity indicate that the antibodies do not recognize the same antigen. One of the antibodies (G7) immunocytochemically labels only Lewy bodies, the other (G9) also faintly labels the cell bodies of nigral dopaminergic neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells in both normal and parkinsonian brains. Absorption experiments show, however, that the G7 antigen is present in normal substantia nigra and the G9 antigen in normal substantia nigra and Purkinje cells. Neither of the antibodies seems to be directed against neurofilament protein. Immunoblots after two-directional electrophoresis indicate that antibody G7 labels a protein with an iso-electric point around 5.6 and a mol. wt. of approximately 40 kdalton, whereas the protein labeled by antibody G9 has an iso-electric point of near 8 and a mol. wt. above 70 kdalton. AUHirsch E; Ruberg M; Dardenne M; Portier MM; Javoy-Agid F; Bach JF; Agid Y EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p374-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cellular Inclusions; Parkinson Disease; Substantia Nigra MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Locus Coeruleus /IM; Purkinje Cells /IM MTHuman RNEC 1.11.1.- (Horseradish Peroxidase); 9009-86-3 (Ricin) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001715 TIToxic ricin demonstrates a dual dental projection. ABToxic ricin was used to study the central distribution of dental afferents in the cat. Following intrapulpal ricin injections ganglion cell degeneration is seen in the II and III ganglion divisions. Central argyrophilic degeneration occurs in the dorsal portion of all ipsilateral trigeminal nuclei. Ventral degeneration is seen in the pars interpolaris and pars caudalis. No contralateral degeneration was observed. The results are discussed with regard to previous studies of the central location of dental afferents. AUJohnson LR; Westrum LE; Henry MA; Canfield RC EM8601 IDDE 04942; NS 09678; NS 07144; + SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p379-83 MJDental Pulp; Trigeminal Nerve; Trigeminal Nuclei MNCats; Horseradish Peroxidase; Neuroanatomy /MT; Neurons, Afferent; Ricin; Semilunar Ganglion /AH; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus /AH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-12-2 (GABA); 56-40-6 (Glycine); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001716 TIStimulated release of endogenous GABA and glycine from the goldfish retina. ABThe release of endogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine from the isolated goldfish retina, measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), was Ca2+-independent when evoked by L-glutamate or L-aspartate and partially Ca2+-dependent when evoked by 50 mM K+. D-Aspartate potentiated GABA and glycine release evoked by L-glutamate and inhibited that evoked by L-aspartate. These data are similar to those reported for radiolabeled GABA and glycine. However, the relative amount released compared to the total amino acid content in the retina was much less (10%) for the endogenous compounds. We suggest that results obtained with [3H]GABA and [3H]glycine can be generalized in a qualitative manner to their endogenous counterparts in goldfish retina. AUYazulla S; Cunningham J; Neal M EM8601 IDEY 01682 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p384-8 MJCyprinidae; GABA; Glycine; Goldfish; Retina MNAspartic Acid /PD; Calcium /PD; Glutamates /PD; Magnesium /PD; Potassium /PD; Stereoisomers MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001717 TIRats prefer ambient temperatures out of phase with their body temperature circadian rhythm. ABRats placed in thermally graded enclosures cyclically selected ambient temperatures about 195 degrees out of phase with the circadian variations of their hypothalamic temperature. This finding cannot be explained by the generally accepted assumption that body temperature circadian rhythm is due to a cyclic shift of the set-point temperature. AUBriese E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p389-93 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Circadian Rhythm MNBody Temperature; Environment; Hypothalamus /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Temperature MTAnimal; Male RN30364-55-7 (N-succinimidyl propionate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001718 TIRapid retrograde transport of proteins in sensory neurons in rats. ABTwenty-four hours following the injection of N-succinimidyl[2,3-3H]propionate into rat sciatic nerve, labeled protein appeared in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia. Autoradiography showed that the labeled proteins were found only in neuronal cell bodies. Gel electrophoresis showed a distinct pattern of rapidly retrogradely transported proteins were accumulating in the DRG cells. This is the first demonstration of the rapid retrograde transport of endogenous axonal proteins in mammalian peripheral nerve. AUFink DJ; Purkiss D; Mata M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p394-7 MJAxoplasmic Flow; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Peripheral Nerves MNAutoradiography; Neurons, Afferent /ME; Propionates; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001719 TIA Golgi and morphometric study of the ectopic granule cells in the molecular layer of the rat cerebellum. ABThe morphological types of isolated ectopic granule cells (EGCs) were examined with Golgi-Rio Hortega staining in the cerebellar molecular layer of adult normal rats. The EGCs showed a significant reduction in the number of dendrites (mean 2.42 +/- 0.07) with respect to the controls (mean 3.97 +/- 0.09), and they usually exhibited poorly developed dendritic terminals. The karyometric analysis on semithin sections indicated that the average nuclear area in EGCs was significantly smaller (16.62 +/- 0.20 micron 2) than in normally positioned granule cells (21.08 +/- 0.24 micron 2). AULafarga M; Berciano MT EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p398-401 MJCerebellar Cortex MNCell Movement; Cell Nucleus /UL; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male RN57-13-6 (Urea) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001720 TIDistribution of osmosensitive cells in the preoptic and adjacent regions of cat brains. ABThe response of neurons in the preoptic and adjacent regions of the brain to intracarotid injection of hyperosmotic solutions was studied in 22 anesthetized cats. NaCl (0.5 M) caused a brisk acceleration of frequency lasting over 100 s in 120 of 207 units (58%). Glucose (2 M) and sucrose (2 M) had similar but smaller effects, and urea (2 M) was ineffective. Responding units were found in all parts of the preoptic region, the diagonal band of Broca (vertical limb), the lateral septal nucleus, nucleus accumbens and anterior hypothalamus. AUHubbard JI; Mills RG; Sirett NE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Oct 21 1985, 345(2) p402-5 MJHypothalamus, Anterior; Septal Nuclei; Water-Electrolyte Balance MNBrain Mapping; Cats; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Hippocampus /PH; Hypertonic Solutions; Neural Pathways; Preoptic Area /PH; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Urea /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-28-2 (Estradiol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001722 TISynaptogenic effects of neonatal estradiol treatment in rat superior cervical ganglia. ABNeonatal rats treated with testosterone propionate or 17-beta-estradiol during the first two postnatal weeks have more neurons and synapses in their superior cervical ganglia (SCGs) at 15 days of age than do vehicle-treated littermates. To determine whether a non-aromatizable androgen would similarly increase the number of SCG synapses, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was injected into male rats beginning on the day of birth. The animals were sacrificed on postnatal day 15 and the SCGs removed on postnatal day 15. Counts of synapses showed no difference in the number of synapses between control and DHT-treated animals. These results suggest that the actions of testosterone to increase the numbers of SCG synapses may be via aromatization to estradiol. An additional study was done to determine whether the additional synapses formed in SCGs of animals treated with estradiol arise from neurons whose axons are in the cervical sympathetic trunk or from intrinsic neurons, i.e., SIF cells or other principal ganglion neurons. Neonatal males were injected with 17-beta-estradiol or vehicle beginning on the day of birth and continuing until the time of sacrifice on day 15. The number of intrinsic synapses formed under control and estradiol treatments was determined in SCGs of animals whose extrinsic synapses were caused to degenerate by severing the cervical sympathetic trunk bilaterally on postnatal day 13, two days before sacrifice. The total number of synapses (extrinsic plus intrinsic) in the ganglion after vehicle or estradiol treatment was determined in unoperated animals and used to calculate the number of extrinsic synapses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUWright LL; Smolen AJ EM8601 IDNS21577 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p161-5 MJAnimals, Newborn; Estradiol /PD; Ganglia, Sympathetic; Synapses MNCell Count; Estradiol /AD; Neurons /DE; Rats; Stanolone /PD MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN320-67-2 (Azacytidine); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001723 TIEffects of altered gliogenesis on activity-dependent K+ accumulation in the developing rat optic nerve. ABGliogenesis in the rat optic nerve is disrupted by neonatal treatment with the mitotic inhibitor 5-azacytidine (5-AZ). The rate of myelination and number of glial cells are markedly reduced in treated animals. We analyzed the physiological consequences of these chemically induced morphological alterations in terms of activity-dependent K+ accumulation in brain extracellular space and characteristics of the compound action potential (CAP). Nerves from 5-AZ-treated animals older than 5 days of age showed significantly higher activity-dependent 'ceiling levels' of extracellular K+ concentration ( [K+]o) than controls. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that glial cells are involved in K+ homeostasis at a cellular level and play a role in helping to set the ceiling level of activity-dependent K+ accumulation. The CAPs of 5-AZ-treated nerves older than 5 days of age were larger and generally of simpler configuration than those observed in control animals, perhaps due, among other factors, to the retained uniformity of axonal conduction velocity caused by inhibition of myelination. AUYamate CL; Ransom BR EM8601 IDNS 15589; NS 00473 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p167-73 MJNeuroglia; Optic Nerve; Potassium MNAction Potentials /DE; Age Factors; Azacytidine /PD; Cell Count; Cell Division /DE; Electric Stimulation; Neuroglia /ME; Optic Nerve /ME /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reaction Time MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (alpha-albumin); 7004-03-7 (Valine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001724 TIPrimary cultures from defined brain areas; effects of seeding time on cell growth, astroglial content and protein synthesis. ABThe influence of seeding time on cell growth, astroglial content and on protein synthesis during cultivation was determined in primary cultures from 3 phylogenetically different brain areas from rat cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem. Brainstem cultivated from 17-day-old embryos and all the cultures studied from the 3 brain areas of newborn and 7-day-old rat showed a similar increase in total and water-soluble protein during cultivation. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp, alpha-albumin) levels increased with age in all cultures studied. There was a rapid increase in GFAp (alpha-albumin) between 1 and 2 weeks in cultures from newborn and between 2 and 3 weeks in brainstem cultures from 17-day-old embryos, these increases being slower thereafter. Incorporation of [3H]valine into soluble protein was lower in 3-week-old cultures than in 1- and 2-week-old cultures derived from newborn and 7-day-old rat brain. The incorporation rates were similar in comparisons of the various cultures. Similar results were obtained from embryonic cultures, although the decrease in incorporation rate was between 3 and 4 weeks. The efficiency of incorporation (% TCA-precipitated material/total [3H]activity) was higher in 2- and 3-week-old than in 1-week-old cultures from newborn and 7-day-old rats and in 3- and 4-week-old cultures of brainstem from 17-day-old rat embryos. These findings suggest a cell differentiation during cultivation. The results show that seeding time has a variable influence on cultures from the different brain areas studied concerning cell growth, astroglial content and probably differentiation during cultivation. Embryonic cell cultures seem, in general, to develop one week later than neonatal and postnatal ones. Cultures of newborn rat cells from cerebral cortex, striatum and brainstem show many similarities in the above parameters during cultivation. This is also the case for brainstem cultures from embryonic rat. AUHansson E; Ronnback L ; Lowenthal A; Noppe M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p175-85 MJAstrocytes /ME; Brain /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Tissue Culture MNAlbumins /BI; Animals, Newborn; Astrocytes /CY; Brain Stem /ME; Brain /CY; Cell Division; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Corpus Striatum /ME; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein /BI; Rats; Tissue Culture /MT; Valine /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001725 TIPrimary cultures from defined brain areas; effects of seeding time on the development of beta-adrenergic- and dopamine-stimulated cAMP-activity during cultivation. ABThe influence of seeding time on the expression of beta-adrenergic- and dopamine-stimulated cAMP activity was studied in primary astroglial cultures from various brain areas. In all cultures isoproterenol (10(-7)-10(-5) M) caused an increased cAMP accumulation with time in culture. In brainstem cultures from 17-day-old embryos there was a decreased intracellular cAMP accumulation between 3 and 4 weeks. In all newborn rats and in striatal cultures from 7-day-postnatal rats there was a similar decrease between 2 and 3 weeks. These changes are discussed and interpreted as a differentiation of the cells concerning beta-receptors. The most prominent cAMP accumulation caused by isoproterenol was found in striatal cultures from newborn rat. Although isoproterenol and noradrenaline both caused intracellular cAMP accumulation, isoproterenol was the most effective. There was a cAMP accumulation specific to dopamine (10(-6)-10(-4)M) in 2-week-old striatal cultures from newborn rat, although there was an interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors. In the other cultures studied there was only a very small dopamine stimulation of cAMP. The expression of this heterogeneity among astroglial primary cultures from various brain areas seems to be influenced by the genetic program for cellular maturation and by specific cellular contacts in vivo until seeding and in culture. AUHansson E EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p187-92 MJAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate; Astrocytes /ME; Brain; Dopamine; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta MNAnimals, Newborn; Astrocytes /CY; Brain Stem /ME; Brain /ME; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Corpus Striatum /ME; Isoproterenol /PD; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN542-32-5 (2-Aminoadipic Acid) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001726 TIGangliosides in postmitotic retina of chick embryo: changes in vivo and in cell cultures. ABDevelopmental changes in ganglioside composition of postmitotic neural retina of chick embryo were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography. Gangliosides were identified by comparing their chromatographic mobilities with reference standards. The outstanding changes are decrease in the concentration of GD3L and increase in GD1a and GM1 concentrations. By depleting Muller glia cells from retina tissue of 13- and 16-day embryos (R13, R16) we determined that the bulk of the major gangliosides is associated with the neurons. Analysis of gangliosides in monolayer cultures of R13 and R16 cells highly enriched for Muller cell-derived gliocytes indicated that these cells express the same types of gangliosides as neurons, but in somewhat different concentrations and relative proportions; however, after time in culture these cells showed ganglioside types and changes in ganglioside profile that are not characteristic of normal retina. The latter observation is consistent with other evidence that the phenotype of Muller glia cells becomes altered in monolayer culture. In contrast to cultures of early embryonic retina, in organ cultures of later postmitotic retina, ganglioside composition did not continue to change as in normal development. This suggests that in postmitotic retina, normal developmental progression of ganglioside changes requires systemic and/or other conditions which are missing or altered when this tissue is isolated and cultured in vitro. AULanda CA; Moscona AA EM8601 IDHD01253; TW03169 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p193-202 MJGangliosides; Mitosis; Neurons; Retina MN2-Aminoadipic Acid /PD; Age Factors; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Mitosis /DE; Neuroglia /ME; Organ Culture; Retina /GD; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001727 TITransient patterns of acetylcholinesterase activity in visual cortex of the rat: normal development and the effects of neonatal monocular enucleation. ABThis paper describes the normal development and disappearance of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in layer IV of rat visual cortex and the effects of neonatal monocular enucleation on this transient pattern of AChE activity. Subjects were laboratory-born male or female Long-Evans rats. Some animals underwent monocular enucleation within 6 h of birth. Animals were sacrificed at various ages and AChE activity was detected histochemically in tissue sections. AChE activity is first detectable histochemically in visual cortex area 17 as a fine fiber-like plexus in layer IV at about 7 postnatal days of age. The intensity of the staining increases during the second postnatal week and reaches peak intensity at days 12-14. The intensity of the AChE staining in layer IV of area 17 appears to decrease during the third postnatal week and the dense AChE band disappears by postnatal day 21. The distribution of AChE in layer IV of area 17 corresponds closely to the field of termination of geniculocortical projections and the fiber-like pattern of AChE activity resembles the appearance of an axonal terminal field. Neonatal monocular enucleation results in a marked decrement in the spatial extent of the AChE activity in layer IV of cortical area 17. The AChE-positive plexus is lost in the medial regions of area 17 contralateral to the enucleated eye. AChE activity remains in the lateral part of area 17, probably corresponding to that part of area 17 innervated by secondary projections from the intact ipsilateral eye. The functional role of this transient AChE activity is unknown. The present data suggest that AChE activity is characteristic of geniculocortical axon terminals during the period of time in which they are establishing functional connections with postsynaptic sites in cortex. AURobertson RT; Tijerina AA; Gallivan ME EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p203-14 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Sensory Deprivation; Visual Cortex MNAnimals, Newborn /GD; Brain Chemistry; Histocytochemistry; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors; Visual Cortex /GD /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001728 TIGrowth-related features of lobster neuromuscular terminals. ABNeuromuscular terminals of the low-output type formed by the single excitor axon to the limb distal accessory flexor muscle in the lobster Homarus americanus were studied with serial section electron microscopy. This type of innervation was compared between a small and a large lobster where a two-fold difference in mean quantal content of synaptic transmission was found. Several growth-related changes in the fine structure of these low-output synaptic terminals were seen. First, there was a proliferation of multiterminal innervation consisting of an increase in the number of nerve terminals, synapses and presynaptic dense bars between the small and large lobster. Also the mean surface area of the synapses increased significantly in the large compared to the small lobster. Second, synapses possessed distinct areas of non-specialized membrane or perforations which showed a growth-related increase in their number per synapse between small and large lobsters. Such perforations also occurred in the high-output synapses but only amongst the larger synapses of the older lobster. It is proposed that these perforations subdivided synapses into smaller functional units for membrane recycling as they provide a ready source of non-synaptic axolemma for nearby active sites (dense bars). Third, the branch point between subsidiary and principal terminals as well as the ending of a terminal is composed of synaptic membrane which is presumably involved respectively in the sprouting and elongation of nerve terminals during growth. Altogether these observations signify both qualitative and quantitative changes in identified neuromuscular terminals with growth. AUPearce J; Govind CK; Meiss DE EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p215-28 MJLobsters; Motor Neurons; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction MNBody Weight; Electrophysiology; Lobsters /PH; Motor Neurons /UL; Muscles /IR /UL; Neuromuscular Junction /UL; Neuroregulators /ME; Synapses /PH /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001729 TICell proliferation during postnatal development of the retina in the mouse. ABCell proliferation was studied in the developing mouse retina by autoradiography following injection of [3H]thymidine. In 1-day-old mice, the duration of the phases of the cell-division cycle was investigated in ventricular cells, the mitotically active precursors of postmitotic cells that comprise the neural retina. In the center of the retina, the generation time (T) was 30 h, consisting of 8.5 h G1 phase, 16.0 h S phase, 2.6 h (minimum) G2 phase, and 2.5 h mitosis. In the periphery, T was 28.5 h; G1, 7.5 h; S, 16.0 h; minimum G2, 2.6 h; and mitosis, 2 h. As embryogenesis proceeds, the mitotic cycle decelerates. In contrast with postembryonic cell populations (in which G2, S and M tend to be invariable), all phases of the cycle increase in duration, and most become longer than is commonly observed in mature animals. Approx. 18 generations of ventricular cells are produced. However, throughout the stage of multiplication, some cells cease dividing and differentiate. In 1-day-old mice, 23% of ventricular cells in the center of the retina and 37% in the periphery remain mitotically active. DNA synthesis ceases on the 6th day in the center and the 11th day in the periphery. AUYoung RW EM8601 IDEY 00095 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p229-39 MJAnimals, Newborn; Retina MNAutoradiography; Cell Count; Cell Division; Cell Survival; DNA Replication; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Mitosis; Retina /GD; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001730 TIChanges in nuclear envelope invaginations in axotomized immature and mature hamster facial motoneurons. ABIn this study, changes in the amount of nuclear envelope invaginations (NEI) were quantitatively assessed after axotomy during the late nuclear maturation stages (15, 20 and 25 days postnatal age) and in the adult (100-day-old) hamster facial motoneurons. These changes were expressed as boundary density or BA (length of nuclear envelope per unit area of nucleus). Absolute nuclear areas and perimeters were also estimated after axotomy at these ages. At 1/2 and 1 day after axotomy, no differences in the above parameters were noted at any of the operative ages. At 4 days postoperative, the peak of chromatolysis for all these ages, axotomy resulted in significant decreases in BA and nuclear perimeter in the immature neurons and no changes in BA and nuclear perimeter in the adult neurons. In addition, 4 days after axotomy at 20 days postnatal and later ages, pronounced increases in nuclear area occurred. These quantitative results are interpreted as evidence that the accelerated loss of NEI after axotomy during the final stages of nuclear maturation in these neurons is related to the formation of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or Nissl substance. The hypothesis that an 'excess' of RER is accumulated during the late maturation stages and may account for the lack of NEI in the adult axotomized facial motoneuron is presented. AUJones KJ; LaVelle A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p241-9 MJAging; Facial Muscles /IR; Motor Neurons /UL; Nuclear Membrane /UL MNFacial Muscles /GD; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Motor Neurons /PH; Nuclear Membrane /PH; Sensory Deprivation /PH; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN147-94-4 (Cytarabine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001731 TICatecholaminergic fiber sprouting in granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar cultures. ABNeonatal mouse coeruleo-cerebellar explants exposed to cytosine arabinoside to destroy granule cell precursors demonstrated sprouting of catecholaminergic fibers after 15 days in vitro. Levels of dopamine in granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar cultures were more than twice those of control cultures. As granuloprival cerebellar cultures also demonstrate Purkinje cell axon collateral sprouting, the granuloprival coeruleo-cerebellar system, in which there is sprouting of two different neuronal groups, may provide a model to investigate the nature and specificity of the signal or signals that induce axonal sprouting. AUSeil FJ; Tiekotter KL; Woodward WR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p251-5 MJCatecholamines; Cerebellum; Locus Coeruleus; Nerve Fibers /PH MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain Chemistry /DE; Cerebellum /ME; Cytarabine /PD; Dopamine /ME; Histocytochemistry; Locus Coeruleus /ME; Mice; Nerve Fibers /ME; Organ Culture; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 56-12-2 (GABA); 7440-09-7 (Potassium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001733 TIGrowth cones isolated from developing rat forebrain: uptake and release of GABA and noradrenaline. ABA growth cone-enriched fraction isolated from neonatal rat forebrain was shown to accumulate gamma-amino [3H]butyric acid ([3H]-GABA) and [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA). Uptake of both neurotransmitters was sodium- and temperature-dependent and exhibited saturation kinetics with Km values of 17.7 microM and 4.5 microM respectively and Vmax values of 114 pmol/min/mg protein and 59 pmol/min/mg protein respectively. Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that about 50% of isolated growth cones can accumulate [3H]GABA. Inhibitor studies showed that beta-alanine was a relatively weak inhibitor of [3H]GABA uptake compared to nipecotic acid and diamino-butyric acid. Growth cone fractions preloaded with [3H]GABA and [3H]NA demonstrated a K+ (25 mM) -induced release of both neurotransmitters. Of the K+-stimulated release of [3H]GABA 50% was Ca2+-dependent, whereas the release of [3H]NA was entirely Ca2+-independent. AULockerbie RO; Gordon-Weeks PR; Pearce BR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p265-75 MJBrain /ME; GABA /ME; Neurons; Norepinephrine MNAnimals, Newborn; Autoradiography; Brain /GD; Chromatography, Thin Layer; GABA /AI; Kinetics; Potassium /ME; Proteins /ME; Rats; Subcellular Fractions /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001734 TIFunctional maturation of the oligodendrocytes and myelin basic protein expression in the olfactory bulb of the mouse. ABThe timing of myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and myelin component synthesis by the oligodendrocytes of the olfactory bulb was investigated in the mouse. Immunostaining with an anti-MBP immunoserum and a radioimmunoassay determination of MBP allowed to study the timing of MBP deposition during the development in this structure. Immunostaining of dissociated cells with anti-MBP and anti-galactosylceramide (anti-GC) was used to determine the state of development when these markers become expressed by olfactory bulb oligodendrocytes. Investigations using dissociated cells showed that GC-positive oligodendrocytes are already detected 3 days after birth in the olfactory bulb of the mouse and MBP is expressed 4 days later. Myelinated fibers were not visible on cryostat sections of olfactory bulb before 8 days postnatal. This work has been initiated by observations on the timing of myelination of olfactory bulb oligodendrocytes in transplantation experiments. AUJacque CM; Collet A; Raoul M; Monge M; Gumpel M EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p277-82 MJCerebrosides; Encephalitogenic Basic Proteins; Galactosylceramides; Neuroglia; Olfactory Bulb /GD; Oligodendroglia MNAge Factors; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Olfactory Bulb /CY /ME; Radioimmunoassay; Stains and Staining MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-89-5 (Thymidine); 9007-49-2 (DNA); 958-74-7 (methylthymidine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001735 TIEffect of intrauterine growth retardation on developmental changes in DNA and [14C]thymidine metabolism in different regions of rat brain: histological and biochemical correlations. ABIntrauterine growth retardation was induced in the rat by clamping the uterine artery on day 17 of gestation. The effect of hypotrophy on DNA synthesis was studied in two different cerebral structures: hippocampus and cerebellum. Accumulation of DNA in these structures was biochemically measured in parallel to the incorporation of methyl-[14C]thymidine into nucleic acid at different ages and correlated with autoradiography. The various metabolites of thymidine in acid-soluble fraction were determined by using chromatographic procedures. Phosphorylation defects or reduced utilization of thymidine were found in hypotrophic rats and may delay the DNA synthesis. An essay of catch-up occurred with a different timing according to the cerebral region studied. A morphological and DNA synthesis. An essay of catch-up occurred with a different timing according to the cerebral region studied. A morphological and autoradiographic study after incorporation of [3H]thymidine was carried out in parallel. The neuronal and glial components of cytogenesis were analyzed separately and a good correlation was observed between histological and biochemical data in both groups of animals. AUChanez C; Privat A; Flexor MA; Drian MJ EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p283-92 MJCerebellum /PP; DNA; Fetal Growth Retardation; Hippocampus /PP; Thymidine MNAutoradiography; Cerebellum /GD /ME; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation /PP; Hippocampus /GD /ME; Neuroglia /PP; Neurons /PP; Organ Weight; Pregnancy; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /PP; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001736 TISurvival of the ganglion cell population in the rabbit retina following neonatal visual cortex ablation. ABUnilateral visual cortex ablations in neonatal rabbits produced no detectable loss of ganglion cells in the contralateral retina following a survival period of 3, 4 or 8 months. Analysis of neuron size distributions and neuron densities from whole-mounted retinas indicate that transneuronal retrograde degeneration does not occur in the rabbit following neonatal visual cortex removal. The results support the hypothesis that axon collaterals play a role in retinal ganglion cell survival in neonatally operated animals. The paradoxical relationship between functional sparing and ganglion cell survival is discussed. AUWilkes M; Zingaro G; Murphy EH EM8601 IDEY 02488 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p293-7 MJCerebral Decortication; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retina; Visual Cortex MNAnimals, Newborn; Cell Count; Cell Survival; Nerve Degeneration; Rabbits; Time Factors MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 2.3.1.6 (Choline Acetyltransferase); EC 4.1.1.15 (Glutamate Decarboxylase); 115-09-3 (methylmercuric chloride) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001737 TIMethylmercury poisoning of the developing nervous system in the rat: decreased activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase in cerebral cortex and neostriatum. ABThe specific activities of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were measured in 6 regions of the central nervous system in young rats, following chronic postnatal administration of methylmercuric chloride. These rats exhibited signs of neurological impairment which included visual deficits, ataxia, spasticity and myoclonus. At the onset of neurological impairment, there was a significant reduction in GAD activity in the occipital cortex (43%), frontal cortex (37%) and caudate-putamen (42%). Preceding the onset of neurological impairment, diminished GAD activity was detected only in the occipital cortex. In the cerebellum, thalamus and spinal cord, GAD activities were normal throughout the experiment. No significant differences in ChAT activity were detected in any of the 6 regions. These results are consistent with a preferential involvement of GABAergic neurons in methylmercury-induced lesions of the cerebral cortex and neostriatum. AUO'Kusky JR; McGeer EG EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p299-306 MJBrain Chemistry; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Methylmercury Compounds MNAge Factors; Body Weight /DE; Choline Acetyltransferase /ME; Organ Weight /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN302-79-4 (Tretinoin); 362-74-3 (Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001738 TIEffect of retinoic acid on growth and morphological differentiation of mouse NB2a neuroblastoma cells in culture. ABWe have characterized the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on the growth, morphology and biosynthesis of cytoskeletal proteins in NB2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. In addition, the morphological and biochemical changes were compared to those induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP). Growth inhibition by RA was concentration-dependent and was first detected 24 h after addition of RA. The proliferation of RA-treated NB2a was more dependent on serum than was the proliferation of untreated cultures and RA decreased the saturation density of NB2a cells grown in serum. Morphological changes induced by RA include the formation of an elaborate network of branching neurites in NB2a cells. In contrast, neurites induced by db cAMP or serum deprivation were bipolar and unbranching. Ultrastructural observations of neurites induced by RA revealed dendritic characteristics such as polysomes, spines and absence of intermediate filaments, while neurites induced by db cAMP had axonal characteristics such as filament bundles, absence of ribosomes, and the formation of membrane densities when neurite endings contacted another cell body. These morphological differences were also reflected in a number of changes in the biosynthesis of cytoskeletal proteins. These results suggest that NB2a cells treated with RA and db cAMP are a model system for the study of distinct stages of differentiation. AUShea TB; Fischer I; Sapirstein VS EM8601 IDMS16186; HD05515; HD07251 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p307-14 MJGrowth Inhibitors; Neuroblastoma /PA; Tretinoin MNBlood /PH; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Division /DE; Cell Line; Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP /PD; Mice; Neuroblastoma /ME /UL; Proteins /BI; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-89-5 (Thymidine); 62031-54-3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001739 TIFibroblast growth factor is a mitogen for oligodendrocytes in vitro. ABThe effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on oligodendrocyte development has been studied using dissociated mixed brain cells, cultured in a previously described serum-free medium. A greater number of galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes could be demonstrated after 7 days in the presence of FGF than in control values. Using combined immunofluorescence and autoradiography an increased [3H]thymidine incorporation by galactocerebroside-positive oligodendrocytes was demonstrated after various times of exposure to FGF. AUEccleston PA; Silberberg DH EM8601 ID11037 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p315-8 MJFibroblast Growth Factor; Mitogens; Neuroglia /DE MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain /CY; Cell Division /DE; Cells, Cultured; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Galactosylceramides /AN; Neuroglia /CL; Rats; Thymidine /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (somatomedin-binding protein); 6893-02-3 (Triiodothyronine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001740 TITriiodothyronine stimulates the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) by fetal hypothalamus cells cultured in serum-free medium. ABGrown in serum-free medium, dissociated cells from fetal mouse hypothalami release insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGF BPs) into the culture medium. Addition of triiodothyronine (10-12-10-8 M), which enhances neuron maturation, resulted in a significant increase in IGF concentration. By contrast, there was no significant effect on IGF BP. These results suggest a role for thyroid hormone in the control of IGF biosynthesis in nerve cells. AUBinoux M; Faivre-Bauman A; Lassarre C; Barret A; Tixier-Vidal A EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Aug 1985, 353(2) p319-21 MJHypothalamus /ME; Somatomedins; Triiodothyronine MNCarrier Proteins /BI; Cells, Cultured; Culture Media; Fetus; Hypothalamus /CY; Mice MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001741 TIUnilateral odor deprivation: effects on the development of olfactory bulb catecholamines and behavior. ABThe present studies began an examination of the process by which unilateral odor deprivation results in a 25% reduction in the size of the olfactory bulb. Rat pups had a single naris occluded on the day after the day of birth (Day 1) and were tested at several early postnatal ages. Dopamine (DA) levels were measured to gauge the effects of deprivation on a transmitter system which is intrinsic to the bulb, while norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were assessed to determine how deprivation affects inputs to the bulb from higher brain regions. A significant reduction in DA concentration (pg/mg protein) was observed on Day 8 and persisted until Day 30 although protein concentrations (pg/mg bulb) were not affected. In contrast, deprivation did not significantly alter NE concentration. Deprived and control pups did not differ on a series of behavioral and morphometric measures, suggesting that the surgical procedure did not seriously impair normal growth patterns. The results indicate that unilateral naris occlusion induces rapid and specific changes within the olfactory bulb. AUBrunjes PC; Smith-Crafts LK; McCarty R EM8601 IDNS 17476 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p1-6 MJBehavior, Animal; Catecholamines; Olfactory Bulb; Sensory Deprivation; Smell MNBody Weight; Dopamine /AN; Exploratory Behavior /PH; Norepinephrine /AN; Posture; Rats; Reflex /PH MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.1.1.- (Pseudocholinesterase); EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase); EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases); 50-06-6 (Phenobarbital) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001742 TIEarly phenobarbital-induced alterations in hippocampal acetylcholinesterase activity and behavior. ABEarly exposure to phenobarbital (PhB) causes marked destruction of large neurons which are then forming both in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum. Such exposure to PhB also reduces the achievements of mice in hippocampus-related behaviors such as radial 8-arm maze performance. Experimental evidence suggests that these behaviors are partially mediated by cholinergic transmission. We studied the performance of mice, exposed to PhB prenatally or neonatally, in radial 8-arm maze. Both treatments caused significant impairments in the animals' performance in the maze. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (pChE) activities were studied in the hippocampus and cerebellum of mice who were exposed to PhB prenatally or neonatally. These enzymes are involved both in cholinergic transmission and in neuronal development. A significant decrease (13-16%, P less than 0.01) in hippocampal AChE specific activity was found between days 15 and 22 in animals exposed to PhB neonatally. The total hippocampal activity of AChE was also greatly reduced (25-39%, P less than 0.01) during that period as a result of both the reduction in specific activity and a reduction in hippocampal weight of the treated animals. These alterations were transient and were not detected in adulthood. No changes in hippocampal AChE or pChE activities were found in animals treated prenatally. Cerebellar AChE and pChE activities were not altered after prenatal nor after neonatal exposure to PhB. It is possible that the short-term effect of neonatal treatment on AChE specific activity might mediate the long-term impairments in hippocampus-related behaviors. AUKleinberger N; Yanai J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p113-23 MJAcetylcholinesterase; Cholinesterases; Hippocampus /GD; Learning Disorders; Phenobarbital; Pseudocholinesterase MNAnimals, Newborn; Brain Diseases /CI; Cerebellum /EN; Hippocampus /EN; Mice; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects MTAnimal; Female RN1199-18-4 (6-hydroxydopamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001744 TIExogenous monoamines affect the segregation of retinogeniculate fibers in developing rats. ABThe development of retinogeniculate projections was examined in rats which had norepinephrine levels altered by subcutaneous administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or exogenous norepinephrine (NE) during early postnatal life. NE, but not 6-OHDA, treatment resulted in an abnormal segregation of crossed and uncrossed axons at postnatal day 10, such that projections from the two eyes occupied extensively overlapping territory. This effect is at least partially reversible since in animals examined 30 days after cessation of NE treatment the retinogeniculate projections ultimately became segregated. AULand PW; Rose LL EM8601 IDEY05280 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p135-40 MJGeniculate Bodies; Norepinephrine; Retina MNAnimals, Newborn; Hydroxydopamines /PD; Norepinephrine /PH; Rats; Visual Pathways /GD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.3.99.1 (Succinate Dehydrogenase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001745 TIThe role of the principal sensory nucleus in central trigeminal pattern formation. ABComplete lesions of the principal sensory nucleus in the neonatal rat disrupts vibrissae-related pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus. Similar lesions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus do not effect pattern formation in the ventral posterior nucleus. The results are interpreted as suggesting that the principal sensory nucleus provides a template for pattern formation in central trigeminal structures. AUKillackey HP; Fleming K EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p141-5 MJThalamic Nuclei; Trigeminal Nuclei /GD; Vibrissae MNFace /IR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Succinate Dehydrogenase /ME; Trigeminal Caudal Nucleus /GD; Trigeminal Nuclei /EN; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal /GD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN35523-89-8 (Saxitoxin); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001746 TIProperties of voltage-sensitive sodium channels in neuroblastoma cells grown in chemically defined and serum-supplemented media. ABThe saxitoxin binding properties and sodium currents were compared in N18 neuroblastoma cells grown in serum-supplemented and chemically defined serum-free media. There was no alteration in either maximal binding capacity or receptor affinity and the kinetics or voltage dependency of sodium channel activation and inactivation. It is concluded that sodium channels expressed by neuroblastoma cells grown in the chemically defined media were functionally identical to those in cells grown in serum-supplemented medium. AUWillow M; Gonoi T EM8601 IDNS 18980 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p146-9 MJIon Channels; Sodium MNClone Cells; Culture Media; Immune Sera /PD; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Saxitoxin /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-64-9 (Dextroamphetamine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001747 TIBehavioral effects of D-amphetamine in developing cats. ABThe development of the behavioral effects of amphetamine was assessed in kittens of 1-53 days of age. Amphetamine-induced increases in locomotion occurred when animals were beyond 35 days of age. Stereotypic behavior was induced at all ages tested but the predominant type of stereotypy was age-related. From 1 to 14 days amphetamine induced licking. Pendular head movements occurred when animals were under 35 days. At 14 days of age darting, a response consisting of rapid pacing and turning began to occur. Tracking, a series of horizontal and vertical head movements also began to occur after 14 days. The adult response of vertical and horizontal head movements became most prominent after 35 days. AULevine MS; Hannigan JH; Fisher RS; Howard-Butcher S; Hull CD; Buchwald NA EM8601 IDHD-05958; DA 3107; HD-07032 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p150-5 MJDextroamphetamine; Motor Activity; Stereotyped Behavior MNAge Factors; Cats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001748 TIPostnatal neurogenesis in the rat hypothalamus. ABNeurogenesis of the rat hypothalamus was studied with the [3H]thymidine autoradiography method during the first postnatal month. In the parvicellular hypothalamic nuclei a low rate (1%) of neurogenesis could be observed during the first postnatal week, but not later. There was no sign of neuron formation in the magnocellular cell groups. A number of glial cells were labeled throughout the first month in all hypothalamic nuclei at a decreasing rate. Therefore, birth is not a sharp dividing line in the neurogenesis of the hypothalamus in the rat. AUSeress L EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p156-60 MJHypothalamus /GD MNAnimals, Newborn; Hypothalamus /CY; Mitosis; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RN592-62-1 (Methylazoxymethanol Acetate) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001749 TITransplantation of fetal postmitotic neurons to rat cortex: survival, early pathway choices and long-term projections of outgrowing axons. ABA system for studying growth and development of transplanted subpopulations of postmitotic cerebral cortical neurons is described. The cytotoxic drug methylazoxymethanol (MAM) was given to pregnant rats on the fourteenth day of gestation to destroy precursor cells of layers II-IV of the fetal cerebral cortex. Layer V and VI precursor cells which had completed their final division before MAM treatment and were unaffected by it, were labeled by a prior injection of [3H]thymidine. This strategy provides a donor cerebral cortex containing mainly neurons destined to form layers V and VI of the adult cerebral cortex; these cells are postmitotic. Pieces of donor cerebral cortex were transplanted to the cerebral hemispheres of normal newborn hosts at one day, two days, or 6 days after MAM treatment; survival was assessed 1-12 weeks after transplantation by autoradiography of histological sections. Radiolabeled graft cells survived in 89% of recipients and many of these grew axons into the host, as indicated by retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase. Significant numbers of graft cells could also be stained immunocytochemically for glutamic acid decarboxylase or for the peptides, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or cholecystokinin. A second group of experiments examined the routes of early axon outgrowth from normal and postmitotic fetal grafts. When the donor cortex had been incubated in a mixture of [3H]proline and [3H]leucine for 20 min prior to transplantation, the earliest axons growing out of the graft into normal newborn hosts could be assessed by autoradiography of axoplasmic transport after survivals in the host of 7 days. Normal and postmitotic grafts taken at E15 or E20 were capable of outgrowth, though the axons of E20 postmitotic cells did not grow far. The location of the transplant was the major determinant of where graft cells' axons grew and growth was mainly into existing axonal pathways of the host. In a third group of experiments, long term axonal projections from normal and postmitotic fetal transplants to 4 regions of the host brain--thalamus, contralateral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus--were examined with retrograde tracers 2-4 months after transplantation. Projections from grafts to the 4 host sites were highly dependent on the presence of nearby host axons connecting with those sites. Neurons in all types of graft projected to one or other of the 4 sites, but generally in small numbers. Higher proportions of cells in grafts from E15 MAM-treated donors projected to the host thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) AUFloeter MK; Jones EG EM8601 IDNS15070; GM07200 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p19-38 MJCerebral Cortex /TR MNCerebral Cortex /EM /GD; Graft Survival; Hippocampus /GD; Methylazoxymethanol Acetate /PD; Neural Pathways /GD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Septum Pellucidum /GD; Thalamus /GD MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001750 TIEarly postnatal development of EEG and sleep-waking cycle in two inbred mouse strains. ABThe postnatal maturation of brain electrical activity and sleep-waking cycle were studied in two inbred mouse strains (C57BL and BALBc), previously differentiated in their sleep patterns at adult age. Genetic differences are evident during the first postnatal period (until day 12) in the maturation of electrical activity which is both earlier and slower in C57BL than in BALBc. On the other hand, from day 12 onwards, as soon as the sleep-waking cycle can be defined by using EEG morphology to select quiet sleep (QS) and active sleep (AS) C57BL is characterized by a higher amount of AS and a lower amount of waking (W) than BALBc, as found in juvenile and adult mice. These differences appear a little later when the recordings are performed on animals which are isolated instead of being left with the rest of the litter. AUDaszuta A; Gambarelli F EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p39-47 MJBrain; Electroencephalography; Sleep MNAge Factors; Cerebral Cortex /PH; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Sleep Stages /PH; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001751 TIalpha-Fetoprotein and albumin gene expression in brain and other tissues of fetal and adult rats. ABQuantitative measurement of messenger RNA (mRNA) for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin in developing rat liver and in different fetal and adult tissues reveals a close correlation between the previously determined rate of protein synthesis and mRNA levels. mRNA for AFP and albumin exists in fetal intestine, lung, liver and kidney whereas there are no such transcripts in fetal brain or heart. There are no mRNA transcripts for AFP in any adult organs other than the liver. The lack of mRNA AFP in fetal brain tissue indicates that the AFP found in fetal brain cells is absorbed from the serum. This finding supports the hypothesis that AFP may serve as a carrier protein to deliver bound molecules, such as non-esterified fatty acids, to brain cells at a specific time during development. AUSell S; Longley MA; Boulter J EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p49-53 MJAlbumins; Alpha Fetoproteins; Brain /ME; Nerve Tissue Proteins; RNA, Messenger MNBrain /EM; Gene Expression Regulation; Organ Specificity; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001753 TIModification of neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity in cat visual cortex during the critical period. ABWe have examined the characteristics of various receptors in cat visual cortex during postnatal development. These included beta-adrenergic, GABA, benzodiazepine and acetylcholine receptors. For each population of receptor the number (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were examined as a function of postnatal age (3 days-adult). For all receptors examined, the Bmax increased during development from low early values to a peak within the critical period. The Kd also changed during development for most receptors. The simultaneous alterations in Bmax and Kd necessitate defining a term which takes both of these receptor properties into consideration. This term, called receptor sensitivity (RS), provides a more comprehensive measure of receptor function than either Bmax or Kd alone. Using this measure, we find that receptor sensitivity is low near birth for the 4 receptor populations studied, rises to a peak within the first two months of life, and then declines to near-neonatal levels for 3 of the 4 receptor populations. AUShaw C; Needler MC; Wilkinson M; Aoki C; Cynader M EM8601 IDIFYEY05393-01 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p67-73 MJSynaptic Receptors /PH; Visual Cortex /GD MNAnimals, Newborn; Cats; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Adrenergic, Beta /PH; Receptors, Cholinergic /PH; Receptors, GABA-Benzodiazepine /PH; Synaptic Receptors /AN; Visual Cortex /AN MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001754 TIThe morphology and phased outgrowth of callosal axons in the fetal rat. ABThe growth of axons of the corpus callosum was studied in fetal and early postnatal rats by means of anterograde and retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) applied to the developing cerebral cortex in the frontal and presumptive sensory motor regions. In the sensorimotor regions, the first axons to reach the midline at E18 arise from two separated groups of cells situated medially near the superior sagittal sinus and laterally just above the rhinal sulcus. Each group forms a stratum just beneath the cortical plate. Axons from cells in intervening regions arrive at the midline approximately one day later. By the first postnatal day (P0), a second stratum of callosally projecting cells can be identified superficial to the first. Callosal axons grow out from this stratum in the same sequence as those from the deeper stratum, axons from medial and lateral regions preceding those from intervening regions. [3H]thymidine labeling of animals later injected with HRP, indicates that callosal cells in the deep stratum enter their final mitosis at E15 and those in the superficial stratum at E16. Growing callosal axons have identifiable growth cones and filopodia at their tips but, as far as they could be traced, the axons do not branch. They grow orthogonal to radial glial processes of the cerebral hemisphere and diverge early from simultaneously outgrowing corticofugal axons directed to subcortical sites, as though following separate cues. Callosal axons advancing from one side grow directly into the path taken by those advancing from the other side. AUFloeter MK; Jones EG EM8601 IDNS15070; GM07200 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p7-18 MJCorpus Callosum MNFrontal Lobe /EM; Mitosis; Motor Cortex /EM; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Somatosensory Cortex /EM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 58822-25-6 (Enkephalin, Leucine); 73024-95-0 (enkephalin-Met, Arg(6); 80501-44-6 (enkephalin-Met, Arg(6) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001755 TIOntogenesis of proenkephalin products in rat striatum and the inhibitory effects of low-level lead exposure. ABCertain developmental abnormalities have been associated with environmental exposure to lead and our previous studies have indicated that the endogenous opioid system is disrupted by this metal. In connection with this we report the ontogeny of proenkephalin products in the rat striatum determined by combined HPLC and bioassay and the effects of low-level lead exposure on this ontogeny. The development of Met-enkephalin levels was dissimilar from that of the other proenkephalin products, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7, Met-enkephalyl-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 and Leu-enkephalin. The ratios of Met-enkephalin containing peptides to Leu-enkephalin was less than the 6:1 ratio predicted from the proenkephalin structure. Lead (administered in the maternal drinking water, from conception to weaning at 100, 300 and 1000 ppm) caused a dose-related depression of the levels of proenkephalin products in rat striatum at 10, 21 and 30 days after birth. The most pronounced effects were observed at 10 days and the most persistent effects were seen with Met-enkephalin. Peak blood lead levels were below 45 micrograms/100 ml in the 100 and 300 ppm lead-dosed groups and in all lead-dosed groups at 10 days after birth. It is suggested that lead may have inhibitory effects on proenkephalin-processing enzymes. AUBailey C; Kitchen I EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p75-9 MJCorpus Striatum; Enkephalins; Lead Poisoning /ME MNCorpus Striatum /GD; Enkephalin, Leucine /AN; Enkephalin, Methionine /AA /AN; Lead Poisoning /EM /PP; Pregnancy; Rats MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001756 TISynapse elimination in the developing visual cortex: a morphometric analysis in normal and dark-reared cats. ABThe elimination of synapses from developing visual cortex, occurring after day 70 in cat, is thought to result from competition among redundant axons innervating area 17. The dependence of this elimination on visual experience was tested by comparing normal cats at 70 and 220 days of age with littermates dark-reared from day 70 to day 220. Thickness of all cortical laminae, numerical density (NV) of neurons in layers I-III and NV of synapses in layers I-III were measured in two regions of area 17, corresponding to central (0-5 degrees) and peripheral (15-20 degrees) representations of the binocular visual field. In the central region, normal development was characterized by a 25% decrease in thickness of layers I-III with a corresponding increase in the NV of neurons. The NV of synapses in layer I decreased by 29%, with a 52% decrease in the number of synapses under one mm2 of pial surface. In layers II-III the NV of synapses decreased by 31%, with a 46% decrease in the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface. These developmental changes were unaffected by dark-rearing. In the peripheral region, normal cats exhibited no significant changes in laminar thickness or in NV of synapses, although the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface decreased by 25% in layer I and by 18% in layers II-III. In dark-reared cats the thickness of layers I-III decreased by 26% with a corresponding increase in the NV of neurons. The NV of synapses in layer I decreased by 18% and the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface by 51%. In layers II-III the NV of synapses decreased by 22% and the number of synapses under 1 mm2 of pial surface by 39%. Thus, in normal development the loss of synapses is greater from central than from peripheral representations of area 17. Dark-rearing does not alter the elimination of synapses in central cortex, but accelerates this loss in peripheral cortex. AUO'Kusky JR EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p81-91 MJSensory Deprivation; Vision; Visual Cortex MNCats; Cell Count; Synapses /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.17.1 (Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001757 TITenotomy decreases sympathetic neuronal survival factors in avian smooth muscle. ABThe expansor secundariorum of the chicken wing has a high concentration of survival factor activity for sympathetic neurons. The effect of tenotomy on this activity has been examined in newly hatched and older birds. Survival factor activity was assayed with dissociated embryonic neurons and found to be decreased after tenotomy to low levels in the newly hatched but not the older birds. No change in dopamine beta-hydroxylase concentration was detected, suggesting that tenotomy does not significantly alter impulse activity in the sympathetic innervation. The results are compared with findings after tenotomy in skeletal muscles and contrasted with increased survival factor activity produced by denervation of the expansor secundariorum. AURush RA EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p93-7 MJChickens; Muscle, Smooth /PH; Nerve Growth Factors; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAge Factors; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase /ME; Muscle, Smooth /EN /IR MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 9034-40-6 (LH-FSH Releasing Hormone) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001758 TIAn intracellular study of synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology in sympathetic neurons of the chick embryo. ABThe characteristics of synaptic transmission in whole embryonic avian sympathetic ganglia have been examined by intracellular recording. Neurons in lumbar paravertebral ganglia of chick embryos exhibit both fast nicotinic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and non-cholinergic slow EPSPs. Fast nicotinic transmission is mediated by at least 3-5 convergent preganglionic inputs and can be detected at the earliest embryonic stage examined (Stage 38; 12 days of incubation). Two types of non-cholinergic slow EPSPs have been observed and distinguished by their time course and the resulting changes in input resistance. One of these slow synaptic potentials is mimicked by exogenously applied substance P, but not by exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Muscarinic agonists also evoke slow depolarizations in the ganglia, mediated at least in part by inhibition of the M-current. Intracellular labeling with horseradish peroxidase reveals cells with 5-10 primary dendrites at Stage 42 (16 days of incubation), the earliest stage to exhibit slow EPSPs. The active and passive membrane properties of avian sympathetic neurons, including the presence of the M-current, generally resemble those of adult mammalian and amphibian sympathetic neurons. Functional activity in chick sympathetic neurons is present at a developmental stage where both biochemical and morphological indices of synapse maturation are at low levels. Since this progression has also been observed in the avian ciliary ganglion, it may be of general relevance to neuronal development. AUDryer SE; Chiappinelli VA EM8601 IDNS17574 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 354(1) p99-111 MJGanglia, Sympathetic MNAmphibia; Chick Embryo; Dendrites; LH-FSH Releasing Hormone /PD; Mammals; Membrane Potentials; Neural Transmission /DE; Receptors, Nicotinic /PH; Substance P /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001759 TIThe corticomotoneuronal component of the pyramidal tract: corticomotoneuronal connections and functions in primates. ABCorticomotoneuronal fibers make up a functional component of the pyramidal tract-corticospinal system which is characteristic of primates. The corticomotoneuronal fibers include large, rapidly conducting axons. They arise from somatotopically arranged areas of precentral cortex and the largest concentration of pyramidal cells of origin in the deep part of lamina V is in area 4. Their influence is exerted contralaterally on the spinal cord, where monosynaptic excitation of spinal motoneurons occurs. Motoneurons innervating distally acting muscles are preferentially excited and marked convergence of corticomotoneuronal influences occurs on these. The excitatory post-synaptic potentials in these motoneurons are characterized by the property of temporal facilitation. Intraspinal divergence of the terminal arborizations of individual corticomotoneuronal fibers could permit the engagement of large populations of motoneurons and also the activation of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons and propriospinal neurons for that region of the spinal cord. Corticomotoneuronal synapses may be located more distally on the dendrites of motoneurons than are the monosynaptic connections from group Ia afferents. The corticomotoneuronal excitation has been demonstrated to be effective in natural functional states when the conscious animal is performing learned movement tasks. Abolition of corticomotoneuronal influences causes a permanent deficit in the fractionation of use of distal muscles and an inability to carry out independent movements of the fingers. AUPorter R EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p1-26 MJMotor Cortex /PH; Pyramidal Tracts /PH MNBrain Mapping; Electrophysiology; Motor Cortex /CY; Motor Neurons /CY /PH; Primates; Pyramidal Tracts /CY; Reflex /PH MTAnimal; Human RNEC 3.1.3.2 (Acid Phosphatase); 0 (neurotrophic protein) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001760 TIThe reaction of primary sensory neurons to peripheral nerve injury with particular emphasis on transganglionic changes. ABThis paper reviews light- and electron microscopic, histochemical and physiological evidence which demonstrate that peripheral nerve injury in mammals is followed by profound structural and functional changes in the central terminals of the affected primary sensory neurons. Available evidence indicates that at least some of these so-called transganglionic changes are the result of ganglion cell degeneration and death, although other mechanisms are probably in effect as well. Existing data suggest that this ganglion cell death does not effect all types of ganglion cells equally, but do not permit a clearcut answer to the question of which kinds of ganglion cells are affected more than others. Results from studies with microtubule inhibitors and antibodies to nerve growth factor are compatible with the notion that depletion of retrogradely transported trophic factors is involved in the production of certain transganglionic changes. This issue needs further examination, however. Physiological studies indicate marked alterations in certain primary afferent synaptic connections after peripheral nerve lesions. So far, these changes have not been satisfactorily correlated with the structural changes induced by similar lesions. Further studies on the structural and functional response of primary sensory neurons to peripheral nerve injury are likely to contribute to the understanding of the frequent failure to regain normal sensory functions after peripheral nerve lesions in man, as well as of the basic aspects of lesion-induced changes in general in the peripheral and central nervous system. AUAldskogius H; Arvidsson J; Grant G EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p27-46 MJNervous System; Peripheral Nerves MNAcid Phosphatase /ME; Afferent Pathways /PA; Axoplasmic Flow; Cats; Guinea Pigs; Microscopy, Electron; Nerve Tissue Proteins /PH; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons, Afferent /EN /PA; Rats; Spinal Cord /PA; Trigeminal Nerve /IN; Trigeminal Nuclei /PA MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN64-86-8 (Colchicine); 865-21-4 (Vinblastine) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001761 TIThe effects of colchicine in mammalian brain from rodents to rhesus monkeys. ABThe injection of colchicine into rats and monkeys produced two different types of brain damage. At selected doses, intradentate colchicine preferentially destroyed DGC in rats, whereas damage was less selective and more severe in monkeys. Experiments were performed with different tubulin-binding drugs to investigate the structure-function relationship of tubulin binding and DGC death. The tubulin-binding characteristics of these and other drugs reported in the literature did not correlate with their ability to damage DGC. The role of seizure-induced cell death was investigated by recording the EEG in monkeys and in rats treated with phenobarbital. The data suggest that seizures are an infrequent epiphenomenon of colchicine's action. We proposed that colchicine is not a selective neurotoxin and that it causes brain damage by inducing a non-specific inflammatory response. This response is both dose- and species-dependent. We concluded by discussing the medical implications of the present and proposed uses of colchicine. AUDasheiff RM; Ramirez LF EM8601 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p47-67 MJColchicine /PD; Hippocampus MNAxoplasmic Flow /DE; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain Diseases /CI; Cats; Colchicine /ME /TO; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Encephalitis /CI; Hamsters; Macaca mulatta; Mice; Rabbits; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Seizures /CI; Species Specificity; Tubulin /ME; Vinblastine /PD MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.2.1.9 (Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase); 0 (neurofilament proteins); 110-13-4 (2,5-hexanedione); 111-94-4 (3,3'-iminodipropionitrile); 25234-79-1 (3,4-dimethyl-2,5-hexanedione) IS0006-8993 LAEnglish JCB5L SBM UI86001762 TIPathogenesis of experimental giant neurofilamentous axonopathies: a unified hypothesis based on chemical modification of neurofilaments. ABThis review summarizes current evidence suggesting that the pathogenetic basis of giant axonal neuropathies induced by neurotoxic chemicals involves a direct chemical modification of neurofilaments (NF) and/or related cytoskeletal proteins. Chemical modification of NF is believed to disrupt the normal cytoskeletal organization, which results in an alteration in NF transport rate and accumulation of NF at prenodal sites along the axon. The exact location at which axonal enlargements occur appears to be a continuous function, dependent on both the structure and dosage schedule of the chemical toxin. A unified hypothesis for the neuropathologic effect of the diverse spectrum of toxic chemicals known to induce giant axonopathies is presented, based on recently published data on the structure of NF protein. Neurotoxic chemicals are believed to alter the charge balance of highly ionic domains of NF proteins which are thought to enter into intermolecular coulombic interactions in forming the supramolecular cytoskeletal framework. AUSayre LM; Autilio-Gambetti L; Gambetti P EM8601 IDNS 18714; NS 14509 SOBrain Res (Netherlands), Sep 1985, 357(1) p69-83 MJAxons; Cytoskeleton; Intermediate Filaments; Nervous System Diseases MNAxoplasmic Flow /DE; Chickens; Disease Models, Animal; Glyceraldehydephosphate Dehydrogenase /AI; Hexanones /TO; Intermediate Filament Proteins /ME; Intermediate Filaments /ME; Mice; Nitriles /TO; Phosphorylation; Pyrroles /TO; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; In Vitro; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.4 (Tryptophan Hydroxylase); 1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001763 TICalcium regulates the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons in vitro. ABSmall elevations of calcium ions (15%) significantly depressed the activity of serotonin-containing dorsal raphe neurons by 35% in mouse brain slices in vitro, while large increases in calcium ion concentration (300%) dramatically decreased the incidence of spontaneously active raphe neurons. Neurochemical studies indicated that these effects were not attributable to increased release and metabolism of serotonin. These findings may have implications for the treatment of mood disorders, for which disturbances in both calcium and serotonin metabolism have been demonstrated. AUTrulson ME; Crisp T EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p107-10 MJCalcium /PH; Raphe Nuclei /PH; Serotonin /PH MNAction Potentials /DE; Calcium /PD; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Mice; Neural Transmission; Raphe Nuclei /AN; Serotonin /AN; Tryptophan Hydroxylase /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001764 TIPerinatal glucocorticoids alter dentate gyrus electrophysiology. ABPerinatal glucocorticoid administration produces permanent spatial discrimination learning deficits in rats, presumably referable to changes in the development of neural systems subserving such functions. Because the hippocampal dentate gyrus and its afferent/efferent circuitry appear selectively vulnerable to neonatal steroid treatments, we have examined adult rats treated with neonatally administered glucocorticoids using electrophysiological methods. The techniques were chosen to reveal the topographic and neurophysiologic responsiveness of the major afferent supply to the dentate gyrus. Rats of both sexes received either a high dose (100 mg/kg) or low dose (1 mg/kg) of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone on postnatal day four, with control subjects receiving an injection of saline. These dosages have been shown to disrupt hippocampal dependent learning [6,38]. Laminar depth profile analyses of entorhinal cortex-dentate gyrus afferents revealed a significant shift in the spatial distribution of evoked extracellular population synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in glucocorticoid treated subjects. Stimulus-response functions also differed between glucocorticoid treated and control subjects. While response amplitudes at threshold stimulus intensities did not differ between groups, at higher stimulus intensities population spike potentials and associated EPSPs differed in glucocorticoid versus control subjects. AUVicedomini JP; Nonneman AJ; DeKosky ST; Scheff SW EM8601 IDNS160009; NS16981; NS00444 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p111-6 MJDexamethasone; Hippocampus MNAnimals, Newborn; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials /DE; Learning /DE; Neural Transmission /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN142-47-2 (Sodium Glutamate); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 534-82-7 (Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol); 66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin); 97-31-4 (Normetanephrine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001765 TINeonatal monosodium glutamate administration alters noradrenergic measures in the brainstem of the mouse. ABMice treated neonatally with MSG (4 mg/g) were compared to saline-injected controls on a number of neurochemical parameters of brainstem noradrenergic activity. MSG treatment resulted in an attenuation of brainstem norepinephrine (NE) decline after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine administration. Neonatal MSG administration did not result in alterations in the steady state levels of brainstem NE or MOPEG. The synthesis of NE was slightly increased in the pons-medulla of MSG-treated mice as indexed by pargyline-induced NE accumulation. NE release, however, appeared diminished as reflected by a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in the ratio of normetanephrine to NE found in the pons-medulla of MSG-treated mice given pargyline. The results suggest that MSG-induced damage to the arcuate nucleus produces selective alterations in brainstem NE systems. These alterations may reflect the toxic action of MSG on the opiomelanocortin neurons of the arcuate nucleus or other descending systems that are damaged by MSG. The loss of the descending opiomelanocortin input to the brainstem could result in these types of neurochemical consequences since the pharmacologic action of opiate drugs results in a selective enhancement of brainstem NE turnover in rodents. AUDawson R Jr; Annau Z EM8601 IDES07094; ES02277; S T32 HL07457 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p117-21 MJArcuate Nucleus; Brain Stem; Glutamates; Norepinephrine; Sodium Glutamate MNAnimals, Newborn; Arcuate Nucleus /PH; Brain Stem /PH; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol /AN; Mice; Neural Pathways /PH; Normetanephrine /AN; Pro-Opiomelanocortin /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN363-24-6 (prostaglandin E2); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001766 TIACh and 5-HT stimulated thermogenesis at different core temperatures in the He-Cold hypothermic hamster. ABHamsters in deep experimentally induced hypothermia, at body temperatures between 7 degrees C and 11.5 degrees C, were microinjected with 5-HT and ACh at brain sites in the anterior-preoptic area of the hypothalamus (AH/POA). ACh or 5-HT was injected into an AH/POA site at different starting core temperatures in different groups of hypothermic hamsters. Colonic temperatures (Tc) were maintained, following He-Cold induction, in a temperature controlled environmental chamber and measured with a YSI thermister probe and YSI telethermometer. Injections of either 5-HT or ACh at Tc's between 7.0 degrees C and 9.0 degrees C elicited only modest increases in Tc i.e., 0.3 degrees C--0.6 degrees C, respectively. As Tc increased, however, to ranges between 9.1 degrees C--10.0 degrees C and in different animals to greater than 10 degrees C both ACh and 5-HT at the same sites elicited significant increases in Tc, 1.5 degrees C for 5-HT and 2.2 degrees C for ACh compared to saline injections. These data suggest that at the lowest Tc's we are observing a ╥cold block╙ of temperature sensitive sites in the AH/POA. Increasing the starting Tc beyond 9.0 degrees C however, evokes significant increases in heat-gain following AH/POA injection of either ACh or 5-HT. These data are consistent with Myers' observations concerning the organization of heat-gain mechanisms at AH/POA sites. In addition, they suggest that both the afferent limb of the heat-gain circuit (5-HT) and the efferent limb of the circuit (ACh) are functionally impaired when Tc is close to the physiological limit in the He-Cold hypothermic hamster. AUSimpson CW; Resch GE EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p123-7 MJAcetylcholine; Body Temperature Regulation; Hypothalamic Area, Anterior; Preoptic Area; Serotonin MNBrain Mapping; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Models, Biological; Prostaglandins E /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male RN11103-57-4 (Vitamin A); 116-31-4 (Retinaldehyde); 79-81-2 (retinol palmitate) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001768 TIDistribution of retinoids in different compartments of the posterior segment of the rabbit eye. ABUsing high-performance liquid chromatography, the amounts of all-trans retinol, retinal and retinyl palmitate were measured in the following ocular tissues and fluid of the light (LA) and dark adapted (DA) rabbit: cytosol and membrane fractions of the retina (R/C and R/M), cytosol and membrane fractions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE/C and RPE/M), subretinal fluid collected from the inter-photoreceptor matrix (S/R) and the matrix between apical microvilli of the RPE (S/RPE). The total amount of all-trans retinol extracted from LA eyes, 2.74 nmol per eye, was ten times greater than the amount extracted from DA eyes. In the LA eye, most of the all-trans retinol was extracted from the membrane fraction of the retina (67%); in the DA eye, most of the retinol was extracted from the cytosol fraction of the retina (58%). In contrast, the DA eye yielded more all-trans retinal (9.84 nmol) than the LA eye (5.80 nmol) and most of this retinoid was recovered from the cytosol and membrane fractions of the retina. A higher amount of all-trans retinyl palmitate was recovered from the LA eye (5.88 nmol) than the DA eye (2.02 nmol). Although most of this retinyl palmitate was extracted from the cytosol fraction of the RPE (45%, LA eye), appreciable amounts were found in all other ocular compartments. The amount of retinyl palmitate in the LA eye exceeded that of the DA eye in every compartment examined in the present study, suggesting a possible important role of retinyl esters in the visual cycle. AULai YL; Tsin AT; Lam KW; Garcia JJ EM8601 IDNEI 5 R01; EY04178; RR08194; + SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p143-7 MJPigment Epithelium of Eye; Retina; Retinoids MNChromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cytosol /AN; Dark Adaptation; Membranes /AN; Rabbits; Retinaldehyde /AN; Vitamin A /AA /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001769 TIHypothalamic circuits involved in the regulation of seasonal and circadian rhythms in male golden hamsters. ABHypothalamic knife cuts were employed to investigate the pathways which mediate the gonadal regression induced by short-day photoperiods in male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Bilateral horizontal cuts placed between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as cuts placed through the PVN, prevented testicular regression in animals kept on a photoperiod that provided only 6 hr of light/day. Identical effects were obtained when the cuts were placed just dorsal to the PVN. Unilateral damage or sham surgery failed to block gonadal regression. The entrainment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity to the light-dark cycle was not affected by cuts that abolished the effects of photoperiod on testicular regression. The results are discussed in the context of current models of neural control of the pineal gland and melatonin production. AUNunez AA; Brown MH; Youngstrom TG EM8601 IDMH 37877 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p149-53 MJHypothalamus; Motor Activity; Periodicity; Testis MNBrain Mapping; Circadian Rhythm; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /PH; Seasons; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus /PH MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN12769-48-1 (Substance P); 37221-79-7 (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide); 39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 58591-52-9 (pancreatic polypeptide, avian); 59763-91-6 (Pancreatic Polypeptide); 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001770 TIThree dimensional analysis of retinal neuropeptides and amine in the chick. ABThree dimensional analysis of retinal neuropeptides and monoamine-containing amacrine cells were performed on flat-mount preparations of the chick retina by using indirect immunofluorescence method. somatostatin (SOM), neurotensin (NT), leu-enkephalin (ENK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), glucagon (GLC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were examined with specific antisera. To localize these substances in the amacrine cells, and to see in which layers their processes arborize, frozen sections were examined. There were four patterns of distribution. (1) Substances with more immunoreactive cells in the central than in the peripheral portions (SOM, NT, VIP, SP, GLC, 5HT), (2) Substances with more immunoreactive cells in the peripheral portion than in the central portion (APP), (3) Substances for which such cells were evenly distributed (TH), and (4) Substances with more immunoreactive cells in the inferior than in the superior portion (CRF). Subtypes were identified among the amacrine cells containing single peptides or monoamine. AUKiyama H; Katayama-Kumoi Y; Kimmel J; Steinbusch H; Powell JF; Smith AD; Tohyama M EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p155-65 MJBiogenic Amines; Peptides; Retina MNChickens; Corticotropin Releasing Hormone /ME; Enkephalins /ME; Neurotensin /ME; Pancreatic Polypeptide /ME; Serotonin /ME; Somatostatin /ME; Substance P /ME; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide /ME MTAnimal RN25126-32-3 (Sincalide) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001771 TIThe distribution of cholecystokinin-8 in the central nervous system of turtles: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. ABImmunohistochemical techniques, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to: (1) determine the regional distribution and amounts of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8)-like immunoreactivity in the turtle central nervous system, and (2) chemically characterize the CCK8-like material present in the turtle central nervous system. High levels of CCK8-like immunoreactivity were found in the turtle central nervous system, with the highest levels being present in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Moderate levels of the CCK8-like material were found in all other regions of the turtle nervous system except the cerebellum, the olfactory bulbs and the dorsal ventricular ridge of the telencephalon, which contained low levels. The bulk (87%) of the CCK8-like material in turtle central nervous system co-eluted with CCK8-sulfate in gradient elution HPLC. The distribution of CCK8-like immunoreactivity (CCK8LI) observed using immunohistochemistry was consistent with the results of the RIA studies. Numerous CCK8LI-containing neurons and fibers were observed in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis. Neurons and fibers containing CCK8 were, however, more sparsely distributed outside the hypothalamus. The immunohistochemical data provided evidence for the existence of two major CCK8-containing pathways in turtles that have been previously described in mammals: a pathway from the supraoptic and paraventricular magnocellular nuclei to the external zone of the median eminence and neurohypophysis and a pathway from dorsal root ganglia to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Overall, the present results, in conjunction with several previous studies, indicate that CCK8 has had a relatively stable evolutionary history as a CNS neuropeptide among land vertebrates. The molecular structure of CCK8 appears to have been largely (if not entirely) conserved, as has its concentration in many brain regions. A noteworthy exception to such conservatism in the localization of CCK8 is that the concentration of CCK8 in the telencephalon, particularly in the telencephalic cortex, is much lower in turtles than in mammals. The present results therefore suggest that CCK8 may not have become a prominent peptide in the telencephalic cortex (or its anatomical equivalents) until the evolution of neocortex in the mammalian lineage. AUReiner A; Beinfeld MC EM8601 IDNS-19620; NS-18335; NS-18667 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p167-81 MJCentral Nervous System; Sincalide /ME; Turtles MNBrain Chemistry; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Immunoenzyme Technics; Radioimmunoassay; Sincalide /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN1321-73-9 (Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid); 2323-36-6 (Selegiline); 306-08-1 (Homovanillic Acid); 64-04-0 (phenethylamine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001772 TIBehavioral and neurochemical effects of deprenyl and beta-phenylethylamine in Wistar rats. ABThe effects of 1-deprenyl (1-16 mg kg-1, 3.5 hr) on brain levels of endogenous beta-phenylethylamine were assessed in animals under three conditions: (1) experience of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation; (2) electrode implantation but no self-stimulation experience; (3) no surgical intervention. The increase in striatal levels of beta-phenylethylamine with 1-deprenyl treatment was attenuated in the self-stimulation condition relative to conditions (2) and (3). This differential effect of 1-deprenyl was not observed at the level of the hypothalamus. Administration of 1-deprenyl did not affect self-stimulation behavior. Equivalent analysis of beta-phenylethylamine levels was carried out using animals injected with beta-phenylethylamine (0.5-4 mg kg-1, 0.5 hr 1P and 1-deprenyl (4 mg kg-1, 3.5 hr sc). Injected beta-phenylethylamine with deprenyl pretreatment increased self-stimulation rates; concomitant striatal levels of approximately 190 ng g-1 of beta-phenylethylamine were observed and were associated with increased brainstem 5-HIAA but no change in striatal HVA, indicating possible involvement of 5-HT in this response to beta-phenylethylamine. It is proposed that experience of electrical hypothalamic stimulation may alter endogenous striatal beta-phenylethylamine metabolism, possibly via an alteration of mechanisms governing synthesis and/or catabolism. AUGreenshaw AJ; Juorio AV; Boulton AA EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p183-9 MJBrain Chemistry; Phenethylamines /PD; Selegiline; Self Stimulation MNBrain Stem /AN; Corpus Striatum /AN; Homovanillic Acid /AN; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid /AN; Hypothalamus /AN; Phenethylamines /AN; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 88813-36-9 (galanin) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001773 TIGalanin-like immunoreactivity in capsaicin sensitive sensory neurons and ganglia. ABIn rats treated with capsaicin (CAP) as neonates, galanin-like (GA) immunoreactivity is markedly decreased in the trigeminal ganglion and the dorsal root ganglia as well as in the superficial layers of the dorsal spinal cord (laminae I and II), the substantia gelatinosa, the nucleus and tractus of the spinal trigeminal nerve and the nucleus commissuralis. Since CAP causes selective degeneration of primary sensory neurons of the C-fiber type and type B-cells of sensory ganglia, it is concluded that GA in CAP-sensitive primary sensory neurons represents a novel peptidergic system possibly involved in the transformation or modulation of peripheral nociceptive impulses. This system differs from the CAP-resistant GA-like neurons in other brain areas. AUSkofitsch G; Jacobowitz DM EM8601 ID3 F05 TWO 3293-01S2 BI-5 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p191-5 MJCapsaicin; Nervous System; Peptides MNAnimals, Newborn; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Ganglia, Spinal /ME; Neurons, Afferent /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Semilunar Ganglion /ME MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 51-83-2 (Carbachol); 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001774 TIMonoamine, amino acid and cholinergic interactions in slices of rat cerebral cortex. ABInteractions of monoamine, amino acid and cholinergic transmitter systems were studied in slices of rat cerebral cortex using a superfusion procedure and measuring release of endogenous dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), GABA, glutamate (GLU) and aspartate (ASP). Depolarizing concentrations of K+ were used to induce a Ca2+-dependent, Mg2+-inhibited release of the monoamines and amino acids. Submaximal release of the monoamines and amino acids was observed at 35 mM K+, which permitted studies of possible excitatory or inhibitory actions of the added agents. The 35 mM K+-stimulated, Ca2+-dependent release of GABA was inhibited 40, 30 and 25% by 100 microM NE, DA and 5-HT, respectively. The release of GLU was potentiated by NE and reduced by DA. Both DA and 5-HT inhibited the release of ASP. The Ca2+-dependent, K+-stimulated release of endogenous NE, DA and 5-HT was not altered by 100 microM GABA, GLU or ASP. However, 100 microM GLU did enhance the stimulated release of GABA. The cholinergic agonist, carbachol, enhanced the stimulated release of NE, 5-HT and GLU 10, 60 and 40%, respectively. On the other hand, carbachol attenuated the release of DA and GABA approximately 20%. One interpretation of the data is that the amino acid transmitter pathways in slices of the cerebral cortex of the rat can be controlled by monoaminergic and cholinergic systems while the monoamine afferents appear to have a cholinergic regulation but not a major direct amino acid transmitter influence. AUFlint RS; Murphy JM; Calkins PM; McBride WJ EM8601 IDNS 19286; AA 03243 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p197-202 MJAmino Acids; Biogenic Amines; Cerebral Cortex; Neuroregulators MNAspartic Acid /PD; Carbachol /PD; Dopamine /PD; Glutamates /PD; Norepinephrine /PD; Rats; Serotonin /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001775 TIVisual circadian rhythmicity in splitbrain crayfish: a plastic behavioral expression of symmetric circadian pacemakers. ABElectroretinographic evoked potentials (ERG's) were continuously recorded in dark-adapted, splitbrain crayfishes Procambarus bouvieri. Pulses of light (0.95 cd/m2) illuminating the left or the right eyes were alternatively applied every 15 or 30 min. As compared to intact crayfish, uni or bilateral damping or suppression of circadian retinal sensitivity rhythm could be caused by surgical bisection of cerebral ganglion in these crustaceans. The damped ERG circadian rhythm was rapidly reversed by reduction or elimination of the test light stimulus to the contralateral eye. Given the redundant processing of pacemaking information coming from bilaterally positioned cephalic circadian pacemakers to the central nervous system in splitbrain crayfish, photodependent damping of ERG rhythm revealed a plastic potential of central circadian pacemakers. The possibility that a strong but reversible inhibitory influence acts simultaneously upon the left and right protocerebral circadian pacemakers while receiving bilateral photic stimulation is considered. AUBarrera-Mera B EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p203-8 MJCircadian Rhythm; Crayfish; Eye; Ganglia; Vision MNElectrophysiology; Neuronal Plasticity MTAnimal RN113-79-1 (Argipressin) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001776 TIPerfusion of vasopressin within the ventral septum of the rabbit suppresses endotoxin fever. ABThe antipyretic action of arginine vasopressin (AVP), administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle or directly into the brain tissue via push-pull perfusion, was investigated in conscious New Zealand White rabbits. Administration of AVP into a lateral cerebral ventricle (ICV) was ineffective in reducing an endotoxin-induced fever and did not alter body temperature in the afebrile rabbit. Control push-pull perfusions with the carrier vehicle were without effect on endotoxin fevers or normal body temperature. Perfusion of the vehicle containing AVP provided significant antipyretic activity against both intravenous (IV) and ICV endotoxin without affecting normal body temperature. Both the maximum fever height and the fever index were significantly reduced during AVP perfusion. Tissue sites in which AVP was found to be antipyretic were located in the rostroventral parts of the septal region, at sites similar to those where perfusion of the peptide caused antipyresis in the sheep and rat. These results support the hypothesis that AVP, or a closely related molecule, may modulate fever within the central nervous system. AUNaylor AM; Ruwe WD; Kohut AF; Veale WL EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p209-13 MJAnalgesics, Anti-Inflammatory; Argipressin; Bacterial Toxins; Fever /DT; Septum Pellucidum MNBrain Mapping; Fever /CI; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections; Rabbits; Salmonella MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16502-01-5 (tryptoline); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 58-25-3 (Chlordiazepoxide) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001777 TIMonoamine transmitter release induced by tetrahydro-beta-carboline perfused in hippocampus of the unrestrained rat. ABGuide cannulae for unilateral push-pull perfusion were implanted stereotaxically to rest just dorsal to the hippocampus of the rat. On recovery, a tissue site in the hippocampus was double-labelled with a 1.0 microliter volume of [14C]-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and [3H]-norepinephrine (NE). Then the site was perfused by means of push-pull cannulae at a rate of 25 microliters/min with an osmotically-balanced CSF. When tetrahydro-beta-carboline (THBC) was added to the CSF perfusate in a concentration of 0.5-5.0 micrograms/125 microliters, the pattern of efflux of both of the monoamines exhibited an increase in release which was either immediate or delayed depending on the concentration and site of the hippocampal perfusion. Further, if the interval of a sequence of repeated perfusions was less than one day, the efflux of either [3H]-NE or [14C]-5-HT was attenuated. The addition of chlordiazepoxide to the CSF perfusate in a dose of 1.6 microgram/1.0 microliter did not affect the resting efflux of either of the monoamines, but did tend to reduce the THBC-induced release. A morphological ╥mapping╙ showed that the anatomical sites of perfusion in the hippocampus were homologous to those within which THBC injected locally induces anxiety-like behavior in the rat. Thus, it is envisaged that this beta-carboline serves to alter the behavior of the animal by a differential shift in the synaptic activity of monoamines within neurons of this limbic system structure which is implicated in emotional responses. AUHuttunen P; Spencer BA; Myers RD EM8601 IDAA 04200-04 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p215-20 MJCarbolines; Hippocampus; Norepinephrine; Serotonin MNChlordiazepoxide /PD; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001778 TISimultaneous recording of substantia nigra neurons and voltammetric release of dopamine in the caudate of behaving cats. ABSimultaneous electrophysiological recordings of single dopamine-containing neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the voltammetric release of dopamine in the caudate were made in the behaving cat. Unit activity showed no significant changes during sleep and small changes during active waking, while the release of dopamine in post-synaptic target regions of the caudate nucleus decreased by approximately 35% during sleep and increased approximately 50% during movement. These data demonstrate that recording the electrophysiological activity of single dopamine-containing neurons alone does not accurately reflect the functional state of the central dopamine system. The present study is the first report on the simultaneous measurement of the post-synaptic release of a neurotransmitter and the electrophysiological recording of neurons identified to contain that transmitter substance. AUTrulson ME EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p221-3 MJCaudate Nucleus; Dopamine; Substantia Nigra MNCats; Neural Pathways /PH; Sleep /PH MTAnimal; Female; Male RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001779 TISuppression of self-stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex after local micro-injection of kainic acid in the rat. ABThe question of whether neurons versus fibers of passage in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPC) are essential in maintaining self-stimulation of this same area of the brain was examined. Rats were prepared with electrode-guide cannulae implanted stereotaxically to rest within MPC. A micro-injection of (KA), 10 nmol/1.0 microliter, into the right MPC produced a clear degeneration of neuronal cell bodies characterized by picnocytosis and glial invasion of the tissue surrounding the tip of the electrode. These histopathological changes were correlated with a permanent abolition of self-stimulation of the right MPC. In contrast, self-stimulation of the contralateral side of the MPC, micro-injected with 0.9% NaCl vehicle as a control, was unaffected. These results suggest that neurons of the MPC are part of the neural substrate underlying self-stimulation behavior in this cortical area of the rat. AUFerrer JM; Myers RD; Mora F EM8601 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p225-8 MJFrontal Lobe; Kainic Acid; Self Stimulation MNMicroinjections; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RNEC 1.14.16.2 (Tyrosine Hydroxylase); 51-61-6 (Dopamine) IS0361-9230 LAEnglish JCB5M SBM UI86001780 TIIdentification of dopamine-containing cell bodies in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the rat brain using tyrosine hydroxylase immunochemistry. ABUsing immunohistochemical methods with antibodies specific to tyrosine hydroxylase, we examined the distribution of dopaminergic cells in the dorsal and median raphe nucleus of the rat brain. Although dopamine-containing cell bodies were previously thought to be almost exclusively confined to the substantia nigra pars compacta, ventral tegmental area, and tuberoinfundibular system, we found numerous cell bodies which stained for tyrosine hydroxylase in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. AUTrulson ME; Cannon MS; Raese JD EM8601 ID1R01 NS 22037-01 SOBrain Res Bull (United States), Aug 1985, 15(2) p229-34 MJDopamine; Raphe Nuclei; Tyrosine Hydroxylase MNImmunoenzyme Technics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001781 TI[The age risk in Down's syndrome and its prevention] AUCernay J TT[Vekove riziko pri Downovom syndrome a jeho prevencia.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p249-57 MJDown's Syndrome; Maternal Age 35 and over; Maternal Age MNAdult; Czechoslovakia; Down's Syndrome /PC; Middle Age; Pregnancy; Risk MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human RN55837-19-9 (exaprolol) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001782 TI[Antihypertensive action of exaprolol and its analogs] AUDrimal J ; Borovicova F ; Gibala P; Rybar A TT[Antihypertenzivna aktivita exaprololu a jeho analogov.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p258-72 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Hypertension, Renovascular; Propanolamines MNDogs; Hypertension, Renovascular /PP; Stress, Psychological /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male RN17411-19-7 (dicarbine) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001783 TI[The effect of substance DH 1011 on vascular smooth muscle] AUSotnikova R ; Gibala P; Drimal J TT[Ovplyvnenie hladkeho svalu ciev latkou DH 1011.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p273-8 MJCarbolines; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNArteries /DE; Coronary Vessels /DE; Dogs; Hindlimb /BS MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001784 TI[Use of apatite ceramic in stomatological implants] AUGabor T ; Kristin J ; Satko I; Vasko J ; Andrik P; Novotna L ; Kristinova A TT[Pouzitie apatitovej keramiky v stomatologickej implantologii.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p278-87 MJApatites; Ceramics; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Femur; Implants, Artificial MNDental Materials; Femur /CY; Rabbits; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001785 TI[Humidification and warming of respiratory gases in high-frequency jet pulmonary ventilation] AUTorok P TT[Zvlhcovanie a ohrievanie dychacich plynov pri vysokofrekvencnej dyzovej ventilacii pl'uc.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p288-92 MJRespiration, Artificial /MT MNHeat; Humidity; Respiration, Artificial /IS MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN469-62-5 (Propoxyphene) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001786 TI[The effect of l-propoxyphene on experimental cough] AUStrapkova A ; Nosal'ova G ; Korpas J TT[Ovplyvnenie experimentalneho kasl'a l-propoxyfenom.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p293-9 MJAntitussive Agents; Cough; Propoxyphene MNCats; Cough /PP MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001787 TI[The importance of one-time aorto-arteriography in vascular surgery] AUBencur JM ; Moravec R; Zernovicky F ; Mrlik J ; Labas P ; Kubis J TT[Vyznam jednorazovej aortoarteriografie pre cievnu chirurgiu.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p300-7 MJAngiography; Aortography; Femoral Artery; Ischemia /SU; Leg MNAdult; Ischemia /RA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001788 TI[Vagotomy and gastroduodenal hemorrhage] AUDanis J ; Olejnik J ; Kukura J; Uhnavy P TT[Vagotomia a krvacanie z gastroduodena.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p308-13 MJDuodenal Diseases; Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal; Vagotomy MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001789 TI[Appendicitis in children] AUDragula M; Slamen J ; Stiegler P; Slamenova A ; De Riggo J TT[Prispevok k problematike apendicitid u deti.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p314-9 MJAppendicitis MNAdolescence; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Postoperative Complications MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001790 TI[The importance of radiotherapy in enthesis pathology of the elbow joint] AUVilcek E TT[Vyznam radioterapie pri entezopatiach laktoveho klbu.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p320-5 MJElbow Joint MNAdult; Aged; Joint Diseases /RA; Middle Age MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001791 TI[Malignant lymphoma of the stomach] AUZavarsky F ; Slamen J ; Plank L; Tomoriova K TT[Maligny lymfom zaludka.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p326-35 MJLymphoma; Stomach Neoplasms MNAdult; Middle Age; Sarcoma /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN52-67-5 (Penicillamine) IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001792 TI[A syndrome similar to systemic lupus erythematosus caused by penicillamine in patients with Wilson's disease] AUKalina P; Prochazkova L ; Hauftova D TT[Syndrom podobny systemovemu lupus erythematosus vyvolany penicilaminom u pacienta s Wilsonovou chorobou.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p336-40 MJHepatolenticular Degeneration; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Penicillamine MNAdult; Penicillamine /TU; Syndrome MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001794 TI[The role of hormone systems in the phylogenetic development and integration of higher orders of animals] AULanger P TT[Uloha hormonalnych systemov vo fylogenetickom vyvoji a v integracii organizmu vyssich zivocichov.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p346-58 MJCybernetics; Evolution; Hormones; Phylogeny MNHormones /PH; Neuroregulators MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0006-9248 LASlovak JCB5N UI86001795 TI[Dr. Jozef Pantocek--a pioneer in radiobiology and algology in Slovakia] AUVilcek E PSPantocek J TT[MUDr. Jozef Pantocek--priekopnik radiobiologie a algologie na Slovensku.] EM8601 SOBratisl Lek Listy (Czechoslovakia), Sep 1985, 84(3) p359-65 MNBotany /HI; Czechoslovakia; History of Medicine, 19th Cent.; Pain /TH; Plants, Medicinal; Radiography /HI MCEnglish Abstract; Historical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001814 TI[Eulogy of Guy Laroche (1884-1984)] AURoche J PSLaroche Guy TT[Eloge de Guy Laroche (1884-1984).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p211-6 MNEndocrinology /HI; France; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001815 TI[Toward conservative surgery of the spleen] AUBorges d'Almeida JA TT[Pour une chirurgie reglee de la rate.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p217-24 MJSpleen /SU; Splenectomy MNBacterial Infections /ET; Postoperative Complications; Spleen /IN; Splenic Diseases /TH MTAnimal; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001816 TI[From Georges Heuyer's thesis on juvenile delinquents to the present situation] AUDuche DJ TT[De la these de Georges Heuyer sur les delinquants juveniles a la situation presente.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p225-30 MJJuvenile Delinquency /RH; Mental Health Services /OG MNAdolescence; Child; Emergencies; France; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Hospital Units /OG; Juvenile Delinquency /LJ /PX; Mental Health Services /HI MCEnglish Abstract; Historical Article MTFemale; Human; Male RN13551-87-6 (Misonidazole); 7439-88-5 (Iridium); 7440-14-4 (Radium) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001817 TI[A new method of curietherapy, more efficient and better tolerated: 2-stage curietherapy with changing of the position of the sources and the radiosensitizer] AUBaillet F TT[Une nouvelle methode de curietherapie plus efficace et mieux toleree: la curietherapie en 2 temps avec changement de position des sources et radiosensibilisant.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p231-8 MJBrachytherapy; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms MNFollow-Up Studies; Iridium /TU; Misonidazole /TU; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radium /TU MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001818 TI[Pregnancy following breast cancer surgery (27 pregnancies in 23 women)] AUVerhaeghe M; Querleu D; Laurent JC; Verhaeghe Y TT[Grossesses apres cancer du sein opere (27 grossesses chez 23 femmes).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p241-9 MJAdenocarcinoma; Breast Neoplasms; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic MNAdenocarcinoma /MO /SU; Breast Neoplasms /MO /SU; Follow-Up Studies; Mastectomy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pregnancy; Prognosis MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001819 TI[Current aspects of hepatic amebiasis] AULaverdant C TT[Aspects actuels de l'amibiase hepatique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p251-9 MJLiver Abscess, Amebic MNAdult; Follow-Up Studies; Liver Abscess, Amebic /DT; Nitroimidazoles /TU; Serodiagnosis; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN7553-56-2 (Iodine); 9010-34-8 (Thyroglobulin) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001820 TI[Modulation of thyroid hormone synthesis by thyroglobulin] AULissitzky S TT[Modulation de la synthese des hormones thyroidiennes par la thyroglobuline.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p261-6 MJThyroglobulin /PD; Thyroid Hormones MNDiet; Iodine /AN /ME; Swine; Thyroglobulin /AN /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001821 TI[Tobacco addiction invades the Third World] AUFreour P TT[Le tabagisme envahit le Tiers-Monde.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p267-72 MJDeveloping Countries; Smoking MNAdolescence; Adult; Economics; Health Policy; Smoking /PC MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001822 TI[The activity of human coronary arteries in vitro] AUGodfraind T TT[Activites des arteres coronaires humaines in vitro.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p273-80 MJCardiovascular Agents; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Calcium Channel Blockers /PD; Child; Coronary Vessels /PH; Middle Age; Vasoconstrictor Agents /PD; Vasodilator Agents /PD MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; In Vitro IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001823 TI[Somatic aspects of infantile autism] AULelord G; Hameury L; Bruneau N; Barthelemy C; Muh JP TT[Aspects somatiques de l'autisme infantile.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p281-6 MJAutism, Infantile /ET MNAutism, Infantile /DI /TH; Brain /PP; Child Behavior Disorders /DI; Electroencephalography; Infant MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN50-78-2 (Aspirin) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001824 TI[Weakness of the gastric mucous barrier and hypersthenic dyspepsia] AUBernier JJ; Florent C TT[La faiblesse de la barriere muqueuse gastrique et la dyspepsie hypersthenique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p291-6 MJDyspepsia; Gastric Mucosa /PP MNAspirin /DU /PD; Colonic Diseases /PP; Dyspepsia /PP; Gastric Mucosa /DE; Gastroscopy; Membrane Potentials /DE; Stomach Diseases /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001825 TI[The contribution of music therapy to the management of schizophrenia] AUPailles JV TT[L'apport de la musicotherapie a la prise en charge des schizophrenes.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Feb 1985, 169(2) p297-304 MJMusic Therapy; Schizophrenia MNAdult; Communication; Schizophrenia, Disorganized /TH; Schizophrenic Psychology MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001826 TI[Conjunctival grafts using lyophilized tissue] AUStraub W TT[Les greffes conjonctivales avec du tissu lyophilise.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p331-5 MJBurns, Chemical; Conjunctival Diseases; Conjunctiva /TR; Eye Burns; Tissue Preservation MNCadaver; Conjunctiva /IN /SU; Freeze Drying; Transplantation, Homologous MTHuman RN471-34-1 (Calcium Carbonate) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001827 TI[Pancreatic lithogenesis] AUSarles H TT[Lithogenese pancreatique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p337-43 MJCalculi; Pancreatitis MNCalcium Carbonate /AN; Calculi /PP; Chronic Disease; Pancreatic Juice /AN; Pancreatitis /PP; Proteins /AN MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001828 TI[Eulogy of Pierre Nicolle (1898-1984)] AULe Minor L PSNicolle P TT[Eloge de Pierre Nicolle (1898-1984).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p347-52 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Microbiology /HI; Portraits; Virology /HI MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article RN9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen); 9005-49-6 (Heparin) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001829 TI[Consumption coagulopathies observed in intensive care units (apropos of 359 cases)] AULarcan A TT[Coagulopathies de consommation observees en milieu de reanimation (a propos de 359 observations).] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p353-62 MJDisseminated Intravascular Coagulation MNBlood Coagulation Tests; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation /ET /TH; Fibrinogen /AN; France; Hemorrhage /DI; Heparin /TU; Intensive Care Units; Pregnancy; Shock /DI MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001830 TI[The immunologic diagnosis of leptospirosis: comparison of the ELISA technic with the agglutination-lysis reaction] AUMailloux M; Dufresne Y TT[Le diagnostic immunologique des leptospiroses: comparaison de la technique ELISA a la reaction d'agglutination-lyse.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p363-7 MJAgglutination Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Leptospirosis MNAntigens, Bacterial /AN; Leptospira /IM MCEnglish Abstract MTComparative Study; Human IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001831 TI[Secondary prevention of myocardial infarct using beta-blockers] AUVacheron A TT[Prevention secondaire de l'infarctus myocardique par les beta-bloquants.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p369-73 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Myocardial Infarction /PC MNClinical Trials; Myocardial Infarction /MO; Random Allocation; Recurrence MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001832 TI[Georges Duhamel. Address of the President of the National Academy of Medicine] AUTayeau F PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel. Allocution du president de l'Academie Nationale de Medecine.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p375-8 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Societies, Medical MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001833 TI[Georges Duhamel, the writer] AUWolff E PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, l'ecrivain.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p379-83 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Literature, Modern MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001834 TI[Georges Duhamel and medicine] AUKuss R PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel et la medecine.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p385-91 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Literature, Modern; Medicine in Literature MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001835 TI[Georges Duhamel, the army doctor] AULefebvre P PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, le medecin aux armees.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p393-8 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Military Medicine /HI MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001836 TI[Georges Duhamel, President of the Alliance Francaise] AUPortmann G PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, president de l'Alliance francaise.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p399-404 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Societies /HI MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001837 TI[Georges Duhamel, singer of music] AUBrehant J PSDuhamel G TT[Georges Duhamel, chantre de la musique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p405-9 MNFrance; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Music /HI MCHistorical Article; Historical Biography IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001838 TI[Bioavailability, a generally little known concept] AUFerrando R TT[La biodisponibilite, une notion generale meconnue.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p411-6 MJBiological Availability MNDiet; Drugs /ME; Food; Nutrition; Toxins /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RNEC 2.1.1.37 (DNA (Cytosine-5-); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001839 TI[The effects of carcinogens bound to DNA on the biologic methylation of this DNA. Possible role in chemical carcinogenesis] AUDirheimer G; Pfohl-Leszkowicz A TT[Influence des cancerogenes fixes a l'ADN sur la methylation biologique de cet ADN. Role possible dans la cancerogenese chimique.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p417-21 MJCarcinogens; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase; DNA MNCell Differentiation; Methylation; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal RN7439-89-6 (Iron) IS0001-4079 LAFrench JCB8G UI86001840 TI[Biologic update on hemochromatosis] AUBourel M; Brissot P; Simon M TT[Actualites biologiques sur les hemochromatoses.] EM8601 SOBull Acad Natl Med (Paris) (France), Mar 1985, 169(3) p423-31 MJHemochromatosis MNGenetic Marker; HLA Antigens /AN; Hemochromatosis /FG /ME; Iron /AN /BL; Liver /AN; Models, Biological MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male RN58569-55-4 (Enkephalin, Methionine); 60617-12-1 (beta-endorphin) IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001841 TIThe role of endorphins in septicaemic shock: a pilot study in burned patients. ABThere is recent evidence that circulating opioid peptides, or 'endorphins', act as chemical messengers responsible for the induction of the complex cardiovascular changes leading to hypotension in septicaemic shock. The pilot study of an investigation of opioid peptides in septicaemia in burned patients is presented. Serial measurements of plasma beta-endorphin and metenkephalin were performed throughout the recovery of six patients with large burns (20-70 per cent BSA). Our preliminary findings concur with previous evidence that opioid peptides may play a role in the hypotension of septicaemic shock. AUElliot D; Everitt AS; Gault D; Quaba AA; Hackett ME; Howlett TA; Tomlin SJ; Rees LH EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p387-92 MJBurns; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Methionine; Shock, Septic MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001842 TIIdentification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from burned patients. ABWe retrieved bacterial blood isolates from 397 adult burned patients admitted over a 7-year period. Sixty-two patients (15.6 per cent) developed true-positive bacterial blood cultures (judged non-contaminants), and of these 30 (48.4 per cent) expired. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 isolates), Staphylococcus aureus (19) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (19) were the most frequent isolates. In vitro susceptibilities of 149 isolates were determined to 12 antibiotics (gentamicin, amikacin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, thienamycin and ticarcillin-clavulinic acid) using agar diffusion assay. Thienamycin proved the most active agent (97 per cent of isolates susceptible). Cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin (95 per cent susceptible). Twenty-eight organisms demonstrated multiple drug resistance; patients with such organisms had a 71 per cent mortality. Thienamycin was the most active agent against such isolates (27/28 susceptible). Susceptibilities of all 149 isolates to combinations of antibiotics were calculated, assuming no synergism or antagonism; some combinations of third-generation cephalosporins with the newer penicillins may prove to be as effective as combinations including aminoglycosides. AUHansbrough JF; Carroll WB; Zapata-Sirvent RL; Reller BR; Boswick JA EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p393-403 MJAntibiotics; Bacterial Infections /MI; Bacteria; Burns /MI MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Infections /BL /ET; Bacteria /IP; Burns /BL /CO; Middle Age MTHuman; In Vitro IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001843 TIIncidence of burn wound sepsis in 600 burned patients treated in a developing country. ABInfection is the most important problem in the treatment of burns in a developing country. A burn compromises a major body protective mechanism, namely the skin. Hence, the susceptibility to local infection increases at these sites. The incidence of burn wound sepsis is very high in south India as the socio-economic conditions and the standard of personal hygiene are poor and the hot moist climatic conditions encourage bacterial growth. These three factors are rarely present in the temperate zone countries of Europe and North America. This study was undertaken to identify more clearly the factors that are responsible for the higher incidence of burn wound infection and to formulate methods of treatment which are appropriate for our patient population living in a tropical country. AURamakrishnan KM; Rao DK; Doss CR; Mathivanan T; Manokaran G; Ramachandran K; Jayaraman V; Venkatachalapathy R; Thyagarajan SP EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p404-7 MJBacterial Infections /OC; Burns; Wound Infection /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Bacteria, Aerobic /IP; Bacteria, Anaerobic /IP; Bacterial Infections /ET /MI /TH; Child, Preschool; Child; Fungi /IP; India; Infant; Middle Age; Wound Infection /ET /MI /TH MTFemale; Human; In Vitro; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001844 TIHistopathological and ultrastructural change in liver tissue from burned patients. ABHistopathological studies were made on samples of liver and spleen tissue taken post mortem from 59 patients with severe burns. Samples from 8 patients were also studied using the transmission electron microscope. The main pathological findings were degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells and proliferation of Kupffer cells showing active phagocytosis. Their causes in relation to the time of death after burning and severity of injury have been discussed. The proliferation of Kupffer cells may be a compensatory reaction to the severe splenic injury seen in the patients. AUChen YS; Li N; Shi JQ; Li YP; Davies JW EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p408-18 MJBurns; Liver MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Liver /UL; Middle Age; Spleen /PA /UL MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001845 TIRole of escharotomy and fasciotomy as a first aid measure in the early treatment of an electrically burned arm and wrist. ABThe saving of the hand and forearm of a patient with a deep circumferential electrical burn of the wrist and forearm following contact with 10 000 V AC demonstrates the important role played by escharotomy and fasciotomy in the early treatment of electrically injured extremities. AUWang XW; Sang HH; Davies JW; MacMillan BG; Robinson WA EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p419-22 MJBurns, Electric /SU; Fascia; Forearm /SU; Wrist /SU MNAdult; Burns, Electric /PA; Forearm /BS /PA; Ischemia /SU; Wrist /BS /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001846 TIElectrical injuries due to railway high tension cables. ABWe have noted a large number of young boys being admitted to our Unit with burns due to railway high tension cables. On review of these cases we have noted: most of the burns were due to arcing, there is a high level of ignorance among the population at risk. We propose some ways of preventing these injuries. AUReichl M; Kay S EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p423-6 MJBurns, Electric; Railroads MNAdolescence; Burns, Electric /PC; Child MTHuman; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001847 TIBurn injuries from portable butane camping stoves. ABAdmissions to the Wessex Regional Burns Unit for injuries sustained whilst using portable butane camping stoves are reviewed. There have been 31 cases of such injuries in the past 10 years with one fatal outcome. Most accidents occurred while changing the canister. The number of accidents occurring suggests that these stoves must be regarded as intrinsically very hazardous and that a greater awareness of the dangers by users is necessary. AUSaxby PJ; Shakespeare PG EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p427-8 MJBlast Injuries; Burns, Chemical; Butanes; Camping MNBlast Injuries /OC; Burns, Chemical /OC MTHuman IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001848 TISurvival of an extensively burned child following use of fragments of autograft skin overlain with meshed allograft skin. ABThis report describes the survival of an extensively burned child following the use of fragments of autograft skin overlain with meshed allograft skin. This procedure is thought to be very useful for treating extensively and deeply burned patients, especially children with limited autograft donor sites. AUSawada Y EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p429-33 MJBurns /SU; Skin MNBurns /PA; Child; Transplantation, Autologous /MT; Transplantation, Homologous /MT MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001849 TIBurn wound complicated by marked neurofibromatosis. AUGilbert PM EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p434-5 MJBack; Burns; Neurofibromatosis MNBack /PA /SU; Burns /SU; Middle Age; Neurofibromatosis /SU; Skin /TR MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001850 TIMedical social work in the burns unit. ABThis paper presents the social problem resolving processes in a burns unit integrated in the general hospital service in a welfare society. The social work opens possibilities of improving both patient relationships and society relationships. AUBruun L EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p436-9 MJBurn Units; Hospital Departments; Intensive Care Units; Social Work Department, Hospital MNAccidents; Handicapped; Mental Disorders; Patients /CL /PX MTHuman RN299-28-5 (Calcium Gluconate); 7664-39-3 (Hydrofluoric Acid) IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001851 TIIntra-arterial infusions in the treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns. ABBurns due to hydrofluoric acid are uncommon, but are severe injuries. The mode of action is discussed briefly and the routine management of these patients is outlined. The use of intra-arterial infusions of calcium gluconate is stressed, and case reports are given to support its use. AUPegg SP; Siu S; Gillett G EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p440-3 MJBurns, Chemical; Calcium Gluconate; Gluconates; Hydrofluoric Acid; Infusions, Intra-Arterial MNAccidents, Occupational; Adult; Burns, Chemical /ET /PC MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0305-4179 LAEnglish JCB8K SBM UI86001852 TIBandages of boiled potato peels. ABThe use of potato peels as a dressing for burn wounds has been reported previously. A technique of preparing bandage rolls with boiled potato peels is now presented, which makes dressing of a burn wound more convenient. AUPatil AR; Keswani MH EM8601 SOBurns Incl Therm Inj (England), Aug 1985, 11(6) p444-5 MJBandages; Burns; Potatoes MTHuman RNEC 1.- (Aromatase); 125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide); 13256-45-6 (aminoglutethimide phosphate); 50-28-2 (Estradiol); 53-43-0 (Dehydroepiandrosterone); 633-35-2 (androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001862 TI[Aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of aromatase from chick embryo ovary] ABThe gonads from 13-day-old female chick embryos were cultured in vitro on TC medium 199, and oestradiol production was measured by radioimmunoassay. In the presence of dehydroepiandrosterone as substrate, oestradiol synthesis was markedly increased, but when aminoglutethimide was also present, it was greatly reduced, depending on the concentration of the drug. This result demonstrates inhibition of the aromatizing enzyme system of the chick embryo ovary by aminoglutethimide in vitro. However, sex differentiation of the female gonads was not modified after in vivo treatment. Since it is not known whether their production is completely suppressed in vivo, the hypothesis cannot be dismissed that oestrogens play a role in ovarian differentiation. AUWeniger JP; Vaultier JP; Coumaros G; Zeis A TT[L'aminoglutethimide, inhibiteur de l'aromatase de l'ovaire embryonnaire de Poulet.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(2) p37-40 MJAminoglutethimide; Aromatase; Ovary /EN; Sex Differentiation MNAminoglutethimide /PD; Androstatrienes /PD; Chick Embryo; Dehydroepiandrosterone /ME; Estradiol /BI; Estrogens /PH; Organ Culture; Ovary /EM MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN66796-54-1 (Pro-Opiomelanocortin); 9002-79-3 (MSH) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001863 TI[Immunocytochemical localization of alpha-melanotropin in bovine placenta] ABThe immunocytochemical study of the bovine placenta has demonstrated the presence of cells containing alphamelanotropic hormones, in the decidual epithelium, since the 4th month of pregnancy. The number and the staining intensity of those cells grow up with the placental development. Since the 6th month, we observed the immunoreactional presence of cells in the foetal chorionic epithelium. AUVerstegen J; Fellmann D; Beckers JF TT[Localisation immunocytochimique de l'alphamelanotropine dans le placenta bovin.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(2) p41-6 MJMSH; Placenta MNAmnion /CY; Cattle; Chorion /CY; Decidua /CY; Epithelium /CY; Gestational Age; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; MSH /BI; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Placenta /ME; Pregnancy; Pro-Opiomelanocortin /ME MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001864 TI[Comparison of chain breaks produced in DNA in vivo by gamma rays and neutrons; hypothesis of a new DNA radiolesion] ABUsing the method of alkaline elution for the treatment of cell DNA in chinese hamster fibroblasts irradiated with low doses of either cobalt-60 gamma rays or p (34 MeV) Be neutrons, we determined the kinetics of radio-induced strand breaks. The comparison gamma rays-neutrons reveals important discrepancies which suggest that neutrons induce a so for unknown reaction in DNA simultaneously with single and double strand breakage. This observation could contribute to explain the high RBE value of high LET particles. AUEkert B; Sabattier R; Pironin M; Latarjet R TT[Comparaison des ruptures de chaine produites dans l'ADN in vivo par les rayons gamma et les neutrons; hypothese d'une nouvelle radiolesion de l'ADN.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(3) p53-6 MJDNA MNClone Cells /RE; Gamma Rays; Hamsters; Kidney; Kinetics; Neutrons; Ultrafiltration MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN7585-39-9 (beta-cyclodextrin); 9005-25-8 (Starch); 96-64-0 (Soman) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001865 TI[Inactivation of soman by beta-cyclodextrin] ABSoman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), a mixture of four stereoisomers, is inactivated appreciably in Tris buffer, pH 7.40, mu = 0.155 at 25 degrees C by beta-cyclodextrin (cycloheptaamylose, beta-CD). Under these conditions, the dissociation constant Kd of the 1:1 complex formed by beta-CD and soman and the rate constant k2 for the phosphonylation of beta-CD by soman are (0.53 +/- 0.05)mM and (5.9 +/- 0.6) X 10(-2) min-1 respectively. It results that the inactivation of soman by the mono-anion of beta-CD is about 2,600 times faster than the hydrolysis of soman by the hydroxide ion. The inactivation of both P(-) isomers of soman by beta-CD proceeds apparently at the same rate but both P(+) isomers react more slowly. Thus the interaction is stereospecific. The inactivation of soman by beta-CD appears to be as fast in human plasma in vitro as in Tris buffer. AUSaint-Andre S ; Desire B TT[Inactivation du soman par la beta-cyclodextrine.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(3) p67-72 MJCyclodextrins; Dextrins; Soman /ME; Starch MNChemistry; Cyclodextrins /PD; Kinetics; Soman /AI; Stereoisomers MCEnglish Abstract RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001866 TI[Morphological changes of the terminations of afferent pathways in a neurodegenerative lesion induced by kainic acid] AB30 days after kainic acid injection into the rat ventrobasal thalamus, lemniscal afferents were labeled using wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated to HRP. They appeared considerably swollen in the area where neuronal post-synaptic targets had been eliminated. Electron microscopic analysis of the lesioned tissue revealed the presence of large profiles containing numerous organelles, particularly smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and giving rise to thin excrescences filled with neurofilaments. Since these morphological features are typical of regenerating ╥growth cones╙, we conclude that afferent terminals deprived of their post-synaptic targets undergo morphological changes preparing them for new synapses. AUPeschanski M; Poingt JP; Roudier F; Besson JM TT[Alterations morphologiques des terminaisons de voies afferentes lors d'une lesion neurodegenerative induite par l'acide kainique.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(3) p83-8 MJKainic Acid; Thalamus MNAfferent Pathways /UL; Cytoskeleton /UL; Endoplasmic Reticulum /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Rats; Thalamus /UL MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Male RN0 (mitogenic factor receptor); 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate); 56937-68-9 (phorbolol myristate acetate) IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001867 TI[Phorbol diester induces phenotypic and functional changes in human T-lymphocyte clones] ABTumor promoting phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induce to enhance the expression of IL2 Receptor and to decrease the antigen receptor expression on the cell surface. The same phenotypic changes are also observed when the T cell clones are stimulated by the specific ligand. In contrast to the IL2 Receptor induced by the specific antigen, the ones induced by PMA are less active. AUBensussan A; Bourge JF; Reinherz EL; Degos L; Sasportes M TT[Le phorbol diester induit au niveau de clones de lymphocytes T humains des modifications phenotypiques et fonctionnelles.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(4) p121-4 MJPhorbols; T Lymphocytes; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate /PD MNAntigens, Surface /AN; Cell Division /DE; Clone Cells /DE; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Phenotype; Receptors, Immunologic /ME; T Lymphocytes /IM /PH; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate /AA MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0249-6313 LAFrench JCCA1 SBM UI86001868 TI[Administration of interferon suppresses clinical and electromyographic signs of myasthenia gravis experimentally transmitted from man to rats] ABIntramuscular injection of rat interferon to rats which have been rendered myasthenic after injection of whole blood from patients suffering from myasthenia gravis, suppressed rapidly and almost totally the clinical and electromyographical signs of the disease. Moreover, diseased rats injected with interferon immediately presented an increase in appetite, often accompanied with a rapid and important increase in body weight. AUCueva J; Loshl D ; Andre P ; Warter JM; Poindron P TT[L'administration d'interferon supprime les signes cliniques et electromyographiques de la myasthenia gravis transmise experimentalement de l'homme au rat.] EM8601 SOC R Acad Sci [III] (France), 1985, 301(4) p125-30 MJInterferons; Myasthenia Gravis /TH MNDisease Models, Animal; Electromyography; Feeding Behavior /DE; Myasthenia Gravis /PP; Rats MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Human IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001869 TIThe role of the family physician in the care of the child with cancer. ABCancer in the child is no longer a death sentence. Although the treatment has become complex, the survival rate has increased impressively. Modern treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach, which should include the primary physician as a key member of the highly skilled treatment team. AUFernbach DJ EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p258-70 MJNeoplasms /TH; Physician's Role; Physicians, Family; Role MNAntineoplastic Agents /TU; Autopsy; Child; Eye Neoplasms /TH; Gait; Immunization /AE; Neoplasms /CO /DI; Pain /ET; Patient Discharge; Patient Isolation; Professional-Family Relations; Referral and Consultation; Thrombocytopenia /ET MCReview MTHuman IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001870 TIDelayed consequences of therapy for childhood cancer. AUMeadows AT; Silber J EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p271-86 MJNeoplasms /TH MNAdolescence; Adult; Central Nervous System /DE /RE; Child Development /DE /RE; Child, Preschool; Child; Eye /DE /RE; Gastrointestinal System /DE /RE; Growth /DE /RE; Heart /DE /RE; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Liver /DE /RE; Lung /DE /RE; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms /PX; Reproduction /DE /RE; Time Factors; Urinary Tract /DE /RE MCReview MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001871 TIPediatric brain tumors: an overview. AUDuffner PK; Cohen ME; Freeman AI EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p287-301 MJBrain Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Antineoplastic Agents /AD; Astrocytoma /RT /SU; Brain Neoplasms /CO /DI /PP /TH; Brain Stem; Cerebellar Neoplasms /RT /SU; Child, Preschool; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Craniopharyngioma /RT /SU; Ependymoma /SU; Glioma /RT /SU; Long Term Care; Medulloblastoma /DT /RT /SU /TH; Prognosis MCReview MTHuman IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001872 TIImpediments to treatment and rehabilitation of the childhood cancer patient. AULansky SB EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p302-7 MJChild Behavior; Neoplasms /TH; Sick Role MNChild; Neoplasms /PX /RH; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations; Patient Compliance; Phobic Disorders /PX; Regression (Psychology); Schools MTHuman IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001873 TIA monocytic leukemoid reaction in a patient with myelodysplasia. AUWeitberg AB EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p308-10 MJLeukemoid Reaction; Neural Tube Defects MNAged; Leukocyte Count; Monocytes; Syndrome MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (cryoprecipitate coagulum); 9001-32-5 (Fibrinogen) IS0007-9235 LAEnglish JCCB5 SBA; M UI86001874 TITransfusion therapy for patients with cancer. AULichtiger B; Huh YO EM8601 SOCA (United States), Sep-Oct 1985, 35(5) p311-6 MJBlood Transfusion; Neoplasms MNBlood Platelets /TR; Blood Transfusion /AE /MT; Erythrocytes /TR; Factor VIII /AD; Fibrinogen /AD; Freezing; Granulocytes /TR; Leukocytes /TR; Plasma /TR MCReview MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001875 TI[Genetic and epidemiological study on schizophrenia] AUZhang YH EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p321-4 MJSchizophrenia MNChina; Questionnaires; Risk; Schizophrenia /OC MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman RN7439-93-2 (Lithium) IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001876 TI[Clinical study of 86 cases of manic-depressive psychosis] AUCai JB EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p325-8 MJBipolar Disorder /OC MNAdolescence; Adult; Bipolar Disorder /DT; Child; China; Depressive Disorder /DT /OC; Lithium /AD /TU; Manic Disorder /DT /OC; Middle Age; Prospective Studies MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001877 TI[98 cases of senile psychosis treated with antipsychotics] AULiu WH EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p329-31 MJDementia, Senile; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /TU MNAge Factors; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Middle Age; Tranquilizing Agents, Major /AD /AE MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001878 TI[Seasonal relationship to the onset of affective psychoses] AUZhong XS; Xu HS EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p332-4 MJAffective Disorders, Psychotic MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; China; Middle Age; Seasons MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001879 TI[Detection of rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis] AUJiang JY EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p335-7 MJGastroenteritis; Rotaviruses MNAcute Disease; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Feces /MI; Infant MCEnglish Abstract MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001880 TI[Cerebral blood flow of 106 normal Chinese adults determined by 133Xe inhalation] AUTian WX EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p338-40 MJCerebrovascular Circulation MNAdult; Age Factors; China; Middle Age; Occupations; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Xenon Radioisotopes /DU MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001881 TI[Analysis of the effects of surgical treatment in 53 cases of nonspecific thyroiditis] AUHuo RZ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p341-3 MJThyroiditis /SU MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Follow-Up Studies; Hyperthyroidism /CO; Middle Age; Thyroiditis /CO MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001882 TI[Abnormal low-density lipoprotein receptor activities in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic patients] AUCai HJ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p344-8 MJHomozygote; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial; Receptors, LDL MNAdolescence; Adult; Child, Preschool; Child; China; Hypercholesterolemia, Familial /FG; Pedigree; Xanthoma, Juvenile /PA MCEnglish Abstract MTFemale; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001883 TI[Placental trophoblastic tumor of the uterus: 5 cases] AUZhang JM EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p349-51 MJTrophoblastic Tumor; Uterine Neoplasms MNAdult; Choriocarcinoma /DI; Diagnosis, Differential; Pregnancy; Trophoblastic Tumor /PA; Uterine Neoplasms /PA MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001884 TI[Localization of HBsAg and HBcAg by peroxidase-labeled antibody] AUHong SF EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p352-4 MJHepatitis B Core Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens MNHepatitis B /IM; Hepatoma /IM; Immunoenzyme Technics; Liver Cirrhosis /IM; Liver Neoplasms /IM; Liver /IM; Retrospective Studies MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001885 TI[7 cases of extramammary Paget's disease] AUWang JB EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p355-7 MJPaget's Disease, Extra-Mammary; Vulvar Neoplasms MNAged; Middle Age; Paget's Disease, Extra-Mammary /DI /TH; Scrotum; Skin Neoplasms /DI /TH; Vulvar Neoplasms /DI /TH MTCase Report; Female; Human; Male IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001886 TI[Various types of complicated urinary fistula] AUJinag SZ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p359-61 MJUrinary Fistula MNAdult; Methods; Middle Age; Rectal Fistula /SU; Vesicovaginal Fistula /SU MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001887 TI[Analysis of the causes of the patient's unresponsiveness to follow-up letters after resection of stomach cancer] AUSun ZX; Wang SB EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p362-3 MJStomach Neoplasms MNFollow-Up Studies; Patient Compliance; Prognosis; Questionnaires MTHuman IS0300-2578 LAChinese JCCDG UI86001888 TI[Enteric infection due to Campylobacter jejuni] AUZhang C; Zhang XZ EM8601 SOChung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (China), Jun 1985, 65(6) p368-70 MJCampylobacter Infections /MI; Jejunal Diseases /MI MNAdolescence; Adult; Campylobacter Infections /DI /DT; Campylobacter fetus /IP; Child, Preschool; Child; Enteritis /DI /DT /MI; Infant; Jejunal Diseases /DI /DT; Middle Age MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male RN1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001889 TIH.-I. Chu: pioneer clinical investigator of vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia in China. A scientific and personal tribute. AUParfitt AM PSChu HI EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p335-9 MJOsteomalacia; Vitamin D Deficiency MNChina; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; Pregnancy; Vitamin D /ME /TU MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article MTFemale; Human IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001890 TIBone mineral content of the femoral neck and shaft: relation between cortical and trabecular bone. ABBone mineral content (BMC) of the femoral neck and shaft was determined with dual photon absorptiometry, using 153Gd. Comparison of BMC with the amount of hydroxyapatite (HA) of in vitro specimen showed correlation coefficients of 0.992 and 0.996 for the femoral neck and shaft respectively. In the femoral neck the amount of cortical bone in a bone section varies from 16% ash weight in the proximal part to 71% in the distal part. Corresponding to the site of BMC measurements, the cortical bone constitutes 57% in the femoral neck and 95% in the femoral shaft. The precision error of measurements of BMC in vivo, expressed as the coefficient of variation for repeated determinations, was 1.4% for the femoral neck and 1.3% for the femoral shaft. In the femoral neck it is possible to distinguish between structures consisting mainly of cortical bone and structures containing mostly trabecular bone. While the cortical bone value decreases only slowly with age in normal women, corresponding to BMC of the femoral shaft, the trabecular bone value decreases rapidly even compared with BMC of the femoral neck. Despite the significant correlation between the values for cortical and trabecular bone a distinction seems essential from a clinical point of view. AUBohr H; Schaadt O EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p340-4 MJBone and Bones; Femur; Minerals MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Organ Specificity; Reference Values MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001891 TIIntersample variation in bone histomorphometry: comparison between parameter values measured on two contiguous transiliac bone biopsies. ABIn order to evaluate the intersample variations for bone histomorphometric parameters in various metabolic bone diseases, either for a group or for one single patient, two complete contiguous transiliac bone biopsies were taken in 55 subjects. The diagnoses were osteoporosis (OP), renal osteodystrophy (ROD), osteomalacia (OM), primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), metastatic bone disease, fluorosis, thyrotoxic bone, and ╥normal╙ bone. The following histomorphometric parameters were measured: trabecular bone volume (TBV), trabecular osteoid surfaces (TOS) and volume (TOV), trabecular resorption surfaces (TRS), and calcification rate (CR). The thickness index of osteoid seams (TIOS) was calculated. The measurements were performed with both manual and computerized methods which give similar results according to our previous study. The differences between parameters values measured on both cores were expressed by the difference in percent of the mean and by the intrapair coefficient of variation. Moreover, for each parameter, the confidence interval for one subject was calculated from the residual mean square of a two-way analysis of variance. For each parameter, the intersample variation differs according to the diagnosis. Confidence interval (risk = 5%) for one single subject reaches 29% for TBV in OP; 16% for TOS; 26% for TOV and TIOS in OM; 25% for TRS in ROD, and 69% in HPT, but is much lower for groups of 10 and 20 patients. These variations must be taken into account when successive biopsies are performed in one individual or in groups of patients to follow the course of a disease or evaluate the effects of a therapy. AUChavassieux PM; Arlot ME; Meunier PJ EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p345-50 MJBone Diseases; Bone and Bones /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms /PA /SC; Bone Resorption; Bone and Bones /CY; Child; Hyperparathyroidism /CO /PA; Hyperthyroidism /CO /PA; Middle Age; Osteomalacia /PA; Osteoporosis /PA; Reference Values; Renal Osteodystrophy /PA MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN52232-67-4 (parathyroid hormone peptide (1-34); 60-27-5 (Creatinine); 60-92-4 (Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001893 TIComparison of renal responses to synthetic human PTH(1-34) administration in normal young and elderly male subjects. ABA parathyroid hormone (PTH) loading test with synthetic human PTH(1-34) was performed in 7 young and 6 elderly normal males. The elderly subjects had significantly higher mean basal levels of serum PTH than the young subjects (0.262 +/- 0.035(SE) vs 0.097 +/- 0.012 ng Eq/ml, P less than 0.001). When human PTH(1-34) at a dose of 100 U was administered to these subjects, the mean increases in urinary excretions of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate(cAMP) and inorganic phosphorus (Pi), expressed as increases in absolute amounts per unit time, were significantly lower in the elderly subjects. (3.65 +/- 1.02 vs 7.41 +/- 1.05 mumol/h, P less than 0.05 for cAMP and 14.7 +/- 6.3 vs 41.8 +/- 8.6 mg/2h, P less than 0.05 for Pi) and an inverse correlation was found between the serum PTH levels and the increases in urinary cAMP excretion (mumol/hr; r = -0.63, P less than 0.05). However, when corrected for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the units of PTH administered per kg body weight, the increases were not significantly different in the two groups (elderly 52.1 +/- 7.5 vs young 60.0 +/- 19.2 nmol . kg/100 ml GFR . U . h for cAMP and 0.315 +/- 0.061 vs 0.186 +/- 0.044 mg . kg/100 ml GFR . U . 2 h respectively for Pi).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUImanaka S; Onishi T; Morimoto S; Takamoto S; Kohno H; Kumahara Y EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p357-62 MJKidney; Parathyroid Hormones /DU; Peptide Fragments MNAdenosine Cyclic Monophosphate /UR; Adult; Aged; Aging; Calcium /BL; Creatinine /ME; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney /PH; Parathyroid Hormones /BL; Phosphates /BL /UR; Serum Albumin /AN MTComparative Study; Human; Male RN7439-95-4 (Magnesium); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001894 TIStatistical evidence for the relation between citrate and carbonate in human cortical bone. ABBone specimens from the anterior iliac crest were collected post-mortem from 128 subjects whose death had been primarily caused by acute coronary disease or accidents. The cortical bone was separated and used for the following determinations: citrate by an enzymatic method, carbon dioxide by microdiffusion, chloride and phosphorus by spectrophotometry, fluoride by the ion-selective electrode technique, and Ca, Mg, Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The citrate concentration (+/- SD) was 10.9 +/- 3.1 mg/g (dry weight) and was not age-dependent. A statistically significant negative correlation was obtained between citrate and carbon dioxide, however, which was confirmed by regression analysis. The only statistically significant differences in carbon dioxide and fluoride concentrations between three citrate groups were obtained between the lowest group (3.2-8.7 mg/g) and the highest (13.1-16.8 mg/g). In conclusion an inverse relationship may suggest either an effect of citrate on the binding of carbonate to apatite structures, or that the carbonate concentration is dependent to a slight degree on citrate metabolism. AUKnuuttila M; Lappalainen R; Alakuijala P; Lammi S EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p362-6 MJBone Development; Bone and Bones; Carbonates; Citrates MNAdult; Aged; Aging; Calcium /AN; Fluorides /AN; Magnesium /AN; Middle Age; Phosphates /AN; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Zinc /AN MTFemale; Human; Male RN7440-70-2 (Calcium); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001895 TIInfluence of pharmacological doses of calcitonin on serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration. ABThe effect has been studied of continuous infusion of calcitonin in 14 hypercalcemic patients and 5 patients with Paget's disease of the bones. In all hypercalcemic patients but one, a good serum calcium lowering effect was obtained. In all subjects there was a significant decrease of serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration during calcitonin infusion (4.1 +/- 3.4 vs 2.9 +/- 2.5 mg . l-1; P less than 0.01). Especially in patients with an initial increased serum beta 2 microglobulin, a pronounced decrement of this serum beta 2 microglobulin was achieved. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the drop in serum calcium concentration and the serum beta 2 microglobulin concentration before calcitonin infusion (r = 0.83; P less than or equal to 0.01). Urinary beta 2 microglobulin excretion did not change significantly during calcitonin infusion. These results led to the speculation that the serum calcium lowering effect of calcitonin is not only the result of the direct antiosteoclastic effect of this hormone but that some immunologic modulating effect of calcitonin on the monocyte macrophage system of the bones is contributory to this hypocalcemic effect of calcitonin. AUMulder H; van Bolhuis H; Naafs MA; Winckers PL EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p367-71 MJBeta 2 Microglobulin; Bone Diseases; Calcitonin; Hypercalcemia /DT; Osteitis Deformans /DT MNAdult; Aged; Beta 2 Microglobulin /UR; Calcium /BL; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypercalcemia /BL /ET; Hyperparathyroidism /CO; Middle Age; Neoplasms /CO; Osteitis Deformans /BL MTFemale; Human; Male IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001896 TIInfrared determination of the degree of substitution of hydroxyl by carbonate ions in human dental enamel. ABAbout 11 +/- 1% of the carbonate ions in a human tooth enamel specimen (dense fraction, sp. g. greater than 2.95) were found to be in the A-sites, replacing hydroxyl ions. The determination was made with a difference infrared spectrometry technique utilizing both tooth enamel and a reconstituted biological apatite with a known amount of replacement of hydroxyl by carbonate ions. AUElliott JC; Holcomb DW; Young RA EM8601 IDDE-01912 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p372-5 MJCarbonates; Dental Enamel; Hydroxides MNCalcium Phosphates /AN; Hydroxylation; Spectrophotometry, Infrared /MT; X-Ray Diffraction MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN16389-88-1 (dolomite); 471-34-1 (Calcium Carbonate); 7439-95-4 (Magnesium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001897 TIDolomite as a possible magnesium-containing phase in human tooth enamel. ABA solid-state chemical model is derived to estimate the solubility of dolomites having different degrees of cation ordering. It is shown that the solubility of dolomites formed by precipitation at ordinary temperatures is such that it allows for the formation of dolomite in tooth enamel during in vivo mineralization. AUDriessens FC; Verbeeck RM EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p376-80 MJCalcium Carbonate; Dental Enamel; Magnesium; Minerals MNChemistry; Kinetics; Solubility MTHuman RN77-92-9 (citric acid); 7782-41-4 (Fluorine) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001898 TIFluorine concentration changes in human periodontally diseased tooth roots following several treatment times with citric acid. ABCitric acid conditioning of exposed cementum has become an important adjunct to the clinical management of periodontal disease, and aggressive root planing is recommended to remove hypermineralized and endotoxin-laden diseased cementum. A nuclear resonance reaction technique was used to examine fluorine concentration changes subsequent to application of citric acid (pH 1.0) to the periodontal disease-exposed cementum surfaces of human tooth roots. The technique does not require the test teeth to be sectioned, thereby permitting longitudinal assessments of changes in fluorine concentration and minimizing measurement errors due to the considerable biological variation found between individuals. Initial fluorine concentrations ranged from 0.9%-2.4%, and maxima occurred within 4-6 microns of the surface, suggesting the presence of a hypermineralized layer. Within 60 sec, the citric acid had effectively removed the hypermineralized layer and the previously observed fluctuations in fluorine concentration leveled out at 0.3%-0.5%. Although the results indicated rapid removal of the hypermineralized layer and establishment of fluorine levels normally found in healthy cementum, the experimental design did not permit appraisal of potential effects upon the organic components of periodontally-exposed cementum. AUSampson WJ; Crawford AW EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p381-5 MJCitrates; Fluorine; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Diseases; Tooth Root MNKinetics; Time Factors; Tooth Root /DE MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 9007-73-2 (Ferritin) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001899 TIIron uptake by teeth and bones: a Mossbauer effect study. ABIron uptake (Fe2+ and Fe3+) by bones, teeth, and dental enamel was studied, in vivo and in vitro, by chemical, powder X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy methods. Atomic absorption tests have revealed the permanent uptake of small amounts of iron by dental enamel soaked in vitro in solutions containing Fe2+. Mossbauer spectra show that the iron attached to the dental enamel stays at the same valency it had in the soaking solutions. Mossbauer measurements of in vivo samples show that iron is present in bones and teeth mainly as Fe3+ (10% Fe2+ in teeth), in compound similar to FeOOH. Iron is released or exchanged from teeth at a much lower rate than from bones. AUBauminger E; Ofer S; Gedalia I; Horowitz G; Mayer I EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p386-9 MJBone and Bones; Dental Enamel; Iron /ME; Tooth MNBiological Transport; Ferritin /AN; Iron /DF; Kinetics; Rats; Spectrum Analysis; Thermodynamics MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro RN2197-63-9 (dicetylphosphate); 25999-31-9 (Lasalocid); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001900 TILiposome-mediated calcium phosphate formation in metastable solutions. ABThe present study examined the effect of anionic liposomes on precipitate formation in supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions. The liposomes were prepared by dispersing 7:2:1 molar mixtures of phosphatidylcholine, dicetyl phosphate, and cholesterol in buffered aqueous solutions containing 0 or 50 mM inorganic phosphate (PI). Unencapsulated PI was removed by gel filtration. The liposomes were then suspended in reaction solutions containing 2.25 mM Ca2+ and either 0, 1.0, or 1.5 mM PI. All experiments were carried out at 22 degrees C, pH 7.4, and 240 mOsm. External solution Ca2+ and PI losses were found to be appreciable only when the membranes of liposomes containing entrapped PI were made permeable to Ca2+ with the addition to the suspension of the ionophore X-537A. The Ca2+ losses, moreover, were up to 3 times as great (1.5 vs 0.5 mM) when accompanied by external PI losses than in PI-free external solutions where Ca2+ alone was involved. Previous studies showed that in this latter situation, decline in external Ca2+ concentration was the result of precipitate formation in the aqueous interiors of the liposomes. The present findings suggest that when the external solution phase was metastable, the apparent coupling of large additional Ca2+ losses with intraliposomal precipitation was due to secondary precipitation brought about by the seeding action of intraliposomal crystals penetrating into the external solution. The results may explain in part the origin of extravesicular mineral deposits in matrix vesicle calcification. AUEanes ED; Hailer AW EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p390-4 MJCalcium Phosphates; Liposomes; Phosphatidylcholines MNCalcium; Cholesterol; Drug Stability; Kinetics; Lasalocid; Phosphates; Phosphoric Acid Esters; Solutions RN1306-06-5 (hydroxyapatite); 9007-27-6 (Chondroitin) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001901 TIMechanisms of proteoglycan inhibition of hydroxyapatite growth. ABPurified bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycans (aggregate and subunit containing fractions) and to a lesser degree, chondroitin 4-sulfate of physiological size, retard seeded hydroxyapatite (HA) growth in vitro. The large hydrodynamic size and high charge density of these macromolecules are believed to be associated with the ability of proteoglycans to inhibit HA formation and growth. We now demonstrate the involvement of the negative charges of proteoglycans in this inhibition by comparing the inhibitory ability of chondroitin 4-sulfate and its desulfated analog, and by comparing the growth of HA seed crystals coated either with proteoglycan aggregates or chondroitin 4-sulfate to that of uncoated crystals. In the desulfation experiments, desulfated chondroitin sulfate was a less efficient HA growth inhibitor than untreated, undesulfated chondroitin sulfate of similar molecular size. Dextran sulfate showed higher inhibitory effectiveness than unchanged neutral dextran. Both experiments suggest that sulfate groups play an important role in the regulation of mineral deposition by proteoglycans. In the coating experiment, precoating of HA seed crystals with proteoglycan aggregates decreased the amount of HA precipitated as a function of time, suggesting proteoglycans may block the active nucleating sites on HA surface and slow down the growth process. Chondroitin 4-sulfate had a similar but weaker coating effect. Neutral dextran, having little affinity for HA, had no effect. AUChen CC; Boskey AL EM8601 IDDE-04141 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p395-400 MJChondroitin Sulfates; Chondroitin; Hydroxyapatites; Proteoglycans MNCartilage; Cattle; Chemistry; Dextrans; Nose; X-Ray Diffraction MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN14567-92-1 (brushite); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001902 TIIn vitro precipitation of calcium phosphate under intracellular conditions: formation of brushite from an amorphous precursor in the absence of ATP. ABRelease of mitochondrial calcium has been shown to occur concomitant with mineral ion loading of matrix vesicles at the onset of mineralization in epiphyseal growth plate cartilage. Matrix vesicles contain amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), a mineral form that usually results from rapid precipitation at high initial levels of Ca2+ and/or inorganic P (Pi). Since the cytosol of growth plate chondrocytes has been found to contain high levels of Pi, rapid release of mitochondrial Ca2+ into the cytosol may cause local precipitation of calcium phosphate and thus be coupled with matrix vesicle formation. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics and nature of mineral formation that occur when small amounts of Ca2+ are added under various conditions to a Pi buffer composed of electrolytes matched in concentrations and pH to that of the cytosol of epiphyseal chondrocytes. Depending on the manner in which Ca2+ was added, ACP, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), or apatite (HA) first formed. In the presence of ATP, ACP was the only solid phase detected, being stable for at least 24 h. However, in its absence, ACP rapidly transformed into DCPD. Increasing the pH of the reaction buffer from 6.9 to 7.5 increased the amount of ACP initially formed, but DCPD was consistently found upon ACP transformation. Yet at pH 8.0, ACP persisted for at least 24 h. The amount of precipitate formed was proportional to the level of added Ca2+; precipitates formed when as little as 1.0 mmole was added per liter of buffer. Our findings support the possibility that rapid release of mitochondrial Ca2+ may cause localized intracellular precipitation of ACP. Since nascent ACP is known to stimulate membrane fusion and blebbing of vesicles, these findings may explain the presence of ACP in matrix vesicles. The rapid conversion of ACP to DCPD in the absence of ATP under these conditions may also explain the reported occurrence of DCPD in samples of early mineralizing tissue. AUWuthier RE; Rice GS; Wallace JE Jr; Weaver RL; LeGeros RZ; Eanes ED EM8601 IDAm-18983 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p401-10 MJAdenosine Triphosphate; Calcium Phosphates MNCartilage /PH; Growth Plate /PH; Kinetics; Mitochondria /ME; Models, Biological; Molecular Conformation; Precipitation; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction MTHuman; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001903 TIRegulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. ABThe in vivo remodeling behavior within a bone protected from natural loading was modified over an 8-week period by daily application of 100 consecutive 1 Hz load cycles engendering strains within the bone tissue of physiological rate and magnitude. This load regime resulted in a graded dose:response relationship between the peak strain magnitude and change in the mass of bone tissue present. Peak longitudinal strains below 0.001 were associated with bone loss which was achieved by increased remodeling activity, endosteal resorption, and increased intra-cortical porosis. Peak strains above 0.001 were associated with little change in intra-cortical remodeling activity but substantial periosteal and endosteal new bone formation. AURubin CT; Lanyon LE EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p411-7 MJBone Development; Bone and Bones; Ulna MNBone Resorption; Species Specificity; Stress, Mechanical; Turkeys MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001904 TIAbnormal parathyroid function in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse. ABEmploying a cytochemical bioassay, we compared parathyroid function in normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice. Under basal conditions Hyp mice manifested hypocalcemia and, in accord, had a plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration (3.04 +/- 0.14 pg/ml) significantly greater than that of normals (2.16 +/- 0.14 pg/ml). We confirmed the validity of the bioassay by demonstrating that the plasma collected from both mouse models diluted parallel to the assay standard curve. Moreover, after parathyroidectomy, normal and Hyp mice had plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone levels approximately 90% less than those obtained under basal conditions and indistinguishable from one another. In further studies we observed that dietary calcium and/or vitamin D deprivation in both animal models resulted in a comparable decline of the plasma calcium concentration. However, the concordant increase of the circulating bioactive parathyroid hormone level was greater in the normal mice. Thus, the bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration obtained in response to a low calcium challenge in normals was significantly greater than that in Hyp mice. In contrast, in response to dietary calcium loading, the plasma bioactive parathyroid hormone levels did not decrease significantly from basal values in either animal model. These data illustrate that the bioactive parathyroid hormone concentration in both normal and Hyp mice is inversely correlated with the plasma calcium. However, while the Hyp mice maintain an elevated plasma parathyroid hormone concentration under basal conditions (in response to a decreased plasma calcium), the parathyroid activity of the mutants after a more severe hypocalcemic challenge is attenuated, resulting in a significantly different model of linear correlation. Thus, these data indicate that Hyp mice manifested abnormal regulation of parathyroid function. AUPosillico JT; Lobaugh B; Muhlbaier LH; Drezner MK EM8601 ID2R01-AM-27032; 5R01-AM-27032; 5 K04 AM00643; + SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p418-22 MJHypophosphatemia, Familial /PP; Parathyroid Glands MNCalcium /BL; Hypophosphatemia, Familial /BL; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Parathyroid Hormones /BL; Phosphates /BL; Reference Values; Species Specificity; X Chromosome MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001905 TIResponse of tissue phosphate content to acute dietary phosphate deprivation in the X-linked hypophosphatemic mouse. ABIn order to evaluate a possible role for tissue phosphate or phosphorylated compounds in mediating the increase in plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 levels during dietary phosphate deprivation, renal cortical phosphate content has been measured in both normal and X-linked hypophosphatemic mice on a normal diet and also after acute dietary phosphate deprivation. We find that the metabolism of inorganic phosphate and phosphorylated organic compounds in the renal cortex of Hyp mice is not altered in response to their very low levels of serum phosphate. Skeletal muscle does not lose inorganic phosphate and/or phosphorylated metabolites to compensate for drastic loses of serum phosphate during acute dietary deprivation in either normal or Hyp mice. Furthermore, the chronic low level of serum phosphate and altered hormonal regulation in Hyp mice do not produce alterations in mineral composition of the bone with the possible exception that the stoichiometry of the apatite might be slightly different. AUBrown CE; Wilkie CA; Meyer MH; Meyer RA Jr EM8601 IDAM-31258 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p423-30 MJBone and Bones; Hypophosphatemia, Familial; Kidney; Minerals; Muscles; Phosphates MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Mice; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Phosphorylation; Reference Values; X Chromosome MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN10028-17-8 (Tritium); 147-85-3 (Proline); 50-89-5 (Thymidine); 7005-03-0 (Leucine); 9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001906 TIMechanical stretching increases the number of cultured bone cells synthesizing DNA and alters their pattern of protein synthesis. ABA simple method was devised for applying mechanical stretching to bone cell cultures. Bone cells cultured on the flexible plastic membrane of a Petriperm dish are placed over a template with a convex surface. A lead weight is then placed on top of the dish which causes the membrane and the tightly attached cells to be stretched. Mechanical stretching, applied either intermittently or continuously for a 2-hour period resulted in a 64% increase in the number of cells synthesizing DNA. Stretching the cells also significantly increased incorporation of tritiated proline and tritiated leucine. To assay the ratio of collagenous to noncollagenous protein, medium and cell layers of cultures labeled with tritiated leucine were incubated with collagenase and the digests chromatographed on PD 10 columns. The amount of collagen synthesized by stretched and unstretched cultures did not differ; but an increased synthesis of noncollagenous proteins was observed in the stretched cultures. AUHasegawa S; Sato S; Saito S; Suzuki Y; Brunette DM EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p431-6 MJBone and Bones /ME; DNA Replication; Proteins MNAnimals, Newborn; Bone and Bones /CY; Cells, Cultured; Collagen /BI; DNA /BI; Leucine /ME; Proline /ME; Rats; Stress, Mechanical; Thymidine /ME; Tritium MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN50-28-2 (Estradiol) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001907 TIThe effects of continuous estradiol therapy on cortical bone remodeling activity in the spayed beagle. ABRibs from 6 oophorectomized and 4 17 beta-estradiol-supplemented spayed, 4-year-old Beagle dams were subjected to histomorphometric analyses to determine what effects continuous estradiol treatment of 9 months duration had on the Basic Multicellular Unit (BMU) of cortical bone remodeling. The findings of this study suggest that 17 beta-estradiol has a two-step mode of action. First, this estrogen directly suppresses the formation of new BMUs. Secondly, it causes uncoupling of the Resorption/Formation (R/F) mechanism within each BMU, together with the creation of an approximate 1:1 balance between bone resorption and bone formation. This balance is probably responsible for the preservation of cortical bone mass seen to occur with continuous estrogen replacement therapy. AUSnow GR; Anderson C EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p437-40 MJBone Development; Bone and Bones; Estradiol; Ovariectomy MNBone Resorption /DE; Dogs; Ribs /AH /DE /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN10028-17-8 (Tritium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001908 TIStudy of the localization of [3H]bovine parathyroid hormone in bone by light microscope autoradiography. ABBovine parathyroid hormone labeled with tritium on the methionine residues by [3H]methyl exchange ([3H]bPTH) was administered intravenously to 35-day-old mice and localized in tissues by light microscope autoradiography. After 10 min most of the [3H]bPTH had been taken up from plasma. In the kidney and liver, radioactivity was not displaced by simultaneous administration of unlabeled bPTH, and was as intense after giving oxidized [3H]bPTH ([3H]ox bPTH) as [3H]bPTH, suggesting that binding was largely associated with nonspecific processes. In long bones, [3H]bPTH was bound to osteoblasts and preosteoblasts lining the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of compact bone. In the area of the growth-plate there was intense labeling on new endochondrial bone, and on hypertrophic chondrocytes in the region of calcification. There was little labeling in marrow and, in contrast to other tissues, much reduced binding was seen when a large excess of unlabeled parathyroid hormone was administered together with [3H]bPTH, or when [3H]ox bPTH was given. It is concluded that binding of parathyroid hormone to cells in bone is largely specific, and that the hormone has a function in cartilage which relates to the differentiation and calcification of chondrocytes of the growth-plate that occurs prior to its replacement by new bone tissue. AUBarling PM; Bibby NJ EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p441-6 MJBone and Bones; Parathyroid Hormones MNAutoradiography /MT; Femur /CY; Growth Plate /CY; Mice; Organ Specificity; Radioisotope Dilution Technic; Tibia /CY; Tritium MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001909 TIInhibition of bone resorption in vitro by compound 48/80. ABThe mechanisms that control cycles of bone formation and bone resorption are not well understood. In this report we provide evidence that compound 48/80 is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in vitro. Resorption was assessed by the release of calcium-45 from pre-labelled newborn mouse calvaria that were treated with compound 48/80 and/or parathyroid hormone (PTH) in organ culture. Our results demonstrate that co-incubation of calvaria with PTH plus compound 48/80 (concentrations 1-10 mcg/ml) produces a marked reduction of calcium-45 release compared to PTH alone. Furthermore, pre-incubation of calvaria with compound 48/80, for as little as three hours, inhibits resorption by subsequent treatment with PTH alone. Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium indicated that treatment with compound 48/80, at the doses and time periods studied, was not cytotoxic. This novel effect of compound 48/80 may provide a useful tool for studying the cellular mechanisms involved in the bone resorption process. AUGreenberg G; Pokress S; Minkin C EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p447-9 MJBone Resorption; Compound 48-80 MNAnimals, Newborn; Bone and Bones /CY; Calcium Radioisotopes; Calcium /AN; Kinetics; Mice; Parathyroid Hormones /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro RN51-35-4 (Hydroxyproline) IS0171-976X LAEnglish JCCGH SBM UI86001910 TIBone mass as referent for urinary hydroxyproline excretion [letter] AUMazzuoli G; Minisola S; Antonelli R; Bigi F; Tabolli S; D'Erasmo E; Valtorta C EM8601 SOCalcif Tissue Int (Germany, West), Jul 1985, 37(4) p450-1 MJBone Resorption; Hydroxyproline MNHyperparathyroidism /UR; Reference Values MTComparative Study; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish; French JCCG7 SBM UI86001912 TIFoetal monitoring during surgery unrelated to pregnancy. AUBiehl DR EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p455-9 MJFetal Monitoring; Pregnancy Complications; Surgery, Operative MNFetal Heart /PH; Heart Rate; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human RN51481-61-9 (Cimetidine); 66357-35-5 (Ranitidine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001913 TIThe role of H2 receptor antagonist premedication in pregnant day care patients. ABIn a randomised study of 132 pregnant outpatients, the effect on gastric volume and pH of oral premedication with a single dose of an H2 antagonist was investigated. Either cimetidine 400 mg (n = 33), or ranitidine 150 mg (n = 33), were given 90 to 120 minutes before scheduled surgery. Mean pH was significantly higher in cimetidine (5.0) and ranitidine (5.2) groups, and mean volume was significantly lower in cimetidine (13.2 ml) and ranitidine (11.1 ml) groups compared with 66 untreated patients (pH 1.6, volume 22.1 ml). A gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 was found in 97 per cent of unpremedicated patients and 35 per cent of these patients also had a gastric volume greater than or equal to 25 ml. Eighty-three per cent of patients received their premedication within 75-200 minutes of surgery. Patients premedicated within that range had a significantly lower incidence of either a gastric pH less than or equal to 2.5 or a volume greater than or equal to 25 ml (p less than 0.01). Both cimetidine and ranitidine significantly reduced the number of patients with these risk factors. Four patients, however, in the cimetidine group had both a pH less than or equal to 2.5 and a volume greater than or equal to 25 ml. Pharmacological manipulation of the gastric environment does not prevent aspiration and clearly cannot be substituted for careful airway management and vigilance on the part of the anaesthetist. However, premedication of pregnant outpatients with a single, oral dose of an H2 antagonist is a simple, inexpensive, safe and effective way of reducing the risk of a severe aspiration pneumonitis. AUStock JG; Sutherland AD EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p463-7 MJAbortion, Therapeutic; Anesthesia, General; Cimetidine; Ranitidine MNAdult; Ambulatory Surgery; Clinical Trials; Gastric Juice /AN; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pneumonia, Aspiration /PC; Pregnancy; Premedication MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001914 TIModification of lidocaine protein binding with CO2. ABUsing new, specially designed ultrafiltration devices and an enzyme immunoassay technique, the authors determined the effect of carbon dioxide tension on the fractional binding of lidocaine to human plasma proteins. Identical samples of serum at therapeutic (2.2 micrograms X ml-1) and toxic (6.8 micrograms X ml-1) lidocaine concentrations were tonometered at 37 degrees C to CO2 tensions between 0.13 and 10.7 kPa (1.0 to 80.5 mmHg). The fraction of unbound lidocaine increased linearly with increasing pCO2 (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001). These changes help to explain the increased central nervous system toxicity of lidocaine associated with hypercarbia. AUApfelbaum JL; Shaw LM; Gross JB; Caldwell CB; Spaulding BC EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p468-71 MJBlood Proteins; Carbon Dioxide; Lidocaine MNKinetics; Lidocaine /TO; Protein Binding MTHuman RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001915 TISpinal cord blood flow following sub-arachnoid lidocaine. ABTwelve mongrel dogs were randomized into two equal groups. Cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord and spinal dural blood flows were measured using the radioactive microsphere technique. Blood flow determinations were made prior to and 20 and 40 minutes following lumbar subarachnoid injection of: two per cent lidocaine (100 mg) or two per cent lidocaine (100 mg) with 1/25,000 epinephrine (200 micrograms). Dogs receiving subarachnoid lidocaine demonstrated a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure of 23 per cent and 14 per cent (p less than 0.05), while dogs receiving lidocaine with epinephrine had a decrease of 38 and 34 per cent (p less than 0.05) at 20 and 40 minutes respectively. Cardiac index was not significantly changed in either group. Lumbar subarachnoid lidocaine (100 mg) produced a rapid regional dural hyperemia (observed at 20 minutes postinjection) and a delayed regional spinal cord hyperemia (observed at 40 minutes postinjection) which were not observed following the addition of epinephrine (200 micrograms). AUKozody R; Swartz J; Palahniuk RJ; Biehl DR; Wade JG EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p472-8 MJLidocaine; Spinal Cord; Subarachnoid Space /PH MNDogs; Epinephrine /PD; Kinetics; Organ Specificity; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Spinal Cord /DE; Subarachnoid Space /DE MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN151-67-7 (Halothane); 437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 71195-58-9 (alfentanyl) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001916 TIRecovery after anaesthesia with alfentanil or halothane. ABSeventy-three patients were studied during and after anaesthesia with either alfentanil or halothane for surgical procedures of short duration. The procedures were minor gynaecological or minor urological procedures, involving males and females between the ages of 21 and 86 years. After pre-medication with lorazepam, anaesthesia was induced with methohexitone and continued with nitrous oxide and oxygen, supplemented with halothane (34 patients) or alfentanil (39 patients). Anaesthesia was generally smooth and uncomplicated except that at induction 22 of the patients receiving alfentanil became apnoeic for longer than 30 seconds. Spontaneous respiration resumed without the need for naloxone in any patients. After surgery, recovery of consciousness was significantly more rapid after alfentanil than after halothane (5.6 minutes versus 10.1 minutes). This study demonstrates that alfentanil can be a suitable alternative to conventional general anaesthesia for short cases and may have a useful place when rapid recovery and turnover of cases is important. AUCartwright DP EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p479-83 MJAnesthesia Recovery Period; Fentanyl; Halothane; Postoperative Period MNAdult; Aged; Apnea /CI; Clinical Trials; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Fentanyl /AD /AE; Halothane /AE; Middle Age; Wakefulness MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male RN15500-66-0 (Pancuronium); 57-15-8 (Chlorobutanol); 57-95-4 (Tubocurarine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001917 TILack of effects of d-tubocurarine and pancuronium on the slow action potential of the guinea pig papillary muscle. ABInotropic effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants were examined with guinea pig ventricular papillary muscle depolarized to -47 mV in high K Ba-Tyrode solution. Field stimulation of 0.1 Hz elicited the slow action potential, a measure of the calcium current. The amplitude, the duration at 0 mV level and dV/dt of the action potential were monitored together with the contractile tension. Amelizol (3 mg X ml-1 d-tubocurarine (d-tc) and 5 mg X ml-1 chlorobutanol) depressed the four functions in a dose-dependent manner, while crystalline d-tc did not. Chlorobutanol (the antimicrobial preservative) had the same effects as Amelizol. Neither Mioblock (2 mg X ml-1 pancuronium and unpublished preservative) nor crystalline pancuronium altered the functions. These findings suggest that the negative inotropic effect of Amelizol is not due to d-tc but to chlorobutanol, which may exert its effect by depressing the calcium current. The lack of change in the slow action potential seen with pancuronium may indicate no direct effect on the calcium current, thereby further suggesting absent direct beta-adrenomimetic action of this agent. AUArimura H; Ikemoto Y; Ito T; Yoshitake J EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p484-90 MJChlorobutanol; Heart /PH; Pancuronium; Tubocurarine MNAction Potentials /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Heart /DE; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study RN76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001918 TIResponses of EEG, cerebral oxygen consumption and blood flow to peripheral nerve stimulation during thiopentone anaesthesia in the dog. ABThe effects of sciatic nerve stimulation on the electroencephalogram (EEG), cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were investigated during thiopentone anaesthesia in dogs. Anaesthetic levels at 15, 35, 65, 95 and 125 minutes after the start of thiopentone infusion (23 mg X kg-1 X hr-1) were designated levels I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. The effects of stimulation for 5 min were tested at each level. At level I (plasma thiopentone concentration; 15 +/- 2 micrograms X ml-1), the EEG was activated with stimulation and CMRO2 and CBF increased by a maximum of 16 and 15 per cent, respectively. The increase in CMRO2 and CBF was significant for five and four minutes, respectively, though the increase became less with time. At level II (27 +/- 3 micrograms X ml-1), the CMRO2 and CBF increased at one minute by eight and nine per cent, the increase being accompanied by transient EEG activation. At the three deepest levels III, IV and V (37 +/- 6, 42 +/- 6, 49 +/- 6 micrograms X ml-1), the EEG, CMRO2 and CBF remained unchanged with stimulation. The results suggest the existence of the tight coupling between the EEG, CMRO2 and CBF and of a threshold level of thiopentone to block the response to peripheral stimulation during thiopentone anaesthesia. AUMiyauchi Y; Sakabe T; Maekawa T; Ishikawa T; Takeshita H EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p491-8 MJBrain /PH; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Oxygen Consumption; Sciatic Nerve /PH; Thiopental /PD MNAnesthesia; Blood Pressure /DE; Brain /DE; Carbon Dioxide /BL; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sciatic Nerve /DE; Thiopental /BL MTAnimal RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 151-67-7 (Halothane); 439-14-5 (Diazepam) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001919 TIRefraining from cigarette smoking before premedication does not decrease the risk of acid pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia. ABSeventy-four habitual smokers who had refrained overnight from cigarette smoking and were undergoing elective orthopedic surgery were allocated randomly to two groups in order to investigate the effect of smoking two cigarettes before premedication on volume and pH of gastric contents. The smoking group was allowed to smoke two cigarettes while the non-smoking group was not allowed to smoke. There was no significant difference in volume or pH between the groups, either just after intubation or prior to extubation, thus indicating no decreased risk of acid pulmonary aspiration because of refraining acutely from cigarette smoking. AUAdelhoj B; Petring OU; Jensen BN; Mikkelsen S EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p499-501 MJAnesthesia, General; Diazepam; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Smoking MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Gastric Juice /AN; Halothane; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Middle Age; Nitrous Oxide; Premedication; Risk MTComparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN437-38-7 (Fentanyl); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001920 TIEpidural fentanyl, with and without epinephrine for post-Caesarean section analgesia. ABUsing a double-bolus technique, the efficacy and safety of epidural fentanyl with and without epinephrine 1:400,000 for post-Caesarean section analgesia was examined in 30 patients. The addition of 25 micrograms epinephrine to the fentanyl (100 micrograms) did not potentiate the speed of onset but did significantly prolong the duration of action of the second dose. The only side effect encountered was pruritus, which was significantly increased (from 17-44 per cent) when epinephrine was added. The results indicate a clinical advantage of prolonging the duration of action of fentanyl for post-Caesarean Section analgesia with the addition of epinephrine, but the cumbersome and time-consuming nature of a double-bolus technique limits its clinical value. The relative safety of epidural fentanyl with and without epinephrine was confirmed by the absence of respiratory depression, drowsiness or hypotension in all patients. AURobertson K; Douglas MJ; McMorland GH EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p502-5 MJAnalgesia; Cesarean Section; Epinephrine; Fentanyl; Pain, Postoperative MNAdult; Anesthesia, Epidural; Drug Combinations; Epinephrine /TU; Fentanyl /TU; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Female; Human RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 87-78-5 (Mannitol) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001921 TIThe effects of rapid infusions of saline and mannitol on cerebral blood volume and intracranial pressure in dogs. ABThe role of osmotic brain dehydration in the early reduction of intracranial pressure (ICP) following mannitol administration has recently been questioned and a decrease in cerebral blood volume (CBV) proposed as the mechanism of action. To evaluate this hypothesis, relative CBV changes before and after mannitol infusion were determined by collimated gamma counting across the biparietal diameter of the exposed skull in six dogs. Red blood cells were labelled with chromium-51. Cerebral blood volume (CBV), total blood volume (TBV), ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), haematocrit and osmolality were serially measured after infusions of 10 ml X kg-1 of normal saline (control study) and of 20 per cent mannitol (mannitol study). The solutions were administered over a two-minute period; a 30-minute equilibration period intervened between the saline and mannitol infusions. We demonstrated that the mannitol infusion was associated with significant increases in relative CBV (25 per cent), ICP (7 mmHg), CVP (11 cm H2O), and TBV (50 per cent). MAP declined significantly (14 per cent) after mannitol infusion. The administration of saline, although associated with an increase in TBV (18 per cent), was not associated with any significant change in CBV, ICP, MAP or CVP. The increase in relative CBV persisted for 15 minutes after mannitol infusion, while the ICP returned to control within five minutes and continued to decrease. This study supports the fact that after rapid mannitol infusion, ICP begins to decrease only once the dehydrating effect has counteracted the increase in brain bulk caused by the increase in cerebral blood volume. AURavussin P; Archer DP; Meyer E; Abou-Madi M; Yamamoto L; Trop D EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p506-15 MJBlood Volume; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Intracranial Pressure; Mannitol /PD; Sodium Chloride /PD MNBlood Pressure /DE; Dogs; Hematocrit; Infusions, Parenteral; Mannitol /AD; Sodium Chloride /AD; Time Factors MTAnimal RN439-14-5 (Diazepam); 59467-70-8 (midazolam); 6740-88-1 (Ketamine); 7440-17-7 (Rubidium); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001922 TIEffects of anaesthesia induction drugs on circulation in denervated intestinal loop preparation. ABThe effect of anaesthesia induction drugs on the intestinal circulation was evaluated in an isolated loop preparation in 28 dogs. Selected intestinal loops were perfused with aortic blood by a pump at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg. A mixture of 86Rb and 9 microns spheres labeled with 141Ce was injected into the arterial cannula supplying the intestinal segment while mesenteric venous blood was collected for activity counting. Diazepam in a dose of 3 mg X kg-1 was accompanied by a significantly lower clearance (Cl-Rb), and permeability-surface area product (PS) than pentobarbitone; there were no differences between diazepam and pentobarbitone in total blood flow (BF), vascular resistance (VR) and oxygen consumption in the intestinal segments. Circulatory variable observed after midazolam, 8 mg X kg-1 and an additional 16 mg X kg-1, did not significantly differ from those seen during pentobarbitone. Ketamine in a dose of 8 mg X kg-1 was accompanied by a significantly lower BF, Cl-Rb, microsphere entrapment (Cl-Sph), PS, and higher VR and arterio-venous oxygen content difference. Sixteen mg X kg-1 of ketamine did not lead to any additional changes in determined variables of the intestinal circulation. Alpha-adrenoceptor blockade completely abolished vasoconstriction caused by ketamine, suggesting that the long-lasting vasoconstricting effect of ketamine on the intestinal circulation is mediated through catecholamines. AUTverskoy M; Gelman S; Fowler KC; Bradley EL EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p516-24 MJAnesthesia; Benzodiazepines; Diazepam; Intestine, Small; Ketamine; Pentobarbital MNBlood Pressure; Denervation; Dogs; Intestine, Small /IR; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Oxygen /BL; Partial Pressure; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Rubidium /BL; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001923 TIFoetal monitoring in parturients undergoing surgery unrelated to pregnancy. ABFoetal heart rate and tocodynamic monitoring of the uterus was performed in five pregnant patients undergoing urgent or emergency surgery unrelated to their pregnancy. All received general anaesthesia with halothane or enflurane and nitrous oxide. The loss of beat-to-beat variation of the foetal heart rate was observed in all patients under general anaesthesia, and is probably normal for the anaesthetized foetus. Since continuous intraoperative monitoring of foetal heart rate in pregnant patients is technically feasible during peripheral surgery and during many intra-abdominal procedures, attempts should be made to monitor foetal heart rate in all anaesthetized parturients to assure that the anaesthetic is not causing foetal insult. Postoperative monitoring of uterine tone is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative premature labor. AULiu PL; Warren TM; Ostheimer GW; Weiss JB; Liu LM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p525-32 MJAnesthesia, General; Fetal Heart; Fetal Monitoring; Pregnancy Complications MNAdolescence; Adult; Heart Rate; Postoperative Period; Pregnancy MTCase Report; Female; Human RN57-42-1 (Meperidine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001924 TISpinal anaesthesia with meperidine as the sole agent. ABTwenty male patients of ASA physical status I or II undergoing surgery of the perineal or inguinal areas received intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 as the sole anaesthetic agent. There was sensory and motor block within ten minutes of intrathecal injection of meperidine and surgery was performed with complete analgesia. The duration of surgery was 39.7 +/- 14 (mean +/- SD) minutes. Prolonged postoperative analgesia was obtained and some patients did not require additional narcotic analgesic during the postoperative period, lasting up to seven days. Side effects included nausea and vomiting (six patients), hypotension (five patients), pruritus (five patients) and urinary retention (two patients). There was no early or late respiratory depression. It is concluded that intrathecal meperidine in a dose of 1 mg X kg-1 is effective as the sole agent for spinal anaesthesia and produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. It offers an advantage for such painful operations as haemorrhoidectomy and anal fissurectomy where its prolonged analgesic effect is desirable. It could also serve as an alternative agent for spinal anaesthesia when a local anaesthetic is not available. AUFamewo CE; Naguib M EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p533-7 MJAnesthesia, Spinal; Meperidine MNAdult; Aged; Analgesia; Meperidine /AE; Middle Age; Nausea /CI; Postoperative Period; Time Factors; Vomiting /CI MTHuman; Male RN21829-25-4 (Nifedipine); 55985-32-5 (nicardipine) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001925 TIBlood glucose control by an artificial endocrine pancreas in a patient with phaeochromocytoma. ABIn a patient with phaeochromocytoma who presented with unstable diabetes mellitus, an artificial endocrine pancreas was used intraoperatively. Anaesthetic agents included enflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen. Nicardipine was used to control hypertensive episodes. The initial blood glucose concentration was 173 mg X dl-1 and it decreased to 110 mg X dl-1 in response to insulin infusion, but plasma catecholamines were markedly increased. Seventy minutes later, the glucose concentration increased progressively to 249 mg X dl-1 despite massive insulin infusion, maximally 5.64 mU X kg-1 X min-1. The blood glucose concentration reached a peak at the time of the ligation of the venous drainage from the tumour and the peak was coincident with that of plasma catecholamine levels (epinephrine: 20.8 ng X ml-1, norepinephrine 16.4 ng X ml-1). Both glucose and catecholamine concentrations decreased promptly after removal of the tumour and hypotension followed likely because of a persistent vasodilatatory effect of nicardipine. The profiles of blood glucose, insulin and glucose infusion rates provided by the artificial endocrine pancreas suggested that the insulin resistance began to be reversed shortly after removal of the phaeochromocytoma. AUHamaji M; Miyata M; Kawamori R; Shichiri M; Mashimo T; Nakao K; Kawashima Y EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p538-42 MJAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /SU; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent; Insulin Infusion Systems; Pheochromocytoma /SU MNAdrenal Gland Neoplasms /CO; Calcium Channel Blockers /TU; Catecholamines /BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent /CO; Kinetics; Middle Age; Nifedipine /AA /TU; Pheochromocytoma /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male RN10024-97-2 (Nitrous Oxide); 151-67-7 (Halothane); 51-55-8 (Atropine); 76-75-5 (Thiopental) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001926 TIAnaesthetic implications of nemaline rod myopathy. ABNemaline rod myopathy is an inherited congenital myopathy first described in 1963. Affected patients characteristically present in infancy with a non-progressive hypotonia and symmetrical muscle weakness. The disease affects all skeletal muscles including the diaphragm with sparing of cardiac and other muscle. Facial dysmorphism is common as are skeletal deformities, including kyphosis, scoliosis and pectus excavatum. We present two sisters with nemaline rod myopathy and their anaesthetic management for scoliosis surgery. Facial dysmorphism was a feature of both cases. Preoperatively, both patients demonstrated poor respiratory function on pulmonary function testing. Both cases were successfully managed using controlled ventilation and inhalational anaesthetic agents, avoiding muscle relaxants. Postoperatively, there were no respiratory complications. Although one case report describes the use of succinylcholine and pancuronium in a patient with nemaline rod myopathy, we feel that neuromuscular blocking agents should be avoided where possible and only used with careful monitoring. AUCunliffe M; Burrows FA EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p543-7 MJAnesthesia, General; Muscular Diseases; Scoliosis /SU MNAdolescence; Atropine /AD; Halothane; Muscular Diseases /FG; Nitrous Oxide /AD; Scoliosis /CO; Thiopental /AD MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001927 TIUse of a modified Doppler flow detector for percutaneous cannulation of the internal jugular vein. ABTo lessen the risks associated with cannulation of the internal jugular vein, a method to identify the contours of the carotid artery and internal jugular vein at the site of cannulation is proposed. This method uses a doppler flow detector equipped with an adjustable electronic filter which selectively enhances the sound component due either to the arterial or venous flow. This method has been applied clinically and was found to be useful in the identification of the vessels. Since doppler flow detectors are readily available in many hospitals and the required modification is simple, we hope that other institutions will find this technique useful in their clinical practice. AULee KC; Chinyanga HM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p548-50 MJCatheterization /MT; Infusions, Parenteral /MT MNCatheterization /IS; Infusions, Parenteral /IS; Jugular Veins; Skin MTHuman IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001928 TIImaging for anaesthetists: a review of the methods and anaesthetic implications of diagnostic imaging techniques. AUWeston G; Strunin L; Amundson GM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p552-61 MJAnesthesia; Angiography; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Tomography, Emission Computed; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MNNuclear Magnetic Resonance /MT; Safety MTHuman RN7261-97-4 (Dantrolene) IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001929 TIAvailability of dantrolene in Canadian hospitals [letter] AUPaasuke R; Brownell AK EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p567 MJDantrolene MNCanada; Dantrolene /AE MTHuman IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001930 TIMassive haemorrhage during attempted laparoscopy [letter] AUMah TG EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p567-8 MJHemorrhage; Peritoneoscopy MNAdult; Sterilization, Tubal MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish JCCG7 SBM UI86001931 TIHyperventilation does not affect the incidence of paresthesiae and blood vessel cannulation during epidural catheter insertion [letter] AURolbin SH; Relle A; Hew EM EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p568 MJAnesthesia, Epidural; Catheterization; Hyperventilation; Paresthesia; Veins MTComparative Study; Human IS0008-2856 LAEnglish; French JCCG7 SBM UI86001932 TIDr. Harold Griffith 1984-1985. AUGillies DM; Wynands JE PSGriffith HR EM8601 SOCan Anaesth Soc J (Canada), Sep 1985, 32(5) p570-4 MNAnesthesiology /HI; Canada; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits MCCurrent Biog-Obit; Historical Article IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001933 TIThe dental hygienist. An important member of the periodontal team. AUCotton FR; Ibbott CG EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p563-6 MJDental Hygienists; Patient Care Team; Periodontal Diseases /TH MNDental Plaque /PC; Periodontal Diseases /PC /SU MTHuman IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001934 TIHome sweet home. Pigeon racing. EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p567-8 MJDentists; Hobbies; Pigeons MTAnimal; Human IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001935 TIThe use of marsupialization in resolving a dentigerous cystic lesion. A case presentation. AULapeer GL EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p569-70 MJDentigerous Cyst; Mandibular Diseases MNMethods; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001936 TINevoid basal cell carcinoma. A case report. AUSwanson AE EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p575-9 MJBasal Cell Nevus Syndrome; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Jaw Diseases; Odontogenic Cysts MNAdolescence; Adult; Child; Follow-Up Studies; Recurrence MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001937 TIThe future need for dental treatment in Canada. AUDouglass CW; Gammon MD EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p583-90 MJDental Care; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Canada; Child, Preschool; Child; Dental Caries /TH; Dentists /SD; Forecasting; Infant; Middle Age; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases /TH; Risk MTHuman IS0709-8936 LAEnglish JCCHC UI86001938 TINeed for treatment. Implications of disease trends. AUQuee TC EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p591-2 MJDental Caries; Health Services Needs and Demand; Health Services Research; Periodontal Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Canada; Child; Curriculum; Education, Dental /TD; Middle Age MTHuman IS0709-8936 LAFrench JCCHC UI86001939 TI[Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma] AUBlondeau F TT[Lymphome non Hodgkinien.] EM8601 SOCan Dent Assoc J (Canada), Aug 1985, 51(8) p599-601 MJLymphoma /DI; Maxillary Sinus; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms MNAdult; Lymphoma /CL /ET /RA; Maxillary Sinus /RA; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms /RA MCEnglish Abstract MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001940 TIActin and tubulin in Tetrahymena. ABTubulin and actin are cytoskeletal proteins known to play a major role in dividing cells. Tetrahymena pyriformis, a ciliated protozoan, was used as a model system for investigating tubulin synthesis during cilia regeneration and during the cell cycle. Until recently the identification of actin in Tetrahymena has been controversial. In this report evidence for the presence of actin in Tetrahymena is reviewed and control of actin gene expression during the cell cycle is discussed. AUMitchell EJ; Zimmerman S; Zimmerman AM EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p389-96 MJActins /IP; Tetrahymena Pyriformis; Tubulin /IP MNActins /BI /GE; Genes, Structural; Molecular Weight; Peptide Fragments /AN; RNA, Messenger /GE; Species Specificity; Tubulin /BI /GE MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases); 0 (filamins) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001941 TIThe filamins: properties and functions. ABThe filamins are a group of homologous proteins defined by their high native molecular weight (500,000), their amino acid compositions, their cross-reactivity to antibodies to heterologous filamins, their localization to actin networks and bundles in situ, and their ability to cross-link actin filaments in vitro into three-dimensional networks and bundles. Native filamins contain two subunits (relative mass = 250 000). Each subunit carries at least one actin-binding site and formation of bivalent dimers is therefore believed to explain filamin's ability to cross-link actin filaments. Formation of networks in vitro (corresponding to formation of macroscopic gels) has been analyzed using the theory of Flory. As predicted, a sharp transition to gel (at the critical gelation concentration of filamin) is observed when actin is mixed with increasing concentrations of filamin and the critical gelation concentration is found to vary inversely with the length of actin filaments. However, the measured values of the critical gelation concentration are all higher (2- to 14-fold) than predicted by the theory and the prediction that the critical concentration varies directly with the actin concentration was verified with only one of two techniques used. Filamin's length (160-190 nm) and flexibility (1000-fold greater than actin filaments) may make it especially well fitted to cross-link actin filaments into three-dimensional networks when present in low molar ratios (1:200 to 1:50) relative to actin. At higher molar ratios (greater than 1:20) it also cross-links actin filaments into bundles. Assuming that filamin actually helps organize supramolecular structures inside cells (not yet tested directly), then its concentration relative to actin may help determine whether networks or bundles are formed. Other factors that may influence its localization and function inside cells include competition with other actin-binding proteins (such as myosin and tropomyosin) for binding sites on actin and phosphorylation, which may alter its ability to bind to actin. AUWeihing RR EM8601 IDP30-12708; GM-32794 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p397-413 MJCarrier Proteins; Contractile Proteins; Microfilament Proteins MNActins /ME; Amino Acids /AN; Contractile Proteins /IP /ME; Kinetics; Microfilament Proteins /IP /ME; Molecular Weight; Organ Specificity; Phosphorylation; Protein Kinases MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001942 TIThe actin treadmill. ABActin filaments can assemble at the barbed end and disassemble simultaneously at the pointed end. Prerequisites for this treadmilling reaction are the structural polarity of actin filaments and tight coupling of the actin assembly reaction and the adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis occurring during actin polymerization. In this article, investigations on the actin treadmill are reviewed. AUWanger M; Keiser T; Neuhaus JM; Wegner A EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p414-21 MJActins /ME MNActins /BI; Adenosine Triphosphate /ME; Hydrolysis; Macromolecular Systems; Models, Biological; Protein Binding MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.5. (Phosphatases); EC 3.6.1.- (GTP Phosphohydrolase); 10028-17-8 (Tritium); 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001943 TIConcerning the location of the GTP hydrolysis site on microtubules. ABThe kinetics for GTP hydrolysis associated with microtubule assembly with microtubular protein has been analyzed under reaction conditions where tubulin-GDP does not readily assemble into microtubules. The GTPase rate is only slightly faster during the time when net microtubule assembly occurs, as compared with steady state. The slightly slower steady-state GTPase rate apparently results from GDP product inhibition, since the progressive decrease in the rate can be quantitatively accounted for using the previously determined GTP dissociation constant and the Ki value for GDP. Since the GTPase rate is not a function of the rate for net microtubule assembly, it is concluded that GTP hydrolysis is not required for tubulin subunit incorporation into microtubules. The constancy of the rate indicates that the GTPase reaction occurs at a site, the concentration of which does not change during the assembly process. This result is consistent with a reaction scheme in which GTP hydrolysis occurs primarily at microtubule ends. We propose that hydrolysis occurs at microtubule ends, at the interface between a long core of tubulin-GDP subunits and a short cap of tubulin-GTP subunits. AUCaplow M; Shanks J; Brylawski BP EM8601 IDDE03246 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p422-9 MJGTP Phosphohydrolase; Guanosine Triphosphate; Microtubules; Phosphatases MNHydrolysis; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubule-Associated Proteins /ME; Microtubules /UL; Tritium; Tubulin /ME MTSupport, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001944 TIThe intermediate filament protein desmin in cardiac and skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic (BIO 14.6) hamsters. ABElectrophoretic separation on polyacrylamide gels of polypeptides extracted from skeletal and cardiac muscle of BIO 14.6 dystrophic, carrier, and random-bred normal hamsters demonstrates similar quantities and electrophoretic mobility of a protein having a relative mass of 52 000 daltons (apparent isoelectric point 6.2) from all sources examined; we have tentatively identified this protein as the intermediate filament protein desmin. Reaction of such separated polypeptides transferred to nitrocellulose blots with antibodies raised against this protein fails to show immunological differences in this 52 000 dalton protein in cardiac and skeletal muscle from normal and dystrophic animals. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of skeletal myofibrils from 30-to 60-day normal and dystrophic animals shows no differences in Z-line staining when immunoglobulins from anti-alpha-actinin serum are used as primary antibodies. Immunoglobulins from the putative anti-desmin serum also produce Z-line staining of skeletal myofibrils from normal animals, but fail to bind to the Z-lines of some skeletal myofibrils from dystrophic hamsters. AUPollock M; Atkinson BG EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p430-8 MJDesmin; Muscles; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal; Myocardium MNElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Hamsters; Immunoenzyme Technics; Mesocricetus; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Myofibrils /AN; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN31430-18-9 (nocodazole); 35846-53-8 (Maytansine); 518-28-5 (Podophyllotoxin); 64-86-8 (Colchicine); 7250-43-3 (N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide); 865-21-4 (Vinblastine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001945 TIN,N'-Ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) as a probe for structural and functional characteristics of brine shrimp, squid, and bovine tubulins. ABWe have developed a simple probe for certain functionally significant features of the tubulin molecule. When bovine brain tubulin is treated with N,N'-ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) (EBI), two intrachain cross-links, designated beta s and beta *, are formed in beta-tubulin, each one with a unique effect on the electrophoretic mobility of beta on gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Formation of the beta * cross-link, which involves at least one assembly-critical sulfhydryl, is completely inhibited by colchicine and its congeners, while that of beta s is inhibited completely by maytansine and GTP and partly by vinblastine. To see how conserved this complex pattern is in evolution we examined tubulins from the brine shrimp Artemia and the squid Loligo. In both tubulins EBI forms the beta * cross-link in a reaction inhibitable by colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and nocodazole. In each tubulin, EBI appears to form a second intrachain cross-link in a reaction that can be inhibited completely by maytansine and GTP and partly by vinblastine. In Artemia, this cross-link alters the electrophoretic mobility to a slightly smaller extent than is the case for beta s in bovine brain, but in Loligo the alteration is much greater. It seems that the ligand-binding sites, the critical sulfhydryls, and their spatial interrelationships are strongly conserved and that the beta s sulfhydryls or the sequence between them are less strongly conserved in evolution. AULuduena RF; Roach MC; MacRae TH; Langford GM EM8601 IDGM23476; GM28107 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p439-47 MJArtemia; Cross-Linking Reagents; Ethylenediamines; Squid; Tubulin /ME MNAlkylation; Benzimidazoles /PD; Cattle; Cell Fractionation; Colchicine /PD; Maytansine /PD; Microtubules /UL; Molecular Weight; Podophyllotoxin /PD; Species Specificity; Tubulin /IP; Vinblastine /PD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-02-2 (Dexamethasone); 9004-10-8 (Insulin); 9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001946 TIDexamethasone can modulate the synthesis and organization of cytokeratins in cultured differentiating rat hepatocytes. ABDexamethasone, added to suckling rat hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF), caused a selective dose-dependent increase in cytokeratin synthesis. The response was dependent on the initial hepatocyte density. At 5 X 10(4) hepatocytes/cm2 a concentration of 1 or 10 microM dexamethasone, in the presence of insulin, enhanced the synthesis of a 55 000 relative mass (Mr) cytokeratin and to a lesser degree a 49 000 Mr cytokeratin, whereas at 1 X 10(5) hepatocytes/cm2 10 microM dexamethasone preferentially stimulated a 51 000 Mr component. Preferential synthesis of the 51 000 Mr component also occurred when either 1 or 10 microM dexamethasone was added to cultures seeded at 2 X 10(5) hepatocytes/cm2. The inclusion of EGF along with dexamethasone and insulin in cultures at 2 X 10(5) cells/cm2 yielded a differential effect of dexamethasone concentration equivalent to that observed at the lower cell density in absence of EGF. Under conditions where increased cytokeratin synthesis was observed, the hepatocytes maintained a high production of albumin and lost their capacity to produce alpha-fetoprotein, a change in gene expression associated with the normal differentiation of suckling rat hepatocytes. In contrast, no enhancement of cytokeratin synthesis was observed in hepatocytes following addition of EGF and insulin only, a condition that promoted hepatocyte growth and the maintenance of alpha-fetoprotein production. The dexamethasone-induced enhancement of cytokeratin synthesis was still present at 3 days postseeding. At this time, morphological observations by phase-contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy using monoclonal antibodies against the 55 000 and 49 000 Mr components revealed that under growth-promoting conditions the hepatocytes were spread and the cytokeratin filaments were stretched, whereas under differentiation-promoting conditions the cultures constitute a compact monolayer of cells exhibiting highly ordered filaments. These data suggest a close relationship between synthesis and organization of cytokeratins and promotion of differentiation of suckling rat hepatocytes by glucocorticoids. AUMarceau N; Baribault H; Leroux-Nicollet I EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p448-57 MJDexamethasone; Keratin /ME; Liver /ME MNAlpha Fetoproteins /BI; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cells, Cultured; DNA Replication /DE; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Insulin /PD; Keratin /BI /IP; Kinetics; Liver /CY /DE; Molecular Weight; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Serum Albumin /BI MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001947 TIA monoclonal antibody to beta-tubulin distinguishes a subset of neurons and axons in the chick ciliary ganglion. ABA monoclonal antibody, called mabPS2, has been produced by injecting mice with purified postsynaptic densities from adult rat brain. The antibody reacts with an epitope of beta-tubulin which is not found on the alpha-tubulin subunit. In the chick ciliary ganglion mabPS2 reacts both with some large and some small neuron. mabPS2 also labels a subset of myelinated, as well as some unmyelinated axons. Higher magnification of longitudinal sections of axons shows that the reaction product is associated with microtubules. The nerve terminals on the ciliary neurons are also labelled and at higher magnification the label is seen to be distributed generally throughout the cytosol and especially concentrated on the membranes of synaptic vesicles. mabPS2 can therefore be used a a differentiation marker for neurons in chick ciliary ganglion. AUTremblay JP; Gravel C; Hawkes RB EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p458-69 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Axons; Cerebral Cortex; Ganglia, Parasympathetic; Neurons; Tubulin MNAntigenic Determinants /AN; Brain /CY; Chickens; Immunoenzyme Technics; Macromolecular Systems; Rats; Tubulin /IM MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (troponin-T) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001948 TIA monoclonal antitroponin-T cross-reacts with smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells. ABA mouse monoclonal antibody was prepared against chicken skeletal troponin-T. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells indicated the presence of a cross-reactive component(s). In contrast to the definitive I-band reactivity in striated muscle, the smooth muscle components from chicken gizzard, lung, and small intestine showed diffuse, cytoplasmic staining. A filamentous pattern which converged on a perinuclear focus was observed in interphase cells (356 fibroblasts). This cross-reaction was determined to be associated with microtubules. To assess the extent of occurrence of the cross-reactive species, representatives of both the fungal and plant kingdoms were examined. In both Dictyostelium discoideum and cells of the onion (Allium) root tip, the antitroponin-T detected cross-reactive components associated with microtubules. Immunoblot experiments conducted to determine the molecular specificity of the antibody showed cross-reaction with only troponin-T in striated muscle preparations. Similar experiments with the antitroponin-T on chicken gizzard smooth muscle indicated reactivity with two bands whose electrophoretic mobilities are within the range reported for striated muscle troponin-T. Our results indicate the presence of a highly conserved troponin-T cross-reactive determinant in all muscle types, as well as nonmuscle cells. They raise the possibility of a troponin-like molecule in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells which may confer calcium sensitivity in their cellular filament systems. AULim SS; Hering GE; Borisy GG EM8601 IDGM 30385; 5 T32 GMO7133-09 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p470-8 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Intestine, Small; Lung; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Myocardium; Troponin MNCell Line; Chickens; Cross Reactions; Dictyostelium /CY; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Infant, Newborn; Myofibrils /UL; Organ Specificity; Plants /CY; Rabbits; Skin; Species Specificity; Troponin /IM MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001949 TIMicrotubule mutants. ABGenetics has become an important tool for studying microtubule structure and function. Mutations in genes that encode microtubule proteins have been isolated in several, evolutionarily diverse organisms. These mutations have been, and will increasingly be, of great value in determining which cellular events are microtubule mediated, in determining which genes encode the microtubule proteins involved in a particular cellular event, and in determining the mechanisms of resistance to anti-microtubule drugs. These mutants also have great potential, which is just beginning to be realized, for identifying proteins other than alpha- and beta-tubulin that are essential to microtubule function and for determining the mechanisms of microtubule-based force production in mitosis and organellar movement. AUOakley BR EM8601 IDGM 31837 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p479-88 MJMicrotubule-Associated Proteins; Microtubules; Mutation MNDrug Resistance; Evolution; Genes, Structural; Microtubule-Associated Proteins /PH; Species Specificity MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN126-07-8 (Griseofulvin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001950 TIGenetic and biochemical studies with mutants of mammalian cells affected in microtubule-related proteins other than tubulin: mitochondrial localization of a microtubule-related protein. ABIn Chinese hamster ovary cells, stable mutants exhibiting specific resistance or collateral sensitivity towards the various microtubule inhibitors podophyllotoxin, colchicine, griseofulvin, taxol, nocodazole, vinblastine, and maytansine have been isolated. A number of independent mutants selected for resistance to podophyllotoxin and colchicine contain electrophoretically altered forms of two proteins, P1 and P2, of relative molecular masses of approximately 63 000 and 69 000, respectively. The proteins P1 and P2 have been shown to be microtubule related by a number of different genetic and biochemical criteria and are among the major proteins of Chinese hamster ovary cells, being present in approximately equimolar amounts with tubulin. In addition, a griseofulvin-resistant mutant contains a novel mutation (presumably nonsense) which reduces the relative molecular mass of a protein, P5 (relative mass congruent to 200 000), by about 20 000. Specific antibodies to protein P1 have been raised and cross-reactivity studies show that a similar protein is also present in cells from all vertebrate species examined, viz. man, monkey, mouse, Chinese hamster, Syrian hamster, and chicken. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-P1 and anti-tubulin antibodies show that, in interphase cells from various species, the P1 antibody reacts specifically with mitochondria whose overall cellular distribution is strikingly similar to the distribution of microtubules. The mitochondrial localization of the microtubule-related protein P1 provides strong suggestive evidence regarding the existence of a chemical and functional linkage between these two structures, with protein P1 playing an important role in this linkage. Some implication of these results are discussed and it is suggested that mitochondria play an important role in the dynamics of microtubules. AUGupta RS; Venner TJ; Chopra A EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p489-502 MJGenes, Structural; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Mitochondria; Mutation MNAntibodies; Cell Line; Cricetulus; Cross Reactions; Drug Resistance; Genes, Structural /DE; Griseofulvin /PD; Hamsters; Interphase; Microtubule-Associated Proteins /IM; Molecular Weight; Ovary; Structure-Activity Relationship; Tubulin /GE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN35846-53-8 (Maytansine); 53-79-2 (Puromycin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001951 TIMaytansine-resistant mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells with an alteration in alpha-tubulin. ABMutant clones of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to killing by the Vinca alkaloid maytansine have been isolated using a single-step procedure. These mutants are threefold more resistant to killing by the drug than the wild-type parent. The majority of the clones (30 to 34) probably contain alterations in membrane permeability based on their cross-resistance to an unrelated drug, puromycin. Two of the four puromycin-sensitive clones were found to contain ╥extra╙ spots which migrated close to alpha-tubulin on two-dimensional gels. The ╥extra╙ spots were shown to be electrophoretic variants of alpha-tubulin with an identical two-dimensional tryptic peptide map to that of the wild-type alpha-tubulin. The alpha-tubulin mutants were cross-resistant to other microtubule disrupting drugs such as griseofulvin, vinblastine, and colcemid, but were more sensitive to the microtubule-stabilizing agent taxol than the wild-type parental cells. Mutant--wild-type hybrids were found to be resistant to levels of maytansine intermediate between the lethal doses for mutant and wild-type cells. A possible explanation for the drug resistance of these mutants is discussed. AUSchibler MJ; Cabral FR EM8601 IDGM 29955 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p503-10 MJMaytansine; Mutation; Oxazines; Tubulin MNCell Line; Cell Survival /DE; Clone Cells; Cricetulus; Drug Resistance; Hamsters; Ovary; Peptide Fragments /AN; Proteins /IP; Puromycin /PD; Tubulin /IP MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RNEC 3.6.1.- (Dynein); 33069-62-4 (taxol) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001953 TIMicrotubule polarity in taxol-treated isolated spindles. ABSpindles were isolated from Spisula oocytes in the presence or absence of taxol to determine if cell lysis procedures previously used to analyze spindle microtubule polarity may have resulted in the loss of any microtubules of a particular polarity. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that spindle preparations isolated in the presence of taxol contained considerably more tubulin than did those isolated in the absence of taxol. Although there was no corresponding increase in the birefringence of the taxol-treated isolated spindles, thereby suggesting that they did not possess a greater concentration of aligned microtubules between the poles and the equatorial plate, electron microscopy revealed that the taxol-treated isolated spindles did, in fact, contain more microtubules than did the nontaxol-treated isolated spindles. These microtubules were predominantly localized immediately around the centrioles, suggesting that assembly may have occurred during the lysis into taxol. The spindles were decorated with Chlamydomonas dynein to display microtubule polarity. The majority of microtubules, located between the chromosomes and poles, possessed a uniform polarity in both taxol- and nontaxol-treated isolated spindles. In the region of the chromosomes, however, up to 45% of the microtubules were oriented with a polarity opposite to the remainder and were intermingled among them. It is probable that microtubules with opposite polarities arise from the opposing poles and overlap in the equatorial region. The extent of overlap appears to be quite substantial and thus may be of significance during mitotic movements. AUHaimo LT EM8601 IDGM 28886 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p519-32 MJAlkaloids; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Microtubules /UL; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /UL MNCell Fractionation; Clams; Dynein /IP /ME; Microscopy, Electron; Microtubules /DE; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /DE; Oocytes /CY /DE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (vinculin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001954 TIThe focal adhesions of chick retinal pigmented epithelial cells. ABRetinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells obtained from the eyes of chick embryos from colonies in vitro in which cells at the periphery of the colony express an undifferentiated, well-spread morphology and develop extremely large areas of cell-substratum adhesion. These adhesions can be classified as focal on the basis of the following: (a) their black surface reflection interference image, the contrast of which is not affected by changes in either the wavelength of the incident light or the refractive index of the immersion medium; (b) their association with the termini of actin-containing microfilament bundles; and (c) their ability to be labelled with antiserum against vinculin, a protein specific for adhesions of the focal type. The focal adhesions of RPE cells comprise laterally associated individual focal contacts, the mechanism by which this association is achieved and maintained is yet unknown. Because of the unusually large size and excellent microscopical definition of their focal adhesions, I used RPE cells to investigate the role of other actin-associated proteins in adhesion complexes. One of these, nonerythroid spectrin (fodrin), a protein suggested to play a role in anchoring actin filaments to the plasma membrane, was neither concentrated in nor excluded from the focal adhesions of RPE cells. Thus, at least in this cell type, spectrin seems unlikely to serve as a link between the major actin-containing microfilament bundles and the plasma membrane in the regions of cell-to-substratum contacts. AUOpas M EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p553-63 MJCytoskeleton; Microfilaments; Retinal Pigments; Retina /PH MNActins /AN; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Epithelium /CY /PH; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Muscle Proteins /AN; Retina /CY MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (neurofilament proteins) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001955 TIBasket cell development in the normal and hypothyroid rat cerebellar cortex studied with a monoclonal anti-neurofilament antibody. ABWe have used a monoclonal antibody against an antigenic determinant of the 210-kdalton neurofilament protein to study basket cell maturation in rat cerebellar cortex. Neurofilament immunoreactivity first appears in basket cells at postnatal day 12 and mature axonal ╥pinceaux╙ are present at postnatal day 17. There are large differences in the rate of maturation from lobe to lobe which do not fully correspond to the rate of Purkinje cell differentiation. In hypothyroid rats the expression of the neurofilament antigen by basket cells is almost completely suppressed. AULeclerc N; Gravel C; Plioplys A; Hawkes R EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p564-76 MJCerebellar Cortex; Cytoskeleton; Hypothyroidism; Intermediate Filament Proteins; Intermediate Filaments MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Antigenic Determinants /AN; Cerebellar Cortex /PA; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immunoenzyme Technics; Intermediate Filament Proteins /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight; Rats, Inbred LEW; Rats MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (neurofilament proteins) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001956 TIImmunostaining of neurofilament protein in human postmortem cortex: a sensitive and specific approach to the pattern analysis of human cortical cytoarchitecture. ABAntibodies raised against the 200 000 neurofilament protein (NFP) of rat brain have been successfully applied to the staining of human postmortem cortex using a modified immunoperoxidase procedure. Human anterior cingulate cortex which has been in formaldehyde fixative for as long as 4 years shows extensive and reliable staining of axons and, to a lesser degree, apical dendrites of cortical neurons. The immunostaining of 200 000 NFP in human cortex has revealed cytoarchitectural details not generally visible with other more conventional neuroanatomical stains, particularly when counterstaining with cresyl violet is employed. Potential applications of this approach to the pattern analysis of human cortical cytoarchitecture in both health and disease are discussed. AUMajocha RE; Marotta CA; Benes FM EM8601 ID423; AG00084; NIA02126; + SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p577-84 MJCerebral Cortex /PA; Intermediate Filament Proteins MNAutopsy; Cerebral Cortex /AH; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Immune Sera; Immunoenzyme Technics; Molecular Weight; Rats MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001957 TIDoes actin produce the force that moves a chromosome to the pole during anaphase? ABChromosomes move towards spindle poles because of force produced by chromosomal spindle fibres. I argue that actin is involved in producing this force. Actin is present in chromosomal spindle fibres, with consistent polarity. Physiological experiments using ultraviolet microbeam irradiations suggest that the force is due to an actin and myosin (or myosin-equivalent) system. Other physiological experiments (using inhibitors in ╥leaky╙ cells or antibodies injected into cells) that on the face of it would seem to rule out actin and myosin on closer scrutiny do not really do so at all. I argue that in vivo the ╥on╙ ends of chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules are at the kinetochores; I discuss the apparent contradiction between this conclusion and those from experiments on microtubules in vitro. From what we know of treadmilling in microtubules in vitro, the poleward movements of irradiation-induced areas of reduced birefringence (arb) can not be explained as treadmilling of microtubules: additional assumptions need to be made for arb movements toward the pole to be due to treadmilling. If arb movement does indeed represent treadmilling along chromosomal spindle fibre microtubules, treadmilling continues throughout anaphase. Thus I suggest that chromosomal spindle fibres shorten in anaphase not because polymerization is stopped at the kinetochore (the on end), as previously assumed, but rather because there is increased depolymerization at the pole (the ╥off╙ end). AUForer A EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p585-98 MJActins; Anaphase; Chromosomes MNAnaphase /RE; Chromosomes /RE /UL; Microtubules /PH /UL; Mitotic Spindle Apparatus /PH /UL; Myofibrils /PH /UL; Myosin /PH; Ultraviolet Rays MCReview MTAnimal IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001958 TIElongation of cytoplasmic processes during gametic mating: models for actin-based motility. ABThe acrosomal processes of Thyone and Limulus sperm and the fertilization tubule of mt+ gametes of Chlamydomonas are interesting models for actin-based motility. Each is a long thin process that elongates rapidly and contains a core of actin filaments having uniform polarity: arrowheads formed by myosin subfragments point toward the base of the processes. In Limulus, directed outgrowth of the acrosomal process is achieved by a rearrangement in the packing of superhelically coiled actin filaments that form during spermatogenesis. In contrast, outgrowth of the acrosomal process in Thyone and the fertilization tubule in Chlamydomonas is accompanied by actin polymerization. Both Thyone and Chlamydomonas possess structures, the actomere and the doublet zone, respectively, that serve as microfilament organizing centers, nucleating actin polymerization and defining the polarity of the growing filaments. Alkalinization of the cytoplasm may promote polymerization of actin in Thyone, whereas an apparent rise in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is associated with the transmission of intracellular signals during mating in Chlamydomonas. Further examination of these three actin-based motile systems should provide new insights into the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton, a process critical for many forms of nonmuscle cellular motility. AUDetmers PA EM8601 IDGM25813 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p599-607 MJActins; Cell Movement; Chlamydomonas; Fertilization; Sperm-Ovum Interactions MNAcrosome /PH /UL; Chlamydomonas /UL; Horseshoe Crabs; Microfilaments /PH /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Sea Cucumbers MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN31430-18-9 (nocodazole); 64-86-8 (Colchicine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001959 TIEvidence that cell surface motility in Allogromia is mediated by cytoplasmic microtubules. ABWe have previously shown that reticulopods of Allogromia sp. (strain NF) and Allogromia laticollaris display rapid, bidirectional saltatory transport of plasma membrane surface markers (i.e., polystyrene microspheres). Correlative video microscopic and electron microscopic methods were used to determine whether cytoskeletal components are involved in this surface transport. Such transport was observed only where the plasma membrane overlay cytoplasmic fibrils, which have been shown to be involved in organelle transport. Ultrastructural analysis indicated that these fibrils contain microtubules and an associated flocculent fibrillar material. In studies with nonionic detergents the surface marker particles remained bound to these microtubule-containing fibrils, even after the plasma membrane had been removed. Surface transport was inhibited when reticulopods were treated with agents that induce microtubule disassembly. Together these observations provide strong evidence that surface motility in Allogromia is mediated by labile cytoplasmic microtubules. AUBowser SS; Rieder CL EM8601 ID01219 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p608-20 MJMicrotubules /PH; Sarcodina MNBenzimidazoles /PD; Cell Membrane /PH /UL; Colchicine /PD; Cold; Cytoplasm /CY /PH; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Phase Contrast; Microtubules /DE /UL; Sarcodina /UL MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN33069-62-4 (taxol) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001960 TIRole of the marginal band in an invertebrate erythrocyte: evidence for a universal mechanical function. ABMarginal bands of microtubules are present in erythrocytes of all nonmammalian vertebrates and some invertebrates, in which they are thought to play a role in erythrocyte morphogenesis. Recently, marginal bands have also been implicated in maintenance of shape in vertebrate erythrocytes and platelets subjected to external mechanical forces. Here we demonstrate that marginal bands in an invertebrate (╥blood clam╙) erythrocyte act similarly. Cells with and without marginal bands at the same temperature were prepared by (a) nocodazole or colchicine inhibition of marginal band reassembly following 0 degree C disassembly, (b) taxol inhibition of marginal band disassembly at 0 degree C, and (c) taxol induction of marginal band reassembly at 0 degree C. As shown previously for temperature-induced marginal band reassembly in this species, taxol-induced reassembly at 0 degree C occurred in association with centrioles. When erythrocytes with and without marginal bands were compared for their response to the mechanical stress of fluxing through capillary tubes, many more of those without marginal bands tended to become folded or buckled regardless of the method used to prepare them. The results provide evidence that marginal bands have a universal mechanical function in mature erythrocytes. AUJoseph-Silverstein J; Cohen WD EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p621-30 MJErythrocytes /UL MNAlkaloids /PD; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic /PD; Clams; Cytoskeleton /UL; Erythrocytes /CY /DE; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Stress, Mechanical; Tubulin /AN MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001961 TINuclear RNA-associated proteins and their relationship to the nuclear matrix and related structures in HeLa cells. ABThe ultrastructure and the polypeptide composition of residual nuclear substructures including nuclear matrices, nuclear ghosts, and residual envelopes were investigated by means of electron microscopy and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Nuclear matrices were prepared by digesting isolated nuclei with DNase I alone, followed by high-salt extraction in 2 M NaCl. Nuclear ghosts were obtained by high-salt extraction of nuclei previously digested with DNase and RNase in MgCl2-containing buffers. To prepare residual envelopes, nuclei were first digested with RNase in the presence of EDTA, then digested with Mg2+ -activated DNase I, and extracted in 2 M NaCl. The results of this comparative study support the conclusion that the intranuclear matrix is made of two distinct RNA-containing elements. One of these elements appears on ultrathin sections as a thin fibrillar network. It disappears from RNase-digested nuclei, together with numerous basic proteins, whatever the conditions of digestion. Although this element is present in extranucleolar territories, it is a major component of residual nucleoli. The second element appears as coarse-beaded fibers absent from the nucleolar areas. Its preservation in residual nuclear substructures depends on the presence of Mg2+ ions during RNase digestion of nuclei. It is enriched in two minor basic proteins of relative mass 49 000 and 70 000. The involvement of this fibrogranular element in heterogeneous nuclear RNA attachment to the nuclear matrix is discussed. AUBouvier D; Hubert J; Seve AP ; Bouteille M EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p631-43 MJCell Nucleus; Ribonucleoproteins MNCell Fractionation; Cytoskeleton /UL; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hela Cells /UL; Microscopy, Electron; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nuclear Membrane /UL; Salts MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I); 0 (nuclear antigens); 9002-93-1 (Octoxynol); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001962 TILocalization of nuclear antigens during preparation of nuclear matrices in situ. ABNuclear matrix structure closely resembles the organization of nonchromatin components of nuclei in situ. However, reports on the extent to which nuclear components are reorganized during matrix isolation have produced conflicting results, and the reality of an in situ nuclear matrix is still in question. We have prepared nuclear matrices by processing cells still attached to the growth substrate through the extraction steps, thus avoiding mechanical disruption due to homogenization and centrifugation. Furthermore, the extensive residual cytoskeleton seems to keep the residual nuclei ╥stretched out╙ so that they retain many features of intact nuclei. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was used to compare the distribution of nuclear antigens in intact nuclei with their organization in nuclear matrices, as well as at each stage of nuclear matrix preparation. We have applied monoclonal antibodies P1, I1, PI1, and PI2, which had been generated against isolated matrices, as well as autoimmune sera detecting lamins, perichromin, and centromere antigens. Chromatin and RNA extraction was monitored with Hoechst 33258, ethidium bromide, and antihistone. The lamins, PI1, and, to a great extent, PI2 and centromere antigens were little affected by the extraction. The data suggest furthermore that PI1 is a fundamental nuclear matrix component and may serve in integrating peripheral and internal nuclear functions. P1 and perichromin were extensively redistributed after chromatin extraction, supporting a role for these antigens in spatial ordering of chromatin. I1 was progressively extracted at each stage of nuclear matrix preparation and was artifactually associated with matrices which had not been digested with RNase. This study demonstrates unequivocally that the organization of many nuclear matrix components in final preparations reflects their organization in situ. It does indicate, however, that some components retained in matrices are extensively redistributed during nuclear matrix preparation and that their role in nuclear organization must be evaluated in consequence. AUChaly N; Little JE; Brown DL EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p644-53 MJAntigens; Cell Nucleus; Nucleoproteins MNAntibodies, Monoclonal; Cells, Cultured; Centromere /UL; DNA /IP; Deoxyribonuclease I; Detergents; Histones /IP; Mice; Microscopy, Phase Contrast; Osmolar Concentration; Polyethylene Glycols; RNA /IP MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001963 TIAn association between replicating adenovirus DNA and the nuclear matrix of infected HeLa cells. ABAn association between newly synthesized human adenovirus type 5 DNA and the nuclear matrix of infected HeLa cells is described. Adenovirus-infected cells were pulsed labeled with [3H]thymidine late in infection and the nuclear matrix was prepared. After a 1-min pulse more than 95% of the labeled viral DNA was matrix associated and, when compared with total cell DNA, was resistant to DNase I digestion. When the pulse is longer or is followed by a chase period, the viral DNA remains nuclear matrix associated and less nuclease sensitive than bulk cellular DNA. The resistance to nuclease digestion may result from the close association of viral DNA with the nuclear matrix or could be due to a number of viral-specific proteins which are nuclear matrix associated. It is concluded that viral DNA synthesis occurs in association with the nuclear matrix and the newly synthesized DNA remains matrix associated until it is incorporated into a mature virus particle. AUYounghusband HB EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p654-60 MJAdenoviruses, Human; Cell Nucleus; DNA Replication MNDNA, Neoplasm /AN; DNA, Viral /AN /GE; Deoxyribonuclease I; Hela Cells /UL; Kinetics; Viral Proteins /IP; Virus Replication MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (calcium magnesium ATPase); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium); EC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium); 0 (gelsolin); 11003-00-2 (Actinin); 12634-43-4 (Spectrin); 9013-26-7 (Actomyosin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001964 TIChromaffin cell cytoskeleton: its possible role in secretion. ABCytoskeleton proteins (actin, myosin, alpha-actinin, spectrin, tubulin, neurofilament subunits) and their regulatory proteins (calmodulin, gelsolin) have been isolated from adrenal chromaffin cells and characterized. Their physicochemical properties have been studied and their cell localizations have been revealed by biochemical, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. alpha-Actinin and spectrin are components of chromaffin granule membranes and some of the cell actin copurifies with these secretory granules. Myosin is not detected in the granules, but is present mainly in the cytosol and close to the cell surface. Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonists, blocks stimulation-induced hormone release from chromaffin cells at a step distal from Ca2+ entry. High affinity calmodulin-binding sites have also been found in chromaffin granule membranes and their calmodulin-binding proteins have been characterized. Furthermore, microinjection of calmodulin antibodies into chromaffin cells blocks hormone output in response to stimulation. In view of the above findings, the possible roles of contractile proteins and calmodulin in chromaffin cell functions are discussed. AUTrifaro JM ; Bader MF; Doucet JP EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p661-79 MJAdrenal Medulla; Chromaffin Granules; Chromaffin System; Cytoskeleton MNActinin /AN; Actins /AN; Actomyosin /AN; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Calcium /AN /ME; Adenosine Triphosphatase, Magnesium /AN /ME; Calcium-Binding Proteins /AN; Calmodulin /AN; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Granules /UL; Intermediate Filaments /UL; Microfilament Proteins /AN; Microtubules /UL; Molecular Weight; Nerve Tissue Proteins /AN; Spectrin /AN; Tropomyosin /AN MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9008-18-8 (Keratin) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001965 TIUltrastructural localization of cytoskeletal proteins in pancreatic secretory cells. ABActin, myosin, and keratin immunoreactive sites have been localized with high resolution in pancreatic exocrine cells, by applying the protein A-gold technique on tissues processed at low temperature conditions. The labeling by gold particles was found at the level of the cell web and closely associated with the limiting membranes of the immature and mature secretory granules, as well as those of the ╥trans╙ cisternae of the Golgi apparatus. These results, together with those obtained in the study on the localization of secretory proteins in exocrine pancreatic cells, demonstrate that cytoskeletal proteins are present at sites where maturation and (or) concentration of the secretory proteins occur. Thus, besides the role that cytoskeletal proteins must play in the transport of the secretory granules from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, they may also be involved in the process of protein maturation and (or) concentration. AUBendayan M EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p680-90 MJCytoskeletal Proteins; Pancreas /UL MNActins /AN; Diaphragm /UL; Duodenum /UL; Keratin /AN; Microscopy, Electron; Muscle, Smooth /UL; Myosin /AN; Organ Specificity; Pancreas /CY; Rats; Skin /UL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001967 TIStudies on lectins. LIX. Isolation and properties of lectins from fruiting bodies of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Lactarius lignyotus. ABThe lectins of fruiting bodies of Xerocomus chrysenteron and Lactarius lignyotus were purified on Sepharose 4B containing immobilized fetuin. Both lectins agglutinate human erythrocytes nonspecifically at limit concentrations of 15 micrograms/mL. Their erythroagglutinating activities are not inhibited by simple sugars; desialyzed fetuin, desialyzed glycoprotein from edible bird's nest, and desialyzed mucin from porcine submaxillary glands are the most effective inhibitors. AUSychrova H ; Ticha M ; Kocourek J EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p700-4 MJLectins MNAmino Acids /AN; Carbohydrates /AN; Electrophoresis, Disc; Erythrocytes /IM; Hemagglutination; Molecular Weight; Seeds /AN; Species Specificity MTComparative Study; Human RNEC 3.1.- (arginine esterase); EC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases); 0 (poly(A); 24937-83-5 (Poly A) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001968 TIIn vitro translation of mRNA for arginine esterase, the major secretory protein of dog prostate, and in vitro processing of the translation product. ABPoly(A)+ rich RNA was isolated from prostate of adult dogs and translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free protein-synthesizing system. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the translation products showed that a protein with a molecular weight of 31 000 was predominantly synthesized. This protein was immunoprecipitated with antibodies directed against purified arginine esterase from dog seminal plasma. mRNA isolated from the prostate of animals castrated for 1 or 2 weeks was unable to direct the synthesis of arginine esterase. However, the synthesis of the enzyme could be stimulated by androgens in castrated animals, presumably by increasing prostatic concentrations of arginine esterase mRNA. The single chain translation product could be further processed in vitro by the addition of dog pancreas microsomes and purified arginine esterase. This procedure yielded split chains of arginine esterase which had identical electrophoretic mobilities as seminal plasma enzyme by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When prostatic tissue slices were incubated with tunicamycin, the unglycosylated arginine esterase obtained had a lower molecular weight than the in vitro translation product, suggesting that a signal peptide had been removed in the living cells. These results indicate that arginine esterase processing may include the following steps: removal of a signal peptide, glycosylation, and splitting of the polypeptide chain by active arginine esterase in the secretory granules or outside the cell. AUChapdelaine P; Dube JY ; Frenette G; Tremblay RR EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p705-10 MJCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Prostate; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; RNA, Messenger; Translation, Genetic MNCarboxylic Ester Hydrolases /IP; Cell-Free System; Dogs; Molecular Weight; Poly A /GE /IP; RNA /GE /IP; Rabbits; Reticulocytes /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7005-03-0 (Leucine); 7005-18-7 (Methionine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001969 TIMammalian lymphocytes: stress-induced synthesis of heat-shock proteins in vitro and in vivo. ABMammalian (human, mouse, and rabbit) white blood cells (lymphocytes) maintained in culture respond to a brief incubation at an elevated temperature (at or above 41 degrees C) by (i) the new and (or) enhanced synthesis of a small number of proteins (the so-called heat-shock proteins; HSPs) having molecular masses of approximately 110 000, 100 000, 90 000, 70 000, 65 000, and 26 000 daltons and (ii) the depressed synthesis of proteins normally made at 37 degrees C. The HSPs synthesized in culture by human, rabbit, and mouse (peripheral and splenic) lymphocytes are similar in number, molecular mass, and distribution on two-dimensional (isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide) electrophoretic gels to those synthesized in vivo by lymphocytes in hyperthermic mice. Since the level of hyperthermia used to induce HSP synthesis in mouse lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo is of a magnitude (41 degrees C) also used to promote thermotolerance in mice and is similar to temperatures attained during febrile episodes in rabbits and in humans, we suggest that the in vitro and in vivo synthesis of HSPs by mouse lymphocytes, demonstrated in this study, represents a relevant, physiological response which mammalian lymphocytes may normally use to survive periods of thermal stress. AURodenhiser D; Jung JH; Atkinson BG EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p711-22 MJHeat-Shock Proteins; Heat; Lymphocytes MNCarbon Radioisotopes; Cell Line; Fever /BL; Heat-Shock Proteins /BL /IP; Leucine /ME; Methionine /ME; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Molecular Weight; Plasmacytoma; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Sulfur Radioisotopes MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN320-67-2 (Azacytidine) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001971 TICharacteristics of myoblasts isolated from golden Syrian and dystrophic (strain CHF-146) hamsters. ABA method for dissociating and culturing myoblast cells from normal (golden Syrian) and myopathic (CHF-146) hind leg muscles of 8- to 10-day-old hamsters has been described. We have compared the fusion ability of the myoblasts from normal tissue with that of myopathic myoblasts and, further, we have studied this process with respect to gelatin-coated and uncoated plastic culture dishes. Our data show that myoblasts from normal tissue grows well on both surfaces, although fusion is enhanced when these cells are grown on a gelatin-coated surface. Myoblasts from dystrophic tissue, however, appear to have an impaired ability to adhere to an uncoated surface, although fusion is enhanced when these myoblasts are grown on coated plates. The fusion percentage of the dystrophic cells is consistently lower than that of myoblasts from normal tissue. At low concentrations of 5-azacytidine tested, there seems to be no enhancement of fusion capability in either the normal or dystrophic lines. AUNg SK; Lewis KE EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p730-6 MJMuscles /PA; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal MNAzacytidine /PD; Cell Differentiation /DE; Cell Fusion; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Hamsters; Mesocricetus; Muscles /CY /DE; Species Specificity; Tissue Culture /MT MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001972 TIDevelopment and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein. ABSix monoclonal antibodies were developed to pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS beta 1G). Studies of ascitic fluid antibodies by a double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) included an evaluation of titers, dose-response parameters, and mass action properties. Four of the antibodies demonstrated moderate to high titers ranging from 1/40 000 to greater than 1/120 000, as determined by the specific binding of 125I-labeled PS beta 1G. In inhibition studies utilizing a standard containing known quantities of placental PS beta 1G, two of the antibodies (AR 11 and B 2) were highly sensitive and only slightly lower in this regard than a high affinity polyclonal antiserum. The binding affinities of AR 11 and B 2 monoclonals were greater than 10(9) mol-1 which underline their importance as potential clinical reagents for the RIA of PS beta 1G. The Scatchard plots, for several of the antibodies, were linear and in full agreement with a single order of binding sites predicted for specific monoclonal reagents. Immunodiffusion results provide preliminary evidence that at least three distinct determinants on PS beta 1G are recognized by a number of the monoclonal antibodies. Further studies on the fine specificities of the antibodies by solid-phase RIA, as well as a detailed evaluation of their clinical applications, are in progress. AUGidney MA; Bundle DR; Godard A; Griffiths BW EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p737-42 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Pregnancy Proteins; Pregnancy-Specific Beta 1-Glycoprotein MNCell Line; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gel Diffusion Tests; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Plasmacytoma /IM; Pregnancy-Specific Beta 1-Glycoprotein /IM; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay MTAnimal; Female; Human RN14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 1662-06-2 (17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001973 TIEffects of cytochalasin B on steroid-induced oocyte meiosis and centrifugally induced nuclear movement in the goldfish Carassius auratus. ABIn goldfish, 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) induced oocyte nucleus or germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and dissolution (GVD) in a dose-related fashion. Administration of cytochalasin B (CB) in the presence of DHP inhibited the steroid-induced GVM and GVD after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The presence of CB alone, at concentrations below 25 micrograms/mL, had no effect on GVM or GVD. Furthermore, CB, either alone or in combination with DHP, elicited significant increases in follicular diameter after 24 and 48 h of incubation. To test the effect of CB on ooplasmic viscoelasticity, fully grown follicles were centrifuged and the centrifugally induced germinal vesicle (GV) displacement was determined. Pretreatment (24 h) of follicles with high doses of CB (25 and 50 micrograms/mL) increased the movement of GV in a centripetal direction. However, at lower concentrations (0.005-5 micrograms/mL), CB treatment was without an effect on the centrifugally induced GV movement in the oocyte. The present study suggests involvement of microfilaments or other cytoskeletal components, sensitive to CB, in the mechanisms of GVM and GVD in goldfish oocytes. In addition, a simple technique has been described for testing ooplasmic viscoelasticity determined by movement of the GV under a centrifugal force. AUHabibi HR; Lessman CA EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p743-51 MJCell Nucleus /UL; Cytochalasin B; Hydroxyprogesterones; Oocytes MNCell Movement /DE; Cell Nucleus /DE /PH; Goldfish; Kinetics; Meiosis /DE; Oocytes /DE /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.23. (DNA Restriction Enzymes) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001974 TITc1(Hin): a form of the transposable element Tc1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ABIn this paper we describe the coexistence of two forms of the transposable element Tc1 in the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A copy of the variant form has been isolated from the Bergerac genome and characterized. Restriction mapping and DNA sequencing have shown that a G to T transversion generated a HindIII restriction site to form the variant Tc1(Hin). The presence of this new restriction site makes this variant easily detectable on genomic blot hybridizations. There are approximately 20 copies of Tc1(Hin) amongst the Tc1's present in the Bergerac genome. Bergerac has approximately 250 copies of Tc1 per genome, whereas Bristol has about 30. In the Bristol strain we detected at least one copy Tc1(Hin). The ratio of Tc1(Hin) to total Tc1's is similar in the genomes of Bristol and Bergerac, even though they have markedly different total numbers of Tc1. Our results suggest that a trans-acting change in either the elements or the host genome was responsible for the expansion of Tc1 copy number in the Bergerac genome. AURose AM; Harris LJ; Mawji NR; Morris WJ EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p752-6 MJCaenorhabditis; DNA Insertion Elements MNBase Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Plasmids; Variation (Genetics) MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN131-48-6 (N-acetylneuraminic acid); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 7732-18-5 (Water) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001975 TIOn the interaction between 5-hydroxytryptamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid under aqueous conditions. ABA complex designated 5-HT-NeuAc was formed between 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) under aqueous conditions. Complex formation was encouraged by exposure to light (3000-3800 A; 1 A = 0.1 nm) and freeze-drying and the freeze-dried complex was isolated by gel filtration chromatography. Although stable to rechromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 if H2O was the eluent, 5-HT-NeuAc dissociated into the free components when placed in 0.1 M NaCl. Chemical analyses of the isolated complex showed that an equimolar amount of 5-HT and NeuAc was present and that all group functions were intact; these data suggested that the association between 5-HT and NeuAc was noncovalent. Spectrophotometric measurements demonstrated a small increase (approximately 12%) in extinction coefficient (275 nm) and a large increase (340- to 440-fold) in fluorescence emission (340 nm) compared with 5-HT alone. Data obtained from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (250 MHz) of 5-HT and NeuAc standards compared closely to published reports. In comparison, measurements made with 5-HT-NeuAc showed that all 5-HT protons were slightly deshielded; of the NeuAc protons, slight deshielding of H8 and significant shielding of H3eq, H3ax, and H6 was observed. From these observations, a model describing the association between 5-HT and NeuAc is proposed. AUBerry LR; Puzzuoli FV; Hatton MW EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p757-63 MJSerotonin; Sialic Acids MNKinetics; Light; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Serotonin /RE; Sialic Acids /RE; Water MTSupport, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.4.2.30 (Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase); 26656-46-2 (Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001976 TIPoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of chromatin: kinetics of relaxation and its effect on chromatin solubility. ABWe have studied the kinetics of relaxation of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated polynucleosomes produced by endogenous enzyme activity by comparing the generation of hyper(ADP-ribosyl)ated histone H1 and its effect on the chromatin structure as revealed by electron microscopy. A correlation can be established between the appearance of histone H1 modified forms and the localized relaxation of the chromatin. We have also noticed, in parallel, that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated chromatin showed increased solubility in the presence of Mg2+ and 0.2 M NaCl. Electron microscopic examination of the solubilized chromatin produced by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation shows polynucleosomes exhibiting more relaxed conformation, whereas an increasing amount of hyper(ADP-ribosyl)ated histone H1 is found in the pellet, as shown by acid-urea-polyacrylamide electrophoretic separation of histone extracts. AUFrechette A; Huletsky A; Aubin RJ; de Murcia G; Mandel P; Lord A; Grondin G; Poirier GG EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p764-73 MJChromatin; Histones /ME; Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase; Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose MNChromatin /UL; DNA /IP; Histones /IP; Kinetics; Microscopy, Electron; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleosomes /ME /UL; Pancreas /ME; Rats; Solubility MTAnimal RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium) IS0714-7511 LAEnglish JCCHO SBM UI86001977 TIThe presence of a heat-stable cytosolic factor in rat submandibular gland which activates Na+,K+-ATPase. ABA low molecular weight substance is present in the soluble fraction of the rat submandibular gland which activates Na+,K+-ATPase. Varying amounts of cytosolic protein from rat submandibular gland were added to a heavy microsomal preparation of the same tissue. A dose-dependent activation of the Na+,K+-ATPase was observed, with a peak activation of approximately 82% occurring when 9.0 micrograms/mL of cytosolic protein was included in the assay. The activating factor is heat stable and soluble following heat treatment. The factor elutes at a molecular mass of 600 daltons as determined by molecular sieve column chromatography. Ultraviolet-visible scanning of the elute material results in an absorbance at 210 nm, which is characteristic of a low molecular weight peptide. AUPon DJ; Stewart DJ; Sen AK EM8601 SOCan J Biochem Cell Biol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p774-7 MJAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium; Proteins /PH; Submandibular Gland MNCytosol /ME; Drug Stability; Enzyme Activation; Heat; Kinetics; Proteins /IP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Solubility MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001983 TIHypereosinophilic syndrome in cats: a report of three cases. ABThe clinical, clinicopathological and pathological findings in three cats with hypereosinophilic syndrome are described. The cats chosen for the study had marked eosinophilia and evidence of tissue infiltration by eosinophils. Necropsies were performed on two cats, biopsy and blood samples were provided for the third cat. At necropsy, there was diffuse reddening of femoral bone marrow with ulceration and thickening of the duodenum. The livers had an enhanced lobular pattern with multiple, white, 1-3 mm nodules throughout the parenchyma. One cat had splenomegaly and the other had several enlarged, white, firm lymph nodes. Histopathologically, there was eosinophil infiltration of intestine, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, adrenal medulla and beneath the endocardium. Ultrastructurally, the eosinophils from lymph node and bone marrow of cat II were morphologically normal. The rigid criteria for eosinophilic leukemia were not fulfilled by these cases and the etiology of the eosinophilia in each case is not known. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. AUMcEwen SA; Valli VE; Hulland TJ EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p248-53 MJCat Diseases; Eosinophilia /VE MNAdrenal Medulla /PA; Bone Marrow /PA; Cats; Eosinophilia /PA; Eosinophils /CY /UL; Intestines /PA; Leukocyte Count /VE; Liver /PA; Lymph Nodes /PA; Microscopy, Electron; Spleen /PA; Syndrome /VE MTAnimal; Case Report; Female; Male RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001984 TIInterrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis. ABPath analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between ambient temperature, age at calving, postpartum reproductive events and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data used in the analysis were collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). The data were obtained from a double blind study evaluating the effects of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol in postpartum cows. Rectal palpation to assess uterine involution and ovarian activity was performed on each cow on days 15, 24 and 28 postpartum. At the same time, blood samples were collected for subsequent progesterone assay. Data were recorded on the occurrence of reproductive diseases and events from the time of parturition until the diagnosis of pregnancy or until the cow left the herd in the case of culled cows. There was an increase in the incidence of retained placenta, in the percentage of cows with abnormal vaginal discharge in the early postpartum period as well as a delay in uterine involution during the winter months. In addition, cows calving during the winter had prolonged intervals to first estrus, first service and conception compared to cows calving during the summer. (Cows calving during the warmest months, on average, were seen in estrus 24 days sooner, received first service 42 days sooner and conceived 27 days sooner than cows calving during the coldest months of the year).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUEtherington WG; Martin SW; Dohoo IR; Bosu WT EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p254-60 MJCattle; Reproduction MNAge Factors; Cattle Diseases; Dystocia /VE; Endometritis /VE; Estrus; Insemination; Labor Complications /VE; Models, Biological; Placenta; Pregnancy, Animal; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL; Temperature MTAnimal; Female RN40665-92-7 (Cloprostenol); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001985 TIInterrelationships between postpartum events, hormonal therapy, reproductive abnormalities and reproductive performance in dairy cows: a path analysis. ABPath analysis was used to determine the interrelationships between postpartum administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and cloprostenol and the occurrence of reproductive disease and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The data analysed were those collected on 226 Holstein-Friesian cows calving in a commercial dairy herd during a 17 month period (May 1, 1981 to October 1, 1982). Cows administered gonadotrophin releasing hormone at day 15 postpartum experienced an improved rate of uterine involution as determined by rectal palpation nine days later. Although this improved rate of uterine involution reduced the risk of pyometritis, it actually directly delayed conception. Also, gonadotrophin releasing hormone therapy directly resulted in an increased incidence of pyometritis which in turn resulted in an increase incidence of cystic ovarian disease and anestrus. The occurrence of these abnormalities resulted in increased intervals from calving to first observed estrus, first service and conception. In addition to this effect, the administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone was also associated with increased plasma progesterone concentrations at days 24 and 28 postpartum which delayed conception. Cloprostenol therapy at day 24 postpartum resulted in a decreased plasma progesterone concentration at day 28 postpartum which was directly and indirectly associated with a decrease in the calving to conception interval. The indirect effects were mediated by a reduction in days to first estrus. Cloprostenol therapy also directly resulted in a decreased calving to first observed estrus interval for reasons not attributable to the level of progesterone at day 28. AUEtherington WG; Martin SW; Dohoo IR; Bosu WT EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p261-7 MJCattle; Reproduction MNAnestrus; Cattle Diseases; Cloprostenol /PD; Endometritis /VE; Estrus; Insemination; Models, Biological; Ovarian Cysts /VE; Pituitary Hormone Releasing Hormones /PD; Pregnancy, Animal; Pregnancy; Progesterone /BL; Puerperal Disorders /VE; Reproduction /DE; Suppuration /VE MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001986 TISalmonellae and salmonellosis in captive reptiles. ABIn a survey of 150 pet reptiles submitted for necropsy, 51% of snakes, 48% of lizards and 7% of turtles were infected with Salmonella. About one third of the positive animals had died due to various manifestations of salmonellosis. Thirty-one Salmonella serotypes were identified including three isolates new to Canada. The public health implications are discussed in view of the restricted popularity of reptiles and their possible infection from domestic agricultural products. AUOnderka DK; Finlayson MC EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p268-70 MJLizards; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella; Snakes; Turtles MNAnimals, Domestic; Endocarditis, Bacterial /VE; Enteritis /VE; Serotyping; Species Specificity MTAnimal RN50-33-9 (Phenylbutazone); 58-64-0 (Adenosine Diphosphate); 7771-44-0 (arachidonic acid); 9007-34-5 (Collagen) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001987 TIThe effect of oral phenylbutazone on whole blood platelet aggregation in the dog. ABPlatelet aggregation to collagen, arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate was evaluated in six dogs using a whole blood electronic aggregometer. The six dogs were then given phenylbutazone orally according to four different dosage levels and durations of treatment. Aggregation responses were measured at established intervals of time following phenylbutazone administration. Data on untreated dogs indicated that arachidonic acid, at a final concentration of 50 micrograms/mL and collagen, at a final concentration of 5 micrograms/mL, were useful agents for studying whole blood platelet aggregation in the dog, but adenosine diphosphate, at a final concentration of 30 microM was not. The high single dose (900 mg) of phenylbutazone significantly inhibited platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid at 1.5,4,7 and 12 hours following administration. The results indicated that the whole blood electronic aggregometer was of limited value in detecting subtle changes in platelet aggregation. It was concluded, however, that the instrument is potentially useful as a rapid screening aid for detecting canine patients at high risk of platelet-related bleeding problems. AUJackson ML; Searcy GP; Olexson DW EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p271-7 MJDogs; Phenylbutazone /PD; Platelet Aggregation MNAdenosine Diphosphate /PD; Administration, Oral; Arachidonic Acids /PD; Blood Platelets /DE; Collagen /PD; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Phenylbutazone /AD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (wheat bran) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001988 TIThe effect of dietary fibre on feed intake and growth in beagle puppies. ABWe studied the growth, feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio of groups of female Beagle puppies fed 16% or 22% crude protein rations to which 6% or 12% wheat bean was added at the expense of the total diet. The final neutral detergent fibre concentrations were 12%, 16%, 22% and 23% (dry matter basis). The addition of wheat bran to puppy rations, bringing the neutral detergent fibre up to 16% in a 21% crude protein diet had no deleterious effects on feed intake, feed and protein efficiency or growth in Beagle puppies. Over a sufficiently long period of time, the growth of this group did not differ from that of the controls (12% neutral detergent fibre, 23% crude protein) although it was higher at intermediate times. The effects of the high fibre (22 or 23% neutral detergent fibre) diets on growth, feed intake feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio are consistent with an energy deficit resulting from the animals' inability to adapt fully to the dilution of their rations leading to lower growth, less efficient use of feed and, in the case of group 3 (22% crude protein, 22% neutral detergent fibre), a lower protein efficiency ratio. The protein efficiency ratio of group 4 (16% crude protein, 23% neutral detergent fibre) was higher than that of group 3, most likely the result of a more limiting amount of dietary protein leading to a more efficient use for growth by the animal. We have concluded that intermediate levels of neutral detergent fibre (up to 16%) were not deleterious even in puppy rations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUDelorme CB; Barrette D; Mongeau R; Lariviere N EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p278-85 MJDietary Fiber /PD; Dogs; Eating MNBody Weight /DE; Dietary Fiber /AD; Dietary Proteins /PD; Energy Metabolism MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-89-6 (Iron); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 9007-74-3 (Fetal Hemoglobin) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001989 TISerum iron, total iron binding capacity, plasma copper and hemoglobin types in anemic and poikilocytic calves. ABNinety-eight calves were studied to determine if anemia and poikilocytosis were related to iron or copper status or hemoglobin type. No significant differences were found in serum iron, total iron binding capacity, marrow iron, plasma copper or hemoglobin type between affected and normal calves. Poikilocytes were strongly inversely correlated (-0.9177) with age. Calves less than six weeks of age had more poikilocytes, lower serum iron, higher total iron binding capacity, less adult hemoglobin and more neonatal and fetal hemoglobin than calves greater than six weeks of age. AUMcGillivray SR; Searcy GP; Hirsch VM EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p286-90 MJAnemia /VE; Cattle Diseases; Copper; Erythrocytes, Abnormal; Hematologic Diseases /VE; Hemoglobins; Iron MNAnemia /BL; Cattle; Fetal Hemoglobin /AN; Hematologic Diseases /BL; Iron /ME MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN8006-64-2 (Turpentine) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001990 TISequential morphological and quantitative changes in blood and bone marrow neutrophils in dogs with acute inflammation. ABBlood and bone marrow morphology were studied sequentially in dogs during experimental inflammation induced by intramuscular injection of turpentine. Depletion of the bone marrow storage pool of mature neutrophils and an increase in mitotic activity and number of early granulocyte precursors were evident within 24 hours. During the next three days, intense granulocytic hyperplasia resulted in replenishment of the bone marrow storage pool. Neutrophils with foamy vacuolation and increased basophilia of the cytoplasm (toxic neutrophils) were present in the blood by eight hours postinjection. The number of toxic neutrophils paralleled the intensity of clinical signs and changes in rectal temperature but not the number of band neutrophils. This indicates that changes in number of toxic neutrophils in sequential leukograms can be a prognostic indicator in dogs with severe inflammation. AUGossett KA; MacWilliams PS; Cleghorn B EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p291-7 MJBone Marrow; Dog Diseases; Myelitis /VE; Neutrophils /UL MNAcute Disease; Body Temperature; Dogs; Injections, Intramuscular /VE; Leukocyte Count /VE; Myelitis /PA; Neutrophils /CY; Time Factors; Turpentine /AD /AE; Vacuoles /UL MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001991 TIA ╥dipstick╙ enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody to Brucella abortus in cattle sera. ABAn enzyme immunoassay that utilizes antigen bound to a matrix which can be removed from the substrate to stop development is described. The assay which is performed in glass or plastic disposable tubes uses Gel-Bond film strips for attachment of antigen. The only equipment requirements are a rotary shaker and a spectrophotometer (optional). The antigen coated strips are passed through a series of tubes containing test serum, wash solution, antibody-enzyme conjugate, wash solution and substrate-chromogen taking about 45 minutes to perform. In testing sera with or without antibody to Brucella abortus a very high correlation existed between same day tests and tests performed over several days as well as with data on the same sera obtained by an enzyme immunoassay in a microtiter format. AUNielsen K; Ballinger R; Stiller J; Rosenbaum B EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p298-302 MJAntibodies, Bacterial; Brucella Abortus; Brucellosis, Bovine MNCattle; Chromatography, Affinity; Immunoenzyme Technics /IS; Lipopolysaccharides /IM MTAnimal IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001992 TIExperimental inoculation of cats with human coronavirus 229E and subsequent challenge with feline infectious peritonitis virus. ABMinimal-disease cats exposed to live human coronavirus 229E developed homologous antibody responses that suggested little or no replication of the virus in inoculated animals. Oronasal and subcutaneous inoculation of coronavirus 229E did not elicit an antibody response by heterologous (transmissible gastroenteritis virus, canine coronavirus) neutralization or by heterologous (transmissible gastroenteritis virus) kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No clinical signs attributable to coronavirus 229E were seen in inoculated cats. Although the number of animals in each of the five experimental groups was small (n = 2), antibodies produced in response to the virus did not appear to sensitize cats to subsequent feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge, but neither did they cross-protect cats against the challenge dose. AUBarlough JE; Johnson-Lussenburg CM; Stoddart CA; Jacobson RH; Scott FW EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p303-7 MJAntibodies, Viral; Cat Diseases; Cats; Coronaviridae; Coronavirus Infections /VE; Peritonitis /VE MNAntibody Specificity; Coronavirus Infections /IM; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Neutralization Tests; Peritonitis /IM MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7439-96-5 (Manganese); 7440-50-8 (Copper); 7440-66-6 (Zinc); 7782-49-2 (Selenium) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001993 TIThe concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium in the hair of newborn piglets and their dams. ABInstrumental neutron activation analysis was employed to determine the levels of certain trace elements in the hair of newborn piglets and their dams. The mean concentrations (mumoles/mg) of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium in the neonatal piglet hair samples were 222 +/- 55, 4940 +/- 1728, 12.7 +/- 17.1 and 8.9 +/- 5.5, respectively, and in sow hair samples the mean concentrations (mumoles/mg) were 156 +/- 22, 5124 +/- 1927, 31.7 +/- 22.2 and 6.5 +/- 3.7, respectively. The mean copper level was higher (p less than 0.05) in piglet hair compared with sow hair. However the mean concentration of manganese was lower (p less than 0.05) in piglet hair. There was no relationship between the trace mineral levels found in the piglets' hair and the dams' hair. The levels of copper, zinc, manganese and selenium found in piglet hair were shown to be unrelated to the piglet body weight. The feasibility of using porcine hair as a practical biopsy material for trace element analysis is discussed. AUFriendship RM; Wilson MR; Gibson RS EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p308-10 MJAnimals, Newborn; Copper; Hair; Manganese; Selenium; Swine; Zinc MNNeutron Activation Analysis; Regression Analysis MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.11.1.9 (Glutathione Peroxidase) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001994 TIPiglet blood glutathione peroxidase levels and preweaning mortality. ABThe blood glutathione peroxidase levels of one day old piglets from 22 litters were examined. Body weight and piglet survival were monitored in order to assess the relationship between these two factors and blood glutathione peroxidase activity. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets (65 mu/gHb) was significantly lower (p0.001) than the mean level (85 mu/gHb) at weaning. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of one day old piglets was not related to the size of the litter, but was related (p less than 0.1) to the mean litter blood glutathione peroxidase level at weaning time. Piglet blood glutathione peroxidase was not related to piglet body weight. The blood glutathione peroxidase level of the sows at one-day post-farrowing was not related to the mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of their litters at one day of age but was correlated (p less than 0.1) with the mean blood glutathione peroxidase levels of their litters at weaning. Piglet viability was shown to be strongly correlated (p less than 0.001) with body weight at one day of age. The blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets was weakly associated (p less than 0.1) with piglet survival. Further work is required to clarify this latter observation, which suggests that selenium supplementation to newborn piglets may be beneficial regardless of the dams nutritional status. AUFriendship RM; Wilson MR EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p311-4 MJGlutathione Peroxidase; Swine MNAnimals, Newborn; Animals, Suckling; Body Weight; Mortality; Weaning MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN54648-10-1 (acetyldeoxynivalenol) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001995 TIPathology of acute 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol toxicity in mice. ABMice were killed 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours after intragastrical administration of 0, 5, 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg body weight of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol. The animals became clinically ill after 12 hours and some animals in the highest dose group died. Histological examination of duodenal crypts, thymus and spleen revealed, in all dose groups, presence of the characteristic lesions that are known to be produced by trichothecenes, but the intensity of lesions in the 40 mg group corresponded to lesions known to be caused by 4 mg/kg of T-2 toxin. A rabbit skin bioassay with 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol gave negative results on one occasion and a mild reaction to 100 to 500 micrograms/mL on another. It is concluded that 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol is considerably less toxic than T-2 toxin, but causes acute effects in the dividing cells of the body in a manner characteristic of trichothecenes. AUSchiefer HB; Nicholson S; Kasali OB; Hancock DS; Greenhalgh R EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p315-8 MJDuodenum; Sesquiterpenes; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Trichothecenes /PO MNDose-Response Relationship, Drug; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Necrosis; Time Factors; Trichothecenes /AD MTAnimal; Male RN54648-10-1 (acetyldeoxynivalenol) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001996 TISubacute toxicity of dietary 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in mice. AB3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol was incorporated into a semisynthetic diet at levels of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 ppm and fed to mice for up to 48 days. Body weights and feed consumption were determined, and blood samples for hematological evaluation were taken. Selected tissues were examined microscopically and the humoral immune response was assessed using the Jerne plaque assay. 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol caused a dose-related depressed feed consumption within the first seven days and reduced body weight until day 14 when fed at levels up to 10 ppm. When fed at a level of 20 ppm, an initial depression in body weight gain and a general malaise were followed by a return to normal. At necropsy, no macroscopic or microscopic lesions could be found. The immune response was not significantly affected after seven or 14 days, but at 21 days, a dose-dependent enhanced response was observed. The findings indicate that, after an initial period of reduced feed intake, animals are apparently able to overcome the toxic effects of 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol. AUKasali OB; Schiefer HB; Hancock DS; Blakley BR; Tomar RS; Greenhalgh R EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p319-22 MJAnimal Feed; Food Contamination; Sesquiterpenes; Trichothecenes /TO MNAntibody-Producing Cells /DE; Body Weight /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating /DE; Hemolytic Plaque Technic; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Organ Weight /DE; Spleen /IM; Trichothecenes /AD MTAnimal; Male IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001997 TITracheal versus pulmonary deposition and clearance of inhaled Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus in mice. ABThe aim of this investigation was to do a comparative study on the deposition and clearance of inhaled bacteria between the lungs and tracheae of mice exposed to aerosols of bacteria. Two hundred and eighty-eight mice were divided into four groups (n = 72) and exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus in four replicates. The numbers of bacteria were determined in the trachea and lungs of mice sacrificed 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours postexposure. Results indicated that bacterial deposition was greater in lungs than in tracheae. No significant (p greater than 0.05) difference was observed between P. haemolytica and S. aureus clearance rates. Although bacteria were rapidly eliminated from the whole respiratory tract, bacterial clearance was significantly (p less than 0.002) faster in tracheae than lungs. A significant (p less than 0.05) replicate effect was also observed. AURodriguez LM ; Lopez A ; Merino-Moncada M; Martinez-Burnes J ; Mondragon I EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p323-6 MJAir Microbiology; Lung; Pasteurella; Staphylococcus aureus; Trachea MNAerosols; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001998 TIPulmonary recruitment of neutrophils and bacterial clearance in mice inoculated with aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica or Staphylococcus aureus. ABPulmonary alveolar macrophages are considered to be the main phagocytic cell of the pulmonary defense mechanism. However recent studies indicate that neutrophils may also participate in the defense against inhaled bacteria. The aim of this investigation was to study in mice the correlation between numbers of phagocytic cells in the bronchoalveolar space and the pulmonary clearance of bacteria. White mice were exposed to aerosols of Pasteurella haemolytica (n = 129) or Staphylococcus aureus (n = 129) in three different experimental replicates. Another group of mice (n = 22) was sham exposed to an aerosol of sterile phosphate buffered solution in a single replicate. Animals were sacrificed at various times postaerosolization. The numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages in lung lavages and the pulmonary bacterial clearance rates were determined and statistically analysed. No significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were observed in the rates of pulmonary clearance between the two genera of bacteria, but P. haemolytica had a significant (p less than 0.05) replicate effect. The number of alveolar macrophages was not significantly affected by either bacteria or phosphate buffered solution. Exposure to P. haemolytica resulted in dramatic, significant (p less than 0.01) but transient increases in neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar space as well as a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in the weights of lung. The correlation between neutrophils and clearance was positive for P. haemolytica but negative for S. aureus. These results indicate that both species of bacteria are rapidly eliminated from the lung despite a rather different cellular response. AUMartinez-Burnes J ; Lopez A ; Merino-Moncada M; Ochoa-Galvan P ; Mondragon I EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p327-32 MJAir Microbiology; Lung; Neutrophils; Pasteurella; Pulmonary Alveoli; Staphylococcus aureus MNAerosols; Cell Count; Irrigation; Macrophages /CY; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Species Specificity; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN25126-76-5 (5-Androstane-3,17-diol); 521-18-6 (Stanolone); 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride); 8008-74-0 (Sesame Oil); 9002-67-9 (LH) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86001999 TIThe effects of androgens and gonadotropins on testicular development in the prepubertal rat. ABTreatment of male rat pups from five to 34 days of age with dihydrotestosterone or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, resulted in reduced testicular size at 35 days of age. This appeared to be due to decreased tubular diameters and reduced spermatocyte numbers, especially late pachytene cells in stages X to XIII. In rat pups treated with dihydrotestosterone or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, treatment with luteinizing hormone resulted in some restoration of tubular diameter and spermatocyte numbers. In 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol treated rat pups partial restoration of testes size resulted from follicle-stimulating hormone treatment, but tubular diameter and spermatocyte numbers were depressed. Single serum samples collected at 35 days of age were analysed for luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations. These data indicated that the effects of administered androgens were due primarily to depression of circulating gonadotropin concentrations but a direct inhibition at the level of the testis could not be ruled out. AUKennedy RI; Rawlings NC; Murphy BD EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p333-6 MJ5-Androstane-3,17-diol; Androstanols; FSH /PD; LH /PD; Rats; Sex Maturation; Stanolone; Testis MNFSH /BL; LH /BL; Organ Weight /DE; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sesame Oil /PD; Sodium Chloride /PD; Spermatogenesis /DE; Testis /GD MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN144-48-9 (Iodoacetamide); 63-42-3 (Lactose); 68608-58-2 (whey) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002000 TICleavage of bovine immunoglobulin G1 in whey by an extracellular material from Brucella abortus. ABCulture extracts of in vitro grown Brucella abortus were demonstrated to cleave a part of the Fc portion of bovine immunoglobulin G1 in whey but not in serum or as a purified protein from serum. Supernates from Strains 19 and 2308 of B. abortus were both capable of this hydrolysis whereas living cells were not. The cleavage process was independent of antibody activity to B. abortus, appeared to require factor(s) found only in some whey samples and was ineffective with the other bovine immunoglobulins. AUNielsen K EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p337-9 MJBrucella Abortus; IgG; Lactose MNCattle; Gel Diffusion Tests; Heat; Hydrolysis; Immunoelectrophoresis; Immunoglobulin Fragments /AN; Iodoacetamide /PD; Molecular Weight; Protein Denaturation MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002001 TINatural transmission of bovine leukemia virus in dairy calves by dehorning. ABGouge dehorning was evaluated as a mode of transmitting bovine leukemia virus in Holstein calves at a commercial dairy. Significantly (p less than 0.05) more calves dehorned by the gouge method developed antibodies to bovine leukemia virus, as measured by agar-gel immunodiffusion, three months after dehorning, than calves not dehorned. The field use of a blood-contaminated dehorning device resulted in transmission of bovine leukemia virus. AUDiGiacomo RF; Darlington RL; Evermann JF EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p340-2 MJAntibodies, Viral; Bovine Leukemia Virus; Cattle Diseases; Horns; Leukemia /VE; Retroviridae MNCattle; Cautery /VE; Gel Diffusion Tests /VE; Leukemia /TM; Surgery, Veterinary /MT MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002002 TIParvovirus-like particles associated with diarrhea in unweaned piglets. ABNumerous parvovirus-like particles, 18 to 26 nm in diameter, were detected by electron microscopy in the intestinal contents of two to three week old piglets with mild to severe diarrhea, in six Quebec pig herds. Hemagglutination of guinea pig and African green monkey red blood cells was obtained with clarified intestinal contents. Two isolates were found to be antigenically related to porcine and canine parvoviruses, while another differed from the porcine parvovirus using the hemagglutination-inhibition test. Three isolates could be cultivated in cell cultures as demonstrated by the development of a cytopathic effect, hemagglutination activity, immunofluorescence and identification of the virions in the cell culture fluids by electron microscopy. The possibility of a primary etiological role for these parvoviruses in diarrhea of unweaned piglets is discussed. AUDea S; Elazhary MA; Martineau GP; Vaillancourt J EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p343-5 MJDiarrhea /VE; Disease Outbreaks; Swine Diseases MNAnimals, Suckling; Antigenic Determinants; Diarrhea /MI; Feces /MI; Microscopy, Electron; Parvoviridae /IM /IP /UL; Swine MTAnimal RN57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4050 LAEnglish JCCI0 SBM UI86002003 TIThe sensitivity and specificity of postbreeding plasma progesterone levels as a pregnancy test for dairy cows. ABPlasma progesterone levels on day 4 and day 8 postbreeding were measured for one hundred and eighty-four dairy cows. These two parameters (PPD4, PPD8), their absolute difference (PPDIFF) and their ratio (PPRATIO) were assessed for their ability to identify cows not conceiving, using the principles of sensitivity and specificity. PPD4 was significantly higher (p less than 0.10) and PPD8, PPDIFF and PPRATIO were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in cows remaining open than in pregnant cows. Evaluating each parameter separately, PPDIFF greater than 3.00 units had the highest specificity, 85.7%, but a low sensitivity (27.0%). Combining two parameters using series interpretation to increase specificity resulted in the best combination of specificity (87%) and sensitivity (27%). Maximum specificity was 97% for PPD4 less than or equal to 1.00 units and PPD8 greater than 4.00 units, and also for PPD4 less than or equal to 1.00 units and PPDIFF greater than 3.00 units, but sensitivity was very low (7% and 10% respectively). Predictive values of the test results with the best specificity were evaluated; given the population pregnancy rate of 54%, none exceeded 50%, indicating that the plasma progesterone parameters were not very useful for identifying open dairy cows. AUMontgomery ME; Leslie KE; Martin SW EM8601 SOCan J Comp Med (Canada), Jul 1985, 49(3) p346-9 MJCattle; Insemination; Pregnancy Tests; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone MNAnalysis of Variance; Pregnancy; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002004 TIThe practical work-up of the uveitis patient. AUColes RS EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p166-70 MJUveitis MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Antinuclear Factors /AN; Aqueous Humor /AN; Immunologic Technics; Middle Age; Skin Tests; Toxocariasis /DI; Toxoplasmosis /DI; Uveitis /ET; Vitreous Body /AN MTFemale; Human; Male RN56391-56-1 (Netilmicin) IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002005 TIIntraocular penetration of netilmicin. ABThe intraocular penetration of the aminoglycoside netilmicin following intramuscular and subconjunctival injection was studied in 102 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery. Those who received either a single 1.5-mg/kg intramuscular injection or two 1.5-mg/kg injections 6 hours apart subsequently had therapeutic serum levels but aqueous levels of less than 2.4 micrograms/mL. Those who received a subconjunctival injection of either 12.5 or 25 mg of netilmicin subsequently had aqueous levels of up to 36 or 85.6 micrograms/mL; therapeutic levels in the anterior chamber persisted for 7 to 9 hours, with higher levels following the 25-mg injection. Despite wide variation in the aqueous levels following subconjunctival injection the ocular penetration of netilmicin was comparable to that reported for other aminoglycosides. No major complications were associated with the use of this antibiotic by either route. AUOrr WM; Jackson WB; Colden K EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p171-5 MJAqueous Humor; Netilmicin /ME MNAqueous Humor /ME; Conjunctiva; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections; Netilmicin /AD /BL; Time Factors MTComparative Study; Human IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002006 TIOcular and oculodermal melanocytosis. ABThirty-three cases of ocular (27) or oculodermal (6) melanocytosis were reviewed to determine the ocular structures involved by the melanocytic hyperpigmentation. The hyperpigmentation was clinically documented to involve all quadrants of the eye in the majority of the subjects; however, nine persons had sectorial involvement. The choroid and episclera were involved diffusely or sectorially in all the subjects, and the anterior chamber angle and iris were involved in most cases. The conjunctiva, lens and optic disc were less frequently involved. Ten persons had a uveal malignant melanoma in the hyperpigmented eye, and in three of the cases the melanoma had arisen in the hyperpigmented sector. Melanocytic involvement of the trabecular meshwork was not clinically correlated with elevated intraocular pressure. AUGonder JR; Nichol J; Augsburger JJ; Shields JA EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p176-8 MJEye Diseases; Melanocytes; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin Diseases MNEye Diseases /PA; Eye /PA; Melanoma /CO; Pigmentation Disorders /PA; Skin Diseases /PA; Uveal Neoplasms /CO MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride) IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002007 TIElectron microscopic study of toxicity of intravitreal injections of gentamicin in primates. ABSeven eyes of four young adult cynomolgus monkeys were injected intravitreally with 0.4 mg of gentamicin. One eye was enucleated after 1 day, and two eyes were enucleated after 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month. The control eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of saline and was enucleated after 1 week. All the eyes underwent electroretinography and ophthalmoscopy before and after treatment. No differences were detected by these techniques or by light and electron microscopy between the experimental eyes and the control. AULing CH; Peyman GA; Raichand M EM8601 ID1P3EY01792 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p179-83 MJGentamicins; Vitreous Body MNElectroretinography; Injections; Macaca fascicularis; Microscopy, Electron; Sodium Chloride /PD; Vitreous Body /UL MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002008 TIPhthisis bulbi after intraocular lens implantation in a child. ABA 4-year-old boy with trisomy 21 and a congenital cataract underwent cataract extraction and implantation of an iris-supported intraocular lens (IOL). Four years later the implant dislocated anteriorly and had to be removed. Now, 11 years postoperatively, the eye is blind, painful and shrunken. IOL implantation in infants and children is theoretically justified to preserve vision, reduce amblyopia and preserve fusion. The use of modern posterior chamber IOLs, especially when implanted in the lens capsular bag (if technically feasible), could reduce the risk of complications. However, until further data are accumulated, a conservative approach is warranted. AUGieser SC; Apple DJ; Loftfield K; Richey MA; Rivera RP EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p184-5 MJBlindness; Eye Diseases; Lenses, Intraocular; Postoperative Complications MNCataract Extraction; Cataract /CN /CO; Child, Preschool; Mental Retardation /CO; Nystagmus /CO MTCase Report; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4182 LAEnglish JCCJJ SBM UI86002009 TIPreventing vascularization of full-thickness corneal grafts with a barrier of Descemet's membrane [letter] AUBasu PK; Liu GS EM8601 SOCan J Ophthalmol (Canada), Aug 1985, 20(5) p199 MJCornea /TR; Descemet's Membrane; Neovascularization MNCornea /BS; Methods; Rabbits MTAnimal RN50-21-5 (lactic acid); 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate); 67-07-2 (Phosphocreatine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002010 TIThe effect of acid-base balance on fatigue of skeletal muscle. ABH+ ions are generated rapidly when muscles are maximally activated. This results in an intracellular proton load. Typical proton loads in active muscles reach a level of 20-25 mumol X g-1, resulting in a fall in intracellular pH of 0.3-0.5 units in mammalian muscle and 0.6-0.8 units in frog muscle. In isolated frog muscles stimulated to fatigue a proton load of this magnitude is developed, and at the same time maximum isometric force is suppressed by 70-80%. Proton loss is slowed when external pH is kept low. This is paralleled by a slow recovery of contractile tension and seems to support the idea that suppression results from intracellular acidosis. Nonfatigued muscles subjected to similar intracellular proton loads by high CO2 levels show a suppression of maximal tension by only about 30%. This indicates that only a part of the suppression during fatigue is normally due to the direct effect of intracellular acidosis. Further evidence for a component of fatigue that is not due to intracellular acidosis is provided by the fact that some muscle preparations (rat diaphragm) can be fatigued with very little lactate accumulation and very low proton loads. Even under these conditions, a low external pH (6.2) can slow recovery of tension development 10-fold compared with normal pH (7.4). We must conclude that there are at least two components to fatigue. One, due to a direct effect of intracellular acidosis, acting directly on the myofibrils, accounts for a part of the suppression of contractile force. A second, which in many cases may be the major component, is not dependent on intracellular acidosis. This component seems to be due to a change of state in one or more of the steps of the excitation-contraction coupling process. Reversal of this state is sensitive to external pH which suggests that this component is accessible from the outside of the cell. AUMainwood GW; Renaud JM EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p403-16 MJAcid-Base Equilibrium; Muscles MNAdenosine Triphosphate /ME; Bicarbonates /PD; Energy Metabolism; Glycolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactates /ME; Mitochondria, Muscle /ME; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /PH; Oxygen Consumption /DE; Phosphocreatine /ME; Propionates /PD; Protons; Time Factors MCReview MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.14.- (Steroid Hydroxylases); EC 1.14.99.- (25-hydroxycholecalciferol-24-hydroxylase); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase); 14930-96-2 (Cytochalasin B); 19356-17-3 (Calcifediol); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 60-81-1 (Phlorhizin); 7440-23-5 (Sodium); 97-30-3 (alpha-methylglucoside) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002011 TISugar uptake into a primary culture of dog kidney proximal tubular cells. ABWe describe the functional characteristics of a new primary culture system derived from a suspension of dog proximal tubular cells. The culture system is maintained on alpha minimal essential medium with 15% fetal calf serum supplementation. At confluency the cultured cells demonstrate the following: (i) typical epithelial morphology using light microscopy, with multiple dome formation inhibited by ouabain; (ii) strong binding with a polyclonal antibody directed against dog proximal tubular brush border membrane antigens; (iii) high concentration of alkaline phosphatase activity by histochemical staining; and (iv) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3)-24-hydroxylase activity. Sugar transport was assessed using alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside (alpha MG), a nonmetabolizable analog of D-glucose, as well as L-glucose, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3OMG). The transport of alpha MG was stereospecific; temperature sensitive; inhibited strongly by phlorizin but not by cytochalasin B, phloretin, or 3OMG; and Na dependent. The transport of 3OMG is stereospecific, temperature sensitive, and inhibited strongly by phloretin and cytochalasin B, but not by phlorizin. Despite the apparent heterogeneity of cell type, this primary culture system exhibits many features of normal dog proximal tubule function. AUYau C; Rao L; Silverman M EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p417-26 MJCarbohydrates; Kidney Tubules, Proximal MNAlkaline Phosphatase /ME; Calcifediol /ME; Cells, Cultured; Cytochalasin B /PD; Dogs; Glucose /ME; Histocytochemistry; Methylglucosides /DU; Phlorhizin /PD; Sodium /PH; Steroid Hydroxylases /ME MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-81-7 (Ascorbic Acid) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002012 TIThe conditioning effect of large doses of ascorbic acid in guinea pigs. ABThe influence of prolonged exposure of guinea pigs to excessive ascorbic acid (AA) on the outcome of pregnancy, as well as the adaptive effect of the vitamin either during preweanling life or following weaning, were examined. Continuous exposure to AA (1 mg/mL drinking water) from the time they were first mated up to the time of second pregnancy, had no significant effect on the number of offspring and on their weights at birth, when compared with that of the animals receiving 0.1 mg AA/mL drinking water. However, change in AA intake from 1 to 0.1 mg/mL drinking water, at the age of 21 days, resulted in a significant loss in body weight and reductions in the plasma, leukocyte, and adrenal concentrations of AA, as compared with those of the pair-fed animals receiving 0.1 mg/mL drinking water throughout. The present study also indicated that the conditioning effect is less pronounced in guinea pigs when exposed to the high AA following weanling age than in utero. AUBasu TK EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p427-30 MJAscorbic Acid /PD MNAdrenal Glands /ME; Ascorbic Acid /AD /BL /ME; Birth Weight /DE; Body Weight /DE; Growth /DE; Guinea Pigs; Leukocytes /ME; Pregnancy; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome /ET MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.1 (Aspartate Aminotransferase); EC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); 103-90-2 (Acetaminophen); 3599-32-4 (Indocyanine Green); 616-91-1 (Acetylcysteine); 70-18-8 (Glutathione) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002013 TIPostabsorption antidotal effects of N-acetylcysteine on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in the mouse. ABMale Swiss Webster mice, treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 500 mg/kg po) 1 h following acetaminophen (NAPA, 350 mg/kg po) administration, had control levels of transaminases indicating that NAC protects against NAPA-induced hepatotoxicity by postabsorption antidotal mechanism(s). Hepatic congestion induced by NAPA was reduced by NAC. Significantly higher elimination rate constants (K) for indocyanine green (500 micrograms/kg, iv) in mice treated with NAPA and NAC (K = 0.676 +/- 0.062) than in animals receiving NAPA alone (0.341 +/- 0.105) suggested NAC improved or preserved the hepatic circulation of the compromised liver. This NAC-induced improvement and (or) preservation of hepatic circulation was reflected in biliary and urinary excretion of acetaminophen and its metabolites by a general increase in elimination during the first 6 h (70.2 +/- 2.6 vs. 32.6 +/- 7.1%), and in the repletion of glutathione (GSH) in the liver by a return to control levels more quickly (3 vs. greater than 5 h) following depletion by NAPA. The metabolic consequences of the postabsorption antidotal effect of NAC in the compromised liver was a preferential excretion of sulphydryl-derived metabolites in the 1-4 h bile (GSH conjugate 11.30 +/- 1.25 vs. 7.25 +/- 0.39%) which was subsequently observed in the urine by preferential excretion of glutathione degradation products. AUWhitehouse LW; Wong LT; Paul CJ; Pakuts A; Solomonraj G EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p431-7 MJAcetaminophen /TO; Acetylcysteine; Hepatitis, Toxic MNAcetaminophen /AI /UR; Alanine Aminotransferase /BL; Aspartate Aminotransferase /BL; Bile /ME; Body Weight /DE; Glutathione /ME; Indocyanine Green /DU; Liver Function Tests; Liver /ME; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male RNEC 1.2.1.3 (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase); 13183-79-4 (1-N-methyl-5-thiotetrazole); 420-04-2 (Cyanamide); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 75-07-0 (Acetaldehyde); 97-77-8 (Disulfiram) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002014 TIA comparative study of the inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases in the rat by methyltetrazolethiol, calcium carbimide, and disulfiram. ABMethyltetrazolethiol (1-methyl-5-mercapto-1,2,3,4-tetrazole, MTT) is a heterocyclic substituent of the cephalosporin antibiotics, cefamandole, cefoperazone, and moxalactam. Pretreatment of rats with MTT has been reported to increase blood acetaldehyde concentration after ethanol administration. The time course of MTT-induced inhibition of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) was determined in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats in comparison with the hepatic ALDH inhibition induced by calcium carbimide (calcium cyanamide, CC) and disulfiram (D). The apparent onset of maximal inhibition of hepatic low Km ALDH occurred at 2 h for 50 mg/kg MTT (subcutaneous, s.c.) and 7 mg/kg CC (oral) and at 24 h for 300 mg/kg D (oral). The relative magnitude of maximal inhibition of low Km ALDH was CC greater than D greater than MTT. The relative duration of enzyme inhibition was D greater than MTT greater than CC. High Km ALDH was only inhibited by CC. Hepatic low Km ALDH was selectively inhibited by s.c. and oral administration of 125 mg/kg MTT. For s.c. administration of 125 mg/kg MTT, the magnitude of maximal enzyme inhibition and the duration of inhibition were greater than for the 50 mg/kg dose. Oral administration of 125 mg/kg MTT produced similar inhibition of hepatic low Km ALDH compared with s.c. administration of the same dose. The time course of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations was determined for the intravenous infusion of two 0.3-g/kg doses of ethanol to rats that were pretreated orally with saline (1 h), MTT (125 mg/kg, 2 h), or CC (7 mg/kg, 1 h). The relative increase in blood acetaldehyde concentration compared with saline pretreatment was CC greater than MTT. The elimination of ethanol from blood was slower in the MTT- and CC-pretreated animals, and this effect was more pronounced for CC pretreatment. Overall, the data demonstrate that the characteristics of hepatic ALDH inhibition for MTT are different from those of the known ALDH inhibitors, CC and D. AUBrien JF; Tam GS; Cameron RJ; Steenaart NA; Loomis CW EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p438-43 MJAldehyde Dehydrogenase; Azoles; Cyanamide; Cyanides; Disulfiram; Liver; Tetrazoles MNAcetaldehyde /BL; Alcohol, Ethyl /BL /PD; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal; Comparative Study; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.6. (Sulfatases); EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002018 TIThe effect of growth hormone on biogenic amines in the hepatic portal circulation of the dog. ABThe effects of a spike concentration of growth hormone (GH) on hepatic portal and peripheral levels of free serotonin and catecholamines were studied by improved radioenzymatic methods in trained, conscious, normal, adult dogs fitted with an indwelling portal catheter. An injection of ovine GH (6 or 100 micrograms/kg) into a cephalic vein produced in the hepatic portal circulation a transient, statistically significant rise of serotonin and a concomitant significant reduction in the concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. No change was found in the peripheral circulation, partly because the amines were conjugated to sulfates and glucuronides and these derivatives are not detectable by our assays. Thus, a pulse of GH not only stimulates the release of pancreatic hormones and glucose turnover, but also affects the portal profile of glucoregulatory bioamines. The present investigation lends further support to our view that the splanchnic area represents an endocrine system whose preferential target is the liver. AUHussain MN; Sirek A; Cukerman E; Sirek OV EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p463-7 MJBiogenic Amines; Liver; Portal System; Somatotropin MNDogs; Dopamine /BL; Epinephrine /BL; Glucuronidase /PD; Kinetics; Norepinephrine /BL; Serotonin /BL; Sheep; Sulfatases /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 6.3.2. (Peptide Synthetases); EC 6.3.2.3 (Glutathione Synthetase); 103-90-2 (Acetaminophen); 616-91-1 (Acetylcysteine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002019 TIAcetaminophen toxicity in lymphocytes heterozygous for glutathione synthetase deficiency. ABWe have studied the effects of acetaminophen metabolites generated by a murine hepatic microsomal system on lymphocytes from two subjects heterozygous for glutathione synthetase deficiency. Heterozygous cells exhibited greater dose-related toxicity than controls. Following a 2-h incubation with acetaminophen and the microsomal system, cells were washed and incubated for 16 h in the presence or absence of N-acetylcysteine, the standard antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. In control cells, glutathione content was replenished to nearly base-line values and toxicity was prevented. N-Acetylcysteine thus prevented toxicity even after covalent binding of acetaminophen metabolites had occurred. Heterozygous cells failed to use N-acetylcysteine as efficiently to resynthesize glutathione, and the cells were not protected from acetaminophen toxicity. Heterozygotes may be at increased risk of toxicity from drugs whose metabolites are detoxified by glutathione conjugation. AUSpielberg SP EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p468-71 MJAcetaminophen; Glutathione Synthetase; Lymphocytes; Peptide Synthetases MNAcetylcysteine /PD; Child; Glutathione Synthetase /GE; Heterozygote; Lymphocytes /EN; Mice MTAnimal; Human; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.4. (Peptide Peptidohydrolases); EC 3.4.21.9 (Enteropeptidase); 53-06-5 (Cortisone); 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002020 TIDevelopment of enteropeptidase activity in mouse small intestine: influence of hormones. ABThe postnatal development of enteropeptidase activity has been examined on mucosal scrapping of the proximal part of the mouse small intestine. The activity was present at birth and remained low during the first 15 days of life. Then it rapidly increased reaching adult level within 2 days. Daily administration of cortisone acetate (25 micrograms X g body weight (bw)-1 X day-1), insulin (12.5 mU X g bw-1 X day-1), or epidermal growth factor (4 micrograms X g bw-1 X day-1) during 3 days to 8-day-old mice induced a premature increase of enteropeptidase. The maximal increase was observed with cortisone treatment, the enzymic activity representing 70% of the adult level. Thyroxine alone (1 microgram X g bw-1 X day-1) had no significant effect on enteropeptidase activity. Hormonal interactions have been evaluated by studying the effects of different hormonal combinations. Finally, cortisone acetate which has a major effect on this activity during suckling period was unable to influence adult small intestinal enteropeptidase activity. AUArsenault P; Menard D EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p472-5 MJEnteropeptidase; Hormones; Intestine, Small; Peptide Peptidohydrolases MNAnimals, Suckling; Cortisone /PD; Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone /PD; Insulin /PD; Intestine, Small /GD; Mice, Inbred ICR; Mice; Thyroxine /PD MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.- (Adenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium); 0 (digitalis receptor); 630-60-4 (Ouabain) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002021 TIAssociation of the positive inotropic action of ouabain with a second species of digitalis receptors. ABStudies were conducted to determine whether Na-K ATPase or a second species of digitalis receptors in canine cardiac sarcolemma membrane preparations is associated with the positive inotropic action of nontoxic concentrations of ouabain. [3H]ouabain association and dissociation experiments using highly enriched sarcolemma preparations from canine ventricle indicate the presence of two species of ouabain binding receptors. Ouabain binding to Na-K ATPase of the sarcolemma preparation requires supporting ligands and is characterized by fast association and very slow dissociation in vitro. The second species of digitalis receptor does not require supporting ligands for ouabain binding and is characterized by slow association and fast dissociation. To determine which species of digitalis receptor is associated with the positive inotropic action of digitalis, ouabain washout experiments were conducted using various isolated canine myocardial preparations. Washout of the positive inotropic effects of 1.2-2.4 X 10(-7) M ouabain gave half-life values of 1.5-2.0 h for the various myocardial preparations. [3H]ouabain dissociation from the second species of digitalis receptors gave half-life values of 1.7-1.8 h, whereas dissociation from the sarcolemma Na-K ATPase gave half-life values of 8.9-9.3 h for the various sarcolemma preparations utilized. Therefore, based on similarities in half-life values between ouabain inotropy and [3H]ouabain dissociation from the second class of digitalis receptors, it is postulated that the positive inotropic action of digitalis glycosides is associated with the second species of digitalis receptors in the sarcolemma and not with the digitalis inhibitory receptor of Na-K ATPase for nontoxic concentrations of digitalis. AUKurobane I; Nandi DL; Okita GT EM8601 IDHL-18598 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p476-86 MJMyocardial Contraction; Ouabain; Receptors, Drug MNAdenosine Triphosphatase, Sodium, Potassium /ME; Dogs; Half-Life; Kidney /ME; Kinetics; Membranes /ME; Microsomes /ME; Myocardium /EN; Sarcolemma /EN MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002022 TIThe effect of insulin deficiency, dietary protein intake, and plasma amino acid concentrations on brain amino acid levels in rats. ABThe effect of diabetes (streptozotocin, 65 mg/kg ip), dietary protein intake (15-60%), and plasma amino acid concentrations on brain large neutral amino acid levels in rats was examined. After 20 days, the plasma concentrations of methionine and the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), valine, isoleucine, and leucine were increased in diabetic rats. In brain tissue, methionine and valine levels were increased but threonine, tyrosine, and tryptophan concentrations were depressed. Increased protein consumption promoted a diabetic-like plasma amino acid pattern in normal rats while enhancing that of diabetic animals. However, with the exception of threonine, glycine, valine, and tyrosine, there was little effect on brain amino acid levels. A good association was found between the calculated brain influx rate and the actual brain concentration of threonine, methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in diabetic animals. There was no correlation, however, between brain influx rate and brain BCAA levels. Thus, the brain amino acid pattern in diabetes represents the combined effects of insulin insufficiency and composition of the diet ingested on plasma amino acid levels as well as metabolic adaptation within the brain itself. AUGlanville NT; Anderson GH EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p487-94 MJAmino Acids /ME; Brain Chemistry; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dietary Proteins MNAmino Acids /BL; Blood Glucose /ME; Kinetics; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN16662-47-8 (Gallopamil); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 52-53-9 (Verapamil); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol); 86-54-4 (Hydralazine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002023 TIChronic treatment of rats with D-600 causes a compensatory decrease in the calcium requirement for contractility of vascular smooth and cardiac muscles. ABWe studied the effects of chronic hypotensive treatment of normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) with methoxyverapamil (D-600) and hydralazine on in vitro contractile response of aortic strips, portal vein strips, and Langendorff-perfused hearts in normal (2.5 mM) and low (0.2 mM) calcium (Ca). Portal vein strips from rats treated with D-600, compared with the same strips from control and hydralazine-treated rats, developed greater spontaneous contractile activity in normal Ca and retained greater responses to norepinephrine (NE) and 80 mM K in low Ca. Aortic strips from all three groups of rats retained similar responses to NE and K in low Ca. Hearts from D-600-treated rats produced less intraventricular pressure (IVP) to isoproterenol (ISO) than hearts from control and hydralazine-treated rats in normal Ca but greater IVP to ISO than hearts from the other two groups of rats in low Ca. Thus, chronic treatment of NWR with D-600 but not with hydralazine resulted in the reduction of Ca requirement for contractile activities of the portal vein and the myocardium. AUPang CC; Sutter MC EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p495-9 MJCalcium; Gallopamil; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Contraction; Verapamil MNBlood Pressure /DE; Heart Rate /DE; Hydralazine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE; Norepinephrine /PD; Portal Vein /DE; Potassium /PD; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN145-14-2 (Dihydroprogesterone); 152-58-9 (Cortodoxone); 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone); 520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone); 57-83-0 (Progesterone) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002024 TIInduction of premature delivery in sheep following infusion of cortisol to the fetus. I. The effect of maternal administration of progestagens. ABPremature induction of delivery in fetuses infused with graded doses of cortisol was brought about in 123.5 +/- 7.7 h (mean +/- SEM, n = 6) after the start of cortisol infusion. This treatment caused a rise in fetal plasma cortisol similar to that observed at normal delivery. Maternal and fetal progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations decreased to basal levels during infusion of cortisol to the fetus. Induction of premature delivery was delayed or prevented by concomitant treatment of the ewe with progestagen. Maternal intramuscular injection of 100 mg progesterone, 2 times daily, prevented delivery in four of four ewes treated during the time that cortisol was infused into the fetus (11-13 days). Maternal plasma progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations were maintained during this period, but fetal plasma progesterone concentrations decreased to the same extent as in the fetuses infused with cortisol alone. A single intramuscular injection of 250 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate to ewes on the day before commencement of infusion of cortisol to the fetus prevented delivery in four of six ewes during the time that cortisol was infused for 9, 13, 14, and 15 days, respectively. One ewe delivered a live lamb at 133.5 h and another at 147.7 h after the start of infusion of cortisol to the fetus. Maternal and fetal plasma cortisol, progesterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone concentrations were similar to those observed during infusion of cortisol alone to the fetus. Although fetal cortisol concentrations rose in a similar fashion, and to a similar extent, in all three groups during infusion of cortisol to the fetus, fetal 11-desoxycortisol concentrations only rose above basal levels close to the time of delivery in cortisol-infused fetuses or, in the progestagen-treated groups, when the fetus showed signs of being stressed. AUJenkin G; Jorgensen G; Thorburn GD; Buster JE; Nathanielsz PW EM8601 IDHD 17129 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p500-8 MJFetus; Hydrocortisone; Labor, Premature; Progestational Hormones /PD MNAnimals, Newborn /PH; Birth Weight /DE; Cortodoxone /PD; Dihydroprogesterone /PD; Fetal Blood; Medroxyprogesterone /PD; Pregnancy; Progestational Hormones /BL; Progesterone /PD; Sheep; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002025 TIThe role aortic chemoreceptors during severe CO hypoxia. ABThe importance of aortic chemoreceptors in the circulatory responses to severe carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxia was studied in anesthetized dogs. The aortic chemoreceptors were surgically denervated in eight dogs prior to the induction of CO hypoxia, with nine other dogs serving as intact controls. Values for both whole body and hindlimb blood flow, vascular resistance, and O2 uptake were determined prior to and at 30 min of CO hypoxia in the two groups. Arterial O2 content was reduced 65% using an in situ dialysis method to produce CO hypoxia. At 30 min of hypoxia, cardiac output increased but limb blood flow remained at prehypoxic levels in both groups. This indicated that aortic chemoreceptor input was not necessary for the increase in cardiac output during severe CO hypoxia, nor for the diversion of this increased flow to nonmuscle tissues. Limb O2 uptake decreased during CO hypoxia in the aortic-denervated group but remained at prehypoxic levels in the intact group. The lower resting values for limb blood flow in the aortic-denervated animals required a greater level of O2 extraction to maintain resting O2 uptake. When CO hypoxia was superimposed upon this compensation, an O2 supply limitation occurred because the limb failed to vasodilate even as maximal levels for O2 extraction were approached. AUKing CE; Cain SM; Chapler CK EM8601 IDHL-14693 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p509-14 MJAnoxia; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Chemoreceptors; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNAnoxia /PP; Aorta, Thoracic /ME; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure /DE; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning /PP; Cardiac Output /DE; Cyanides /PD; Dogs; Hindlimb /BS; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Muscle Denervation; Oxygen /BL; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN0 (phenytoin receptor); 57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002026 TIIn situ molecular weight determination of rat brain [3H]phenytoin binding sites. ABUsing irradiation inactivation analysis of specific [3H]phenytoin binding to rat brain we have demonstrated that there are two different binding sites involved, with molecular weights of 73238 +/- 1535 (higher affinity site) and 108121 +/- 6935 (lower affinity site). AUSpero L EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p515-6 MJBrain; Phenytoin; Receptors, Drug MNFreeze Drying; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Rats; Receptors, Drug /RE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-41-0 (Phenytoin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002027 TISpecific binding of [3H]phenytoin in the human brain. ABCompetition between cold phenytoin and [3H]phenytoin binding was observed in normal human brain. Binding was observed in all areas examined. The highest number of sites was in the amygdala (a total of 717.71 fmol/mg protein) and the lowest in the Brodman area (BA) 4 of the motor cortex (153.91 fmol/mg protein) and cerebellar cortex (154.4 fmol/mg protein). In three areas, amygdala, cortex area BA 38 (inferior parietal lobe), and cortex area BA 8 (premotor cortex), two sets of binding sites were observed. In these areas the Kd for the higher affinity sites ranged from 35 to 116 nM, and for the lower affinity site, from 328 to 866 nM. In the four areas where only one binding site was observed the KdS ranged from 164 to 311 nM and the Scatchard plot was linear. AUSpero L EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p517-8 MJBrain; Phenytoin MNAmygdaloid Body /ME; Cerebral Cortex /ME; Kinetics MTHuman; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN147-85-3 (Proline); 16450-41-2 (glutamic acid diethyl ester); 542-32-5 (2-Aminoadipic Acid); 7004-03-7 (Valine); 76726-92-6 (2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002028 TIBlockade of hyperbaric oxygen induced seizures by excitatory amino acid antagonists. ABThe effectiveness of several excitatory amino acid antagonists to delay or block seizures induced by oxygen at high pressure was examined in mice. Of the antagonists tested, namely, L-proline, DL-alpha-aminoadipate, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, and L-glutamic acid diethyl ester, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate was the most effective in delaying or preventing seizures. L-Glutamic acid diethylester was also effective but at significantly higher doses, which were also associated with marked sedation. AUColton CA; Colton JS EM8601 IDNS-16526 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p519-21 MJAmino Acids; Anticonvulsants; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Seizures /PC MN2-Aminoadipic Acid /PD; Glutamates /PD; Mice; Proline /PD; Seizures /ET; Valine /AA /PD MTAnimal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002029 TINutrition and metabolic development. ABPerinatal changes in metabolic processes owing to a change from a high carbohydrate to a high fat (milk) diet at birth are described. It is pointed out that early changes in food composition may have permanent effects and it is suggested that, in the rat, this may be due to structural alterations in the brain at a time when it is still differentiating. Such changes are irreversible. AUHahn P EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p525-6 MJFetal Development; Growth; Metabolism; Nutrition MNMice; Pregnancy; Rats MTAnimal; Female RN39379-15-2 (Neurotensin); 52906-92-0 (Motilin); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002030 TIGastrointestinal peptides and the adaptation to extrauterine nutrition. ABThe adaptation to extrauterine nutrition involves complex physiological changes at birth which may be regulated by genetic endowment; enteral nutrients, secretions, and bacteria; and endogenous hormones and exogenous hormones in breast milk. The hypothesis is explored that enteral feeding after birth may trigger key adaptations in the gut and in metabolism partly through the mediation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion. Gut peptides are found in the early human fetal gut and by the second trimester some are found in high concentrations in the fetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Major plasma hormonal surges occur during the neonatal period in term and preterm infants: notably in enteroglucagon, gastrin, motilin, neurotensin, gastrointestinal peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide. These events do not occur in neonates deprived of enteral feeding. A progressive development of dynamic gut hormonal responses to feeding is observed. The pattern of gut endocrine changes after birth is influenced by the type and route of feeding. Potential pathophysiological effects of depriving high risk neonates of enteral feeding are considered. It is speculated that infants committed to prolonged total parenteral nutrition from birth may benefit from the biological effects of intraluminal nutrients used in subnutritional quantities. AULucas A; Bloom SR; Green AA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p527-37 MJGastrointestinal Hormones; Infant Nutrition; Infant, Newborn MNAdaptation, Physiological; Blood Glucose /ME; Infant; Insulin /BL; Motilin /BL; Neurotensin /BL; Pregnancy MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human RNEC 1.1.1.37 (Malate Dehydrogenase); EC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase); 9007-92-5 (Glucagon) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002031 TIWeaning and metabolic regulation in the rat. ABPremature weaning of rats to high carbohydrate diets causes a variety of short- and long-term changes in lipid metabolism, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. It is likely that interaction of diet with certain emerging hormonal control patterns during weaning might condition metabolic control and (or) subsequent adaptations in the adult organism. This implies that the adaptive responses of infant animals to diet may differ from those of the mature organism. For example, premature weaning leads to early appearance of rat liver malic enzyme (ME), even when fat supplies as much as 65% of the dietary energy; the same diet suppresses ME activity in 45-day-old rats. The levels of plasma glucagon and thyroid hormones are elevated during the weaning period. Several studies have shown that triiodothyronine evokes hepatic ME in suckling rats. Conversely, glucagon infusion into prematurely weaned rats suppresses the early appearance of the enzyme. Premature weaning, regardless of fat intake, leads to a rapid decline in plasma glucagon levels. Since glucagon is known to antagonize the actions of triiodothyronine on liver ME, the interaction of diet with glucagon and thyroid hormones is conceivably part of the mechanism responsible for the early appearance of hepatic malic enzyme, whereby the decline of plasma glucagon permits triiodothyronine to act on liver ME. Insulin probably exerts a permissive action subsequently. The manner in which these events relate to the long-term consequences of premature weaning is unknown. AUAngel JF; Back DW EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p538-45 MJMetabolism; Weaning MNAdaptation, Physiological; Animals, Newborn /PH; Diet; Glucagon /PD; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase /ME; Liver /EN; Malate Dehydrogenase /ME; Nutrition; Rats MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002032 TIRole of diet fat in subcellular structure and function. ABCurrent concepts of the biomembrane will be extrapolated to membranes of homeotherms to illustrate the influence of the nature of dietary lipid in nutritionally complete diets on membrane polar head group content and fatty acid composition. Utilizing animal models, the controlling influence of dietary long chain fatty acids on major lipid constituents of the mitochondrial membrane in cardiac tissue, the plasma membrane of liver, and the synaptosomal membrane in brain can be demonstrated. Diet-induced alterations in membrane composition are associated with demonstrable changes in the function of specific membrane proteins. To illustrate this relationship, the effect of diet on mitochondrial ATPase activity and on a hormone receptor-stimulated function in the plasma membrane of the liver will be discussed. These observations suggest that the diet fat modulates enzyme functions in vivo by changing the surrounding lipid environment in the membrane. AUClandinin MT; Field CJ; Hargreaves K; Morson L; Zsigmond E EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p546-56 MJDietary Fats; Subcellular Fractions MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Adipose Tissue /ME; Brain Chemistry; Cell Membrane /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /ME; Liver /ME; Membranes /PH; Mitochondria /EN /ME; Models, Biological; Phosphatidylcholines /ME MCReview MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002033 TIThe role of diet during development on the regulation of adult cholesterol homeostasis. ABAtherosclerosis is believed to begin early in life and to develop over several decades. Elevated plasma cholesterol is a major contributing factor. Studies in animals have shown that manipulation of cholesterol metabolism during its development in pre- and early post-natal life can permanently alter cholesterol synthesis and catabolism to favour lower plasma cholesterol levels in the adult faced with a high dietary cholesterol intake. Although the mechanisms and pathways involved are likely to be different, ╥metabolic training╙ can occur as a result of both the diet fed to the mother during gestation and lactation and from the diet fed to the animal itself in early life. The presence of cholesterol itself in the suckling diet does not appear to confer any lasting improvement to cholesterol handling in either man or animals. Although much research is still required to define the time in development for effective training of specific steps in cholesterol metabolism and the primary site and mechanism of permanently altered metabolism, significant progress has been made. These studies will form the basis of this review. AUInnis SM EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p557-64 MJCholesterol /ME; Diet; Homeostasis MNAdult; Animals, Newborn /ME; Animals, Suckling /PH; Bile Acids and Salts /BI; Cholesterol /BI /BL; Fetus /ME; Infant Nutrition; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Milk; Pregnancy MCReview MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002034 TIEnergy intake and the nature of growth in low birth weight infants. ABGrowth is accompanied by and depends on energy storage in growing tissue. The rate of energy storage in growing low birth weight infants depends on the rate of energy intake and on the rates of energy excretion and expenditure, both of which (on a body weight basis) are much higher than in adults, and both of which increase with increments of gross energy intake. Energy-balance studies of growing low birth weight infants on gross energy intakes approximating 500 kJ X kg-1 X d-1 of mothers' milk or of infant formula indicate that the composition of extrauterine weight gain of the low birth weight infant differs from that of the fetus of similar gestation, in that the energy storage cost of growth is much higher. Attempts to increase metabolizable energy intake beyond 500 kJ X kg-1 X d-1 by energy supplementation alone do not result in proportionately increased rates of weight gain; low birth weight formulae, in which energy, protein, and mineral contents are all increased can result in large weight gains with proportionate increases in rates of protein and fat accretion. AUWhyte RK; Bayley HS; Sinclair JC EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p565-70 MJEnergy Metabolism; Growth; Infant, Low Birth Weight MNBody Temperature; Body Weight; Gestational Age; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human MCReview MTHuman RN541-15-1 (Carnitine); 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002035 TIRole of carnitine during development. ABFatty acids are an important fuel source for neonates. The utilization of long chain fatty acids as a fuel source is dependent upon adequate concentrations of carnitine. Carnitine also has functions in other physiological processes critical to the survival of the neonate such as lipolysis, thermogenesis, ketogenesis, and possibly regulation of certain aspects of nitrogen metabolism. Plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations in neonates are depressed compared with those of older individuals. The capability for carnitine biosynthesis is much less in the neonate than in the adult. Human milk contains carnitine and appears to be the major source of carnitine to meet the neonate's metabolic needs. However, total parenteral nutrition solutions and soy-based infant formulas contain no carnitine. Evidence is accumulating that all infant diets may need to supply carnitine to meet the neonate's metabolic needs. AUBorum PR EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), May 1985, 63(5) p571-6 MJCarnitine /PH MNAcids /UR; Adipose Tissue /ME; Body Temperature; Carnitine /ME; Fatty Acids /ME; Growth; Infant Food; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Ketones /ME; Lipids /ME; Nitrogen /ME; Oxidation-Reduction; Pregnancy MCReview MTFemale; Human IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002036 TIThe 13th J. A. F. Stevenson memorial lecture. Sexual differentiation of the brain: possible mechanisms and implications. ABThe mammalian brain appears to be inherently feminine and the action of testicular hormones during development is necessary for the differentiation of the masculine brain both in terms of functional potential and actual structure. Experimental evidence for this statement is reviewed in this discussion. Recent discoveries of marked structural sex differences in the central nervous system, such as the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the rat, offer model systems to investigate potential mechanisms by which gonadal hormones permanently modify neuronal differentiation. Although effects of these steroids on neurogenesis and neuronal migration and specification have not been conclusively eliminated, it is currently believed, but not proven, that the principle mechanism of steroid action is to maintain neuronal survival during a period of neuronal death. The structural models of the sexual differentiation of the central nervous system also provide the opportunity to identify sex differences in neurochemical distribution. Two examples in the rat brain are presented: the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive fibers in the medial preoptic nucleus and of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers and cells in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. It is likely that sexual dimorphisms will be found to be characteristic of many neural and neurochemical systems. The final section of this review raises the possibility that the brain of the adult may, in response to steroid action, be morphologically plastic, and considers briefly the likelihood that the brain of the human species is also influenced during development by the hormonal environment. AUGorski RA EM8601 IDHD-01182 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p577-94 MJBrain /PH; Sex Differentiation MNBrain /GD; Gonadotropins /PH; Models, Neurological; Preoptic Area /PH; Sex Factors; Sex Hormones /PH MTAnimal; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002037 TIEvidence for a contribution by brown adipose tissue to the development of fever in the young rabbit. ABThis study was undertaken to determine if brown adipose tissue was involved in heat production during fever produced by S. abortus equi (1 micrograms) in unanesthetized rabbits aged 19-26 days. The fever (0.9-1.6 degrees C) occurred after a delay of 20-30 min and was frequently biphasic. Radiolabelled microspheres for measuring tissue blood flow were injected intraventricularly into three groups of animals: rabbits not given pyrogen, rabbits in which the febrile response to pyrogen was developing, and rabbits in which the febrile response had peaked. Blood flow to brown fat deposits and other organs was calculated from the fractional distribution of the microspheres and the recovery of microspheres in a reference arterial blood sample. At the fever peak, blood flow to brown fat was not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from the control value (0.9 +/- 0.2), but during the rising phase of the fever the flow increased significantly (p less than 0.01) to 2.6 +/- 0.4 mL min-1 g-1. The blood flow to muscles of the forelimbs and hind limbs was also increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during the rising phase of the fever. No significant change in blood flow to other organs or tissues was found during the rising phase of the fever. These results indicate that both nonshivering as well as shivering thermogenesis contribute to heat production during development of fever in the young rabbit. However, nonshivering thermogenesis was not involved in the maintenance of the elevated body temperature after the fever had peaked. AUHarris WH; Foster DO; Nadeau BE EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p595-8 MJBody Temperature Regulation; Brown Fat; Fever MNBody Temperature; Rabbits; Regional Blood Flow MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002038 TIPeripheral and central mechanisms of the pressor response elicited by stimulation of the locus coeruleus in the rat. ABElectrical stimulation of the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) caused an increase of the arterial blood pressure in anesthetized rats, and elevated plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) levels. The stimulation-induced pressor response was characteristically biphasic and consisted of a sharp rise in arterial pressure at the onset of the stimulation, followed by a second elevation at the end of the stimulus. Bilateral adrenalectomy or adrenal demedullation completely blocked the secondary phase of the pressor response elicited by stimulation, but did not affect the primary phase. The latter was specifically eliminated by the destruction of the peripheral sympathetic vasomotor axons with intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The active sites eliciting the secondary adrenomedullary pressor component appeared to be restricted to the nucleus LC, whereas the primary sympathetic vasomotor response could be elicited from sites in and around the nucleus. After brain transection at the midbrain level, stimulation of LC failed to evoke the adrenomedullary pressor response, while the sympathetic vasomotor component was not affected. Similarly, destruction of brain NA neurons by intraventricular administration of 6-OHDA did not change the sympathetic vasomotor response, but virtually abolished the adrenal response. The results demonstrate that the pressor response to stimulation of LC in the rat is due to both increased sympathetic vasomotor activity and CA released from the adrenal medulla. The study also provides evidence suggesting that the noradrenergic LC cell group play an important role in the activation of the adrenal medulla, but is not essential for the activation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor fiber system. AUDrolet G; Gauthier P EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p599-605 MJBlood Pressure; Locus Coeruleus MNAdrenal Medulla /PH; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes, Implanted; Epinephrine /BL; Mesencephalon /PH; Norepinephrine /BL; Phentolamine /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Sympathectomy, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002040 TIRat skeletal muscle triacylglycerol utilization during exhaustive swimming. ABThe utilization of triacylglycerol in slow oxidative, fast oxidative-glycolytic, and fast glycolytic skeletal muscle fiber types was examined in rats subjected to a prolonged exhaustive swim. Significant reductions of intramuscular triacylglycerol occurred following 2 h and 40 min of swimming in all muscles containing a predominance of slow oxidative and fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers, which possess a high capacity for free fatty acid oxidation. Triacylglycerol content in the soleus decreased by 48%, and reductions of 41, 29, and 27% were measured in the red vastus lateralis, red gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles, respectively. In the white vastus lateralis and white gastrocnemius muscles (fast glycolytic fibers) triacylglycerol concentrations were unaffected. In all muscles the variability of intramuscular triacylglycerol measurements between animals was 20-50% and the within animal variance (right vs. left hindlimb) was similar. Analytical repeatability was approximately 10% in all muscles and significantly less than the between- and within-animal variances. It was concluded that a real biological variation exists in the triacylglycerol content of all rat skeletal muscles and that intramuscular triacylglycerol is an important energy source during prolonged exercise of moderate intensity. AUSpriet LL; Peters SJ; Heigenhauser GJ; Jones NL EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p614-8 MJExertion; Muscles; Triglycerides MNOxidation-Reduction; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Swimming MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 3.1.- (Ribonucleases); EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002041 TIThe renal handling of human urinary ribonuclease by rat kidneys. ABThe purpose of the study was to find out how poly(C)-avid human urinary ribonuclease is handled by the kidney. Purified human urinary ribonuclease (molecular weight 33 000) was radiolabelled with 125I. The enzyme was injected intravenously into dogs and monkeys with and without kidneys. The disappearance rate from the animals without kidneys was markedly prolonged. In the dog and monkey with kidneys, the radiolabelled enzyme which was infused was recovered in the urine unchanged. No large molecular weight fragments were found. When 125I-labelled ribonuclease was infused into rats the material recovered in the urine was primarily identical with the material infused. A very small fraction of the material recovered was found to contain some fragments which had chromatographic characteristics of monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine. Two other fragments were detected but could not be identified. Autoradiographic studies of the rat kidneys also showed some reabsorption of the radiolabelled ribonuclease, particularly in the proximal tubules. With electron microscopy the radiolabelled material could be seen in the lysosomes. These observations corroborate findings discovered for other low molecular enzyme such as lysozyme (molecular weight 14 000) and suggest that the human ribonuclease is mainly excreted by the kidneys unchanged and that a minor amount may be reabsorbed by the proximal tubules and metabolized in the lysosomes. AUFarboody G; Tattrie B; Rippstein PU; Rabin EZ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p619-26 MJKidney /ME; Ribonucleases MNAutoradiography; Chromatography, Paper; Dogs; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Kidney Tubules, Proximal /ME; Kidney /EN; Macaca mulatta; Muramidase /ME; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Species Specificity; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.7.3.- (Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes); EC 2.7.3.2 (Creatine Kinase); EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosine Triphosphatase); 51-52-5 (Propylthiouracil) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002042 TICardiac myofibrillar creatine kinase is not influenced by hypothyroidism. ABThe cardiac myofibrillar component of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle mechanism enzymatically couples the functionally significant processes of energy utilization (ATPase) with substrate regeneration by creatine kinase (CK). Both components have isoenzyme forms that are transcriptionally regulated. Propylthiouracil-induced (PTU) hypothyroidism reduced rat cardiac contractile protein ATPase activity by shifting isomyosin predominance from the V1 to the V3 form. However, neither CK specific activity or CK isoenzyme composition was altered by PTU treatment. Thus, myofibrillar components of the phosphorylcreatine shuttle, ATPase and CK, are not coordinately regulated under hypothyroid conditions. AUDowell RT; Martin AF EM8601 IDHL 28456; HL 33677 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p627-9 MJCreatine Kinase; Hypothyroidism; Myocardium; Myofibrils MNAdenosine Triphosphatase /ME; Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes /ME; Myosin /ME; Propylthiouracil /PD; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN34368-04-2 (Dobutamine); 50-60-2 (Phentolamine); 525-66-6 (Propranolol); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002043 TIRole of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the intrinsic inotropic selectivity of dobutamine in anesthetized dogs. ABThe inotropic selectivity of dobutamine was examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized dogs pretreated with a ganglion blocker. The purpose was to determine if, in the presence of hexamethonium and vagotomy, the inotropic selectivity of dobutamine could be attributed to an action of dobutamine on alpha-adrenoreceptors. Dose-response curves were determined for either isoproterenol or dobutamine 30 min after treatment with hexamethonium (20mg/kg). Analysis of heart rate versus right ventricular contractile force showed that dobutamine produced less tachycardia for a given increase in contractile force than isoproterenol; this was statistically significant when contractile force was increased by either 50 or 100%. In a separate series of experiments, dobutamine (8 micrograms . kg(1-) . min(-1)) was administered 20 min after propranolol (3 mg/kg). Under these conditions there was a slight increase in contractile force which represented 12% of the dobutamine response prior to propranolol administration. This increase in contractile force in the presence of propranolol was completely prevented by the addition of phentolamine (1 mg/kg). Consequently, in another series of experiments, dose-response curves for dobutamine were performed in the presence of hexamethonium before and 30 min after phentolamine alone (1 mg/kg) or vehicle. Phentolamine did not influence the effect of dobutamine on heart rate or contractile force, but prevented the increase in diastolic blood pressure caused by dobutamine. In addition, analysis of heart rate versus contractile force indicated that there were no statistically significant effects of phentolamine on the inotropic selectivity of dobutamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUShaffer JE; Gorczynski RJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p630-5 MJDobutamine; Myocardial Contraction; Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha MNAnesthesia; Dogs; Hemodynamics /DE; Hexamethonium Compounds /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Myocardium /ME; Phentolamine /PD; Propranolol /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 51-61-6 (Dopamine); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002044 TIVagal afferent activity and renal nerve release of dopamine. ABTo investigate the involvement of vagal afferents in renal nerve release of catecholamines, we compared norepinephrine, dopamine, and epinephrine excretion from innervated and chronically denervated kidneys in the same rat. The difference between innervated and denervated kidney excretion rates was taken as a measure of neurotransmitter release from renal nerves. During saline expansion, norepinephrine excretion from the innervated kidney was not statistically greater than from denervated kidneys. Vagotomy increased norepinephrine release from renal nerves. Thus vagal afferents participated in the suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity during saline expansion. No significant vagal control of dopamine release by renal nerves was detected under these conditions. Bilateral carotid ligation stimulated renal nerve release of both norepinephrine and dopamine in saline-expanded rats. The effects of carotid ligation and vagotomy were not additive with respect to norepinephrine release by renal nerves. However, the baroreflex-stimulated renal nerve release of dopamine was abolished by vagotomy. Electrical stimulation of the left cervical vagus with a square wave electrical pulse (0.5 ms duration, 10 V, 2 Hz) increased dopamine excretion exclusively from the innervated kidney of hydropenic rats. No significant change in norepinephrine excretion was observed during vagal stimulation. Increased dopamine excretion during vagal stimulation was associated with a larger natriuretic response from the innervated kidney than from its denervated mate (p less than 0.05). We conclude that under appropriate conditions vagal afferents stimulate renal release of dopamine and produce a neurogenically mediated natriuresis. AUMorgunov N; Baines AD EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p636-41 MJDopamine; Kidney; Neurons, Afferent; Vagus Nerve MNCarotid Arteries /PH; Epinephrine /ME; Norepinephrine /ME; Pressoreceptors /PH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Reflex /PH; Sodium /UR; Vagotomy MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9002-72-6 (Somatotropin); 9061-29-4 (Carboxyhemoglobin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002045 TIEffects of thyroid and growth hormone deficiency, and food restriction on heart mass, with and without added stress (carboxyhemoglobinemia). ABThe roles of thyroid and growth hormone, and food restriction in maintenance of heart mass and in carbon monoxide-stimulated cardiac growth were examined. First, thyroidectomized and normal adult male rats inhaled up to 500 ppm CO in air for 42 days. Combined ventricular weights of thyroidectomized rats inhaling CO and air were 12 and 23% smaller than predicted, respectively, while the combined ventricular weight of normal rats inhaling CO was 29% larger than predicted. Thyroidectomy increased the mass of the left ventricle relative to the right ventricle; this was reversed by CO treatment. While the hematocrit increased in thyroidectomized-CO rats, it was lower than in normal-CO rats: likewise the hematocrit of thyroidectomized-AIR rats was lower than that of normal rats in air. Body weights of the thyroidectomized rats were 57% that of normals. As additional controls, two groups of normal rats (one AIR, one CO) were maintained at the same body weight as the thyroidectomized rats, by adjusting food intake. Combined ventricular weight was less than predicted in AIR rats and failed to increase in CO animals, while hematocrits were the same as normals in air and in CO. Serum thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone levels assayed in thyroidectomized rats were less than 15 and 25% of normal rats, respectively. Growth hormone levels were not altered by CO inhalation in thyroidectomized and in normal rats. Levels of both hormones were normal in food-restricted rats. While thyroidectomy produced cardiac atrophy, cardiac growth was stimulated by CO inhalation, although heart mass then only approached that of normals in air. Food restriction also produced cardiac atrophy, but CO inhalation failed to stimulate heart growth. AUPenney DG; Barthel BG EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p642-8 MJCarboxyhemoglobin; Hemoglobins; Hypothyroidism; Myocardium; Somatotropin MNBody Weight; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning /PP; Food Deprivation; Hematocrit; Organ Weight; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Thyroidectomy MTAnimal; Male IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002046 TIPreliminary observations on the effects of stimulation of cardiac nerves in man. ABThe dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves were stimulated in 20 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. In no instance was an untoward effect produced in any of the patients. Stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased heart rate in eight patients and slowed heart rate in eight patients. In 12 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve increased mean aortic pressure while in 8 patients it was decreased, even though the patients were supported by a total body perfusion pump. In 11 patients stimulation of a cardiac nerve resulted in a decrease in the coronary artery bypass graft flow, even though aortic pressure was unchanged or increased. These preliminary results suggest that individual cardiac nerves in the dorsal mediastinum of man may be capable of modifying heart rate, total peripheral vascular resistance, or coronary artery resistance. Furthermore, they demonstrate that stimulation of human dorsal mediastinal cardiac nerves can be done without untoward effects and that such stimulations may be a means to investigate the complexity of neural regulation of the human heart. AUMurphy DA; Johnstone DE; Armour JA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p649-55 MJHeart MNAdult; Aged; Aortocoronary Bypass; Blood Pressure; Electric Stimulation; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Middle Age MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-83-2 (Carbachol); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-23-5 (Sodium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002048 TITransient inhibition of the muscarinic actions of carbachol during reactivation of the electrogenic sodium pump in guinea pig taenia caeci smooth muscle. ABIn guinea pig taenia caeci smooth muscle the muscarinic receptor stimulant carbachol evoked depolarization and contraction, which was followed by hyperpolarization and relaxation on its removal. Both the hyperpolarization and relaxation were inhibited by removal of K+ from the external medium. During Na+-pump blockade (K+-free solution) the depolarizing and contracting actions of carbachol decreased. When the Na+ pump was switched on again by readmission of 5.9 mmol/L K+ to K+-depleted and Na+-enriched preparations, electrogenic hyperpolarization and relaxation developed. During this period carbachol failed to produce depolarization and contraction. AUTorok TL ; Vizi SE; Magyar K EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p663-8 MJCarbachol; Muscle, Smooth; Receptors, Muscarinic; Sodium MNBiological Transport, Active /DE; Cecum /ME /PH; Guinea Pigs; Isometric Contraction /DE; Muscle Contraction /DE; Muscle, Smooth /PH; Potassium /PH; Receptors, Muscarinic /PH MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002049 TIForce-velocity relationships in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle. ABIncreased total peripheral resistance is the cardinal haemodynamic disorder in essential hypertension. This could be secondary to alterations in the mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle. Adequate study has not been made of the force-velocity (F-V) relationship in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle. Increased shortening in arterial smooth muscle would result in greater narrowing of arteries. The objectives of this investigation were to see if there is (i) increased shortening or increased maximum change in muscle length (delta Lmax where L stands for muscle length), (ii) an increased maximum velocity of shortening (Vmax) measured in l omicron per second where l omicron is the optimal muscle length for tension development, and (iii) a difference in maximum isometric tension (P omicron) developed in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; N = 6) compared with normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY;N = 5) caudal artery strips. An electromagnetic muscle lever was employed in recording force-velocity data. Analysis of these data revealed the following: (a) the SHR mean P omicron of 6.21 +/- 1.01 N/cm2 was not different from the mean WKY P omicron of 6.97 +/- 1.64 N/cm2 (p greater than 0.05); (b) the SHR preparations showed greater shortening for all loads imposed; (c) the SHR Vmax of 0.016 l omicron/s was greater than the WKY Vmax of 0.013 l omicron/s (p less than 0.05). This study provides evidence that while hypertensive arterial smooth muscle is not able to produce more force than normotensive arterial smooth muscle, it is capable of faster and greater shortening. The latter could result in increased narrowing of hypertensive arteries and increased blood pressure. AUPacker CS; Stephens NL EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p669-74 MJHypertension; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular MNBlood Pressure; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /PH; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002050 TITension-velocity relationships in hypertensive mesenteric resistance arteries. ABIncreased total peripheral resistance is the cardinal haemodynamic disorder in essential hypertension. This could be secondary to alterations in the mechanical properties of vascular smooth muscle. Adequate study has not been made of the tension-velocity (T-V) relationship in hypertensive resistance arterial smooth muscle. Increased narrowing in such arteries would result in increased resistance. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether there is (i) increased narrowing capacity (-delta C/C omicron, where C stands for arterial internal circumference and C omicron is the optimal arterial internal circumference for maximum tension development); (ii) an increased maximum velocity of isobaric narrowing (Vmax) measured in C omicron per second; (iii) an increased wall thickness (h); and (iv) an increased active stress development (Tmax) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR; n = 5) compared with the normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY; n = 5) and MK-421 (an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor) treated spontaneously hypertensive rat (MK-421 trt. SHR; n = 5) mesenteric resistance (diameter, less than 300 micron) arteries. Analysis of the data for arteries constricting isobarically against a range of pressures revealed that (a) the SHR -deltaC/C omicron values at pressures ranging from 20 to 120 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) showed significantly increased narrowing compared with the MK-421 trt. SHR and WKY -deltaC/C omicron values in this same pressure range (p less than 0.01), and (b) the SHR derived Vmax of 0.83 +/- 0.08 C omicron/s was significantly faster than either the MK-421 trt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AUPacker CS; Stephens NL EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p675-80 MJHypertension; Mesenteric Arteries MNAtmospheric Pressure; Blood Pressure; Kinetics; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular /PP; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Rats; Vascular Resistance MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002051 TIChanges in isometric contractile properties of extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of C57BL/6J mice following denervation. ABIn this study, conducted on mice of the C57BL/6J+/+ strain, we investigated the differential effects of denervation on the isometric contractile properties of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles. The contractile properties were studied at 1, 28, 84, and 210 days following unilateral section of the sciatic nerve at 12 weeks of age. When isometric tetanus tension was expressed relative to wet weight, the denervated SOL showed an earlier and more pronounced loss in tension generating capacity than the EDL. Both the denervated SOL and EDL showed potentiation of the twitch tension at 28 days postdenervation. The time to peak twitch tension (TTP) and the time to half-relaxation (1/2RT) were prolonged by 28 days postdenervation in both muscles. This trend continued to the oldest age-groups studied in the EDL, but reached an apparent plateau in the SOL at 84 days postdenervation. In response to fatigue, the denervated SOL showed a marked decrease in resistance to fatigue at 1 day but a relatively normal response thereafter, whereas the denervated EDL showed an increase in resistance to fatigue at and beyond the 28-day period. In spite of the fact that the total contraction time of both muscles increased following denervation, the predominantly oxidative SOL remained a slower contracting muscle than the more glycolytic EDL. AUWebster DM; Bressler BH EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p681-6 MJIsometric Contraction; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Denervation; Muscles MNMice, Inbred C57BL; Mice; Time Factors MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.6.1.2 (Alanine Aminotransferase); 127-17-3 (pyruvic acid); 50-21-5 (lactic acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid); 6898-94-8 (Alanine); 6899-04-3 (Glutamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002052 TIThe metabolic response of the kidney to acute sodium lactate alkalosis. ABIn vivo studies were performed in the dog to verify if sodium lactate had an important effect on the metabolism of glutamine by the kidney. The animals were infused with 0.6 M sodium lactate to induce acute metabolic alkalosis with plasma bicarbonate of 29.7 mM. During these experiments, it was demonstrated that the renal uptake of glutamine increased by 46%, while the renal production of ammonia was unchanged. The renal production of alanine rose from 6.0 to 16.8 mumol/min. Plasma concentration of lactate increased from 1.3 to 19.2 mM, while that of pyruvate increased from 0.075 to 0.454 mM. In the renal tissue, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, oxaloacetate, lactate, pyruvate, citrate, and alanine increased significantly. Similar changes were found in the liver and skeletal muscle. The observed changes are best described by transamination of pyruvate and glutamate under the influence of alanine aminotransferase (GPT). It can be calculated that this reaction was responsible for 76% of the production of ammonia from glutamine, the latter being necessary to provide glutamate for the synthesis of alanine. Dogs infused with 0.3 M sodium bicarbonate instead of sodium lactate with the same degree of acute metabolic alkalosis, showed a depression of 40% in the renal uptake of glutamine with a 38% decrease in renal ammoniagenesis and a 20% fall in the production of alanine. The present studies demonstrate that the production of ammonia from glutamine is not necessarily related to changes in acid-base balance, but may be associated with biochemical alterations related to the synthesis of alanine by the kidney. AULemieux G; Junco E; Perez R; Lemieux C; Allignet E EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p687-92 MJAlkalosis; Kidney; Lactates MNAlanine Aminotransferase /ME; Alanine /ME; Dogs; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glutamates /ME; Glutamine /ME; Kidney Cortex /ME; Liver /ME; Muscles /ME; Pyruvates /ME MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7601-90-3 (perchloric acid); 7732-18-5 (Water); 7782-39-0 (Deuterium); 7789-20-0 (deuterium oxide) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002053 TIThe influence of D2O, perchlorate, and variation in temperature on the potential-dependent contractile function of frog skeletal muscle. ABD2O and perchlorate manifest opposing effects on the contractile function of skeletal muscle (amplitude of twitches and maximum K contractures, potential dependence of contraction activation and inactivation), and when combined the influence of one may effectively antagonize that of the other. The ratio of perchlorate concentrations required to produce effects of equal intensity (e.g., twitch enhancement and restoration of maximum K contractures in media lacking divalent cations or containing a depressant concentration of a cationic amphipath) in H2O and D2O solutions was generally rather constant. These findings are compatible with the view that both agents can influence contractile function by virtue of their effects on solvent structure. In the absence of divalent cations, the effects of reduced temperature resemble those of D2O whereas the effects of increased temperature resemble those of the chaotropic anion. However, in other media, variation in temperature was found to result in additional nonsolvent effects so that low temperature could oppose rather than enhance the effects of D2O. These observations are discussed in terms of a model postulates a role for solvent influences on the kinetics of two separate potential-dependent conformational transitions of membrane proteins which mediate the activation and inactivation of contraction in skeletal muscle. AUFoulks JG; Morishita L EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p693-703 MJDeuterium; Muscle Contraction; Muscles /PH; Perchloric Acids; Temperature; Water MNMembrane Potentials /DE; Muscle Relaxation /DE; Muscles /DE; Potassium /PD; Rana Pipiens MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-41-2 (Norepinephrine); 51-43-4 (Epinephrine); 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002054 TIActivity of in situ middle cervical ganglion neurons in dogs, using extracellular recording techniques. ABNeuronal activity in the in situ middle cervical ganglion of dogs was investigated using extracellular recording techniques. The recorded action potentials were frequently active during specific phases of the cardiac cycle, particularly during systole, and this activity persisted following acute decentralization of the ganglion. The activity of these action potentials was modified when systemic arterial pressure was altered by isoproterenol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, or partial occlusion of the aorta, whether in the intact or acutely decentralized preparation. These neurons were active between systolic pressures of 70 and 180 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). Action potentials were frequently modified by mechanical distortion of the superior vena cava, ventricular epicardium, or adventitia of the aorta, whether the preparation was acutely decentralized or not. Seventy percent of these action potentials were unaffected by stimulation (1 ms, 4 V, 0.5 Hz) of a cardiopulmonary nerve and 27% were suppressed by such stimulation. Five of the neurons were activated by such stimulation. It is presumed that the latter neurons had axons in a cardiopulmonary nerve and most likely were efferent sympathetic postganglionic neurons. Sixty-three percent of these spontaneously active phase-locked units were modified by stimulation of a ramus or an ansa. It is postulated that some of the neurons in the middle cervical ganglia can be modified by afferent axons arising from receptors in thoracic organs, in particular from the great vessels and heart, whether in an intact or acutely decentralized preparation. The majority of these neurons are presumed not to be afferent neurons or efferent postganglionic neurons, as they are not activated directly by electrical stimulation of axons in cardiopulmonary nerves. Rather they are presumed to be interneurons. These results lend support to the thesis that considerable integration of neuronal activity related to thoracic cardiovascular dynamics occurs within the middle cervical ganglia of dogs. AUArmour JA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p704-16 MJGanglia, Spinal; Neurons MNAction Potentials /DE; Dogs; Epinephrine /PD; Isoproterenol /PD; Microelectrodes; Norepinephrine /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN58-55-9 (Theophylline); 58-61-7 (Adenosine); 961-45-5 (8-phenyltheophylline) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002055 TIThe use of 8-phenyltheophylline as a competitive antagonist of adenosine and an inhibitor of the intrinsic regulatory mechanism of the hepatic artery. ABReduction of portal blood flow results in compensatory vasodilation of the hepatic artery, the hepatic arterial buffer response. The hypothesis tested is that the regulation of the buffer response is mediated by adenosine, where the local concentration of adenosine in the region of the hepatic arterial resistance vessels is regulated by washout of adenosine into portal venules that are in intimate contact with hepatic arterioles. In anesthetized cats, portal flow was reduced to zero by complete occlusion of all arterial supply to the guts. The resultant dilation of the hepatic artery compensated for 23.9 +/- 4.9% of the decrease in portal flow. Dose-response curves were obtained for the effect of intraportal adenosine infusion on hepatic arterial conductance in doses that did not lead to recirculation and secondary effects on the hepatic artery via altered portal blood flow. The dose to produce one-half maximal response for adenosine is 0.19 mg X kg-1 X min-1 (intraportal) and the estimated maximal dilation is equivalent to an increase in hepatic arterial conductance to 245% of the basal (100%) level. The adenosine antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, produced dose-related competitive antagonism of the dilator response to infused adenosine (but not to isoproterenol) and a similar, parallel antagonism of the hepatic arterial buffer response. If supramaximal blocking doses were used, the hepatic artery showed massive and prolonged constriction with blood flow decreasing to zero. The data strongly support the hypothesis that intrinsic hepatic arterial buffer response is mediated entirely by local adenosine concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) AULautt WW; Legare DJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p717-22 MJAdenosine; Hepatic Artery; Theophylline; Vasodilation MNAdenosine /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Cats; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Regional Blood Flow /DE; Theophylline /PD MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 2.3.2.2 (Gamma-Glutamyltransferase); EC 3. (Hydrolases); EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase) IS0008-4212 LAFrench JCCJM SBM UI86002057 TI[Activity of renal hydrolases in pre- and postnatal development of mice] ABThe fetal and postnatal activity patterns of different hydrolytic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, trehalase, maltase, glucoamylase, lactase, and sucrase) have been examined in mouse renal homogenates. Alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities presented approximately similar changes. They increased from 18 days of gestation up to 30 days after birth. These activities showed marked increases during the 3rd and 4th postnatal weeks. A similar important rise was observed for trehalase activity at the end of the suckling period. Maltase activity increased gradually after birth. Traces of lactase, sucrase, and glucoamylase activities were detected at each developmental stage. AUNiederst C; Dauca M TT[Activites des hydrolases renales au cours du developpement pre- et post-natal de la souris.] EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p731-4 MJFetal Development; Hydrolases; Kidney MNAging; Alkaline Phosphatase /ME; Gamma-Glutamyltransferase /ME; Gestational Age; Mice; Pregnancy MCEnglish Abstract MTAnimal; Female RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 50-67-9 (Serotonin); 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002058 TIAction of serotonin and norepinephrine on spinal motoneurones following blockade of synaptic transmission. ABThe actions of serotonin and norepinephrine were investigated on spinal motoneurones in isolated, hemisected rat and frog spinal cords. Serotonin and norepinephrine induced slowly developing depolarizations of spinal motoneurones which were frequently preceded by brief, low amplitude hyperpolarizations. Neither the depolarizations nor the hyperpolarizations were attenuated by 20 mM Mg2+ or tetrodotoxin, although synaptic transmission was blocked in both cases. It thus appears unlikely that the action of serotonin and norepinephrine on spinal motoneurone polarization and results from an indirect action via interneurones. AUNeuman RS EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p735-8 MJMotor Neurons; Neural Transmission; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Synapses MNElectric Stimulation; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents /PD; Rana Pipiens; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Spinal Cord /DE; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN86903-70-0 (Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002059 TIRelease of atrial natriuretic peptide by atrial distension. ABA heterologous radioimmunoassay was used to measure the concentration of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (iANP) in plasma from the femoral artery of eight chloralose anaesthetized dogs. Mitral obstruction which increased left atrial pressure by 11 cmH2O increased plasma iANP from 97 +/- 10.3 (mean +/- SE) to 135 +/- 14.3 pg/mL. Pulmonary vein distension increased heart rate but did not increase plasma iANP. Bilateral cervical vagotomy and administration of atenolol (2 mg/kg) did not prevent the increase in iANP with mitral obstruction. Samples of blood from the coronary sinus had plasma iANP significantly higher than simultaneous samples from the femoral artery confirming the cardiac origin of the iANP. Release of iANP depends on direct stretch of the atrium rather than on a reflex involving left atrial receptors. AULedsome JR; Wilson N; Courneya CA; Rankin AJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p739-42 MJHeart /PH; Myocardium; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial /SE MNDilatation; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Heart Atrium /AH /PH; Heart /AH; Natriuretic Peptides, Atrial /BL; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Tissue Extracts /PD; Vagotomy MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002060 TIHistamine--whither now? ABThis review presents, from the author's viewpoint, avenues of histamine research likely to produce new information. One potentially useful approach may be to attempt to relate histamine's function to its occurrence in different body tissues such as the pituitary and hypothalamus, the gastrointestinal mucosa, and the bone marrow and white blood cells. Prospects also seem bright for quantitative studies of histamine metabolites in blood and urine and possible changes in the relative amounts of these metabolites in a variety of diseases. AUCode CF EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p746-50 MJHistamine /PH MNBone Marrow /ME; Dogs; Gastric Juice /ME; Histamine /ME; Hypothalamus /ME; Intestinal Mucosa /ME; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes /ME; Lung /ME; Neurons /ME; Pituitary Gland, Posterior /ME; Skin /ME; Time Factors MTAnimal RN132-22-9 (Chlorpheniramine); 34839-70-8 (Metiamide); 51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002061 TITemperature and histamine receptor function--what is really happening? ABEarly studies suggested that a low temperatures there was a transition of receptor type from an H1 to an H2 receptor when the temperature was reduced from 37 degrees C to temperatures below 20 degrees C. These original observations were based on the development of sensitivity of guinea-pig ileum to the H2 antagonist metiamide as the temperature was reduced. More recently, evidence from a number of laboratories has cast doubt on the existence of a simple H1-H2 receptor transition, but there is abundant evidence that there are major changes in the response of a variety of smooth muscle preparations to histamine at reduced temperatures. The evidence in regard to alterations in histamine response at low temperatures is reviewed, some new evidence presented, and a model which is consistent with most of the observations is suggested. AUCook DA; Krueger CA; Michalchuk A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p751-5 MJMuscle, Smooth; Receptors, Histamine; Temperature MNChlorpheniramine /PD; Colon /PH; Guinea Pigs; Histamine /PD; Ileum /PH; Metiamide /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN91-84-9 (Pyrilamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002062 TIThe binding of [3H]mepyramine to histamine H1 receptors in monkey brain. ABSeveral laboratories have reported ligand binding studies using radioactive histamine H1 antagonists to label the H1 receptors in mammalian brain. We have extended these studies to a detailed examination of the binding of [3H]mepyramine to monkey brain and have shown that the distribution is similar to that in man, with specific binding sites being concentrated in the frontal cortex with relatively low binding to the pons and basal ganglia. The binding shows a single saturable component with a KD of about 1 nM and a Hill plot slope close to unity. These observations are the same for all structures tested. Comparison with data from other laboratories suggests that in this species, the histamine receptor is the same as that in peripheral tissues. From Ki values for various ligands and comparison of KD estimates in other species, the receptor seems to be essentially identical to the H1 receptor in central and peripheral tissues of the guinea pig and also to that in human brain. The rat and possibly the dog have minor differences from the monkey in terms of KD values for [3H]mepyramine binding. AUBielkiewicz B; Cook DA EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p756-9 MJAminopyridines; Brain; Pyrilamine; Receptors, Histamine H1; Receptors, Histamine MNAnthropoidea; Kinetics MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN102-02-3 (phenyl biguanide); 15826-37-6 (Disodium Cromoglycate); 404-86-4 (Capsaicin); 51-55-8 (Atropine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002063 TIMechanisms of action of sodium cromoglycate. ABThe effects of sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on cardiovascular and pulmonary responses to phenylbiguanide, capsaicin, and vagal stimulation were studied in anesthetized guinea pigs. Phenylbiguanide had no bronchospastic activity but induced reflex changes in arterial blood pressure which were reduced or abolished by SCG. Capsaicin induced nonreflex bronchospasm, and decreases in arterial blood pressure that were unaffected by SCG. Sodium cromoglycate, given before or after atropine, had no effect on the bronchospasm and cardiovascular responses to unilateral or bilateral stimulation of the vagus nerves. We conclude that SCG may influence both the afferent and efferent pathways of responses to drugs. AUBiggs DF; Goel V EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p760-5 MJDisodium Cromoglycate MNAtropine /PD; Biguanides /PD; Blood Pressure /DE; Capsaicin /PD; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Compliance /DE; Pulmonary Circulation /DE; Vagus Nerve /PH; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-45-6 (Histamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002064 TIQuantitative determination of histamine metabolites by capillary gas chromatography. ABA method using capillary gas chromatography is described for the determination of histamine and eight of its basic and acid metabolites in a single biological sample of serum, urine, or gastric juice. Ion-exchange chromatography and extraction with organic solvents are used for isolation and purification, and gas chromatography for identification and quantitation. The heptafluorobutyryl derivatives of histamine and some basic metabolites are compatible with nitrogen-phosphorus and electron capture detection modes and offer an excellent sensitivity (detection limit 0.1 pmol with electron capture). The acid metabolites are quantitated after esterification. The linearity range, the sensitivity, a partial study of reproducibility and typical chromatograms show that the method is adaptable to a variety of applications. AUNavert H; Berube R ; Wollin A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jun 1985, 63(6) p766-72 MJHistamine MNChromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Gastric Juice /AN; Histamine /BL /UR MTHuman RNEC 1.1.1.21 (Aldose Reductase); 50-99-7 (Glucose); 68367-52-2 (sorbinil); 9004-10-8 (Insulin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002065 TIResistance of the diabetic rat nerve to ischemic inactivation. ABThe resistance of the action potential to ischemic inactivation observed in diabetic patients has been reproduced in vivo in rat rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and, acutely, in normal rats given p.o. a load of glucose. The resistance phenomenon was not detected in galactosemic rats. The preservation of the action potential was reversed by the administration of insulin, but not by treatment with an aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor. The ischemic resistance is attributed to the metabolic availability of excess glucose to the nerve. AR does not appear to be involved in the phenomenon. AUJaramillo J; Simard-Duquesne N; Dvornik D EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p773-7 MJDiabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Neural Conduction MNAction Potentials /DE; Aldose Reductase /ME; Blood Glucose /ME; Body Temperature; Galactosemia /PP; Glucose /PD; Imidazoles /PD; Insulin /PD; Ischemia /PP; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal RN1131-64-2 (Debrisoquin); 537-46-2 (Methamphetamine); 93-30-1 (methoxyphenamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002066 TIMethoxyphenamine metabolism in rat models of human debrisoquine phenotypes. ABThe metabolism of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agent methoxyphenamine was investigated in rats of the Lewis and Dark Agouti strains, which are proposed models for human extensive and poor metabolizers of debrisoquine, respectively. Following oral ingestion of 20 mg kg-1 of methoxyphenamine, Dark Agouti excreted, on the average, significantly more methoxyphenamine and less O-demethylmethoxyphenamine and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine in 0- to 24-h urine than Lewis. In contrast, the N-demethylation of methoxyphenamine showed no interphenotype differences between the two strains. It is possible that in rats, the form of cytochrome P-450, which controls the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine, may also control the O-demethylation and aromatic 5-hydroxylation of methoxyphenamine. AURoy SD; Hawes EM; McKay G; Hubbard JW; Midha KK EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p778-81 MJDebrisoquin; Isoquinolines; Methamphetamine MNMethamphetamine /ME; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenotype; Rats, Inbred LEW; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002067 TIHindlimb vascular responses to sympathetic augmentation during acute anemia. ABThe effect of increased sympathetic activity on skeletal muscle blood flow during acute anemic hypoxia was studied in 16 anesthetized dogs. Sympathetic activity was altered by clamping the carotid arteries bilaterally below the carotid sinus. One group (n = 8) was beta blocked by administration of propranolol (1 mg/kg); a second group (n = 8) was untreated. Venous outflow from the left hindlimb was isolated for measurement of blood flow and O2 uptake (VO2). After a 20-min control period, both carotid arteries were clamped (CC) for 20 min followed by a 20-min recovery period. The sequence was repeated after hematocrit was lowered to about 15% by dextran exchange for blood. Prior to anemia, CC did not alter cardiac output or limb blood flow in either group. After induction of anemia, hindlimb resistance was higher with CC in the beta block than in the no block group. Both limb blood flow and VO2 fell in the beta-block group with CC during anemia. Beta block also prevented the additive increases in whole body VO2 seen with CC and induction of anemia. The data showed that the increased vasoconstrictor tone that was obtained with beta block during anemia was successful in redistributing the lower viscosity blood away from resting skeletal muscle, even to the point that muscle VO2 was decreased. AUCain SM; Chapler CK EM8601 IDHL 14693 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p782-6 MJAnemia; Muscles; Sympathetic Nervous System MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /PD; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiac Output /DE; Dogs; Hematocrit; Hindlimb /BS; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Regional Blood Flow; Stroke Volume /DE; Time Factors; Vascular Resistance /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002068 TIEffects of coronary sinus pressure elevation on coronary blood flow distribution in dogs with normal preload. ABCoronary sinus pressure (Pcs) elevation shifts the diastolic coronary pressure-flow relation (PFR) of the entire left ventricular myocardium to a higher pressure intercept. This finding suggests that Pcs is one determinant of zero-flow pressure (Pzf) and challenges the existence of a vascular waterfall mechanism in the coronary circulation. To determine whether coronary sinus or tissue pressure is the effective coronary back pressure in different layers of the left ventricular myocardium, the effect of increasing Pcs was studied while left ventricular preload was low. PFRs were determined experimentally by graded constriction of the circumflex coronary artery while measuring flow using a flowmeter. Transmural myocardial blood flow distribution was studied (15-micron radioactive spheres) at steady state, during maximal coronary artery vasodilatation at three points on the linear portion of the circumflex PFR both at low and high diastolic Pcs (7 +/- 3 vs. 22 +/- 5 mmHg; p less than 0.0001) (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa). In the uninstrumented anterior wall the blood flow measurements were obtained in triplicate at the two Pcs levels. From low to high Pcs, mean aortic (98 +/- 23 mmHg) and left atrial (5 +/- 3 mmHg) pressure, percent diastolic time (49 +/- 7%), percent left ventricular wall thickening (32 +/- 4%), and percent myocardial lactate extraction (15 +/- 12%) were not significantly changed. Increasing Pcs did not alter the slope of the PFR; however, the Pzf increased in the subepicardial layer (p less than 0.0001), whereas in the subendocardial layer Pzf did not change significantly. Similar slopes and Pzf were observed for the PFR of both total myocardial mass and subepicardial region at low and high Pcs. Subendocardial:subepicardial blood flow ratios increased for each set of measurements when Pcs was elevated (p less than 0.0001), owing to a reduction of subepicardial blood flow; however, subendocardial blood flow remained unchanged, while starting in the subepicardium toward midmyocardium blood flow decreased at high Pcs. This pattern was similar for the uninstrumented anterior wall as well as in the posterior wall. Thus as Pcs increases it becomes the effective coronary back pressure with decreasing magnitude from the subepicardium toward the subendocardium of the left ventricle. Assuming that elevating Pcs results in transmural elevation in coronary venous pressure, these findings support the hypothesis of a differential intramyocardial waterfall mechanism with greater subendo- than subepi-cardial tissue pressure. AURouleau JR; White M EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p787-97 MJBlood Pressure; Coronary Circulation MNBlood Pressure /DE; Coronary Circulation /DE; Coronary Vessels /PH; Dogs; Electrocardiography; Microspheres; Potassium Chloride /PD; Vasodilation /DE MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.13.12. (Mixed Function Oxidases); 9035-37-4 (Cytochrome b); 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002069 TIEffect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the microsomal monooxygenase system of rat liver. ABThe effect of acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, phenylbutazone, and salicylic acid on the microsomal oxidative drug metabolism of rat liver was studied. Pretreatment of the rats with pharmacologic doses of acetylsalicylic acid, indomethacin, and ketoprofen decreased both the demethylase and hydroxylase activities of rat liver microsomes. These effects were paralleled by decreases in microsomal cytochrome P-450 content. The rate of the microsomal reactions was increased after pretreatment with ibuprofen and naproxen but only the former increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450. Phenylbutazone and salicylic acid had no in vivo effect on the hepatic monooxygenase. The addition of 1 mM of ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, and phenylbutazone to rat liver microsomes inhibit both the aminopyrine N-demethylase and p-nitro-anisole O-demethylase activities. The extent of the inhibition varied between 21 and 73% of the control incubation. Indomethacin, naproxen, and phenylbutazone also decreased the aniline hydroxylase activity to roughly 60% of the control value. Acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid had no in vitro effect on the microsomal monooxygenase. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs produced a reverse type I binding spectrum with oxidized cytochrome P-450; indomethacin and phenylbutazone were the strongest ligands. There is no correlation between the effect of addition of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to the hepatic microsomal homogenate and their in vivo effect on the monooxygenase activity. AUBelanger PM ; Atitse-Gbeassor A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p798-803 MJAnti-Inflammatory Agents; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxidases MNCytochrome P-450 /ME; Cytochrome b /ME; Protein Binding; Rats MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN137-58-6 (Lidocaine); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002070 TIThe effect of lidocaine on lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cardiac arrhythmias and cellular disturbances. ABThe production of arrhythmias in the isolated heart by perfusion with lysophosphatidylcholine has been well documented. However, the role of the lysophospholipid as a physiological factor in the generation of cardiac arrhythmias is not clear. In this study, a pharmacological approach was used to delineate the physiological significance of lysophosphatidylcholine during this cardiac dysfunction. Lidocaine (5-20 mg/L) was found to be effective in the protection of the isolated rat heart from the lysophospholipid-induced arrhythmias at pharmacological concentrations. The effect of lidocaine in the protection of lysophospholipid-induced membrane dysfunction was studied with red blood cells. Lidocaine (2 mg/mL) protected red blood cells from hemolysis in the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine. Lidocaine did not inhibit the binding of the lysophospholipid to the red cell membrane, but inhibited hemolysis in a manner similar to cholesterol. The results are consistent with the postulate that lysophosphatidylcholine is a physiological factor in the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia. AUNeufeld KJ; Lederman CL; Choy PC; Man RY EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p804-8 MJArrhythmia; Lidocaine; Lysophosphatidylcholines /TO MNAlbumins /PD; Arrhythmia /PC /PP; Cell Membrane /DE; Cholesterol /PD; Electrocardiography; Erythrocyte Membrane /ME; Hemolysis /DE; Lysophosphatidylcholines /AI; Rats; Ventricular Fibrillation /BL MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002071 TIVery low density lipoprotein binding to cultured aortic endothelium. ABBecause of very low density lipoprotein's (VLDL) potential atherogenicity and the demonstration that VLDL can bind to other cells, we examined the interaction of human VLDL with cultured porcine aortic endothelium. The lipoprotein-cell interaction had many properties similar to those seen with the binding of a ligand to a cell surface receptor. It was time and temperature dependent, saturable, and reversible. Scatchard analysis of competition data suggested that there may be more than one class of binding site. The affinity of the low affinity site was similar to that for low density lipoprotein (LDL). Also, the capacity of endothelial cells to bind VLDL was similar to that for LDL, when related to apo B (i.e., particle) concentration. Not only was unlabelled VLDL able to compete for VLDL binding sites, but so was LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The maximal competition either by LDL or by HDL was less than that by VLDL. The maximal competition by HDL was more than by LDL. The VLDL binding was dependent on Ca2+. It was not changed by the content of lipoprotein in the medium in which cells were grown prior to the binding studies. These observations suggest that VLDL binding to endothelial cells is similar in some respects, but not in all, to the binding of LDL. Comparison of the data with endothelial cells to previous data with adipocytes also indicated differences between the interaction of these two cell types with VLDL. It is possible that this binding process may be involved in the formation of atherogenic remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on the endothelial surface of large blood vessels. AUDesai KS; Gotlieb AI; Steiner G EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p809-15 MJAorta; Lipoproteins, VLDL MNBinding, Competitive; Calcium /PD; Cells, Cultured; Endothelium /ME; Iodine Radioisotopes /DU; Kinetics; Lipoproteins, LDL /ME; Protein Binding; Swine; Temperature; Time Factors MTAnimal; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN487-79-6 (Kainic Acid); 56-86-0 (glutamic acid) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002072 TIEffect of paraventricular nucleus lesions on cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the subfornical organ in the rat. ABIt has recently been reported that stimulation of the region of the subfornical organ (SFO) elicits an increase in arterial pressure. However, the mechanisms and forebrain neural circuitry that are involved in this cardiovascular response have not been elucidated. The present study was done in urethane-anaesthetized rats to determine whether selective activation of SFO neurons elicit cardiovascular responses and whether these responses were mediated by a pathway involving the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Stimulation sites which required the lowest threshold current (30 microA) to elicit a pressor response and at which the largest rise in mean arterial pressure (MAP; 22 +/- 2 mmHg) was elicited at a constant current intensity (150 microA) were histologically localized in the region of the SFO. Short (mean peak latency; 4 +/- 2 s) and long (mean peak latency; 61 +/- 8 s) latency increases in MAP were observed during and after electrical stimulation of the SFO, respectively. Cardiac slowing accompanied the short latency pressor response and cardioacceleration was observed in most (57%) of the cases to accompany the late pressor response. Microinjection of L-glutamate into the SFO consistently elicited cardiovascular responses qualitatively similar to those observed during electrical stimulation. Ganglionic blockade abolished the short latency increase in MAP and the accompanying bradycardia. However, the long latency pressor and cardioacceleratory responses were not altered by ganglionic blockade and adrenalectomy. Selective bilateral electrolytic or kainic acid lesions of the region of the PVH significantly attenuated the cardiovascular responses elicited by stimulation of the SFO. These data suggest that activation of neurons in the SFO elicit cardiovascular responses partially mediated by sympathetic outflow through a neural pathway involving the PVH. AUGutman MB; Ciriello J; Mogenson GJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p816-24 MJCardiovascular System; Neurosecretory Systems; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /PH; Subfornical Organ MNAdrenalectomy; Catecholamines /ME; Electric Stimulation; Ganglionic Blockaders /PD; Glutamates /PD; Kainic Acid /PD; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus /AH; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid); 7440-70-2 (Calcium) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002073 TIMeasurements of transmitter action: the problem of voltage dependence. ABConventional intracellular recordings, from central mammalian neurones, are used to assess the actions of putative transmitters on neuronal membrane parameters such as input conductance and to determine reversal potentials. Ohm's Law and constant current methods can be employed to accurately assess such parameters provided the putative transmitter activates a voltage-independent response. However, several likely transmitter candidates act via voltage-dependent mechanisms to alter neuronal excitability; as a consequence, results from this method of analysis must be cautiously interpreted. Under this constraint of possible voltage dependence, constant current methods can lead to spurious conclusions about the physiological and pharmacological characterization of the response. AUMacDonald JF EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p825-30 MJNeurons; Neuroregulators MNAspartic Acid /PD; Calcium /PH; Cells, Cultured; Membrane Potentials /DE; Mice; Spinal Cord /PH MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin); 56-12-2 (GABA); 64-17-5 (Alcohol, Ethyl); 7440-09-7 (Potassium); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 76-74-4 (Pentobarbital) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002074 TIEnhanced neuronal K+ conductance: a possible common mechanism for sedative-hypnotic drug action. ABIt is commonly thought that central nervous system depressant drugs exert their actions through enhancement of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA)-mediated mechanisms. Recently, the cellular electrophysiological evidence from this laboratory and others suggests that both sedative hypnotics and general anaesthetics inhibit central neurons by increasing potassium conductance (GK). We have utilized the mammalian in vitro hippocampal and cerebellar slice preparations at 34-36 degrees C. Intracellular recordings from CA1, CA3, and cerebellar Purkinje cells were obtained. Low dose (sedative) concentrations of ethanol (less than or equal to 20 mM), two different benzodiazepines (midazolam and clonazepam in low nanomolar concentrations), and pentobarbital (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) were applied by pressure ejection or were bath perfused. All drugs caused a hyperpolarization with decreased spontaneous activity, and enhanced post spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). These long-lasting AHPs are presumably due to enhanced calcium-mediated GK. Increased responsiveness to focally applied GABA was only seen at higher doses (ethanol, 100 mM; midazolam, 10(-7) M; pentobarbital, 10(-4) M). These data suggest that the above neurodepressant drugs, when applied at sedative doses to hippocampal pyramidal cells, enhance GK and not the actions of GABA. AUCarlen PL; Gurevich N; Davies MF; Blaxter TJ; O'Beirne M EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p831-7 MJHypnotics and Sedatives; Neural Conduction; Potassium MNAlcohol, Ethyl /PD; Benzodiazepine Tranquilizers /PD; Calcium /PH; Cattle; GABA /PH; Hippocampus /PH; Membrane Potentials /DE; Pentobarbital /PD; Purkinje Cells /DE; Tetrodotoxin /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002075 TIModulation of inhibition in the hippocampus in vivo. ABThe nature and mechanisms of septohippocampal transmission have been elucidated by taking advantage of an in situ preparation in experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats under urethane. Both extracellular field potentials and intracellular recordings were made in CA1-3 regions of the hippocampus; and the hippocampal commissure and medial septum stimulated to evoke synaptic activity. Using muscarinic and nicotinic agonists and antagonists it was shown that both acetylcholine and medial septal activity can increase the excitability of pyramidal cells, mainly through muscarinic receptors. The effect of septal stimulation was enhanced by local application of physostigmine and reduced by intraventricular injections of hemicholinium. It was also shown that acetylcholine, when applied in the stratum pyramidale, can reduce the voltage and conductance changes observed during evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) without affecting the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid on membrane conductance and voltage. It is therefore proposed that acetylcholine can reduce evoked IPSPs through presynaptic inhibition. Evidence is also presented that medial septal stimulation can reduce the efficacy of evoked IPSPs. These observations provide further support for the existence of a cholinergic septohippocampal pathway. AURopert N EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p838-42 MJHippocampus; Neural Inhibition MNAcetylcholine /PH; Neural Transmission; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats; Time Factors MTAnimal RN543-38-4 (Canavanine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002076 TIEffects of L-canavanine on immune function in normal and autoimmune mice: disordered B-cell function by a dietary amino acid in the immunoregulation of autoimmune disease. ABThis study reports the effects in vitro and in vivo of L-canavanine (LCN), an amino acid found in commonly consumed legumes, on immune function in normal and autoimmune mice. L-Canavanine in high doses effectively blocks all DNA synthesis in vitro within 24 h. At lower doses, LCN affects B-cell function of autoimmune New Zealand Black/New Zealand White (NZB/NZW)F1 mice, inhibiting [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to B-cell mitogens, and pokeweed-induced intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin synthesis. LCN stimulates intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (IgG greater than IgM). T-cell functions such as lymphoproliferation in response to concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin and T-cell cytotoxicity are not affected. Suppression of the lipopolysaccharide response by LCN is removed by the addition of fresh B cells. Addition of the amino acid to mouse diet resulted in a decrease in the life-span of the autoimmune NZB and (NZB X NZW)F1 mice and abolished the protective effect of male sex on their survival. The decrease in survival in LCN-treated autoimmune mice correlated with an increase in spontaneous immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgG greater than IgM) and antinuclear and double-stranded DNA antibodies. The histopathological analyses revealed increased glomerular damage and immunoglobulin deposition in the kidneys of the LCN-treated autoimmune and normal (DBA/2) mice. Ten percent of normal mice developed high titers of autoantibodies after 24 weeks of the diet. These data suggest a dietary amino acid, L-canavanine, affects B-cell function resulting in autoimmune phenomena and providing a new animal model of autoimmunity, a diet-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. AUPrete PE EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p843-54 MJAutoimmune Diseases; B Lymphocytes /IM; Canavanine MNB Lymphocytes /DE; Cell Nucleus /IM; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; DNA /IM; Immunoglobulins /BI; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mice; Mitogens /PD; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN9007-58-3 (Elastin) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002077 TIOrganization of medial elastin at aortic junctions in sheep and lambs. ABAortas from four sheep and three fetal lambs were fixed at physiological pressure in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The regions with branches were serially sectioned in either cross or longitudinal section at 7-micron intervals and stained for elastin with Gomori-aldehyde-fuchsin. A large model of one aortointercostal junction was made from Plexiglas to show that bundles of elastin appeared to be continuous from the aorta into the branch. These bundles were then studied from large photomicrographs of the other junctions. At the intercostals and lumbars, the elastin lamellae ran continuously from the outer third of the media into the branch. There was often an added ╥pad╙ of elastin and other acellular material on the flow divider (distal lip). The large muscular branches which arose from the abdominal aorta have much less elastin than the intercostals. In them the aortic elastin appears to merge into a raphe on the proximal and lateral sides of the junction, with a very abrupt transition. A ╥tongue╙ of muscle from the branch often penetrated into the media of the aorta distally. Occasionally a small acellular cap was seen on the apex of the flow divider. There were few significant differences between the lambs and the sheep, probably because embryologically the arteries develop very early. The proximal and distal lips of all junctions were easily distinguished from each other, and the small and large branches were also different. We suspect these regions may respond differently to pressure, but we did not test this hypothesis. AUvan Baardwijk C; Barwick SE; Roach MR EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p855-62 MJAorta, Thoracic; Elastin MNAge Factors; Fetus; Intercostal Muscles /BS; Kidney /BS; Pregnancy; Sheep MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-67-9 (Serotonin); 6912-86-3 (Tryptophan) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002078 TIThe effect of tryptophan on biogenic amines in the hepatic portal circulation of the dog. ABMongrel dogs were fitted with indwelling hepatic portal catheters. After recovery from surgery, experiments were conducted in fasting, unrestrained, fully conscious, normal dogs which were accustomed to handling and withdrawal of blood samples. L-Tryptophan, a specific serotonin precursor, was injected into a saphenous vein, 10 microM/kg body weight, dissolved in saline. Plasma serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were determined by radioenzymatic assays in blood samples withdrawn at frequent intervals for 2 h, simultaneously from the indwelling catheter and from a catheter temporarily inserted into a saphenous vein other than the one used for the injection of tryptophan. The injection of the amino acid caused a significant elevation of the concentration of platelet-free serotonin within 60 min and this was accompanied by a reduction in the concentration of the catecholamines, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. The changes occurred only in the portal circulation and were not detected in peripheral blood samples. The results of these experiments indicate the existence of a cause and effect related interdependence between the splanchnic serotonergic and adrenergic systems in that the tryptophan-stimulated increase in serotonergic activity resulted in a concomitant reduction in gut adrenergic activity. AUHussain MN; Sirek A; Cukerman E; Sirek OV EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p863-6 MJBiogenic Amines; Tryptophan MNCatecholamines /BL; Dogs; Liver Circulation; Portal Vein /ME; Serotonin /BL; Time Factors MTAnimal; Female; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN13549-60-5 (H35-25); 23031-25-6 (Terbutaline); 299-42-3 (Ephedrine); 34368-04-2 (Dobutamine); 37350-58-6 (Metoprolol); 59-42-7 (Phenylephrine); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002079 TIAction of agonists and antagonists on adrenergic receptors in isolated porcine coronary arteries. ABThe adrenergic receptors of porcine coronary arteries were investigated in helically cut strips of small (less than or equal to 0.5 mm outer-diameter (od), medium (0.8-1.2 mm od), large (1.5-2.5 mm od), and very large (greater than 4 mm od) coronary arteries. Both the beta1 agonist dobutamine and the beta2 agonist terbutaline relaxed coronary arteries partially contracted by 25 mM of KCl. Dobutamine contracted small coronary arteries at 10(-5) M concentrations, then relaxed them at 10(-4) M. The beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol contracted coronary arteries relaxed by either dobutamine or terbutaline, but the beta2 antagonist H35/25 did so only in high and probably nonselective concentrations. Alpha1-adrenoreceptor stimulating concentrations of phenylephrine did not contract any of the arteries. Metoprolol and high concentrations of H35/25 further contracted large coronary arteries partially contracted by 25 mM potassium. These contractions were blocked by verapamil and papaverine but not by atropine, phentolamine, yohimbine, mepyramine, or methysergide. This seems to indicate that beta-adrenergic receptors in porcine coronary arteries are beta1-receptors, or closely resemble beta1-receptors. They differ from many other beta1-receptors, however, in that they are stimulated by terbutaline. Alpha1 adrenoreceptors seem not to be present in these porcine coronary arteries to a significant extent. Metoprolol and high concentrations of H35/25 have a direct contractile effect in large porcine coronary artery that is not mediated by alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic, histaminergic, or serotonergic receptors but requires verapamil-sensitive calcium. AUHorst MA; Robinson CP EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p867-71 MJMuscle, Smooth, Vascular; Receptors, Adrenergic MNAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders /PD; Coronary Vessels /DE; Dobutamine /PD; Ephedrine /AA /PD; Metoprolol /PD; Muscle Contraction /DE; Phenylephrine /PD; Potassium Chloride /PD; Swine; Terbutaline /PD MTAnimal; Female; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002080 TIInhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following kindling-induced epilepsy in the rat. ABTo determine the alterations in cellular function which may contribute to the chronic predisposition of neuronal tissue to epileptiform activity, the membrane properties and inhibitory processes of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells were investigated using in vitro slices prepared from commissural-kindled rats. No changes were observed in resting membrane potential, input resistance, spike amplitude, and membrane time constant of ╥kindled╙ CA1 pyramidal neurons when compared with controls. There were also no differences between control and kindled preparations in the amplitude of recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSP) and in the duration of inhibition produced by either alvear (Alv) or stratum radiatum (SR) stimulation. Irrespective of group, repetitive stimulation of the Alv reduced the amplitude of the recurrent IPSP but failed to induce seizurelike activity. On the other hand, repetitive stimulation of SR frequently produced a neuronal burst discharge even though the duration and to some extent the amplitude of orthodromic inhibition was increased. On the basis of these data, it may be suggested that chronic changes in CA1 pyramidal cell membrane properties and transient reductions of inhibitory processes do not underlie the enhanced sensitivity of these neurons to seizure activity associated with kindling. AUOliver MW; Miller JJ EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p872-8 MJEpilepsy; Hippocampus; Kindling (Neurology); Pyramidal Tracts MNElectric Stimulation; Membrane Potentials; Neural Inhibition; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats MTAnimal; Male RN10549-76-5 (tetrabutylammonium); 7440-24-6 (Strontium); 7440-39-3 (Barium); 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002081 TIExcitation-contraction coupling in crab muscle fibers with swollen T tubules. ABSingle crab (Callinectes danae) fibers were equilibrated with isotonic, high KCl solutions and were subsequently returned to the control saline. This caused marked swelling of the T tubules. Fibers treated with 100 mM KCl had a 2.5-mV residual depolarization, a 50% decrease in effective membrane resistance (Reff) and a 75% reduction in membrane time constant (tau m). These fibers exhibited large increases in membrane conductance upon depolarization and were inexcitable; membrane depolarization with current pulses elicited no contraction. The effects of the KCl treatment on membrane properties were not reproduced by treatment with high potassium gluconate solutions, which did not cause tubular swelling. Tetrabutylammonium (10 mM) or Ba ions (10-20 mM), but not tetraethylammonium (40-100 mM), Sr ions (15-70 mM), or procaine (1-8 mM) reversed the effects of the KCl treatment on Reff, tau m, membrane excitability, and excitation-contraction coupling. The time course of the Ba effects was consistent with the suggestion that the KCl treatment increases the K conductance of the tubular membranes, which in turn prevents the activation of voltage-dependent Ca channels located in the membranes of the T system. This results in inhibition of the Ca-dependent electrogenesis and consequently, the absence of contraction upon depolarization of the plasma membrane. AULeal-Cardoso JH; Suarez-Kurtz G EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p879-85 MJCrabs; Muscles MNAmmonium Compounds /PD; Barium /PD; Ion Channels /DE; Membrane Potentials /DE; Muscle Contraction /DE; Muscles /UL; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents /PD; Potassium Chloride /PD; Strontium /PD; Tetraethylammonium Compounds /PD MTAnimal; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN6899-04-3 (Glutamine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002082 TIRenal extraction of glutamine from plasma and whole blood: studies in dogs and rats. ABThe change in plasma and blood cell pools of L-glutamine during a single pass through the kidney was studied in dogs and rats. It was shown that the glutamine content of blood cells does not change following one passage through the renal vascular bed in normal or acidotic dogs. Furthermore, an infusion of L-glutamine elevating by 10-fold the plasma concentration of this amino acid only minimally changed the blood cells' glutamine content. Therefore within the time frame of acute experiments, the dog blood cells can be assumed to be impermeable to glutamine in vivo. Accordingly, renal glutamine extraction can be measured using either whole blood or plasma arteriovenous difference in this species. However, the latter value is larger and therefore can be measured more accurately. In normal rats, no net renal glutamine extraction is measured. In contrast, a considerable renal glutamine uptake occurs in acidotic rats, 23% of the extracted glutamine coming from the blood cell pool. A load of glutamine in vivo significantly elevates both the plasma and the blood cell concentration. It is concluded (i) that the renal extraction of glutamine is best estimated using plasma arteriovenous difference in the dog, especially when the renal extraction is small; (ii) that whole blood measurements should be obtained in the rat. AUVinay P; Khoury N; Soowamber M; Gougoux A EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p886-92 MJGlutamine; Kidney MNAcidosis /BL; Dogs; Erythrocytes /ME; Plasma /ME; Rats; Sheep; Species Specificity MTAnimal; Comparative Study; In Vitro; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002083 TIPhysiologic modulations of the systolic time intervals in the fetal lamb. ABTo examine the modulation of fetal systolic time intervals of the ovine fetus in relation to fetal maturation, heart rate, respiratory activity, and circadian rhythm, studies were carried out on 13 fetal-maternal sheep preparations. The data obtained showed that there was a significant correlation between the ejection time (ET) and the RR intervals of the electrocardiogram. The pre-ejection period (PEP) and PEP/ET increased in relation to the fetal maturation (38 ms and 0.25 at 120 days to 52 ms and 0.33 at 145 days of gestation, respectively). When the circadian rhythmicity was analyzed, a relative tachycardia was in evidence during the 21- to 03-h period but systolic time intervals remained unchanged. Except for some tachycardia and cardiac rhythm variability, respiratory activity also had no influence on the systolic time intervals. AUDe Muylder X; Fouron JC; Bard H; Lafond JS EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p893-7 MJFetal Heart; Fetus; Heart Rate MNCircadian Rhythm; Myocardial Contraction; Pregnancy; Respiration; Sheep; Systole; Trachea /PH MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-84-3 (Acetylcholine) IS0008-4212 LAEnglish JCCJM SBM UI86002084 TIAcetylcholine supersensitivity in the rat heart produced by neonatal sympathectomy. ABEffects of neonatal sympathectomy with antiserum to nerve growth factor or 6-hydroxydopamine on the acetylcholine sensitivity of the rat left atria were investigated. Sensitivities to acetylcholine of atria from immunologically and chemically sympathectomized rats were much higher than that of control at 4 weeks of age. These results suggest possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of cardiac cholinergic sensitivity. AUIshii K; Ishii N; Shigenobu K; Kasuya Y EM8601 SOCan J Physiol Pharmacol (Canada), Jul 1985, 63(7) p898-9 MJAcetylcholine; Animals, Newborn; Heart; Sympathectomy MNDepression, Chemical; Mice; Myocardial Contraction /DE MTAnimal; In Vitro IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002085 TIMedicine and journalism [letter] AUWoods D EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p629 MJWriting IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002086 TISearching for a scientific writing style [editorial] AUMorgan PP EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p632-3 MJWriting RN8002-80-0 (Gluten) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002087 TIGluten in pills [letter] AUKroghC EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p636 MJDrugs; Gluten IS0008-4409 LAFrench JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002088 TI[Cost of drugs for whiplash caused by traffic accidents (letter)] AUBouchard HL; Favreau G TT[Cout des medicaments pour entorse vertebral subie lors d'un accident de la route.] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p636-7 MJInsurance, Health, Reimbursement; Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services; Whiplash Injuries /EC MNAdult; France; Middle Age; Whiplash Injuries /DT MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002089 TIEvaluation of sponging to reduce body temperature [letter] AUKlimek EH EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p638 MJFever MNBody Temperature; Child; Methods MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002090 TIAbdominal pain and weight loss in a patient with well controlled diabetes [letter] AULycka B EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p638-9 MJBlood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetic Neuropathies MNAbdomen; Pain; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /BL; Spinal Nerve Roots MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002091 TIPreventive care in family practice [letter] AUMcAuley RG; Seidelman WE EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p639 MJBlood Pressure Determination; Family Practice; Preventive Health Services MNAdult; Aged; Canada; Middle Age MTHuman; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002092 TIDiuretic-induced hypokalemia in hypertension [letter] AULogan AG; Larochelle P EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p639-40 MJDiuretics; Hypertension; Hypokalemia MNDiuretics /TU; Hypokalemia /PC MTHuman RN446-86-6 (Azathioprine); 83-43-2 (Methylprednisolone) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002093 TISteroid use in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia [letter] AUBegin P EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p640-1 MJAzathioprine; Methylprednisolone; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii MNDrug Therapy, Combination MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002094 TIAbsenteeism among hospital staff during influenza epidemic [letter] AUFralick RA EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p641 MJAbsenteeism; Cross Infection; Disease Outbreaks; Hospitals, Chronic Disease; Hospitals, Special; Influenza; Personnel, Hospital MNCanada; Influenza /TM MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002095 TIFaith in healing [letter] AUParsons WB EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p642 MJPatients; Physician-Patient Relations MTHuman RN0 (DTP vaccine) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002096 TIFractional doses of DPT vaccine [letter] AUWassilak S; Brink EW EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p642 MJDiphtheria Toxoid; Pertussis Vaccine; Tetanus Toxoid MNDiphtheria Toxoid /IM; Drug Combinations /AD /IM; Pertussis Vaccine /IM; Tetanus Toxoid /IM MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002097 TISexual medicine [letter] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p643-4 MJSex; Specialties, Medical MNCounseling; Sex Disorders /TH MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002098 TIGeneric drug names: deliberate mouthful? [letter] AUDoyle DJ EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p644 MJDrug Labeling MNNomenclature IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002099 TIOccult blood screening of Canadians: wise or unwise? AUSimon JB EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p647-9 MJColonic Neoplasms /PC; Mass Screening; Occult Blood; Rectal Neoplasms /PC MNCanada; Colonic Neoplasms /EC; Costs and Cost Analysis; Mass Screening /EC; Rectal Neoplasms /EC MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002100 TIFactors influencing early diagnosis of cancer of the oral cavity. ABFactors associated with stage at time of diagnosis and with interval between recognition of the first symptom and histologic diagnosis were assessed in a consecutive series of patients with primary epithelial tumours of the oral cavity. Of the 160 patients 55% had stage I or II disease. The proportion was significantly higher among patients with a high socioeconomic status, those with low levels of alcohol consumption and those who regularly received dental care. The interval between recognition of the first symptom and diagnosis was not significantly related to these factors, but it was shorter for the men. These relations were specific to the patients with cancer of the oral cavity, not being seen in those with other head and neck tumours. Dental practitioners are an important source of early diagnosis of oral cavity cancers. The impact of the disease might thus be lessened by more regular dental care. AUElwood JM; Gallagher RP EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p651-6 MJMouth Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Dental Care; Marriage; Middle Age; Mouth Neoplasms /PA; Smoking; Social Class; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002101 TISporadic postinfectious neuromyasthenia. ABOutbreaks of epidemic neuromyasthenia have occurred throughout the world for many years, but sporadic cases have only recently been recognized. Fifty consecutive previously well patients with prolonged and excessive fatigue after an apparent acute infection were investigated. Most were well educated, active, unmarried women aged 30 to 40 years. The precipitating infection had many clinical presentations. The chronic phase of the illness was characterized by a fairly common set of symptoms. Physical examination and laboratory testing generally gave normal results. Of the 50 patients 16 were found to be infected with Epstein-Barr virus, 7 with other viruses, 4 with parasites and 2 with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The causative agent was not known in 22 cases. The mean duration of the illness was 27.6 months, and the mean proportion of time lost from work or school was 39%. Drug therapy was not beneficial; supportive therapy was useful. Further investigation is required to determine optimal management of sporadic neuromyasthenia. AUSalit IE EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p659-63 MJInfection; Neurasthenia MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Middle Age; Neurasthenia /PP MTFemale; Human; Male RN15307-86-5 (Diclofenac) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002102 TIErythema multiforme major following use of diclofenac. AUMorris BA; Remtulla SS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p665 MJDiclofenac; Erythema Multiforme MNAged MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002103 TIEndometritis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AUMacIntosh OC; Saxon RD EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p667-8 MJEndometritis /ET; Tuberculosis, Female Genital MNAdult; Endometritis /DI; Tuberculosis, Female Genital /DI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002104 TIStatement on influenza vaccination for the 1985-86 season. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p671-2 MJInfluenza; Vaccination MNAdolescence; Aged; Canada; Child, Preschool; Child MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002105 TIInfluenza in Canada, 1984-85. AUBollegraaf E EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p672 MJInfluenza MNCanada MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002106 TICan medical paternalism be justified? AUBrown K EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p678-80 MJEthics, Medical; Patient Participation; Physician-Patient Relations MNAdult; Canada; Child; Patient Advocacy MTHuman RN50-36-2 (Cocaine) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002107 TIThe rising popularity of cocaine: how serious a problem? AUKatz S EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p682-5 MJCocaine; Substance Abuse; Substance Dependence MNCanada; Forecasting MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002108 TIDistributing physicians. AUGilmore A EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 1 1985, 133(7) p689-94 MJPhysicians MNCanada; Medically Underserved Area; Rural Health MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002109 TIBuilding a table: 1 [editorial] AUMorgan PP EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p721 MJWriting IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002110 TICMA's policy summaries [letter] AUGeekie DA EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p723 MJMedical Records; Societies, Medical MNCanada MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002111 TIHypotension during urography in patients taking beta-blockers [letter] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p724-6 MJAdrenergic Beta Receptor Blockaders; Hypotension; Urography MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002112 TIThe Eastman prescription: a dispensable package [letter] AUFevang L EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p726 MJDrug Packaging MNCanada; Prescriptions, Drug IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002113 TIThe plow in front of the bull [letter] AUde Bellefeuille P EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p726-7 MJPopulation Control MNPoverty MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002114 TIAge at death: physicians and ministers of religion [letter] EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p727-8 MJClergy; Longevity; Physicians MNAged MTHuman RN24526-64-5 (Nomifensine) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002115 TINomifensine-induced dyskinesia [letter] AURapp MS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p728-31 MJDyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Nomifensine MNAged MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002116 TIThe hypocrisy of abortion [letter] AULena SM EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p731 MJAbortion, Legal MNAdolescence; Child; Pregnancy MTFemale; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002117 TITreatment for primary varicose veins [letter] AUBasian H EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p731 MJVaricose Veins /TH MNVaricose Veins /DI MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002118 TISleep disorders in hospital [letter] AUWilson TS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p731, 734 MJHospitalization; Sleep MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002119 TISmoking and health [letter] AUWatkins JL EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p734 MJChiropractic; Smoking; Societies MNCanada MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002120 TIPassive smoking has no place in the workplace [editorial] AURepace JL EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p737-8 MJAir Pollutants, Occupational; Tobacco Smoke Pollution MNCanada; Occupational Medicine MTHuman RN26787-78-0 (Amoxicillin); 74469-00-4 (BRL 25000) IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002121 TIAmoxicillin-clavulanate (Clavulin). Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p739 MJAmoxicillin /TU; Bacterial Infections; Clavulanic Acids /TU; Urinary Tract Infections MNAmoxicillin /AE; Child; Clavulanic Acids /AE; Drug Combinations /AE /TU MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002122 TIPediculosis capitis (head lice). Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p741-2 MJPediculosis /TH MNChild; Pediculosis /DI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002123 TIA syndromic approach to common parasitic diseases. ABStandard textbooks discuss parasitic disease according to specific organisms. In contrast, patients with parasitic infections present to physicians with a variety of clinical manifestations that may involve any of several organ systems and that often mimic nonparasitic diseases. A syndromic approach to the clinical situation may help the physician in considering the most important parasitic agents. Many parasitic infections can be acquired in temperate climates. While often considered tropical or exotic, other parasitic diseases are now seen more frequently in developed countries because of immigration and increased world travel. In this review the clinical syndromes associated with common parasitic diseases in North America are discussed, with an emphasis on risk factors and diagnosis of specific infections. AUShafran SD; Chow AW EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p743-52 MJParasitic Diseases MNCholangitis /DI /ET; Eye Diseases /DI; Fever /DI /ET; Gastrointestinal Diseases /DI; Genital Diseases, Female /DI; Liver Diseases, Parasitic /DI; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Nervous System Diseases /DI; Skin Diseases, Parasitic /DI; Syndrome; Urologic Diseases /DI MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002124 TINew approaches to measuring nausea. ABValid measures of nausea are needed to evaluate the various treatments used to counter the nausea produced by chemotherapy. The overall nausea intensity (ONI) produced by 17 chemotherapy drugs was estimated by 17 physicians and 8 nurses, and 25 patients undergoing chemotherapy described the subjective qualities and ONI of their nausea on a modified form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. The scores for the affective and miscellaneous categories of words in the questionnaire were found to correlate significantly with the physicians' and nurses' ONI estimates. The results formed the basis for the Nausea Questionnaire, which provided three indices of nausea: a nausea rating index (NRI), ONI and intensity of nausea according to a visual analogue scale (VAS). All three indices correlated significantly with the physicians' and nurses' ONI estimates and were significantly intercorrelated. All three also provided significant differences when the scores of patients who had received cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil were compared. The results indicate that the Nausea Questionnaire provides three valid indices of the subjective experience of nausea. AUMelzack R; Rosberger Z; Hollingsworth ML; Thirlwell M EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p755-8, 761 MJAntineoplastic Agents; Nausea MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age; Nausea /DI; Pilot Projects; Questionnaires MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002125 TIRelative costs of specialist services in a family practice population. ABThe frequency and cost of referrals to specialists in March 1984 for 8980 rostered patients attending a family practice clinic located in a teaching hospital were analysed. The patients made 1891 visits to specialists. In all age groups and for all specialties female patients were more likely to be seen. The total direct provider costs were higher for female patients than for male patients. However, costs per patient seen were higher for male patients, except for psychiatry and medicine. Visits to surgeons had the highest total cost, while visits to psychiatrists had the highest cost per patient seen. Of the direct provider costs 61% was for specialist services. The family physician, in the ╥gatekeeper╙ role, has an opportunity to control some of the costs of the health care system by ensuring that the best and most efficient use is made of the referral network. AUNorton PG; Nelson W; Rudner HL; Dunn EV EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p759-61 MJFamily Practice; Physicians; Referral and Consultation; Specialties, Medical MNAdult; Aged; Costs and Cost Analysis; Middle Age; Ontario; Referral and Consultation /UT MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002126 TIDisseminated histoplasmosis in a nonendemic area. AUTaylor GD; Fanning EA; Ferguson JP; Jewell LD; Sekhon AS EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p763-5 MJHistoplasmosis /PA MNCanada; Histoplasmosis /OC /TH; Middle Age MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002127 TICutaneous abscess due to Nocardia after ╥alternative╙ therapy for lymphoma. AUTaylor GD; Turner AR EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p767 MJAbscess; Alternative Medicine; Injections, Subcutaneous; Lymphoma; Nocardia Infections; Skin Diseases, Infectious MNAdult; Blood Proteins /AD; Self Administration /AE MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002128 TICase of tetanus in British Columbia. AUGauvreau L EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p771 MJTetanus MNAged; British Columbia; Tetanus /TH; Wounds, Penetrating /MI MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002129 TIBotulism in Canada: caribou meat as a source of poisoning? AUHuggins DR EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p774 MJBotulism; Caribou; Meat; Reindeer MNBotulism /OC; Canada; Clostridium Botulinum /IP; Feces /MI MTAnimal; Human IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002130 TIMRC is buying stock in the future. AUWilson J EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p778-80 MJResearch Support MNCanada; History of Medicine, 20th Cent.; Portraits; Research /HI MCHistorical Article IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002131 TIAnimal rights versus university research. AUGray C EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p781-3,786-90 MJAnimal Welfare; Research MNAnthropoidea; England; Legislation; Organizations; United States MTAnimal IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002132 TIThe debate: animals in laboratories. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p782-3 MJAnimal Testing Alternatives; Animal Welfare; Research MNCanada; United States; Vivisection MTAnimal IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002133 TIFrom sneakers to vinyl shoes (animal activists). EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p786-7 MJAnimal Welfare; Organizations; Research MNAnimal Testing Alternatives; Canada; United States MTAnimal IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002134 TIUS Medicare facing a difficult future. AUKorcok M EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p791-3 MJHealth Insurance for Aged and Disabled, Title 18 MNAged; Costs and Cost Analysis; Forecasting; Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled, Title 18 /EC; Health Services for the Aged; Population Dynamics; United States MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002135 TIHypnosis: with legitimacy comes questions. AUSwartz J EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p795-6 MJHypnosis MNPsychotherapy MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002136 TISmoking: it's time we stopped moralizing about a health issue. AUWaugh D EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p798-9 MJSmoking; Tobacco Use Disorder MTHuman IS0008-4409 LAEnglish JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002137 TIEthics and editors: when should unethical research be published? AUMcDonald A EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p803-5 MJBioethics; Publishing; Research IS0008-4409 LAEnglish; French JCCKW SBA; M; X UI86002138 TIDrinking and driving. EM8601 SOCan Med Assoc J (Canada), Oct 15 1985, 133(8) p806A, 806B MJAlcohol Drinking; Automobile Driving; Societies, Medical MNAdult; Canada MTFemale; Human; Male RN59-14-3 (Bromodeoxyuridine); 9007-49-2 (DNA) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002139 TIDNA damage and cell killing. Cause and effect? ABThe evidence supporting a cause and effect relationship between DNA damage and cell killing is examined in the light of what is currently known about the organization and replication of genomic DNA in eukaryotic cells and the radio-energetics of DNA breakage. A large disparity is identified between characteristic doses for cell killing and for the production of DNA lesions (i.e., single- or double-strand breaks). In contrast, the sensitive phase of the inhibition of DNA synthesis has a dependence on dose quantitatively similar to that of cell killing. A model is developed in which single- and double-strand breaks are associated with the inhibition of replicon initiation, whereas only double-strand breaks are primarily responsible for strand elongation. Furthermore, the model points to the replisome and the region of replicated DNA just downstream from the fork as the locus of radiation action. AUElkind MM EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2351-63 MJCell Nucleus /RE; Cell Survival; DNA /RE MNBromodeoxyuridine /ME; Cell Line; Cell Nucleus /ME; Cricetulus; DNA Repair; DNA Replication; DNA /BI; Genes /RE; Hamsters; Models, Biological; Radiation Dosage MTAnimal; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002140 TIHigh-dose intracavitary cisplatin with intravenous thiosulfate. Low incidence of serious neurotoxicity. ABRecent published reports have suggested that cisplatin administered in high doses or in certain combination chemotherapy can cause serious neurotoxicity in a large percentage of patients treated. In several high-dose cisplatin-based intracavitary chemotherapy trials with the simultaneous intravenous administration of sodium thiosulfate, the incidence of clinically relevant neurotoxicity has been extremely low. In addition, several patients with serious preexisting cisplatin-induced neurologic dysfunction were treated without worsening of their clinical condition. It is suggested that thiosulfate might have been responsible for the low incidence of neurotoxicity in this patient population. Further experimental and clinical investigation of the potential of this agent to protect against cisplatin-induced neuropathy appears warranted. AUMarkman M; Cleary S; Pfeifle CE; Howell SB EM8601 IDCA 23100; CA 35309; RR-00827 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2364-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined; Nervous System Diseases MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Cisplatin /AD; Ear Diseases /CI; Mesothelioma /DT; Middle Age; Ovarian Neoplasms /DT; Peripheral Nerve Diseases /CI; Peritoneal Cavity; Peritoneal Neoplasms /DT; Pleural Neoplasms /DT; Pleura; Thiosulfates /AD; Vomiting /CI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN305-03-3 (Chlorambucil); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 53-03-2 (Prednisone); 57-22-7 (Vincristine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002141 TITreatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in advanced stages. A randomized trial comparing chlorambucil plus prednisone versus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone. ABNinety-six patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (Stage C; anemia and/or thrombocytopenia of nonimmune origin) were randomized to receive either chlorambucil (CLR) (0.4 mg/kg orally, day 6) plus prednisone (PDN) (60 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) every 2 weeks or cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 intravenously, day 6), vincristine (1 mg/m2 intravenously, day 6) and prednisone (60 mg/m2 orally, days 1-5) (COP) each month for 5 months. Complete remission (CR) was defined as the total disappearance of signs and symptoms related to the disease. Partial remission (PR) was considered to be achieved when, after treatment, the clinical stage changed to a less advanced one. Thirty (59%) responses (8% CR) with CLR plus PDN and 14 (31%, 2% CR) with COP were observed (P less than 0.01). The survival was not significantly different for the two groups. Patients previously treated had a lower number of responses (11/35, 31%) than those with no previous treatment (33/61, 54%) (P less than 0.05). Patients who attained a CR or a good PR had longer survivals (median not reached) than those with a poor PR (median, 25.2 months) or those who did not respond to treatment (median, 11.5 months) (P less than 0.005). AUMontserrat E; Alcala A ; Parody R; Domingo A; Garcia-Conde J ; Bueno J; Ferran C ; Sanz MA; Giralt M; Rubio D; et al EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2369-75 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Leukemia, Lymphocytic MNAged; Anemia /PA; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Chlorambucil /AD; Clinical Trials; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Leukemia, Lymphocytic /MO /PA; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Prednisone /AD; Prognosis; Random Allocation; Thrombocytopenia /PA; Vincristine /AD MTFemale; Human; Male RN0 (PM-FAC protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 53-03-2 (Prednisone); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002142 TIAggressive adriamycin-containing regimen (PM-FAC) in estrogen receptor-negative disseminated breast cancer. Results of a Southwest Oncology Group trial. ABSixty-four patients with disseminated breast cancer were treated with an aggressive chemotherapy program of prednisone, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide (PM-FAC). A response rate of 76% was seen in 44 estrogen receptor (ER) negative patients, with 26% achieving complete responses. Forty-two percent of 20 ER positive and unknown patients demonstrated a response, but in none was a complete response achieved. Median response duration was 9 months for complete responders and 5 months for partial responders. The median survival for both groups of patients was 13 months. However, survival among the responding patients was inferior for the ER negative group (median, 14 versus 20 months; P = 0.05). These findings suggest selective sensitivity of ER negative breast cancer to Adriamycin-containing chemotherapy. Despite aggressive chemotherapy, no durable remissions were achieved. Relapse occurred at sites of known prior involvement, and in the central nervous system de novo, especially in the ER negative patients. AUMortimer J; Flournoy N; Livingston RB; Stephens RL EM8601 IDCA-20319; CA-04919; CA-12644; + SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2376-80 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Breast Neoplasms; Receptors, Estrogen MNAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Brain Neoplasms /SC; Breast Neoplasms /ME /PA; Clinical Trials; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Doxorubicin /AD; Fluorouracil /AD; Meningeal Neoplasms /SC; Methotrexate /AD; Prednisone /AD; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002143 TIMitomycin in metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal and combination chemotherapy. ABForty-three patients with evaluable metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal agents and extensive combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin were treated with mitomycin, 20 mg/m2 intravenously every 6 weeks. There were five partial responses (12%) and three minor responses (7%), with a mean time to progression of 5 months and 3.5 months, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was the major dose-limiting toxicity, and myelosuppression was cumulative. Cardiac dysfunction was observed in 12% of patients. Mitomycin had some antitumor activity in this group of metastatic breast cancer patients refractory to extensive combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin. AUPasterz RB; Buzdar AU; Hortobagyi GN; Blumenschein GR EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2381-4 MJBreast Neoplasms; Mitomycins /TU MNAdult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Breast Neoplasms /PA; Drug Resistance; Heart Failure, Congestive /CI; Hormones /TU; Middle Age; Mitomycins /AE; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neutropenia /CI; Retrospective Studies; Thrombocytopenia /CI MTFemale; Human RN0 (CAMP protocol); 0 (CAMP-L protocol); 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin); 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide); 51057-63-7 (Citrovorum Factor); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate); 671-16-9 (Procarbazine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002144 TICAMP chemotherapy for metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A 7-year experience (1975-1981) with 160 patients. ABBetween January 1975 and December 1981, 160 patients with metastatic non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma (MNOBC) were treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine (CAMP), or with a CAMP-like regimen. Forty-two (26%) of these patients demonstrated an objective response to the chemotherapy with a median survival of 61 weeks. Thirty-nine (24%) patients had stable disease (SD) with a median survival of 45 weeks. Seventy-nine patients (49.4%) were nonresponders with a median survival of 15 weeks. There was a significant difference in survival times between the responders and the SD patients, and between the responders and SD patients and the nonresponders. Responses were seen in 11% of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma and in 37% of the patients with adenocarcinoma. There was a significant difference in the response and SD categories in favor of adenocarcinoma over squamous cell carcinoma. Once a response was achieved, the median survival of the patients with adenocarcinoma was not significantly longer than that of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma. AUShepard KV; Golomb HM; Bitran JD; Hoffman PC; Newman SB; DeMeester TR; Skosey C EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2385-90 MJAdenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Lung Neoplasms MNActuarial Analysis; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Carcinoma, Bronchogenic /MO; Citrovorum Factor /AD; Cyclophosphamide /AD; Doxorubicin /AD; Lung Neoplasms /MO; Methotrexate /AD; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Procarbazine /AD MTFemale; Human; Male RN59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002145 TIA phase I and pharmacology study of continuous-infusion low-dose methotrexate administration. ABContinuous intravenous infusion of methotrexate (MTX) was evaluated in a Phase I study designed to establish the optimal dose rate to provide a minimum of 28 days of constant 24-hour drug exposure. Twenty-six courses were administered to 21 patients at dose rates of 0.75 mg/M2/day to 3 mg/M2/day. Dose-limiting toxicity was predominantly stomatitis at the highest dose rates. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100,000) without leukopenia developed in 8 of 26 courses at the lower dose rates, with or without stomatitis, and was rapidly reversible. Serial blood levels revealed detectable serum MTX concentrations at all dose rates delivered with mean MTX concentrations varying from 12.8 nM at 0.75 mg/M2/day to 140 nM at 2.5 mg/M2/day. Total-body clearance of MTX approximated renal creatinine clearance. The recommended dose rate for continuous infusion of methotrexate is 0.75 mg/M2/day for 28 days, and for shorter durations (less than or equal to 14 days), the optimal dose rate is 1.5 mg/M2/day. The continuous-infusion schedule for MTX, therefore, results in a substantial decrease in the delivered dose compared with that achieved with a bolus schedule. AULokich JJ; Curt G EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2391-4 MJMethotrexate; Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Drug Evaluation; Infusions, Parenteral /IS; Kinetics; Methotrexate /AE /ME; Middle Age; Stomatitis /CI; Thrombocytopenia /CI MTHuman; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN51-21-8 (Fluorouracil); 59-05-2 (Methotrexate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002146 TI5-Fluorouracil and methotrexate administered simultaneously as a continuous infusion. A phase I study. ABInfusion delivery systems have been evaluated for administration of many individual chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX). This study combined the two drugs as an admixture, and in a Phase I trial design established a useful dose schedule for each of the component drugs. 5-FU at a fixed dose rate of 300 mg/M2/day was delivered with methotrexate (MTX) at four different dose rates (0.75, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/M2/day, respectively). The drug solution was delivered via a subclavian venous access with a portable infusion pump in an ambulatory setting. Twenty-nine patients received a total of 38 courses of the two-drug infusion: 21 courses were delivered with the two agents admixed constantly throughout treatment (Schedule A) and 17 were administered the treatment with 5-FU delivered continuously and MTX added to the 5-FU for alternate 14-day cycles (Schedule B). For the former schedule, dose-rate-limiting toxicity was related to MTX and included stomatitis developing at days 8 to 14 (median, day 8) with the higher dose rates (1.5-2.0 mg/M2/day) and thrombocytopenia developing at days 11 to 56 (median, day 14) at the lowest dose rates (1.0 mg/M2/day). For Schedule B, dose-rate-limiting toxicity was similarly due to the MTX with thrombocytopenia and/or chemical hepatitis developing in six of seven courses of MTX at 1.0 mg/M2/day and in five of ten courses delivered at 0.75 mg/M2/day. On Schedule B the MTX-associated toxicities were reversed when the MTX administration was interrupted and in the face of continued 5-FU infusion. A reasonable dose rate and schedule for continuous infusion of 5-FU combined with MTX is: 5-FU 300 mg/M2/day X 28 days and MTX 0.75 mg/M2/day for days 1 to 14, with cycles administered consecutively each 28 days. AULokich JJ; Phillips D; Green R; Paul S; Sonneborn H; Zipoli TE; Curt G EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2395-8 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Fluorouracil /AD; Infusions, Parenteral /IS /MT; Methotrexate /AD /AE; Middle Age; Stomatitis /CI; Thrombocytopenia /CI MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 33419-42-0 (Etoposide) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002147 TICisplatin and etoposide salvage therapy and resection of the residual tumor in pretreated germ cell testicular cancer. ABThirty-two consecutive patients with pretreated germinal testis cancer received three to four inductions of cisplatin and etoposide therapy (PE). Patients not pretreated, or only partially pretreated with bleomycin (B), also received this drug for a maximum of 12 doses. Sixteen patients underwent secondary surgery for the removal of residual masses. Twelve (37.5%) entered complete remission (CR) with chemotherapy alone, and an additional 9 cases (28%) were rendered tumor-free by surgery. The 21 disease-free patients (65.5%) received two further inductions and no maintenance. Toxicity was moderate, and 1 of the 16 patients who underwent surgery died postoperatively of pulmonary embolism. After a median follow-up period of 26 months (range, 9-60), 2 patients have died in CR and 15 (47%) are currently alive and have been continuously disease-free. The major determinant of tumor response was prior therapy. Eleven of 14 (78%) patients who were not pretreated with cisplatin achieved a continuous disease-free status versus only 4 of the 18 pretreated patients (22%, P less than 0.01). In this set of cases, complete responders to prior PVB therapy did better than incomplete responders treated for tumor progression. It can be concluded that normal-dose PE +/- B therapy, followed by surgical resection of the residual tumor, is a satisfactory salvage therapy in patients not pretreated with cisplatin and is also active in complete responders to prior PVB therapy. AUPizzocaro G; Pasi M; Salvioni R; Zanoni F; Milani A; Piva L EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2399-403 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed; Testicular Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Bleomycins /AD; Cisplatin /AD; Dysgerminoma /DT; Etoposide /AD; Mesonephroma /DT; Middle Age; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /SC /SU; Teratoma /DT; Testicular Neoplasms /SU MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-07-7 (mitomycin C); 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002148 TIBiodegradable mitomycin C microspheres given intra-arterially for inoperable hepatic cancer. With particular reference to a comparison with continuous infusion of mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. ABThirty-two patients with inoperable hepatic cancer underwent intra-arterial hepatic infusion using mitomycin C (MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or intra-arterial hepatic chemoembolization using heated albumin microspheres containing MMC with an average diameter 45 +/- 8 micron. Nineteen of the 32 patients received the MMC microsphere treatment and another 13 received the conventional infusion treatment, lasting for 3.4 months. The administered doses of MMC microspheres were 11.7 +/- 11.1 mg as MMC in the 12 with metastatic cancer and 6.9 +/- 2.1 mg as MMC in the 7 with hepatocellular cancer (HCC). On the contrary, the 13 patients who underwent conventional infusion had average doses of MMC 34.5 +/- 17.3 mg and of 5-FU 13.4 +/- 7.7 g, over 3.4 months. An objective tumor response was obtained in 13/19 (68.4%) under MMC microsphere chemoembolization, compared to 6/13 (46.2%) under the conventional infusion. The average level of CEA in the 12 with metastatic cancer, who underwent MMC microsphere therapy, dropped from 57.7 ng/ml to 16.5 ng/ml, while that in the 10 patients on conventional infusion dropped from 24.0 ng/ml to 17.4 ng/ml; that of alpha-fetoprotein dropped in all 7 with HCC on MMC microsphere chemoembolization, compared to a fall in 1/3 on conventional infusion. With the MMC microsphere treatment, 5 patients from colorectal cancer lived for 15.6 +/- 7.6 months, 2 are alive with a long life expectancy; and 7 patients from gastric or pancreatic cancer lived for only 9.3 +/- 3.3 months. In case of conventional infusion, 6 patients from colorectal cancer survived for 8.6 +/- 3.2 months; and 4 patients from gastric or gallbladder cancer survived for 6.0 +/- 1.0 months. The MMC microsphere treatment is superior at P = 0.059 in survival duration to the conventional infusion treatment. However, much the same survival occurred in 7 on MMC microsphere chemoembolization and 3 on continuous infusion. AUFujimoto S; Miyazaki M; Endoh F; Takahashi O; Okui K; Morimoto Y EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2404-10 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Hepatoma; Liver Neoplasms; Mitomycins MNAdult; Aged; Alpha Fetoproteins /AN; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Biodegradation; Carcinoembryonic Antigen /AN; Fluorouracil /AD; Hepatoma /PA; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms /PA /SC; Microspheres; Middle Age; Mitomycins /TU; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTComparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RNEC 1.1.1.27 (Lactate Dehydrogenase); 0 (BEP protocol); 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin); 33419-42-0 (Etoposide) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002149 TICisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin first-line therapy and early resection of residual tumor in far-advanced germinal testis cancer. ABForty consecutive patients with far-advanced germinal testis tumors (lymph node metastases greater than 10 cm, pulmonary nodules greater than 5 cm, extrapulmonary spread, alpha-fetoprotein greater than 1000 ng/ml, human chorionic gonadotropin greater than 50,000 mIU/ml) were treated with five courses of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin (PEB). Twenty-five patients underwent surgery for the removal of residual masses after the first three inductions. Fibrotic-necrotic tissue was resected in 11 cases, 12 had mature teratoma, and residual cancer was found in 2. After the combined-modality treatment, 37 patients (82.5%) entered complete remission (CR): 25 (62.5%) with PEB and 12 (30%) with PEB and complete removal of the residual tumor. One patient progressed on therapy, and two others had incomplete resection of the residual disease. Hematologic toxicity was moderate and gastrointestinal toxicity was very mild. After a median follow-up period of 24 months (range, 13-40), 33 patients (82.5%) remain continuously disease-free, and 4 experienced relapse. Only one of these was salvaged with further surgery and chemotherapy. First-line PEB therapy combined with early resection of residual tumor induced a very high continuous CR rate in patients with far-advanced germinal testis cancer, and toxicity was moderate. AUPizzocaro G; Piva L; Salvioni R; Zanoni F; Milani A EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2411-5 MJAntineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed; Testicular Neoplasms MNAdolescence; Adult; Alpha Fetoproteins /AN; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /AE; Bleomycins /AD; Cisplatin /AD; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Administration Schedule; Etoposide /AD; Follow-Up Studies; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /BL; Lactate Dehydrogenase /BL; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /PA /SU; Testicular Neoplasms /PA /SU MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN56-53-1 (Diethylstilbestrol); 57-85-2 (Testosterone); 68630-75-1 (Buserelin Acetate) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002150 TIBuserelin as primary therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma. ABThe effectiveness of buserelin, a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist, was tested in 28 patients with Stages C or D adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Of 24 evaluable patients, there were 13 partial responses (54%) by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria, median duration greater than 6 months. Nine patients had stable disease (38%), median duration greater than 5 months, and only two patients progressed. Performance status improved in 38%, patient-scored pain improved in 46%, and quality of life improved in 57%. Symptoms occurring during treatment consisted of hot flashes, loss of libido, and impotence. A flare of symptoms was observed in only one patient, despite a transient 25% increase in testosterone in 36% of patients. Buserelin is an effective treatment for inducing frequent and meaningful remissions in advanced prostatic cancer. AUPresant CA; Soloway MS; Klioze SS; Kosola JW; Yakabow AL; Mendez RG; Kennedy PS; Wyres MR; Naessig VL; Ford KS; et al EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2416-9 MJBuserelin Acetate /TU; Prostatic Neoplasms MNAdult; Aged; Buserelin Acetate /ME; Castration; Diethylstilbestrol /TU; Middle Age; Pain /PA; Prostatic Neoplasms /PA; Quality of Life; Testosterone /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002151 TIIntraperitoneal bleomycin. Pharmacokinetics and results of a phase II trial. ABBleomycin was administered in a phase II trial to 10 patients with malignant ascites. Complete responses to intraperitoneal bleomycin were observed in 6/10 patients (60%). Pharmacokinetics of serum and intraperitoneal bleomycin showed peak levels at 15 minutes with a peritoneal fluid half-life of 4.2 +/- 0.1 hours and a serum half-life of 5.0 +/- 1.2 hours. There was a 400-fold difference in concentration when bleomycin was administered intra-abdominally. Toxicities with intraperitoneal bleomycin were minimal. This phase II trial confirms the efficacy of intraperitoneal bleomycin; further trials appear warranted. AUBitran JD EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2420-3 MJAbdominal Neoplasms /DT; Adenocarcinoma /DT; Ascites; Bleomycins /TU MNAbdominal Neoplasms /BL /SC; Adenocarcinoma /BL /SC; Aged; Ascites /TH; Ascitic Fluid /ME; Bleomycins /AE /ME; Drainage; Drug Evaluation; Kinetics; Middle Age; Peritoneal Dialysis MTFemale; Human; Male RN50-91-9 (Fluorodeoxyuridine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002152 TIA reversible enteropathy complicating continuous hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine. ABThis article describes two patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in whom a reversible enteropathy developed during the administration of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (5-FUdR) via an Infusaid Series 400 pump (Infusaid Corp., Sharon, MA). Both patients had severe diarrhea and signs that suggested small bowel obstruction. Barium studies revealed a distinctive radiologic appearance of severe narrowing of the ileum associated with complete loss of normal mucosal patterns. Results of an extensive evaluation for an infectious or toxin-related enterocolitis were negative. Perfusion studies confirmed the appropriate position of the catheters and revealed no extrahepatic perfusion. Systemic shunting of the 5-FUdR through the liver or tumor bed is postulated as the primary event, with the small bowel manifesting the major toxicity. AUGluck WL; Akwari OE; Kelvin FM; Goodwin BJ EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2424-7 MJFluorodeoxyuridine /AE; Intestinal Diseases; Liver Neoplasms /SC MNAged; Fluorodeoxyuridine /AD; Hepatic Artery; Ileum /DE /RA; Infusions, Intra-Arterial /IS; Intestinal Diseases /RA; Intestinal Mucosa /DE /RA; Laparotomy; Liver Neoplasms /DT; Middle Age MTCase Report; Human; Male RN50-91-9 (Fluorodeoxyuridine) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002153 TIComplications of implantable chemotherapy pump. A case of pump inversion. ABRegional chemotherapy with the use of implantable pumps is becoming more frequent. The authors report here a case of the pump inverting in the subcutaneous pocket. Speculation on diagnosis, correction, and prevention are discussed. AUSeeger J; Woodcock TM; Richardson JD EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2428-9 MJInfusions, Intra-Arterial; Liver Neoplasms MNAged; Equipment Failure; Fluorodeoxyuridine /AD /TU; Liver Neoplasms /SC MTCase Report; Female; Human RN520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002155 TIFatal pulmonary toxicity by the association of radiotherapy and medroxyprogesterone acetate. ABThis report describes a fatal pneumonitis occurring in a breast cancer patient while on adjuvant treatment with radiotherapy and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The clinical and radiologic features, as well as the timing of this pneumonitis, make a radiation pneumonitis more than probable. A radiation pneumonitis was also observed in other patients treated in the same way. Medroxyprogesterone acetate thus seems to act as a radiosensitizer since no such effects were seen in patients treated with radiotherapy alone. The radioenhancing effect is not limited to the lungs, since radioesofagitis was also encountered in similarly treated patients. AUDe Greve J; Warson F; Deleu D; Storme G EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2434-6 MJMedroxyprogesterone; Pneumonia; Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy MNAged; Breast Neoplasms /TH; Carcinoma, Ductal /TH; Combined Modality Therapy /AE; Esophagitis /ET; Mastectomy /MT MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002157 TIMulticentric giant lymph node hyperplasia. A report of seven cases. ABMulticentric giant lymph node hyperplasia (MGLH) is a distinct lymphoproliferative disorder, which may terminate in malignant lymphoma. The clinical features and laboratory findings of seven cases are reported here. The histologic changes in lymph nodes were those of giant lymph node hyperplasia, plasma cell type. Immunoperoxidase staining showed intracytoplasmatic polyclonal immunoglobulins. Malignant lymphoma supervened in two cases, one of which was proved by autopsy; in the other there was transformation of a polyclonal gammopathy into a monoclonal one. Two of the patients also developed Kaposi's sarcoma. AUKessler E EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2446-51 MJLymph Nodes /PA MNAged; Histocytochemistry; Hyperplasia /PA; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy /BL /IM /PA; Immunoenzyme Technics; Immunoglobulins /AN; Lymph Nodes /BS; Sarcoma, Kaposi's /PA; Stains and Staining; Submandibular Gland /PA MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002158 TIOsteogenic and sarcomatoid differentiation of a renal cell carcinoma. ABSarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma is an uncommon renal tumor, and osteogenic differentiation has been reported in only a few of these tumors. The authors report such a case with radiographic, light microscopic, and electron microscopic findings, which demonstrate that the sarcomatoid areas of the tumor are derived from the malignant epithelial cells, retaining epithelial features such as desmosomes and lumina with microvilli. The use of electron microscopy is important in the establishment of this diagnosis. AUMacke RA; Hussain MB; Imray TJ; Wilson RB; Cohen SM EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2452-7 MJCarcinoma, Renal Cell /PA; Kidney Neoplasms /PA; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /PA MNAged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Carcinoma, Renal Cell /DT /UL; Kidney Neoplasms /DT /UL; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Sarcoma, Osteogenic /DT /UL; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonic Diagnosis MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002159 TIHeterogeneity of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Phenotypic and ultrastructural characterization of four unusual cases. ABThis study characterized, by means of immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, four cases of ╥unusual╙ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) other than classical mycosis fungoids and Sezary syndrome. Cases 1, 2, and 4 were diffuse lymphoma of a pleomorphic type, and Case 3 was of a mixed type. Case 4 shared a feature common to pagetoid reticulosis. A fairly large number of inflammatory cells were seen in Cases 1, 3, and 4. Functionally, the neoplastic cells of Cases 1, 3, and 4 were of a helper/inducer T-cell subset, whereas those of Case 2 were of a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell type. Epidermotropic cells with pagetoid growth in Case 4 failed to show these specific surface phenotypes, although they still retained pan T-cell markers. Neoplastic large or intermediate-sized cells revealed a marked difference in the development of cytoplasmic organelles and their nuclear profiles, ranging from a few simple indentations (Cases 2 and 3) to forms with many deep indentations (Case 1) and highly cleaved shapes (Case 4). All of these cells, however, possessed dense-cored granules located in a portion of the cytoplasm. This study indicated the clinicopathologic and immunologic heterogeneity of CTCL, which may be classified, according to the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies and the fine structural features, into subtypes that correspond to functionally distinct subsets of T-cells and their stages or types of differentiation. AUJimbow K; Maeda K; Ito Y; Ishida O; Takami T EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2458-69 MJLymphoma; Skin Neoplasms; T Lymphocytes MNAdult; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Histocytochemistry; Immunoenzyme Technics; Lymphoma /UL; Phenotype; Skin Neoplasms /UL; T Lymphocytes /UL MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002160 TIAnaplastic neoplasm in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. ABA 63-year-old white man had a history of recurrent pneumonia, pancytopenia, and splenomegaly when the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia was made on bone marrow biopsy examination. Splenectomy confirmed that diagnosis and his pancytopenia moderately improved. Three years following the diagnosis, the patient developed an upper abdominal mass involving the stomach wall that was found to be an anaplastic ╥large cell╙ neoplasm. Palliative radiotherapy was started, but the patient died 2 months later. Cytochemical studies of the anaplastic gastric neoplasm revealed cytoplasmic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity. Electron microscopy showed no epithelial differentiation. These observations suggest that the gastric neoplasm represented an evolution of hairy cell leukemia into a more aggressive tumor analogous to the transformation that occurs in other B-cell neoplasms. AUDavis KM; Spindel E; Franzini DA; Kitchens CS; Braylan RC EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2470-5 MJCarcinoma; Leukemia, Hairy Cell; Stomach Neoplasms MNBone Marrow /PA; Carcinoma /UL; Gastric Mucosa /PA; Mesentery /PA; Middle Age; Spleen /IM /PA; Stains and Staining; Stomach Neoplasms /UL MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002163 TIVascular invasion as a prognosticator of metastatic disease in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. Importance in ╥surveillance only╙ protocols. ABForty-five nonseminomatous germ cell carcinomas of the testis were evaluated retrospectively to define the biologic features associated with the occurrence of metastatic disease. A statistical analysis of several pertinent clinical and pathologic factors was performed. The factors evaluated included: duration of symptoms before diagnosis, serum level of alpha-fetoprotein, serum or urinary level of human chorionic gonadotropin, testicular weight, extent of local tumor (pathologic T stage), and vascular invasion at the primary site. In each case, metastases were documented by a retroperitoneal node dissection, other biopsies, or by chest films. In 29 tumors with vascular invasion, 25 patients were seen with metastatic disease. In 16 tumors without vascular invasion, 3 patients demonstrated metastasis. The presence or absence of vascular invasion was strongly correlated with concomitant lymph node involvement or subsequent appearance of other metastatic disease (chi-square = 17.19). Additionally, vascular invasion in bifactoral++ analysis with tumor size and pathologic T stage proved a significant prognosticator even in low-staged (chi-square = 8.48) and small tumors (chi-square = 8.13). The implications of these findings, both as an adjunct to the staging of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors and in the management of clinical Stage I lesions, are discussed. AUMoriyama N; Daly JJ; Keating MA; Lin CW; Prout GR Jr EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2492-8 MJNeoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /PA; Testicular Neoplasms /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Alpha Fetoproteins /AN; Blood Vessels /PA; Castration; Dysgerminoma /PA; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /BL; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Age; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Embryonal and Mixed /BL; Prognosis; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms /SC; Retrospective Studies; Teratoma /PA; Testicular Neoplasms /BL MTHuman; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002164 TIGliomatosis peritonei. ABGliomatosis peritonei, the occurrence of mature glial peritoneal implants, is a rare complication that is observed almost exclusively in the setting of ovarian teratoma. The clinicopathologic features of four such cases associated with ovarian teratoma of all grades are described herein. Gliomatosis peritonei is a benign condition. Although its presence is believed to suggest a more favorable prognosis in cases of high-grade ovarian teratoma, this was not found in one of our cases. Extensive histopathologic sampling of peritoneal implants is essential to exclude the presence of other teratomatous or germ cell elements, a negative factor in prognosis. AUNielsen SN; Scheithauer BW; Gaffey TA EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2499-503 MJNeuroglia; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Teratoma MNAdolescence; Adult; Middle Age; Prognosis; Stains and Staining MTCase Report; Female; Human IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002165 TITransthoracic fine-needle aspiration. Experience in a cancer center. ABThe authors summarize 5 years' experience with transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (TFNA) in 180 patients. Aspirated tumors tended to be large and peripheral. A large pneumothorax was seen after 4.3% of aspirations, and various minor complications followed another 23.3%. Emphysema was a significant risk factor for complications. Follow-up confirmed 151 cancers, with a wide variety of origins and histologic types. In the diagnosis of cancer, TFNA cytology had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 82%. Positive TFNA findings usually provided the earliest microscopic diagnosis of cancer or of cancer stage. AUCrosby JH; Hager B; Hoeg K EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2504-7 MJLung Neoplasms; Medical Oncology MNAdolescence; Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Needle /AE /MT; Cancer Care Facilities; Diagnostic Errors; Emphysema /ET; Follow-Up Studies; Lung Neoplasms /RA /SC; Middle Age; Norway MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002166 TIWell-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with peripheral blood involvement, osteolytic bone lesions, and hypercalcemia. A case report and review of the literature. ABIt is rare for small lymphocytic B-cell malignancies to be associated with osteolytic bone lesions and/or hypercalcemia. The authors present an unusual case of well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DWDL) in a 70-year-old man who had osteolytic bone lesions and subsequently developed severe refractory hypercalcemia. The possible etiologic mechanisms responsible for these findings are discussed, and a brief review of the literature is presented. AUAbboud SL; Gordeuk V; Schacter LP; Crum ED; Spitzer TR EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2508-11 MJBone Resorption; Hypercalcemia; Lymphoma /PA; Osteolysis MNAged; B Lymphocytes /PA; Diagnosis, Differential; Lymphoma /BL; Spinal Neoplasms /PA MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002167 TIAdenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. Prognostic factors and results of therapy. ABAdenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (AE and GE) are uncommon neoplasms with a poor prognosis. AE or GE are usually analyzed as part of the larger group of carcinomas in patients with either epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus or with gastric cancer. The prognostic variables and outcome of therapy for patients with AE and GE alone have not been well described. The records of 131 patients treated at Memorial Hospital during the period 1978 to 1982 were reviewed. The majority underwent surgery as their primary therapy. Clinical staging was found to be highly inaccurate, with almost all patients having Stage III disease at surgery. Operative mortality was 7.1%. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not appear to influence survival. Treatment of advanced disease with either conventional or investigational agents yielded modest objective response rates. Prognostic variables for those presenting with locoregional disease who were candidates for potentially curative surgery were analyzed. Only the presence or absence of weight loss and location of the primary tumor (AE versus GE) were significant variables. A model for predicting survival was employed. AUFein R; Kelsen DP; Geller N; Bains M; McCormack P; Brennan MF EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2512-8 MJAdenocarcinoma; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagogastric Junction MNActuarial Analysis; Adenocarcinoma /SC /SU; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Body Weight; Combined Modality Therapy; Esophageal Neoplasms /SU; Esophagogastric Junction /SU; Middle Age; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis MTFemale; Human; Male RN520-85-4 (Medroxyprogesterone) IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002168 TIStage III endometrial carcinoma. A review of 90 cases. ABThe authors present a retrospective review of 90 cases of Stage III endometrial carcinoma seen over a 10-year period at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. Overall 5-year survival was 45.5% and disease-free survival was 36.0%. Prognostic factors identified within Stage III were tumor grade, geographic distribution of disease, the presence of symptoms other than vaginal bleeding or discharge, and completeness of surgery. Isolated involvement of the ovary or fallopian tube emerges as a distinct syndrome with a good prognosis (5-year survival of 82.3%). Surgery is the treatment of choice for operable cases, but 13 of 36 patients with inoperable disease who completed radical radiotherapy were alive and free of disease at 5 years. AUMackillop WJ; Pringle JF EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2519-23 MJAdenocarcinoma; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Uterine Neoplasms /PA MNAdenocarcinoma /SC; Bone Neoplasms /DT /SC; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell /SC; Medroxyprogesterone /TU; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasm Staging; Palliative Treatment; Radiotherapy Dosage; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Uterine Neoplasms /MO /RT /SU MTFemale; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002169 TIPrognostic factors and outcome in bilateral Wilms' tumor. ABTwenty-one patients with bilateral Wilms' tumor are reviewed and the details of diagnosis, therapy, and survival presented. All patients had an abdominal mass at the time of diagnosis. Associated findings included hypertension, aniridia, and genitourinary anomalies. Favorable histologic features were found in all simultaneously occurring tumors and in the initial tumor in nonsimultaneous tumors. Eleven of the 18 patients with simultaneously occurring tumors survived for at least 2 years, for an overall 2-year survival rate of 61%, which was similar to the 2-year survival rate of 60% found in a review of 61 other simultaneously occurring bilateral Wilms' tumors reported in the literature since 1971. Two ╥front-end╙ factors that affected prognosis were the patient's age and the stage of the most advanced tumor at the time of diagnosis. A significantly better survival was found in children whose tumor was diagnosed before the age of 2 years and in patients who had Stage I or II disease in the most advanced tumor, as compared with those who had Stage III or IV disease. The overall survival rate in this series and in the literature review is much poorer than that reported for bilateral Wilms' tumor in the National Wilm's Tumor Study; some possible reasons for this are given. The authors' current approach to diagnosis and therapy is reviewed. AUAsch MJ; Siegel S; White L; Fonkalsrud E; Hays D; Isaacs H EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2524-9 MJKidney Neoplasms /PA; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Nephroblastoma /PA MNActuarial Analysis; Child, Preschool; Child; Infant; Kidney Neoplasms /MO /TH; Nephroblastoma /MO /TH; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors MTFemale; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002170 TISmall cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with hypercalcemia. ABThis report describes three cases of undifferentiated small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Their light microscopic appearance is closely akin to the small cell carcinoma of lung. The neoplastic cells exhibit few cytoplasmic dense core neurosecretory granules ultrastructurally and immunoreactivity to enolase. Two patients manifested clinically hypercalcemia which is rare in small cell carcinoma in general and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been described in association with bladder small cell carcinoma. AUReyes CV; Soneru I EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2530-3 MJBladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Oat Cell; Hypercalcemia MNAged; Bladder Neoplasms /RA; Carcinoma, Oat Cell /RA; Cytoplasmic Granules /UL; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed MTCase Report; Human; Male IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002171 TIGynecomastia in testicular cancer patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. ABEighty-one patients with advanced testicular cancer were evaluated for gynecomastia or severe breast tenderness at diagnosis and after platinum-based chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of gynecomastia in these two settings was explored. At presentation, 10% (8 patients) had gynecomastia or breast tenderness and elevated HCG levels. The likelihood of gynecomastia was greater with increasing HCG level (P = 0.002). However, gynecomastia at presentation was a more powerful independent discriminant of poor survival than the initial HCG level by multivariate analysis (P = 0.004). Fifteen percent (12 patients) developed transient gynecomastia after chemotherapy not attributable to other known causes. HCG levels were normal. Endocrine evaluation typically revealed elevated FSH, LH, and estradiol/testosterone ratios. This may have reflected damage to testicular germinal epithelium. All 12 patients are alive without disease in contrast to the 8 patients who had gynecomastia at diagnosis. Therapy decisions should therefore be based on the time of onset of gynecomastia and in the context of appropriate clinical markers and evaluation. AUTseng A Jr; Horning SJ; Freiha FS; Resser KJ; Hannigan JF Jr; Torti FM EM8601 ID2 R10 CA 21744-04; 5R 18 CA 24751-04 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2534-8 MJBreast; Gynecomastia; Testicular Neoplasms /PA MNAdolescence; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents, Combined /TU; Castration; Dysgerminoma /PA; Follow-Up Studies; Gonadotropins, Chorionic /BL; Middle Age; Neoplasm Staging; Physical Examination; Prognosis; Teratoma /PA; Testicular Neoplasms /BL /DT; Time Factors MTHuman; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002172 TIBurkitt's lymphoma in the Middle East. A study of 34 cases. ABThe clinical features of 34 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed at the American University Medical Center (AUMC) are described. Ages ranged between 3 and 20 years (median, 7 years). Seventy-three percent of the patients were younger than 8 years. Three cases occurred among siblings. The primary site of disease at presentation was the abdomen, 23 patients; jaw, 6; jaw and abdomen, 2; Waldeyer's ring, 2; and mediastinum, 1. Of those who had abdominal disease, the involvement was diffuse and extensive in abdomen and pelvis in 9, apparently confined to the ileocecal region in 5, mesenteric nodes and small intestine in 5, large intestine in 1, and ovary in 3. One patient presented with paraplegia. The bone marrow was studied in 19 patients; it was positive in 5 and suspicious in 2. None had frank leukemia. CSF was studied in 4 patients at presentation and was negative. Eight patients developed meningeal lymphoma during the course of the disease. Liver involvement was documented in 3 patients. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was observed at presentation in 11 patients (9, neck; 2, inguinal + axillary). In contrast to African Burkitt's, the majority of our patients presented with abdominal disease, and in contrast to the American form, our patients were younger with a median age similar to that of African Burkitt's. Thirty percent of the patients had jaw tumor at presentation--a figure intermediate between the African and the American Burkitt's. AUAnaissie E; Geha S; Allam C; Jabbour J; Khalyl M; Salem P EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2539-43 MJBurkitt's Lymphoma /OC MNAbdominal Neoplasms /PA; Adolescence; Adult; Burkitt's Lymphoma /FG /PA; Child, Preschool; Child; Jaw Neoplasms /PA; Middle East; Neoplasm Staging /MT; Pelvic Neoplasms /PA; Retrospective Studies MTFemale; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't IS0008-543X LAEnglish JCCLZ SBA; M; X UI86002173 TIThe human B-cell lineage cell line ARH-77 [letter] AURalph P EM8601 SOCancer (United States), Nov 15 1985, 56(10) p2544-5 MJCell Line MNAntibody-Producing Cells; Leukemia, Plasmacytic; Multiple Myeloma; Plasmacytoma MTComparative Study; Human IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002174 TIActivation of natural resistance against lung metastasis of an adenocarcinoma in T-cell depressed spontaneously hypertensive rats by infection with Listeria monocytogenes. ABWe report here our study of the role of natural host defense mechanisms mediated by macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells in an experimental model of spontaneous pulmonary metastases of a mammary adenocarcinoma SST-2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with congenital T-cell depression. To activate macrophages and NK cells, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) was injected IV into SHR which had received a transplantation of SST-2. To assess the antimetastatic responses induced by LM, the number of lung nodules and the lung weight in SHR were evaluated 30 days after tumor inoculation. The growth of lung metastases, though not of primary tumors, was significantly reduced if 10(7) LM were injected IV into SHR 2, 10 and 20 days after the SC transplantation of 5 X 10(4) or 5 X 10(5) SST-2. An inhibitory effect of LM on pulmonary metastases was also observed in tumor-excised rats, in which the number of lung metastases and the lung weight were enhanced as compared with those in tumor-bearing rats which had not undergone surgery. Peritoneal resident cells which were harvested from rats injected with LM showed a significant augmentation of tumoricidal activity against SST-2 cells as measured by in vitro cytotoxicity. Similarly, the NK activity of spleen cells of SHR injected with LM increased significantly when compared with untreated SHR. These data suggest that the inhibition of metastatic growth, though not of primary tumor growth, was accomplished by the, possibly T-cell independent, activation of macrophages and NK cells. AUKoga Y; Hamada J; Takeichi N; Nakane A; Minagawa T; Kobayashi H EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p103-8 MJAdenocarcinoma; Killer Cells, Natural; Listeria Infections; Lung Neoplasms; Macrophage Activation; T Lymphocytes MNAdenocarcinoma /SC; Immunity, Natural; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats MTAnimal RN56-49-5 (Methylcholanthrene) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002175 TIAnti-tumour effect of humoral and cellular immunities mediated by a bacterial immunopotentiator, Lactobacillus casei, in mice. ABAdministration of a mixture containing Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC9018) and methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth A) cells into the peritoneum of syngeneic BALB/c mice suppressed the tumour growth and protected the mice from tumour death. With the appearance of the anti-tumour activity, serum complement-dependent tumour cytotoxic (CDC) antibody was induced on the 5th day after the administration as a result of the adjuvant effect. The cytotoxic antibody was not found in serum on the 5th day after inoculation of Meth A cells alone, but it was induced before the mice died of the tumours. Adjuvant induction of the cytotoxic serum antibody at an early time was also observed using Kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed tumour (K234) cells. Both of these cytotoxic antibodies in sera from Meth A-suppressed and the tumour-bearing mice were specific for the tumour cells and were IgM class, since they were absorbed with rabbit anti-mouse IgM antibody. However, the cytotoxic antibody was not found in the peritoneal cavity which was the tumour inoculation site, but binding antibody against the tumour cells was faintly detected in the region using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). In neutralization tests, the cytotoxic antibody did not exert anti-tumour activity in recipient mice when it was administered to the mice along with the tumour cells or when it was administered i.v. at the time of tumour inoculation. Moreover, the cytotoxic antibody was not available for the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). These results suggest that the cytotoxic antibody did not exert anti-tumour activity in the tumour-suppressed mice. In contrast, peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) on the 5th day, and PEC and spleen cells on the 15th day after i.p. administration of the mixture exerted strong anti-tumour activity as measured by the Winn test. In conclusion, the adjuvant effect of LC9018 induced tumour-specific humoral and cellular immunities but the anti-tumour activity was dependent only on the cellular effectors of the host. The possible use of LC9018 in tumour immunotherapy is discussed. AUYasutake N; Ohwaki M; Mutai M; Koide Y; Yoshida T EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p109-16 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; Fibrosarcoma /IM; Lactobacillus Casei MNAntibody Formation; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fibrosarcoma /CI; Immunity, Cellular; Lymphocytes /IM; Methylcholanthrene; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice; Neutralization Tests MTAnimal; Male RN0 (tumor necrosis factor); 7782-44-7 (Oxygen) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002176 TICytotoxic factor production by Kupffer cells elicited with Lactobacillus casei and Corynebacterium parvum. ABThe ability of Kupffer cells, spleen macrophages, pulmonary macrophages, and peritoneal macrophages (PM) to produce cytotoxic factor (CTF) was investigated in vitro. The production of CTF by Kupffer cells elicited with Corynebacterium parvum (CP) or Lactobacillus casei YIT9018 (LC9018) was higher than that of spleen, pulmonary macrophages, or PM. In addition, oxygen radical (OR) production by Kupffer cells or PM was measured. The production of OR by Kupffer cells or PM was significantly augmented by i.v. or i.p. injection of LC9018 or CP. No significant correlation was observed between the increase in OR production by Kupffer cells or PM and CTF production by Kupffer cells or PM elicited with either organism. It was suggested that activated Kupffer cells may be one important source of CTF production in serum and that the CTF-producing macrophages may be different from the OR-producing macrophages. AUHashimoto S; Seyama Y; Yokokura T; Mutai M EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p117-21 MJAdjuvants, Immunologic; Glycoproteins; Kupffer Cells; Lactobacillus Casei; Propionibacterium acnes MNFree Radicals; Kupffer Cells /ME; Macrophages /IM /ME; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice; Oxygen /ME; Spleen /ME MTAnimal; In Vitro; Male RN23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002177 TIAdriamycin induced resistance of sensitive K 562 cells to natural killer lymphocyte attack. ABThe effect of Adriamycin (ADM) on erythroleukaemia K 562 cell susceptibility to human natural killer (NK) cell activity has been studied. When cultivated for 3 days in the presence of 10 to 40 nM ADM, K 562 cells decreased their susceptibility to NK-mediated lysis in a dose-dependent fashion. At a concentration of 40 nM, previously found to induce optimal differentiation-associated properties in K 562 cells, the induced resistance to NK-mediated lysis increased progressively from day 1 to day 3 of culture. ADM treatment did not induce K 562 cells to release factors which interfered with NK activity since supernatants from ADM-treated K 562 cell cultures caused no significant modification in the NK lytic process. Binding to NK of ADM-treated K 562 cells was unaffected since treated and untreated cells had identical capacities in a conjugate-forming cell assay or adsorption of NK cells on target cell monolayers. In cold target competition assays ADM-treated K 562 cells acted as more effective competitors than untreated K 562 cells. These observations imply that the reduced killing of the ADM-treated K 562 cells was independent of target-NK cell recognition, and suggest that ADM treatment could allow malignant cells to escape NK surveillance. AUBenoist H; Madoulet C; Jardillier JC; Desplaces A EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p122-8 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Doxorubicin; Killer Cells, Natural; Leukemia, Myelocytic MNAdsorption; Cell Line; Cold MTHuman IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002178 TIPresence of normal human cell surface antigens in plasma of athymic mice bearing a human colon carcinoma and in normal human plasma. ABThe mixed haemadsorption (MHA) method was employed for detection of several normal antigenic components on the surface of human colon carcinoma cells (HT-29). The antigens were expressed by cells in monolayer cultures and in suspensions prepared by monolayer trypsinization, and by cells of tumours growing progressively in athymic mice. The plasma of such animals bearing medium sized and large, non-necrotic tumours contained all the antigens, as determined by the radial diffusion immune haemolysis method (RDIH); the plasma of animals with small or large heavily necrotic tumours did not contain detectable amounts of any of the determinants. The half-life of the determinants in the circulation as extracellular entities was ca. 20 h. The same antigens, and fibronectin, were found to be ubiquitously represented in normal human plasma. It is proposed that the presence of membrane antigens in plasma is the result of physiological shedding of cell surface constituents by living cells. AUMarkson Y; Weiss DW; Weiss O; Doljanski F EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p129-36 MJAdenocarcinoma; Antigens, Surface; Colonic Neoplasms MNCells, Cultured; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mice; Neoplasm Transplantation; Transplantation, Heterologous MTAnimal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN9007-34-5 (Collagen); 9007-36-7 (Complement) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002179 TIA 3-dimensional tumor growth inhibition assay for testing monoclonal antibody cytotoxicity. ABA 3-dimensional tumor growth inhibition assay [18] has been adapted to test the cytotoxic activity of a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to various antigenic determinants on the surface of mouse mammary tumor cells. Target cells can be prepared from either cultured cells or from pieces of fresh tumor. Antibody and complement are added when cells are growing actively and cell growth can be measured, non destructively, over a 7-10-day period. Effective diffusion of antibody through collagen gel and binding to target cells embedded in the gel is demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent staining. The specificity of monoclonal antibody AMT 101 cytotoxicity for mouse mammary tumor cells is the same in trypan blue exclusion assays of single-cell suspensions as in collagen gel assays, with complete killing seen in the collagen gel assay only. The collagen gel assay allows the testing of repeated treatments in vitro, as well as combined treatment with multiple antibodies. It also allows cell-cell interaction and preserves all cell components in the tumor. The collagen gel assay has potential as a method of predicting the outcome of monoclonal antibody treatment of solid tumors. AUWei WZ; Massey RJ; Heppner GH EM8601 IDCA 27419; CA 27437; CA 22453 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p137-44 MJAntibodies, Monoclonal; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /PA MNCell Line; Collagen; Complement /IM; Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; Fluorescent Antibody Technic; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /IM; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice MTAnimal; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN50-07-7 (mitomycin C) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002180 TIInduction of activated macrophages by intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C in mice. ABThe host cellular response to IP injection of mitomycin C was studied in C3H/HeN mice. As assessed by in vitro cytolysis assay using 125I-iododeoxyuridine-labelled tumour target cells, mitomycin C-induced peritoneal macrophages showed the maximum tumouricidal activity 4 days after the IP injection. The tumouricidal activity was dependent on the dose of mitomycin C injected and it was detectable against syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic tumour target cells. In addition, these tumouricidal macrophages were found to be augmented in functions of both incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells. Among the other anti-cancer drugs, which were used at a dose of three-fifths of LD50, only adriamycin (7.5 mg/kg) was capable of inducing activated macrophages as much as mitomycin C (3 mg/kg). Cyclophosphamide (225 mg/kg), methotrexate (60 mg/kg) and vincristine (1.5 mg/kg) were able to augment incorporation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells, but not tumouricidal activity. Differential cytolysis assay was performed for two cell lines of P 388 tumour target cells, the mitomycin C-sensitive original cell line and the mitomycin C-resistant subline, demonstrating no significant difference in macrophage-mediated tumour cell lysis between these cell lines. Based on these results, it was concluded that mitomycin C, when injected IP induced activated macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. A better understanding of the effect of anti-cancer drugs on macrophage tumouricidal activity may be useful in designing more effective local chemotherapy for malignant peritoneal effusions. AUShindo H; Ogura T; Masuno T; Hayashi S; Kishimoto S EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p145-50 MJMacrophage Activation; Mitomycins /PD MNAntineoplastic Agents /PD; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Macrophages /IM; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice; Mitomycins /AD; Neoplasms, Experimental /PA MTAnimal; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN0 (macrophage activating factor); 1404-26-8 (Polymyxin B); 7440-74-6 (Indium) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002181 TIHuman lymphokine preparations which generate tumoricidal properties of human monocytes in vitro may be distinct from gamma interferon. ABThe purpose of these studies was to determine whether stimulated human lymphocytes produce lymphokines distinct from IFN gamma, that can activate human blood monocytes to lyse tumor cells. We undertook this investigation because of the controversy concerning whether MAF and IFN gamma are the same molecule. Crude lymphokine preparations prepared from normal human mononuclear cells incubated with Con A and rich in MAF activity also contained 1000 U/ml IFN gamma as measured by the virus neutralization assay. However, the induction of tumoricidal activity in monocytes by the lymphokine preparation could be dissociated from the IFN gamma activity, based on the following data: (1) Heat treatment (100 degrees C for 2 min) removed the antiviral activity of the lymphokine yet did not diminish its MAF-like activity when measured in a 72 h cytotoxicity assay against 125I IUdR-labeled human A375 melanoma cells. (2) Likewise, treatment of this lymphokine preparation with a twofold excess of anti-IFN gamma antibody neutralized antiviral activity but once again had no effect on its ability to activate monocyte tumoricidal function. In contrast, both heat treatment and anti-IFN gamma antibody abolished monocyte activation by equivalent units of human recombinant IFN gamma. Taken together, these data suggest that there is a molecule(s) distinct from IFN gamma which can activate human monocytes for tumoricidal function. Furthermore, this dissociation of MAF and IFN gamma activity was dependent on the use of a long-term (72 h) assay, since activation of tumoricidal activity in an 18-24 h assay appeared to be attributable solely to IFN gamma. AUKleinerman ES; Wiltrout RH; Zicht R; Fidler IJ EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p151-7 MJCytotoxicity, Immunologic; Interferon Type II; Lymphokines; Monocytes; Neoplasms, Experimental MNCell Line; Cell Separation; Heat; Indium /DU; Polymyxin B /PD; Radioisotopes /DU MTHuman IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002182 TIPhagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. ABHuman bronchoalveolar cells were obtained by lavage during diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy of 21 patients suspected of having lung malignancies. Of these patients 11 were diagnosed as having primary lung cancer (Group I) and included individuals with squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated large and oat cell carcinoma at varying locations and TNM stages, 4 patients demonstrated nonprimary metastatic carcinoma (Group II), and 6 patients did not reveal detectable tumors by bronchoscopy or follow-up (Group III) and were included as study controls. We examined the ability of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) lavaged from patients in each of the three study groups to phagocytose opsonized sheep red blood cells. Phagocytic activity varied among patients in the same and different study groups; however, no significant differences were observed in the phagocytic or tumoristatic activities of PAMs recovered from tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing lung regions of the same patient. Moreover, lavage fluids collected from tumor-bearing regions did not suppress the phagocytic activity of PAMs collected from control lungs nor lung regions contralateral to the tumor-bearing lung. The data do not support the view that bronchial neoplasms or their secreted products suppress phagocytic functions of alveolar macrophages. AUGangemi JD; Olsen GN; Fechter C; Hightower JA; Bauguess CT; Krech L EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p158-66 MJCarcinoma, Bronchogenic; Lung Neoplasms; Macrophages; Phagocytosis; Pulmonary Alveoli MNAdult; Aged; Middle Age MTHuman; In Vitro; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN53-86-1 (Indomethacin); 74764-16-2 (maltose tetrapalmitate) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002183 TIModulation of the immunosuppressive effects of splenic macrophages in Fischer rats bearing adenocarcinoma 13762. ABThe nature of spleen cells in Fischer rats bearing a large size (greater than 1 cm diameter) mammary adenocarcinoma 13762A (MAC) which block the immunostimulating capacities of MTP2 (a synthetic immunomodulator) and suppress proliferation in vitro of splenic T and B lymphocytes by their respective mitogens was investigated. Splenic macrophages were recognized as the suppressor cells by (a) restoration of mitogenic responses by depletion of macrophages from spleen cell suspensions and (b) continued suppressor activity in spleen cell suspensions of tumor bearers devoid of viable T lymphocytes. Macrophage contact with T lymphocytes was required for the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation by concanavalin A as shown by (a) the absence of suppressor activity in supernatants derived from cultured suppressor macrophages, (b) lowering of the suppressor activity of intact macrophages after treatment with neuraminidase, (c) lowering of the suppressor activity of macrophages by addition of red cells to spleen cultures of tumor bearers indicating red cell interference with macrophage-T cell interaction and (d) lack of inhibiting action of suppressor macrophages on allogenic T lymphocyte proliferation showing macrophage T cell recognition for suppression. Animals bearing a large size tumor exhibited spleen hypertrophy and an increase in macrophage: lymphocyte ratio and a decrease in red cell: lymphocyte ratio. Splenic macrophages did not appear to be implicated in blocking antitumor immunity induction since (a) suppressor macrophages were absent in spleens during the inductive phase of the immune response and (b) MAC implanted in allogenic Wistar rats grew to about 2 cm diameter, induced splenic suppressor macrophages but the tumor was later rejected by the animals. Collectively the results suggest that suppressor macrophages are the result of increasing tumor volume rather than its cause. AUBonaventure J; Nigam VN; Brailovsky CA EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p167-74 MJAdenocarcinoma; Immune Tolerance; Macrophages; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental MNAdenocarcinoma /PA; Glycolipids /PD; Indomethacin /PD; Lymphocyte Transformation; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /PA; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats; Spleen /IM MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002184 TIChemoimmunotherapeutic effect of cyclophosphamide on the highly metastatic MAT 13762 tumor. ABWe have observed that cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment of 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing rats was found to cause tumor regression. Tumor-bearing animals cured with three low doses of CY were partially immune against IV and SC challenge with a high dose of 13762 cells. This immune protection mechanism in CY-cured animals appears to be a T (Ig-) cell-mediated response. Irradiated rats reconstituted with CY-cured animal spleen cells were also partially protected against IV and SC challenge with 13762 cells, whereas irradiated rats reconstituted with CY-control animal spleen cells were not. In vitro primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic activity of CY-cured spleen cells against target 13762 cells was low. The possible relevance of this tumor-model study is in the understanding of CY-induced tumor immune response and its role in preventing metastases or perhaps recurrent tumor growth. AUHoon DS; Ramshaw IA EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p175-8 MJAdenocarcinoma; Cyclophosphamide; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental MNAdenocarcinoma /IM /SC; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic /DE; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms /SC; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental /IM; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats MTAnimal; Female; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN1510-21-0 (cholesteryl succinate) IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002185 TISkin tests with autologous cholesteryl hemisuccinate treated tumour cells in cancer patients. ABSkin tests with autologous irradiated tumour cells were performed in 20 malignant melanoma, 7 breast and 6 ovarian cancer patients. In the majority of cases evident reaction was noted with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS)-treated cells while the reaction with untreated cells was mostly negative. No correlation was found between this reactivity and the ability of patients to be sensitized to DNCB and to their reactivity to PPD. No correlation was found between reactivity to CHS-treated tumour cells and the stage and course of the disease. AUMunzarova M ; Zemanova D ; Kovarik J ; Rejthar A; Pacovsky Z EM8601 SOCancer Immunol Immunother (Germany, West), 1985, 20(2) p179-81 MJCholesterol Esters; Neoplasms MNBreast Neoplasms /IM; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Melanoma /IM; Ovarian Neoplasms /IM; Skin Tests MTFemale; Human IS0340-7004 LAEnglish JCCND SBM; X UI86002186 TIEffects of the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells on the spleen cell lymphoproliferative response of tumor-bearing mice. ABCell-mediated immunity was investigated in two BALB/c mouse tumor systems using the lymphoblastogenesis test with phytohemagglutinin as the mitogen. This lymphoproliferative response was quantitated using the Stimulation Index (SI). There was little evidence for suppressor cell activity in cell mixing experiments in which spleen cells from